HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Research progress of astragalus extracton on antiviral effects

WU Chang-hong, YANG Ying

2021, 60(18): 5-8. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.001

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Astragalus is a traditional Chinese medicine. The main chemical composition of astragalus contains various active substances, such as flavonoids, saponins and polysaccharides, which have various functions like anti-virus, anti-tumor, and activating immunesystem. Moreover, astragalus showed an extensive antiviral effects, including human viruses and animal viruses, such as herpes virus, hepatitis B virus, avian influenza virus, porcine circovirus, etc. This article summarized the antiviral effects of astragalus. It will provide some ideas on developing the application of astragaluson antiviral research.

Research progress on market differentiation of agricultural machinery cross regional operation service and its causes

RUAN Dong-yan, ZHOU Jing

2021, 60(18): 9-13. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.002

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With the support of policy, the service market of China's agricultural machinery cross regional operation continues to extend, but there is an obvious differentiation trend among different crops and different agronomic links in recent years. This paper summarizes the existing literature from the perspective of the development process, differentiation trend and causes of the cross regional operation service market of agricultural machinery. The existing literature discusses the reasons for the market differentiation of agricultural machinery cross regional operation service from the aspects of agricultural machinery purchase cost, profit space, agricultural machinery supply, the time difference of inter regional, terrain and traffic conditions, but it still can't fully explain the above differentiation phenomenon. Because of the constraints of time and space, we need to find a more powerful theory to explain the differentiation phenomenon from the perspective of space-time factors.

Visual research progress and prospect on tourism destination image in abroad

LIU Xiao-hua, LIANG Yue-lin, YAN Meng-fan

2021, 60(18): 14-18. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.003

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This paper systematically reviewed and summarized the progress of foreign visual research in the field of tourism destination image. The research object was the network tourism picture, the research content mainly included the representation analysis of destination image visual, the influence of visual cognition and the visual attention. The research methods could be divided into three categories, content analysis,visual elicitation and eye-tracking technology. Based on this, it is suggested that in addition to focusing on the diversification of research perspectives and research methods, the research contents should focus on the vertical contrast of the visual representation of the tourism destination image and the driving effect of the visual cognition of the tourism destination image on the image cognition and even the tourism intention, as well as the different visual media's traveling image dissemination effect and so on.

Planting performance and high-yielding cultivation techniques of Wuliangyou eyingsimiao as post-tobacco rice in Jingzhou

XU Zheng-meng, WU Yun-zi, XU Hui, SHI Fang-chun

2021, 60(18): 19-20. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.004

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Wuliangyou eyingsimiao was an indica two-line hybrid rice bred from cross of WU331S and Eyingsimiao by Hubei Quanyin Seed Co., Ltd. In 2020, it was released by the crop variety approval committee in Hubei province （20200036）. The variety showed the characteristics of good rice quality, high and stable yield in Jingzhou, and its high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques were summarized.

Application of intelligent breeding plant in polyploid rice breeding

WEI Zhi-song, SHU Yuan-yuan, CAI De-tian, LIU Yu-hua, WANG Qing-fei, WANG Qun, MA Xue-han

2021, 60(18): 21-25. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.005

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This paper summarized that through the regulation of spectrum, light intensity, light duration, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration,the intelligent breeding plant of polyploid rice in the whole growth period had realized the rapid propagation of 3~4 generations a year;Secondly, in the establishment of polyploid rice germplasm and hybrid breeding, seasonal restrictions could be put aside for rice ploidy morphological identification and hybrid embryo rescue seedling propagation; In addition, while using anther culture for haploid rapid generation and stability, combined with gene chip gene detection and other high-tech breeding auxiliary means, it could eliminate the single plant with bad characters in the intelligent breeding factory, retain the single plant with good characters, transplant it to the field for propagation and identification, and finally select a new line to achieve the breeding goal.

Comparative analysis of intercropping and monocropping of summer maize and soybean in Huanggang city

WU Yu, CHANG Hai-bin, WU Jian-lei, ZHAO Jun-li, YU Chang-bing

2021, 60(18): 26-28. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.006

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In order to explore the summer maize and soybean intercropping model for Huanggang city,Hubei province,a comparative experiment study was carried out between the summer maize-soybean intercropping model and the conventional monoculture to analyze the yield and economic benefits of different models. The results showed that the economic benefit of maize and soybean intercropping model was significantly higher than that of maize or soybean monoculture,with a profit of 8 150 yuan per hectare. Compared with conventional maize or soybean monoculture,the intercropping model increased income by 2 116 yuan per hectare and 3 670 yuan per hectare, respectively. The economic benefit of intercropping model is considerable, which can provide a theoretical basis for the promotion of summer maize and soybean intercropping technology.

Study on estimation model of rape yield components based on multi-factor

XU Fei-fei, XIONG Shi-wei, XUN Jing, HUA Jun-wei, JIA Tian-shan

2021, 60(18): 29-35. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.007

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The aim of this study was to find the main influencing factors, and constructed the estimating method of oilseed rape yield components. Kernel weight per plant （KW）, pods number per plant （PN） and 1 000-kernel weight （1 000 KW） were taken as the research object. Using the data of agricultural meteorology observation data and varieties examination of rapeseed, and meteorological data for the corresponding period from 1995 to 2018 in Jiangsu province, 4 types of important factors, such as key meteorological factors in the main growth stages, growth period characteristics, varieties characteristics, planting density, were determined by combining with the physiological characteristics of oilseed rape. The 4 types of factors were collated to form 43 factors correlated with oilseed rape growth, whose correlations with yield elements were analyzed. Finally, the estimating models of oilseed rape yield elements were constructed with progressive regression method based on high correlation factors, and the prediction accuracy of each model was analyzed and verified. The results showed,①Multiple of the 43 correlated factors were significantly or extremely significantly correlated with oilseed rape yield elements;②The models for estimating 3 yield components all passed the significant test at the 0.01 level, and their goodness of fit were also good;③ The estimating accuracies（EA）of the components of intra-group and inter-groups were also at high level, generally more than 80%, among which the EA of 1 000 KW model was 88.31%. Researches show that the estimating models constructed in this paper have good applicability, which can provide theoretical basis and modeling idea for accurate measurement of oilseed rape yield.

