HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

LIU Wen-jun, LI Jin-Zhou, CHEN Zi-jun, HUANG Zhou-yan, CHEN Yong

2021, 60(14): 5-9. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.001

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Procyanidins has been widely used in medicine, health care products, cosmetics and other fields, this article mainly summarized the extraction technology of procyanidin, separation and purification technology, the content determination method and the progress of pharmacological activities, etc, to lay a good foundation for the related study of procyanidins.

Progress in research on influenza A virus universal vaccines based on HA

MENG Wei, ZHANG Lei, HUANG Jin-hai

2021, 60(14): 10-16. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.002

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Influenza viruses pose a serious threat to human and animal health due to the strong infectivity, wide spread, short incubation period, and high incidence. The current seasonal vaccine can only prevent the infection of influenza viruses of the same subtype, and are unable to provide effective protection for different subtypes of influenza viruses. Therefore, the development of a universal influenza vaccine that can provide broadly protection has become the focus of current influenza vaccine research. This article will briefly introduce the various preparation methods of the current universal influenza vaccine and review the current research progress of the hemagglutinin-based （HA-based） universal vaccine.

Study on the effect of mulch material on the yield and quality of continuous cropping pattern of potato and cotton

LIU Wei-sheng, WU Qi, WEI Li-fei, ZENG Xiao-lin, WU Zhen-jiang, SHI Juan-juan, WEI Hai-xia, CAO Rui-qun, XIONG Xin-min

2021, 60(14): 17-23. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.003

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Four different mulch material combinations including black plastic film, black plastic film+straw, white plastic film and white plastic film+straw were used in the potato-cotton continuous cropping mode for experimental comparison. By analyzing the effects of four different mulch material combinations on the agronomic traits, commercial traits and yield traits of potato and cotton were analyzed, and the economic, ecological and social benefits of the potato+cotton continuous cropping mode with different mulch material combinations were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the combination of black mulch+straw had obvious advantages in improving the growth environment of potato, increasing the yield and quality of potato, improving the physical and chemical indexes of cotton planting soil, improving the fiber quality of cotton and increasing the yield of cotton.

Study on comprehensive evaluation of summer peanut based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis

GUO Kai, JIANG Xiang-guo, LI Hong-mei, CAI Jin-lan

2021, 60(14): 24-28. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.004

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In order to objectively and accurately evaluate the adaptability of 11 peanut varieties planted in summer in northern Hubei, the agronomic traits, growth period, yield traits and quality traits were investigated, the adaptability was evaluated by principal component analysis. The results showed that, accumulated variance contribution of the top 6 factors reached 90.064%, based on this, an adaptive comprehensive evaluation model was constructed. The suitable summer planting in northern Hubei province with high comprehensive score was selected, including Zhonghua 16, Tianfu 22, Ningtai 9922, Zhonghua 215 and Xianghua 645. The cluster analysis of 11 varieties was divided into 3 groups,there were great differences in agronomic traits between groups, and the first group was basically consistent with the higher score of principal component analysis. Comprehensive results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis can make a more accurate evaluation. It is conducive to the variety introduction and selection.

Discussion on the correction coefficient threshold of volumetric water content in Hubei automatic soil moisture station

LIU Yin-xiu, CHEN Ning, LIU Ying, KUANG Xiao-wei

2021, 60(14): 29-36. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.005

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Using some soil moisture and rainfall data in Jianli county and Fang county, the unreasonable values of the correction coefficients of the two stations were diagnosed and analyzed. According to certain rules, the initial value range of the threshold value of the two coefficients A₀ and A₁ were determined. According to the observation data of artificial soil moisture in Hubei province over the years, the “volatility of volumetric moisture content” at different levels was calculated. Interpolate the CLDAS soil volumetric water content hourly simulation grid data for one and a half years to 46 automatic soil moisture sites and 8 levels in Hubei province. Calculate the correlation coefficient r2 between the instrument measured value and the CLDAS of all the observation stations （layers） hourly volumetric water content and the correlation coefficient r1 between the instrument measured value and the final value. Picking the data with r1>0.8, r2>0.6 and the final value of the volumetric water content within the “volatility range of volumetric water content” as a basis to obtain the empirical value ranges of the two coefficient thresholds in Hubei province. The negative value of A₁ violates the working principle of the DZN series of soil moisture stations, and A₁ cannot be too small. In general, the initial value range of the two coefficient thresholds were A₀ （-36, 36） and A₁ （0.1, 10）. The empirical value range of the two coefficient thresholds in Hubei province was reduced to A₀ （-20, 35） and A₁ （0.25, 1.57）. In the field calibration method, ensuring the true reliability of the soil bulk density value as a constant can reduce the error in calculating the correction coefficients A₀ and A₁.