Variation characteristic of snowfall and its relationship with atmospheric circulation factor in eastern Hexi corridor

YANG Xiao-ling, SUN Zhan-feng, LI Yan-ying, WANG Sheng

2021, 60(18): 36-41. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.008

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Using daily snowfall of five meteorological stations in eastern Hexi corridor during 1960—2018, spatial and temporal variation characteristics of snowfall and its relationship with atmospheric circulation were analyzed in this region with linear regression, mean square deviation and correlation coefficient method. The results showed that snowfall of eastern Hexi corridor had obvious regional characteristics, average and extreme value of snowfall was more in mountain area than in oasis plain, and that was more in oasis plain than in desert area. Snowfall of year and age also assume increasing trend except Gulang county, increasing trend of Tianzhu county was the most obvious. Snowfall was mainly in spring, autumn and winter, snowfall was increasing in spring and winter, while was decreasing in autumn. Anomaly of year snowfall was more consistent, normal years was the most, occurrence probabilities were in 62.7%~72.9%, and in turn to both ends of decline. Influences of Indian subtropical high area, western Pacific subtropical high area and east Asian trough intensity on snow in same spring, autumn and winter were the most obvious, respectively. Influences of Asia meridional circulation, northern hemisphere polar vortex intensity and east Asia trough intensity on snow in next spring and winter were the most obvious, respectively.

Analysis on the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of meteorological elements during the crop growing season in Qaidam basin from 1981 to 2018

XU Xue-lian, LEI Yu-hong, CAO Xue-feng, XU Qing-xia, QI Dong-lin, ZHU Cun-xiong, LIANG Zhi-yong, HE Sheng-lu, LI Cun-lian, LI Fan

2021, 60(18): 42-49. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.009

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The daily average temperature, rainfall, sunshine hours and wind speed of the four national meteorological stations in the growing season （april-september） from 1981 to 2018 in the Qaidam basin were used to calculate the accumulated temperature, days of accumulated temperature and frost days ≥ 0 ℃, and the relative wetter index was calculated. The results showed that the heat resources increased significantly in the growing season, the average temperature, active accumulated temperature ≥ 0 ℃ and the number of days with active accumulated temperature increased significantly, and the climate trend rate reached 0.43 ℃/10a, 77.86 ℃/10a and 0.39 d/10a, respectively. The precipitation in the growing season and the number of precipitation days showed an increasing trend with the rates of 17.08 mm/10a and 1.64 d/10a, respectively. The climatic trend rates of sunshine hours, mean wind speed and frost days were significantly reduced with -38.77 h/10a, -0.17 m/（s· 10a） and -0.71 d/10a, respectively. Crop growing season average temperature between 1991 and 1992 mutations, the temperature by relatively cold period into a relatively warm period, the temperature before and after the mutation precipitation and accumulated temperature 0 ℃ or higher activity significantly increased, sunshine time, wind and frost days decreased obviously, and rainy days, acuity 0 ℃ accumulated temperature time and relatively humid index change was not obvious.

Characteristic of antibiotics accumulation by zooplankton in Guizhou province plateau waters

XIANG Gang, YUAN Meng, DANG An-zhi, LONG Sheng-xing

2021, 60(18): 50-57. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.010

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Zooplankton were collected from Hongfeng lake, Baihua lake, Aha reservoir and Caohai wetland, antibiotics of zooplankton and water quality parameter were determined in order to understand characteristic of antibiotics accumulation by zooplankton in Guizhou province plateau waters. The results showed that the phytoplankton in Caohai wetland had a significant cumulative effect on the antibiotic sulfamethoxine, and the highest concentration was 5.07 ng/g. There were obvious seasonal differences in the concentration of antibiotics in zooplankton, which was mainly caused by the seasonal changes of zooplankton community. In addition, the enrichment of antibiotics in zooplankton was limited by the concentration of TN（total nitrogen）, TP（total phosphorus） and chlorophyll a in water, and there was a significant negative correlation between the concentration of antibiotics in zooplankton and the nutrient factors TN, TP and chlorophyll a, especially the concentration of the antibiotic erythromycin dehydrated in zooplankton.

Study on available surface water resources in karst area based on load and resistance balance：Take Liuchong river basin as an example

ZHAO Li-tao, LI Xi-nan, DONG Qian-jin

2021, 60(18): 58-62. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.011

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Taking Liuchong river basin in Bijie city of Guizhou province, China as the main research object, on the basis of the analysis of the regional water resources carrying condition, using the ecological footprint approach, the water resources carrying capacity of the Liuchong river basin is calculated. Use buckle loss method, the river basin water resources availability is calculated, and the impact of the operation of Hongjiadu hydropower station on the available water resources of Liuchong river basin is considered. The results show that the water resources carrying capacity in Liuchong river basin is good, and the available water resources is 2.451 billion cubic meters, which can provide better water resources conditions for the development of regional social economy.

Analysis and prediction of cultivated land footprint and economic decoupling in Yueyang city

YIN Wei-te, ZHANG Ya-li, YANG Xian-jun

2021, 60(18): 63-67. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.012

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The utilization of cultivated land in Yueyang city is analyzed by using ecological footprint model, Tapio decoupling model and grey prediction model. From the perspective of ecological footprint, the development of cultivated land footprint and the decoupling of agricultural output value are analyzed, and the future development is predicted. The results show that per capita ecological footprint of cultivated land in Yueyang city is high, in which the peak value of per capita ecological footprint is 0.99 hm²/people, the ecological deficit level is 0.833 hm²/people, the depth of ecological footprint is 6.3, and the footprint breadth is 0.100~0.157; The decoupling state is dominated by weak decoupling, with a frequency of 60% and a strong decoupling of 20%. The development of cultivated land is in a state of industrial development and resource pressure rising gradually. The forecast results show that the per capita ecological footprint will continue to increase, and the decoupling status is mainly weak. During the “14th five-year” period, Yueyang city needs to make continuous efforts in the high-quality development and protection of cultivated land.

Preparation of environment-friendly slow-release carbon source biofilm carrier material from agricultural and forestry wastes

YANG Lei, GUO Jun, WANG Yan, TSERING Dorje

2021, 60(18): 68-71. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.013

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An environment-friendly slow-release carbon source biofilm carrier material was prepared from agricultural and forestry wastes, wheat straw and polyethylene, and its physical properties, film-hanging properties and nutritional slow-release properties were explored. The results showed that the average strength of the carrier material was 4.5 MPa, molding pressure, thermoplastic time, straw particle size, and straw content all affected the specific gravity of the carrier material, but the specific gravity of the carrier material was less than that of water; The higher the straw content was, the greater the porosity was. The carrier material with 80% straw content had a porosity of 93.29%; The dissolution rate of organic matter in the early stage of the carrier material was small and fast, and the rate of dissolution in the middle and late stages was slowed down. The amount of organic matter dissolution reaches the peak value at 8 d. The higher the straw content was, the higher the organic content of the carrier material leaching solution was. At the peak, the organic content of the carrier material with 80% straw content was 79 mg/（L·g）. The leachate contains abundant elements required by microorganisms, free of all kinds of toxic elements, and could promote the growth of microorganisms.

Study on the treatment of aquaculture wastewater by the ultrafiltration-ammonia stripping-electrodialysis-MAP process

SHI Ya-wei, GAO Hong, LIU Yan-jie, HAN Xiu-yan, PAN Mei-lin, SONG Fan-yong, WANG Shuai, WANG Yao, GONG Yuan-jian, YANG Zhong-feng, YANG Xiao-le

2021, 60(18): 72-76. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.014

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In order to develop an efficient, reasonable and feasible method for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater, ultrafiltration-ammonia stripping-electrodialysis-MAP process was used to treat the wastewater from a chicken in Yantai, Shandong province. The results showed that the concentrations of COD, phosphate, and total phosphorus in the water samples decreased to different degrees after ultrafiltration, by 72%, 37% and 39%, respectively; Ammonia stripping process had a good effect on the removal of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater, the removal efficiency was >99%, and the final concentration was 60 mg/L. The desalting rate of electrodialysis was over 86%; Finally, magnesium ammonium phosphate （MAP） crystallization method was used to recover phosphorus from the aquaculture wastewater, and the recovery rate of phosphorus reached 93.7%.

Antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of Acacia confusa

PANG Hao-yuan

2021, 60(18): 77-81. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.015

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The antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of Acacia confusa and its different extraction parts were studied. Ultrasonic extraction was used to extract the components of Acacia confusa, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts against 11 phytopathogenic fungi was determined by the mycelial growth rate method, and the extracts against 14 species of animals pathogenic bacteria were determined by the liquid medium dilution method and the filter paper method. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined by liquid-liquid extraction to preliminarily separate the antimicrobial active ingredients and determine the antibacterial activity of each extract. The results showed that the methanol extract of Acacia confusa has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. At a concentration of 10.0 g/L, it had inhibitory activity against 8 kinds of plant pathogenic fungi and 9 kinds of animal pathogenic bacteria. Among them, the inhibitory rate against Brassica oleracea, Exserohilum turcicum and Ceratocystis paradoxa reached more than 89.55%, and the minimum inhibitory concentration against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Shigella dysenteriae was 1.0 g/L; Acacia confusa had inhibitory effects on plant pathogenic fungi and animal pathogenic bacteria, and the action parts were n-butanol and ethyl acetate.

Biological characterization and pathogen identification of Polygonatum odoratum root rot in Liaoning province

LI Xiao-li, SUN Wen-song, LIU Ying, LI Ling, ZHANG Tian-jing

2021, 60(18): 82-85. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.016

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To identify the pathogen of Polygonatum odoratum root rot and clarify its biological characteristics in Liaoning province, which the pathogenic strains were isolated, purified and cultured. Based on pathogenicity tests, combining with morphological observation and extension factor （EF1-α） sequence analysis, the kinds of pathogenic strains were clarified and the biological characteristics of pathogen were systematically studied. The results indicated that the pathogen was identified as Fusarium oxysporum, which the optimum medium for pathogen growth was potato dextrose agar （PDA）, the carbon source and nitrogen source was mannitol and potassium nitrate, respectively. The temperature was 25~30 ℃, pH was 5~7, and the light condition was completely dark.

Study on annual pesticide control model of Empoasca vitis under dynamic monitoring in Yunnan black tea area

LI Jin-long, YU Xiang-shuai, LUO Mei-yun, LONG Ya-qin, LUO Zi-wen, CHEN Lin-bo, WANG Yun-gang

2021, 60(18): 86-91. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.017

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Combined with the annual dynamic monitoring of Empoasca vitis （Gothe） in tea garden of Fengqing county of Yunnan province, four green prevention and control modes were used to study the prevention and control effect of Empoasca vitis （Gothe） in tea garden, and the cost was calculated. Two times of botanical biological pesticides and one time of chemical pesticides were used to prevent and control the Empoasca vitis （Gothe） in tea garden on June 16, June 24 and July 22, respectively. The results showed that the prevention and control model was pruning + stone sulfur mixture garden sealing+blue board+biological pesticide （450 times dilution of 0.6% rotenone）+chemical pesticide （1 000 times dilution of 6% ethyl doxycycline）. Under this mode of control, the average correction control effect of 7 days after three times of treatment were 78.85%, 64.650% and 76.20%, respectively, and which increased by 25.11, 41.63 and 22.68 percentage points compared with conventional control, respectively. Compared with conventional control, the output value increased by 2 100 yuan/hm², and the ratio of output to investment was 14.6.