Bacterial diversity effected by intercropping peach trees in pomegranate wilt disease soil

ZHOU Yin-li, XIONG Lang, CHEN Yong-ling, PENG Meng-lin, YANG Wei, HU Xian-qi

2021, 60(14): 37-40. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.006

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High-throughput sequencing was used to study the rhizosphere soil bacteria diversity of healthy pomegranate rhizosphere soil（MZ）, wilt disease pomegranate rhizosphere soil （MZD） and wilt disease pomegranate soil intercropping peach trees（MZP） in Mengzi county of Yunnan province, and the bacteria diversity differences of three kinds rhizosphere soil were analyzed to explore the effect of intercropping peach trees on soil bacterial diversity of pomegranate wilt. The results showed that the OTUs numbers obtained from MZD、MZ、MZP were 1 727,1 662,1 510, respectively, PCA analysis showed that the bacterial community composition of rhizosphere soil MZP was significantly different from that of rhizosphere soil samples MZD. Intercropping peach trees can significantly change the bacteria composition of wilt disease pomegranate rhizosphere soil. At genus level, 16 bacteria genus such as Enterococcus, Cellulosimicrobium, Actinomycetospora, Rhodoplanesa et al were significant difference between pomegranate wilt disease soil intercropping peach trees and pomegranate wilt disease soil rhizosphere. Intercropping peach trees can change the rhizosphere bacterial diversity and community composition of wilt pomegranate, thus improving the soil microecological balance, it had positive effect on perennial pomegranate orchard to repair continuous cropping obstacle.

Effect of mixed application of biochar and compound fertilizer in different amounts on quality and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco

XIA Rong-shuai, CAI Xian-jie, XIA Xian-ren, LI Xian-cai, MA Ai-guo, LYU Shi-bao, WEI Qi-li, WANG Rui-bao, PAN Yi-hong, YAN Ding

2021, 60(14): 41-45. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.007

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Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of four different biochar application rates and conventional fertilization controls on the quality and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Xuanwei tobacco growing area. The results showed that the additional application of biochar can improve the physical properties, appearance quality, chemical composition coordination and sensory evaluation quality of tobacco leaves to varying degrees. Among them, T2（application rate of 900 kg/hm²） had a better effect on physical properties and appearance quality. Compared with CK （conventional fertilization）, it increased by 4.64% and 2.59%, respectively. T3（application rate of 1 350 kg/hm²） had the best improvement in chemical composition coordination and sensory evaluation quality, increasing by 20.19% and 5.26%, respectively, and the overall quality was the highest, 7.62% higher than CK. T3 had the best economic benefit, and the output value reached 59 995.80 yuan per hectare, and the grade structure was the best. In summary, the best biochar application rate was 1 350 kg/hm², the comprehensive quality of tobacco leaves was the best, and the economic benefits was the highest in Xuanwei city tobacco growing area.

Study on the inhibition and control effect of compound amendment on cadmium pollution in rice and soil

LI Xiao-peng, ZHOU Jia-cheng, CHEN Nan, MA Shi-zhu, FENG Dong-yi, LIN Jun-jie, ZHANG Yu-shan

2021, 60(14): 46-50. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.008

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Three local rice varieties, Maba Younian, Jinnong Simiao and Meixiangzhan 2, were selected as the research objects in Zhongshan city. Experiments were carried out in the field to study the resistance and control effects of compound amendments on cadmium pollution in rice and soil. The results showed that the compound amendments could significantly reduce the cadmium content in rice plants, and the compound amendments could significantly passivate the soil available cadmium; The cadmium content of rice was different between varieties and parts of rice, and Maba Younian had stronger passivation effect on available cadmium in rhizosphere soil than Meixiangzhan 2, which led to the lower cadmium content in all parts of Maba Younian than Meixiangzhan 2. The distribution of Cd content in different parts of rice plant was as follows： Root > stem leaf > brown rice > rice husk. When the local use amount of compound amendment was 900 kg/hm², the cadmium content in brown rice of rice could be reduced to the limit of the national standard 0.2 mg/kg.