Isolation and screening of antagonistic bacteria and its active substance against tobacco bacterial wilt

TANG Ming-qiang, LIN Tian-ran, LI Xiao-fang, ZHOU Xiao-qin, ZENG Wen-long, LIN Xiao-lu, PENG Shui-lian

2021, 60(18): 92-96. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.018

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The antagonistic bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy tobacco plants by plate inhibition circle method, and the morphological culture observation, physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequences were compared and analyzed. The results showed that 9 strains of antagonistic bacteria were isolated, among which strain FQ-7 had the strongest antibacterial activity, with the diameter of antibacterial zone reaching 16.3 mm. The strain FQ-7 was identified as Streptomyces violaceolatus. The strain was facultative aerobic, negative in contact enzyme and methyl red test; It could decompose starch and casein while showing tolerance to NaCl with the fastest growth rate at 10 g/L; It could use maltose, mannitol, glucose and sucrose while could not use lactose, sweet alcohol, sorbitol and cellobiose; Antibacterial substances from strain FQ-7 were subjected to lipophilic compounds dissolved in ethyl acetate; The relative inhibition activity maintained 88.51%~95.40%, 86.52%~99.88% and 85.52%~91.05% under different proceeding conditions of various temperature（40~121 ℃）, pH （2.0~8.0） and UV irradiation （30~120 min UV exposure time with 8 W lamp）, respectively.

Analysis on seed yield and quality in the second-generation seed orchard of Cunninghamia lanceolata

CHENG Lin, CHEN Xiao-ming, TAN Wen-jing, LAN Xiao, CHEN Qin, CHEN Dai-xi, DAI Jun, HUANG Kai-yong, LIANG Ji, JIA Sheng-qiang, MO Shao-feng, HUANG Yong-xin

2021, 60(18): 97-100. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.019

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In order to explore the variation law of seed growth of different clones in the second-generation seed orchard of Cunninghamia lanceolata, 22 clones were used as experimental materials to study the main yield and quality evaluation indexes of 9 varieties. The results showed that there were significant differences in seed yield and quality among clones, and there was a certain correlation between each index. The average cone yield, cone length, cone width, fruit shape index, seed yield, excellent degree, germination rate, 1 000-grain weight and astringency rate of Cunninghamia lanceolata were 1.71 kg, 27.27 mm,1.12,24.40 mm, 0.16 kg, 73.88%, 35.21%, 7.01 g and 19.45%, respectively. Cluster analysis showed that 22 clones were divided into 4 groups at 13 euclidean distances. Group I had the best performance, including 8 clones ED4, ED14, ED3, ED8, ED19, ED17, ED16 and ED12. The average cone yield, cone length, cone width, fruit shape index, seed yield, excellent degree, germination rate, 1000-grain weight and astringency rate of these clones were 1.86 kg, 28.50 mm, 1.10,25.84 mm, 0.18 kg, 74.67%, 47.50%, 8.273 g and 18.42%, respectively. The yield and quality traits of cone and seed can be used as an important index for germplasm selection of Cunninghamia lanceolata. The excellent clones were selected as the optimal germplasm materials of Cunninghamia lanceolata.

Study on dust retention ability of 20 commonly used green tree species

YAN Qian, XU Li-shuai, DUAN Yong-hong

2021, 60(18): 101-105. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.020

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In order to explore the dust retention ability and influencing factors of different plant leaves, 20 species were selected as the research object in Shanxi Agricultural University in Jinzhong area. The amount of dust retention of leaves was measured by wash standing method, and the influence of leaf morphology parameters and leaf surface microstructure on dust retention ability were analyzed to reveal the influencing mechanism. The results indicate that, according to the dust retention capability, 20 species of plants can be divided into three classes. Euonymus japonicus Thumb., Styphnolobium japonicum （L.） Schott and Cotoneaster multiflorus Bge. have the highest dust retention ability with an average dust retention capability of 1.49 g/m², followed by another 12 species such as Forsythia suspensa ‘Aurea', Rhus typhina, Sorbaria kirilowii （Regel） Maxim., and so on, with an average of 0.81 g/m², and the last five species Viburnum opulus subsp. calvescens （Rehder） Sugimoto, Yulania biondii （Pamppanini） D.L.Fu, Styphnolobium japonicum f. ‘pendula', and so on, have the lowest dust retention capability 0.50 g/m²; There is a significant positive correlation between leaf morphology （long axis, short axis, average leaf area） and dust retention amount of a single leaf at 0.01 significance level, but there is no significant correlation between leaf morphology and dust retention capability of per unit area; The leaf surface of tree species has rough structures such as moderate length of villi, moderate width and depth of grooves, protrusions or pores, which are beneficial to dust retention, and the dust retention ability of tree species is proportional to the density of rough structures. It can be seen that the dust retention ability of different species is significantly different, and the leaf morphology and leaf surface microstructure are the key factors affecting the dust retention amount of the leaf surface.

Study on cutting propagation of Tutcheria championii base on orthogonal experiment method

LU Qi-feng, LUO Wen-hua

2021, 60(18): 106-109. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.021

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In order to select the suitable treatment for Tutcheria championii cutting propagation,the effects of plant growth regulator types, concentration and substrates on Tutcheria championii cutting propagation were studied using orthogonal experimental design and membership function method. The result showed that the plant growth regulator types, concentration and substrates had significant effects on rooting rate of cutting propagation. The comprehensive analysis of membership function method showed that when the exogenous growth regulator was 100 mg/L IBA and the matrix was yellow soil and sand（the volume ratio of yellow soil and sand was 2:1）, the cutting effect of Tutcheria championii was the best.