Stress effect of urban expansion on flood risk and its scenario simulation

WU Ming-yu, WANG Zhong, ZHANG Yun-hui

2021, 60(14): 51-56. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.009

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Taking Chongqing city as an example, a comprehensive evaluation index system of urban flood disaster risk is established, and the system dynamics model was used to simulate the risk and identify the stress effect of urban expansion. The results show that the risk of flood disaster in Chongqing city presents a nonlinear fluctuation trend with a five-year cycle. During the cycle, the risk rapidly rises to the peak and then decreases year by year. Urban expansion has no significant effect on the risk of flood disaster in Chongqing city, but the rapid expansion increases the vulnerability of urban disaster. The disaster prevention capacity is more sensitive to the response of urban expansion, and can neutralize the stress effect of urban expansion on flood risk. It is suggested that cities should find a balance between expanding size and ensuring safety, and achieve smart, regulated expansion. It should strengthen the construction of disaster prevention infrastructure for new land use, and improve the drainage and emergency planning in the peripheral areas of the city.

Analysis on the characteristics of spring and summer meteorological drought in Mulei county of Xinjiang in recent 51 years

HOYHAZI Erkejan, RUZI Apar, LIU Hong-ying, HUANG Jian

2021, 60(14): 57-63. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.010

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Based on the observation data of monthly temperature and precipitation in Mulei county, Xinjiang province during 1970—2020, trend analysis, M-K mutation test, wavelet power spectrum analysis and correlation analysis were used to study the variation characteristics and influencing factors of the relative humidity index in spring and summer in Mulei county. The results showed that the average temperature and evapotranspiration in spring and summer in Mulei county had a significant increasing trend in the past 51 years, while the precipitation and wetness index had a weak increasing trend, but the increasing trend was not obvious, which indicated that the climate trend of Mulei county in spring and summer had changed to warm and dry. The frequency of light drought in spring was higher than that in summer, and the frequency of moderate drought and severe drought in summer was higher than that in spring. The mean temperature, precipitation and relative humidity index of spring and summer all changed abruptly. According to the wavelet power spectrum test, most of the temperature, precipitation and relative humidity index in spring and summer had the scale variation period of 2~4 years. The periodic signal energy in time scales above 4 years and below 2 years was weak, and the significant variation period was mainly concentrated in the periodic oscillation around 3 years. The analysis of meteorological influencing factors of relative humidity index showed that the change of relative humidity index in spring and summer in Mulei county was caused by the comprehensive action of several meteorological factors, but precipitation, relative humidity and air pressure were the main meteorological factors that lead to the change of relative humidity index in spring and summer in the study area.

Characteristics of meteorological drought and its impact on agriculture production in Changji prefecture

HOYHAZI Erkejan, RUZI Apar, ZHOU Guo-hong, HUANG Jian

2021, 60(14): 64-70. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.011

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Based on the precipitation and drought data of 1961—2020 from 10 meteorological stations in Changji prefecture, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of precipitation in Changji prefecture were analyzed, and the monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation anomaly percentage of each meteorological station was calculated. The drought events were selected according to the drought index of precipitation anomaly percentage, and the spatial and temporal distribution of meteorological drought at different time scales was analyzed in detail. The actual situation of historical drought and the evaluation results of precipitation anomaly percentage index were evaluated for practicability. The change trend of crop disaster area year by year was analyzed, and the influence of meteorological drought on agricultural production was studied. The results showed that the precipitation in Changji prefecture increased in recent 60 years, and the annual distribution was uneven, with the maximum precipitation in summer and the minimum precipitation in winter. It can be seen from the chronology that the precipitation was relatively small and unstable before the 1980s, and it began to increase year by year in the early 1980s. In 1983, there was a sudden increase, and the increase was obvious in 1998, and the increase was gentle since the 21st century. The frequency of meteorological drought in the past 60 years is more in central China than in western and eastern China. The monthly frequency of meteorological drought fluctuated, the most in January, the second in July, and the least in November. The main meteorological drought is autumn drought, winter drought is the second, mainly light drought. The annual frequency of meteorological drought events decreased gradually. Under the influence of meteorological drought in the past 60 years, the crop disaster area in Fukang city, Jimusar, Qitai and Mulei county was larger and the disaster degree was serious, followed by Caijiahu and Changji city, and Manas and Hutubi county were smaller and the disaster degree was light. The crop disaster area caused by meteorological drought disaster showed a decreasing trend. The drought years evaluated by the percentage of precipitation anomaly were 21 years in agreement with the historical drought years, and the coincidence rate was 80%.