Effects of different rotation models on yield and quality of two edible fungi

CHEN Li-hua, ZHANG Yu, LIU Yang, PENG Jun-wei

2021, 60(18): 110-114. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.022

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In order to improve production decline problem of Dictyophora spp. monoculture, Dictyophora indusiata （Vent. Pers.） Fisch. and Morchella vulgaris were chose as experimental materials, and five rotation models were conducted, including D. indusiata monoculture, M. vulgaris monoculture, D. indusiata-M. vulgaris rotation, D. indusiata-Brassica oleracea L. rotation and M . vulgaris- Capsicum annuum L. rotation. The yield and quality indexes of D. indusiata and M. vulgaris per unit area were determined for 3 consecutive years. The results showed that rotation can partly improve the yield and quality of D. indusiata and M. vulgaris when compared with monoculture treatment. Among the five treatment, the comprehensive performance of D. indusiata and M. vulgaris was the best in D. indusiata-M. vulgaris rotation. In this rotation model, compared with the monoculture, the yield, the number of fruit-bodies per unit area and the weight of single fungus of D. indusiata in the second and third year increased significantly. Furthermore, the pileus fresh weight, the fungus height, the stipe diameter and the length of reticulation significantly increased simultaneously. The ash content, crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber of D. indusiata under the same rotation model also increased slightly （no significant difference） than that of monoculture. In the second and third year under D. indusiata-M. vulgaris rotation model, the yield, the weight of single fungus and the number of fruit-bodies per unit area of M. vulgaris increased significantly when compared to the monoculture, respectively, and the ash content, crude fat and crude fiber content of M. vulgaris increased significantly when compared to the monoculture. The pileus length and diameter of the third year increased when compared to the monoculture. The ratio of pileus to stipe of M. vulgaris under the same rotation model was greatly increased. Under D. indusiata-M. vulgaris rotation, the morphology and quality of M. vulgaris were significantly improved.

Genetic diversity analysis of tomato varieties based on phenotypic traits

HE Run-ming, LI Zhen-xing, GUO Han-quan, HUANG Zhi-wen, TIAN Yong-hong, SHEN Ying, LIU Hong-biao

2021, 60(18): 115-120. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.023

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Coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on 15 quality traits and 8 quantitative traits of 95 tomato resources. Analysis of the following conclusions,the phenotypic traits of the resources showed rich genetic diversity; Among the quality traits, the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index was pericarp color at mature （1.235）;The compound leaf length （2.087） and plant height （2.079） were higher quantitative traits, and the highest variation coefficient was single fruit weight （128.6%）. There was a complexinterrelation between traits. The cumulative contribution rate of the first 7 principal components was 76.71%, which contained most of the genetic information of all traits. Based on phenotypic traits, the 95 resources were divided into 5 groups at genetic distances of 5 by the method of intergroup clustering. Group 1 contained 35 resources, which were characterized by high plant height, large single fruit quality and infinite growth habit; Group 4 contained 44 cultivars, and the main characteristics were low fruit weight and high fruit shape index.

ffects of fermented Chinese medicine microecological preparations on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets

HE Wei-min, LI Xiao-wen, KUANG Shi-chang, WANG Chun, LI Kun, WANG Xi-liang, XIAO Yun-cai, LI Zi-li, ZHOU Zu-tao

2021, 60(18): 121-124. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.024

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Aiming to study the effects of fermented traditional Chinese medicine microecological preparations on the growth performance, blood biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets. 120 piglets （Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire） weaned at 23 days of age were divided into four groups randomly, with three replicates in each group and ten piglets in each replicate, i.e. control group （basic diet）, antibiotic group （basicdiet+0.075 g/kg chlortetracycline, 0.015 g/kg enramycin and 0.1 g/kg olaquindox）, test group Ⅰ（basicdiet+0.3% fermented Chinese medicine and 0.15 g/kg Bacillus subtilis TL） and test group Ⅱ（basicdiet+0.3% fermented Chinese medicine and 0.3 g/kg Bacillus subtilis TL）, 30 days trial period. The results showed that the average daily gain of test group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of control group （P<0.01）, the feed to gain ratio （F/G） of test group Ⅰ was significantly different from that of control group （P<0.05）, The diarrhea rate of test group Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly lower than that of antibiotic group （P<0.01）. Compared with control group and antibiotic group, the serum ALB and GLU in the test group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher（P<0.05）, the content of serum TG in test group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly lower （P<0.05）. Compared with antibiotic group, the levels of GSH-Px and SOD in blood of test group Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly higher, and MDA content significantly lower. It can be seen that microecological preparation of Chinese medicine agents could improve growth performance, reduce diarrhea rate, enhance immune function and improve antioxidant capacity.

Effects of three different processed products of Radix codonopsis on the intestinal flora of rats with spleen deficiency

WEI Lu, MA Xiu-mei, QIN Shu-xian, ZHONG Wen, TAN Yu-ping, QIN Dan

2021, 60(18): 125-127. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.025

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A rat model of spleen deficiency was established by the method of purging the bitter cold from rhubarb, the regulating effect of three different processed products of Radix codonopsis on the intestinal flora of rats with spleen deficiency were observed. The normal group, model group, Radix codonopsis group, Mi Radix codonopsis group, and honey Radix codonopsis group were set up,and continuously give corresponding drugs to detect the changes in the number of intestinal flora before and after the experiment. Results showed that the number of intestinal flora of rats in the normal group and the model group did not change significantly; after the rats of the Mi Radix codonopsis group were successfully modeled, the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the intestine increased, and the number of Escherichia coli and staphylococcus decreased; Radix codonopsis after the rats in the raw product group and the Radix codonopsis group were administered, the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the intestinal tract increased, and the number of Escherichia coli and staphylococcus decreased compared with the number of Radix codonopsis group, returning to near normal levels. The three different processed products of Radix codonopsis have obvious regulating effect on the intestinal flora of rats with spleen deficiency, and the regulating effect of Radix codonopsis on spleen deficiency rats was better than that of raw Radix codonopsis and honey Radix codonopsis.