Effects of root cutting and leaf application of potassium on organic potassium index and content of neutral aromatic substances in tobacco leaves

WANG Zheng, XU Tian-yang, HUANG Chong-jun, MENG Gang, GUO Zhi-yong, WANG Jia-chun, AO Jin-cheng

2021, 60(14): 71-75. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.012

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Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different agronomic measures on the dynamic changes of potassium content and organic potassium index and the content of neutral aromatic substances in primary flue-cured tobacco leaves after topping treatment, setting blank control（CK）, root cutting（C）, spraying of potassium fertilizer（K）, root cutting and spraying of potassium fertilizer（C+K）. The results showed that, compared with the CK, C, K and C+K treatments slowed down the loss of potassium and the decrease of organic potassium index and the potassium and organic potassium index of C and C + K treatments decreased first and then increased. The content of neutral aromatic substances in tobacco leaves increased by 29.2%, 18.3% and 4.5%, and C treatment had the best effect, followed by K treatment. The results showed that root cutting could effectively slow down the loss of potassium in tobacco leaves and promote the accumulation of potassium in the later stage, and increase the content of neutral aromatic substances in tobacco leaves. Based on the requirements of saving labor and reducing cost, leaf spraying of potassium fertilizer was a feasible technology for potassium extraction and aroma increase in tobacco leaves.

Study on cuttage technique of Perilla frutescens lateral branch

GE Chang-jun, YAN Liang, XU Li-rong, JIANG Yan-yan, DAI Jun-fen, ZHANG Su-jie, CHEN Zhan-peng

2021, 60(14): 76-78. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.013

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Through the treatment of perilla（Perilla frutescens） lateral branches and the design of the concentration of rooting powder, the effects of different treatments on perilla lateralis cuttage were studied and the optimal combination was determined. The results showed that there were differences in survival rate, rooting number and rooting length among different cuttage treatments. In treatment 6, a pair of leaves of lateral branches were reserved, and the survival rate was the highest when the concentration of rooting powder was 500 mg/L, reaching 83.3%, the number and length of rooting were significantly higher than other treatments.

Effects of shading and fertilization on physiological characteristics and nitrogen accumulation of Sterculia nobilis Smith seedlings

PAN Lu-rong, ZHOU Yuan-huizi, WANG Yi-jin, SU Yuan-yu, WANG Ling-hui

2021, 60(14): 79-84. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.014

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Taking half year old Sterculia nobilis Smith seedlings as the research object, the effects of shading, fertilization and their interaction on physiological characteristics and nitrogen accumulation of Sterculia nobilis Smith seedlings were studied by two factor pot experiment with four light levels （100.0%, 41.3%, 14.3%, 3.6% natural light） and four fertilization levels （0, 2 000, 4 000, 6 000 mg/plant）. The results showed that the effects of indicators reached extremely significant levels in June, September and December, the activities of SOD, CAT and POD and N concentration in leaves were the highest in September and the lowest in March. With the gradual decrease of light intensity, the content of MDA, the activity of SOD and POD showed the trend of decreasing first and then increasing. Under the same light level, with the increase of nitrogen, the content of MDA reached the maximum at N0 nitrogen level, and the three enzyme activities under L1 light treatment were lower than those under other light conditions. Under the same nitrogen level, the content of MDA reached the maximum under L0 light condition, and the three enzyme activities were lower under N3 nitrogen level compared with other nitrogen levels. There was significant interaction between different light and nitrogen levels, according to the comprehensive evaluation of the membership function of each index of Sterculia nobilis Smith seedlings, it is concluded that the largest subordinate value of Sterculia nobilis Smith seedlings is L1N3 treatment. The research indicated that strong light, insufficient light and lack of nitrogen fertilizer were not conducive to the growth of Sterculia nobilis Smith seedlings, and oderate shading （41.3% natural light） and increasing nitrogen application （6 000 mg/plant） could effectively promote the growth and development of Sterculia nobilis Smith seedlings.