Study on extraction and purification process of total saponins of Codonopsis tanshen Oliv.

ZHANG Mei-li, XIE Zhuo-liang, SONG Ya-hui, XIN Qin-yan, YU Lan

2021, 60(18): 128-132. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.026

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The ethanol reflux extraction method was used to investigate the effects of different extraction temperature, material-to-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration and extraction time on the extraction rate of total saponins of Codonopsis tanshen Oliv.. The orthogonal test was used to optimize the extraction process conditions, and a suitable macroporous adsorptive resin was screened to purify the total saponins. The results showed that the best process conditions for reflux extraction of the total saponins of Codonopsis tanshen Oliv. were：Extraction temperature was 70 ℃, material-to-liquid ratio was 1:25, ethanol concentration was 70%, extraction time was 90 min. Under this process condition, the extraction rate of total saponins was 2.15%. HPD-100 type macroporous adsorptive resin had the best adsorption performance for the total saponins of Codonopsis tanshen Oliv.. The best purification conditions were：The concentration of the sample solution was 5 mg/mL, the eluent was 70% ethanol. Under this purification condition, the purity of total saponinis was 90.69%. The extraction and purification process has simple operation, low required cost and strong feasibility, which can provide theoretical reference for the industrial development of Codonopsis tanshen Oliv.

Experimental research on the separation of L-serine by ion exchange method

ZHENG Gui-hua, LI Shi-yao, ZHANG Ting, CUI Xiong, ZHANG Wen-hao, SUN Jing, QIU Cheng

2021, 60(18): 133-136. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.027

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By studying the adsorption and desorption ability of four different kinds of ion exchange resins named 201×7, AB-8, D301R and DAION PA312 to L-serine, the better resin named DAION PA312 was selected, and the best adsorption and desorption process parameters were also determined. Adsorption conditionsThe sample solution pH=9, the adsorption time was 20min, the actual exchange capacity was 94.25 mg/g; Desorption conditionsEluent was 0.2mol/L of phosphate buffer solution （pH=5）, elution flow rate was 0.4 mL/min. The results showed that DAION PA312 had a high adsorption amount and lower adsorption time, which was suitable for the separation and purification of L-serine.

Study on effect of Houttuynia cordata extract on the grape preservation

ZENG Xiao-ying, TAN Yan-ping, CHEN Feng-mei, LIU Huai, QIN Yan-jiao, YAN Chun-lan

2021, 60(18): 137-140. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.028

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Taking Kyoho grapes as the experimental material, the grapes were treated with houttuynia cordata extract at concentrations of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL respectively. The effect of houttuynia cordata extract on the preservation of Kyoho grapes was assessed by changes in indicators of the weight loss rate, vitamin C content, titratable acid content and soluble solid content. The results showed that houttuynia cordata extract treatment could effectively slow the decrease of water, vitamin C content, and titrate acid and soluble solid content during storage, which reduced the loss of nutritional value and prolonged the shelf life of grape.

Study on preparation of persimmon juice drinks

HU Hong-chao, SHEN Yong-xian, SHU Xu-gang, JIANG Xu-hong, LIU Zhan-mei

2021, 60(18): 141-145. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.029

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Taking Gongcheng persimmon as the raw material, it was processed into persimmon juice using targeted techniques and formula. In order to maintain the better flavor and taste of persimmon juice, inhibit the browning of the juice during storage, the best formula of persimmon juice drinks were determined through response surface analysisThe addition amount of soybean protein was 3.50%, the addition amount of color enhancer was 0.50‰, the addition amount of color retention agent was 1.89‰, and the addition amount of stabilizer was 1.08‰. According to this formula, the persimmon juice drinks presented the orange-yellow, with clear color, no layering and no precipitation, delicate and soft taste, moderate sweetness, rich persimmon flavor and slight astringency.

Application of grey multiple regression model in optimizing the absorption performance of venturi fertilizer

GUO Hong-jie, MA De-xin

2021, 60(18): 146-150. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.030

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In order to effectively improve the working performance of the venturi fertilizer applicator, related experiments were carried out on the commonly used venturi fertilizer applicator, using the Bernoulli equation as the basic calculation equation, and the pressure difference, inlet flow ratio, fertilizer liquid concentration were analyzed by gray correlation theory. The effect of the mass fraction of fertilizer solution on the performance of venturi fertilizer absorption, and then multiple regression analysis of each influencing factor to establish an optimized prediction model for the amount of fertilizer absorbed by the venturi fertilizer. The test results showed that the pressure difference was between 0.02 and 0.12 MPa under the interval, the order of the influence of various factors on the amount of fertilizer absorption of the Venturi fertilizer applicator wereMass fraction of fertilizer liquid, pressure difference, inlet flow ratio, concentration of fertilizer solution, and the prediction equation of the amount of fertilizer absorption of the venturi fertilizer applicator was Y=-0.565 8-76.151 2X₁+1.254 3X₂+138.504 2X₃+1.992 5X₄.