Comprehensive evaluation of sightseeing melon and solanaceous vegetables based on gray-correlation analysis method

CHI Fu-ling, LI Feng, RUAN Hui-ming, HE Yu-guang

2021, 60(14): 85-89. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.015

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In order to enrich the sightseeing vegetables resources in Ningde city, the experimental introduction and cultivation of 32 varieties of sightseeing melon and solanaceous vegetables were studied. The growth and the sightseeing value of 32 varieties of sightseeing melon and solanaceous vegetables were evaluated by means of gray-correlation analysis method. The results showed that among the 32 varieties of sightseeing melon and solanaceous vegetables, the sightseeing value of 5 varieties of sightseeing melon and solanaceous vegetables were higher performance with the correlation degrees more than 0.700, such as Laoshugua, Xianglugua, Jinzaozimeiyuanqie;the sightseeing value of 16 varieties of sightseeing melon and solanaceous vegetables were good performance with the correlation degrees between 0.600 and 0.700, such as Huangbeibeinangua, Huaxiuqiufanqie, Jubaotianjiao;the sightseeing value of 11 varieties of sightseeing melon and solanaceous vegetables were general performance with the correlation degrees between 0.500 and 0.600, such as Baibeibeinangua, Meiguoxiaohulu, Jidanqie. According to the comprehensive evaluation result, 21 varieties of sightseeing melon and solanaceous vegetables were suitable to be popularized and planted in Ningde city.

Study on spatial pattern of forest ecological function：A case study in Guixi city,Jiangxi province

MAO Xu-peng, RAO Gao-ping, LIU Xing-jian

2021, 60(14): 90-94. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.016

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BP Neural Network Model of forest ecological function in sublot scale was built to analyze the spatial pattern of forest ecological function,a Forest Ecological Function Model in regional scale was built to analyze the overall forest ecological function of the study area and a spatial equilibrium index model of forest ecological function was built to analyze the equilibrium distribution of forest ecological function in the study area. The results show that the BP neural network structure was “8-5-1”, and the network performance could meet the research requirements. The forest ecological function of the study area was divided into three grades of good, medium and poor, which respectively occupied 3.6%, 88.4% and 8.0% of the total forest land area. The score of forest ecological function in the regional scale was 0.609 7, and the grade of overall forest ecological function in study area was poor. The spatial equilibrium index of forest ecological function in the study area was 0.863 8, and the spatial distribution of forest ecological function was relatively balanced. The sublots with middle grade forest ecological function accounted for a large portion in study area, which explaining that the protection of national ecological forest had achieved remarkable results. Forest ecological functions were more spatially distributed, but overall forest ecological functions are poor.

Comparative analysis on the benefits of different culture modes of Procambarus clarkii in Qianjiang city

ZHANG Yu-mu, RUAN Guo-liang, WANG Shu-juan, FANG Liu, WANG Qian, ZHANG Han, YE Dan

2021, 60(14): 95-99. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.017

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In order to better understand the situation of crayfish culture in Qianjiang city and provide reference for crayfish aquaculture in various places, the economic benefits of different crayfish culture modes in Qianjiang city were investigated and compared. The results showed that the benefit of crayfish-lotus coculture mode was the lowest, the benefit of crayfish-rice coculture mode was better, and the benefit of crayfish pond-monoculture mode was the best. The efficiency of crayfish pond-monoculture mode was twice as high as that of crayfish-lotus coculture mode. As one of integrated planting and breeding modes, the crayfish-rice coculture mode is still worthy of sustainable development, and through further optimization of comprehensive technology, its benefits still have promotion space of economic benefits in crayfish culture.

Preliminary study on the biology of Chinese bahaba （Bahaba flavolabiata）

LOK Peng-kin, LU Chang-sheng, HUANG Jian-qiang, ZHOU Yong-dong, LIU Wen-yu, CAI Yan-zhi

2021, 60(14): 100-102. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.018

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The Chinese bahaba （Bahaba flavolabiata） is a unique offshore fish in China. Due to environmental factors, its resources have been severely reduced. In order to protect the Chinese bahaba, a protection center has been established in the Pearl River Estuary for artificial domestication and breeding under pond conditions. In this paper, the morphological characteristics of Chinese bahaba, the growth and development of artificial domestication in ponds and the adaptability of ecological environment are studied. The results showed that the body was in the shape of a long spindle, the tail stalk was slender, and the sides were flat. The body was brownish-gray with orange-yellow on the back and grayish-white on the ventral side. The body length is 3.42 times the body height, is 3.3 times the head length, It is 4.15 times the length of the caudal stalk; the tail stalk length is 3.31 times the tail stalk height; the head length is 5.69 times the eye diameter, ls 7.09 times the distance between eyes, Is 3.78 times the length of the kiss, It is 2.87 times the length of the slit. The temperature of the living water is 6~33 ℃, and the temperature of the food water is 18~33 ℃. The annual weight gain is 1 500~3 500 g, the largest individual can reach 90 kg. Carnivorous fish that feed on large crustaceans such as fish and shrimps and crabs, while juvenile fish feed on shrimp. The mature age of broodstock is 6 years old males and 8 tears old for females;the absolute amount of females carrying eggs is 150~170 per gram of body weight, the diameter of the egg is 1.35~1.49 mm, and the eggs are light yellow and floating. The spawning water temperature is 18~26 ℃.

Effect of different tenderness of dark brick tea on improving gastrointestinal function in mice

SU Dan, TANG Fei, ZHANG Shan-ming, CHEN Yu-qiong, NI De-jiang

2021, 60(14): 103-108. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.019

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The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different tenderness of dark brick tea on gastric emptying, intestinal propulsion and intestinal microflora flora in Kunming purebred white mice by analyzing the correlation of physicochemical components of dark brick tea on indicators of intestinal function in mice. Results showed that the contents of EGC, CG and malic acid increase with the growth of tea leaves, while the contents of free amino acids, total tea polyphenols, caffeine, theaflavins, lactic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid and gallic acid decrease among dark brick tea with different tenderness. In the experiment of intragastric administration of dark brick tea to mice for 15 days, dark brick tea made from tea leaves with different tenderness not only can significantly promote gastric emptying and intestinal peristalsis, but also improve intestinal microbial environment, and promote bifidobacteria and significantly inhibit enterobacteria remarkably. The effect of dark brick tea on gastric emptying, small intestinal propulsion, and intestinal microflora are consistently with the same order： single bud, a bud and two leaves, and a bud and four leaves. The improvement of raw material tenderness will not reduce the intestinal function of dark brick tea.

Study on the spatial and temporal expansion characteristics of oasis city based on GIS：Taking Yining city,Xinjiang as an example

ZHAO He-miao, ALIMUJIANG·Kasimu

2021, 60(14): 109-116. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.020

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Taking Yining city, Xinjiang province as an example, based on Maximum likelihood classifie（MLC） method with remote sensing images of 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2018, the authors classified the land of Yining and extracted the urban proper to analyze the urban construction land expansion and spatial distribution in the past 19 years. Urban expansion indices, which included expansion speed index（ESI）,expansion intensity index（EII）, expansion degree index（EDI） and standard deviational ellipse（SDE）, were used to quantitatively analyze temporal variations of construction expansion. The following results were obtained：①The construction land area of Yining city increased by 80.03 km² and it was the 2.7 times of the initial urban from 2000 to 2018, According to the analysis of SDE, the construction land extended to the northwest and the urbanization showed a rapid expansion trend from 2000 to 2005. ②During the period of 2000—2018, the construction land expansion of Yining city was mainly realized through occupying large areas of cultivated. In the growth of the construction of the city area, city expansion rate increase year by year, city expansion strongly expands and then the expansion tends to slow down. ③The urban expansion of Yining city was affected by both natural and human factors. Natural factors affected the space scope of urban expansion, and human factors was the direct driving force for construction land changa in city expansion.