Quality traceability technology of container bulk grain based on block chain

LIU Shen, DONG Ting-ting, CHEN Zhao-an, WANG Ren-hai, PENG Yuan, ZHANG Hu-cheng, ZHANG Fu-lin, ZHANG Dong-hui

2021, 60(18): 151-155. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.031

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A bulk grain quality traceability technology based on blockchain was proposed. Based on the bulk grain container quality traceability business of “North grain to South transportation”, facing the business flow and logistics links, the storage identification code and flow data acquisition and processing technology were applied. The bulk grain container was taken as a unit, and the storage status, sealing status and logistics status were coded according to the unified rules. Combined with the transaction workload accounting, transaction information release verification and storage of blockchain technology, the accounting was completed and of the traceability platform block was released finally.

Industrial automation security analysis based on distributed Internet of things

WANG Jian-chun, HU Xiao-jin

2021, 60(18): 156-160. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.032

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With the continuous expansion of computing and communication functions of modern embedded platform, the development of reconfigurable manufacturing system based on Internet of things technology. Based on the control interpretive Petri net （CIPN）, the CIPN model of industrial IoT controller is transformed into TPN model, which was coupled with the factory and security aware channel model. The system level security performance verification was realized in the network-based attack. The model was evaluated in a practical application case studywhen an attack occurs, the message can be blocked after picking up the workpiece from the soaking pool by enabling carrier transmission on the transceiver. The applicability of the developed safety automation framework in distributed pneumatic manipulator was proved.

Analysis of watershed governance issues in China and the Yangtze River Protection law

HUANG Ya-ping, JIN Hao

2021, 60(18): 161-165. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.033

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Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has paid more attention to water management and watershed ecological environment management, and has also put forward higher requirements. In the process of watershed protection and management in China, there are still some problems, such as management issues, law enforcement issues and the most important legal issues. As the first specific law about watershed in China, the Yangtze River Protection Law of the People's Republic of China （hereinafter referred to as the Yangtze River Protection Law） pays a very important role. It responds to some problems in governance practice, and it has some innovative approaches. However, there are still some watershed issues and details that need to be further sorted out, identified and adjusted. At the same time, the Yangtze River Protection Law is the “higher-level law” and it also needs to be further develop ed with corresponding “lower-level law”. The subjects involved in the Yangtze River Protection Law should also make corresponding arrangements and implement relevant systems as soon as possible.By exploring watershed governance issues in China and the specific provisions of the Yangtze River Protection Law, in order to provide theoretical reference for watershed governance work.

Research on promotion of apple industry in Yan'an city based on SWOT analysis

LU Dong-ning, YANG Ni

2021, 60(18): 166-169. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.034

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Yan'an city is one of the regions that meet the seven indicators of the suitable apple growing areas in the world. In recent years, the economy has been rising in Yan'an city. As the pillar industry of Yan'an city, agricultural industry plays a leading role, and apple industry has also gradually become the main industry of increasing farmers' income. The SWOT analysis method was used to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of apple industry development in Yan'an city. It was found that there were some problems, such as low yield per unit area, single variety, seasonal shortage of labor force and low natural disaster prevention ability. Combined with the actual development situation of apple industry in Yan'an city, some suggestions were put forward,which including giving full play to regional advantages to expand brand effect, using technological advantages to incr ease the market share of apple juice, paying attention to technological innovation to develop green products, establishing a scientific disaster prevention system to ensure apple quality, promoting the orchard mechanization to improve production efficiency, paying attention to market demand to optimize variety structure, and avoiding risks to improve farmers' awareness of disaster resistance, in order to provide theoretical basis for apple industry development in Yan'an city.

Study on the efficiency and spatial pattern of tourism poverty alleviation in Zunyi city

SHI Wen-tao, WANG Ding, MA Yan-lin, ZHOU Lin-rong

2021, 60(18): 170-173. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.035

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Tourism poverty alleviation is one of the effective ways to overcome poverty, and the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation is an important indicator to measure the effectiveness of tourism poverty alleviation. DEA model was used to measure the tourism poverty alleviation efficiency of 14 counties （cities, districts） in Zunyi city, and its spatial distribution characteristics were discussed with the help of ArcGIS software. The results showed that the average efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation of 14 counties （cities, districts） in Zunyi city was 0.475, it was at the middle and low level as a whole, which had great development poten tial. According to the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation, the 14 counties （cities, districts） in Zunyi city were divided into three types：High efficiency area, medium efficiency area and low efficiency area. On the whole, the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in Zunyi city presented a spatial pattern of “large dispersion and small agglomeration”.

Empirical study on the periodic difference of influencing factors in the cultivation of new professional farmers

ZHAO Jing, XU Xiu-mei

2021, 60(18): 174-178. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.036

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The important role of new professional farmers cultivation project is becoming increasingly prominent in rural revitalization. Based on the questionnaire survey and interview of the new professional farmers in Shandong province, two multi-classified Logit regressions with different reference levels were used to explore the influencing factors in the cultivation of new professional farmers. The results showed that the main influencing factors of the new professional farmers showed the periodic difference in different development periods. In the initial period, the main influencing factors were the use of new species or the renewal of species, non-agricultural employment experience, agricultural favorable policies or project support;In the middle period,the main influencing factors were the brand awareness, the training of new professional farmers, marketing and management level;In the mature period, the main influencing factors were the farm infrastructure equipment or facilities, marketing and land area. In view of different development periods,relevant suggestions were put forward from the perspective of precise cultivation and classified policies, in order to better cultivate the new professional farmers and help the rural rejuvenation and development.

On the public welfare reinforcement of land expropriation tract development

LI Yi-heng, WU Xin-xin

2021, 60(18): 179-184. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.037

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The weakening of public welfare of land expropriation tract development increases the risk of local governments abusing the expropriation power,endangers the legitimate rights and interests of the farmers,and “squeezes” the applicable space of the collective construction land market system. In order to avoid blocking the process of national economic and social development and urbanization, this paper used normative analysis method and literature research method to compare the“Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Land Expropriation Standards for Tract Development”published by provincial government,sumed up the tract development into expansion type and limitation type,expounded the weakening phenomenon of the public welfare of tract development. This paper analyzed the potential legal risks of the weakening of public welfare, and embedded the land expropriation tract development system in the public and private interests balance framework, put forward targeted legal reinforcement recommendations,in order to promote urbanization construction and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the expropriated farmers to provide help.