Spatial and temporal analysis of factors affecting farmland utilization efficiency in Anhui province based on GTWR model

LIU Zi-xuan, LIANG Teng-fei, LIANG Dong-dong, WU Xu

2021, 60(14): 117-124. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.021

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As the basis of food production, cultivated land was the root of human survival and development, and its utilization efficiency has a profound impact on the development and progress of human civilization. This paper taked 16 prefecture-level cities in anhui province as the research area, Using ESDA model to measure the utilization efficiency of cultivated land in various cities, and analyzed the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of the cultivated land utilization efficiency from both global and local perspectives by ESDA model. Finally, the main influencing factors of the cultivated land utilization efficiency in anhui province were discussed from two dimensions of time and space by GTWR model. The results showed that：①the average comprehensive utilization efficiency of cultivated land in 16 cities in anhui province from 2013 to 2017 was greater than 0.9, indicating that the utilization efficiency of cultivated land in anhui province was at a high level and fluctuated with time; ②the H-H cluster of cultivated land utilization efficiency gradually migrated from hefei city to the northwest, and L-L cluster was distributed in the southwest of anhui province, mainly in mountainous and hilly areas; ③per capita GDP, irrigation index, multiple cropping index, agricultural labor per capita cultivated land area and other factors significantly affected the utilization efficiency of cultivated land in anhui province; ④there was a significant difference in the spatial variation of the influencing factors of cultivated land utilization efficiency.

Design of automatic receiving container machine for citrus reticulata

WU Jia-yao, CHEN Hong, ZHANG Yue, LIU Xin, ZHANG Duo-ming, CHEN Hong-yuan

2021, 60(14): 125-128. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.022

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In order to solve the problems of low working efficiency, high labor intensity caused by few specialized harvesting machines and high damage rate in the process of collecting citrus fruits, a new type of automatic collecting and loading machine suitable for modern standard short-cut. Dense-planting orchard was designed by using rotating uniform separator and box-dropping packing technology.results showed that the machine was mainly composed of two-side conveyor, rotating and even separator, box-loading and lifting device, box-changing device and caterpillar mobile picking platform. Through up-down follow and orientation design, the up-down and left-right swing adjustment of the conveyor can be achieved to meet the requirements of different positions for fruit setting and ensure continuous collection. Rotating even separator was used to drive wide-skinned citrus to roll and drop fruits one by one with equal probability of holes to achieve even packing. Kinematic analysis of the lifting device was carried out by Adams software, with the fruit box lifting accurately, to prevent dropping or squeezing damage. when the speed of the two-side conveyor was 0.15 m/s, the speed of the rotating uniform separator was 20 r/min, the height of the buffer track was 10 cm from the fruit surface, and the number of the distribution holes of the separating disc was 6, the average packing height of the wide-skinned citrus auto-collecting and the damage rate was 6.1%, and the packing efficiency was 48 /min. Continuous collection, even packing and automatic box changing of fruits were achieved.

Analysis on the mechanism of plough tools reducing resistance and consumption for high-power tractors

ZHANG Lu-yun, MENG Xiang-jin, ZHENG Xuan, YANG Huai-jun

2021, 60(14): 129-132. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.023

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Tillage is the most energy consuming link in agricultural production, reducing energy consumption and production input cost is the research focus in the field of agricultural machinery. The development status of share plough at home and abroad was studied and analyzed, put forward the method of reducing ploughing resistance from plow structure and working mode. Reducing energy consumption, tillage resistance and carbon emissions, promoting the green agriculture sustainable development.

Optimal analysis of enclosure structure of solar greenhouse in Yantai city

WU Xing-guo, YUAN Xing-jian, XU Hao, YIN Bao-quan, MA Yun-fei

2021, 60(14): 133-137. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.024

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The model parameters of common solar greenhouse in Yantai was designed in order to manifest that indoor thermal environment of greenhouses performs better for certain parameters in local climate condition through analyzing simulated optimization of different construction of wall and rear slope of greenhouses by analysis software. The results suggested that the optimal parameters of wall should be cement bricks of 370 mm, polystyrene foam plastics of 70 mm and aerated concrete blocks of 120 mm and the rear slope should be plastic film of 100 mm, extruded board of 30 mm and cement mortar as its protective layer.

The environmental efficiency evaluation of hydropower energy in China’s three river basins under the background of carbon constraints

SONG Rui-jie, TIAN Ze, YANG Jing-yi

2021, 60(14): 138-143. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.025

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Based on the hydropower related panel data of 20 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River, Pearl River and Yellow River basin, an evaluation index system of hydropower energy environmental efficiency was established. The super-efficiency SBM model was used to calculate the energy efficiency of hydropower from the perspectives of basin and province. The results showed that 2016 was the inflection point of the new increment of hydropower construction investment from up to down, the hydropower efficiency of the Yangtze River basin was the best, the Pearl River basin was the second, and the Yellow River basin was the worse. There were spatial and temporal differences among watersheds and the upper, middle and lower reaches of the same watershed, the hydropower energy potential in the southwest region and the upper reaches of the Yellow River was huge. Some suggestions were put forward to promote the efficient green development of hydropower in the whole basin of China.