Study on impact path of climate change risk response perception in southern Shaanxi

XUE Si-wen, ZHOU Qi

2021, 60(18): 185-192. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.038

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Based on 819 survey data of Southern Shaanxi, the structural equation model was established to analyze the influencing factors and action paths of climate change risk response perception in Southern Shaanxi. The results showed that perception of climate change effect, human-earth concept, education level, climate change concern degree, perception of industrial structure adjustment impacted response status. People's concept of man-land and risk affect people's perception of climate change response by influencing their perception of the causes of climate change. There were 19 pathways and 9 causal pathways for climate change risk response in Southern Shaanxi. The path model was spatially different. The unmediated path model was showed in Hanzhong city and Shangluo city, the mediated path model was showed in Ankang city, which was consistent with the whole Southern Shaanxi region. Based on th e geographical detector and structural equation model path, the key factors influencing climate change risk perception in Southern Shaanxi were explored, some suggestions were put forward to improve the level of climate change risk response perception.

Analysis of agricultural cooperation and strategy between China and Laos based on SWOT framework

WEI Mi1， WU Quan-qing， ZHANG Xiao-chuan， SHEN Yao-yang， YANG Feng-chang， WEN Guo-quan

2021, 60(18): 193-197. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.039

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The in-depth study on agricultural cooperation between China and Laos could provide a theoretical basis for the long-term development of agricultural cooperation between the two countries and promote the realization of regional economic prosperity and development. Using the SWOT analysis method， from the perspective of strengths， weaknesses， opportunities and challenges， this paper analyzed the important factors in China-Laos agricultural cooperation， such as resources， culture， environment， demand， policy and development system. Based on the above analysis， the paper put forward four strategies， the first was to expand the scale of Laos rice production and strengthen the construction of agriculture demonstration park， ensure the cooperation and support border rubber planting， the second was to build sustainable modern agricultural production management system， actively respond to Laos environmental protection demands， the third was to be preferred in relatively perfect infrastructure construction cooperation， promote cooperation and deepen cooperation in the areas the connotation， the fourth was to implement comprehensive agricultural cooperation projects as a whole， and encourage enterprises to make innovation cooperation mode.

Research on the effective connection between overall poverty alleviation and rural revitalization under the path of rural tourism in Guangxi

WANG Xiao, LI Xing-qun, WEN Jun

2021, 60(18): 198-200. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.040

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Rural tourism was a powerful starting point for poverty alleviation in Guangxi, and a new way to effectively connect poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in Guangxi. Based on the research on the actual development of rural tourism in Guangxi, this paper put forward the feasibility of the effective connection between the achievements of rural tourism boosting poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and put forward corresponding solutions to the existing problems, in order to provided reference for the rural revitalization of Guangxi.

Research on the path of artistic rural construction from the perspective of rural revitalization strategy

WU Di

2021, 60(18): 201-203. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.041

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Artistic rural construction was an important way to promote rural spiritual civilization. This study analyzed the development background of art rural construction, and put forward the path of art rural construction from the perspective of rural revitalization strategy, in order to promoted the effective development of art rural construction and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy.

Discussion on the construction of “internet+healthcare” mode in rural under the background of rural revitalization strategy

LAN Qiao-si, LU Rui-hong, LIANG Rong, HUANG Ya-fen, CHEN Xiang, TAO Pin-yue, SHI Meng-xi, LEI Zhuo-qing

2021, 60(18): 204-206. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.042

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Under the background of rural revitalization, in order to provide more convenient,efficient,diverse and high-quality healthcare services to the general public, China has gradually begun to promote and apply the joint mode of internet and medical services, realize the optimal allocation of healthcare resources, innovate the types of medical services, improve the me dical experience of rural patients and help to build the “Healthy China 2030”. Based on the current analysis of “internet+healthcare” mode, the practical value of its joint application was explored, the construction measures of rural “internet+healthcare” mode under the background of rural revitalization strategy were put forward, in order to provide reference for the sustainable development of rural medical services in China.

Research on the knowledge transfer function of university library under the background of rural revitalization strategy

HE Jian-xin

2021, 60(18): 207-211. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.043

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Taking the knowledge transfer of agricultural science and technology demonstration base in universities as an example, this paper explored the function of university library in providing knowledge transfer service to farmers by using empirical research method. Based on the analysis of the knowledge transfer system of agricultural science and technology demonstration base facing farmers and the knowledge transfer mode of agricultural science and technology demonstration base facing farmers, this paper analyzed the function of knowledge transfer of university library in agricultural science and technology demonstration base of university. In this way, the empirical research method can be used to explore the knowledge transfer function of university libraries facing farmers in the process of rural revitalization, and the knowledge transfer function of university libraries could be better exerted.

Research on construction of long-term governance mechanism for relative poverty under the background of rural revitalization strategy

MA Li, WANG Guang-bin

2021, 60(18): 212-216. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.044

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Under the background of rural revitalization strategy,the relative poverty problems caused by unbalanced and inadequate development in China have become the focus of poverty governance after 2020. This study pointed out that there was a coupling between rural revitalization and relative poverty governance, and analyzed the demarcation of relative poverty standards and the practical experience of poverty governance in some provinces at home and abroad, put forward the long-term governance mechanism for relative poverty, which including building the monitoring mechanism for poverty prevention, relative poverty identification mechanism, industrial poverty control mechanism, urban and rural integration development mechanism and perfect the social security mechanism, in order to provide reference for the governance of relative poverty under the background of rural revitalization strategy.

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