Implementation effect evaluation and improvement suggestions of grassland eco-compensation policies：Based on Yili River Valley

HENGBATE ASAINALI, HAILIQIEMU SIYITI, AYITUERXUN SHAMUXI

2021, 60(14): 144-147. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.026

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In order to measure the effect of the grassland ecological compensation policy in the Yili River Valley, an evaluation index system was constructed, and the AHP-Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the ecological, economic and social benefits. The results showed that the evaluation indexes of ecological and social benefits of the Yili River Valley were 7.54 and 7.34 respectively, both of which were in the second level and the effect was good; the economic benefit evaluation index is 5.94, which is in the third level, and the effect was average; the comprehensive benefit evaluation index it is 7.01, which was in the second level, and the effect was good. The problems in the process of policy implementation was analyzed, and some policy recommendations were put forward, including raising the compensation standard, adjusting the compensation payment time, strengthening policy supervision, improving the quality of herders,and speeding up the transformation of herders’ production methods.

Study on the performance and influencing factors of agricultural science and technology service in Shandong province

ZHANG Xue-ping, LI Jing-suo

2021, 60(14): 148-151. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.027

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The super efficiency DEA-Tobit model was used to study the performance and influencing factors of agricultural science and technology service in Shandong province. The results showed that the overall performance of agricultural science and technology service in Shandong province was effective, the service level was not high and still needed to be further improved,and the per capita GDP had a significant negative impact on the performance of agricultural science and technology services,while the effective irrigation area, crop disaster area and rural per capita education level had a significant positive effect. Based on the research results, countermeasures and suggestions were put forward, such as increasing the investment in agricultural industry, strengthening the construction of rural agricultural infrastructure, expanding the scope of agricultural science and technology services, strengthening the publicity and education of agricultural science and technology.

The contribution of ‘street-stall economy’ to national economy in the process of rural revitalization

HU Ming-han

2021, 60(14): 152-155. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.028

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The connotation, type and function of street-stall economy were explained, the development characteristic and value embodiment of stree-stall economy in the national economy under the background of rural revitalization were introduced. The countermeasures to promote the development of national economy were put forward, which provide detailed guidance for the government to implement the rural revitalization strategy, and provide theoretical reference for scholars to study the national economy.

Construction of the decision-making model for the transformation and upgrading of individual businesses based on real options：Taking landscaping industry as an example

WANG Chong-chong, WANG Hai-fang, MENG Yang

2021, 60(14): 156-161. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.029

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As a very important part of market economy in China, the operation of individual businesses is related to the social and economic development in China. In recent years, the state has also strongly advocated the transformation and upgrading of individual businesses, so the transformation and upgrading problem of individual businesses is a research hotspot in recent years. Through investigation and research, from the perspective of individual businesses, on the basis of discussing the factors affecting the transformation and upgrading of individual businesses, this study analyzed the real option characteristics of individual business, constructed the decision-making model using the real option theory for the transformation and upgrading of individual businesses, took landscaping industry as an example to validate and apply, and come to a conclusion combined with the tax analysis. In order to provide reference for individual businesses, especially in landscaping industry, when considering their own transformation and upgrading problems.

Study on the perception rule of climate change risk exposure based on Hanzhong,Xi’an and Yulin

XUE Si-wen, ZHOU Qi, LI Ming-jie, MAO Yu-wei

2021, 60(14): 162-168. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.030

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Improving people’s perception of climate change risk exposure is a key link for decision makers to implement risk management. Taking people from Hanzhong, Xi’an and Yulin city in Shaanxi province as the survey subjects, the polynomial fitting method was used to explore the trend of people’s perception of climate change risk exposure with age. At the same time, the wavelet analysis method was used to explore the chang period of people’s perception of climate change risk exposure with age, in order to provide reference for decision-makers to manage and deal with climate change risk.

The analysis on innovation path of characteristic towns development in Hubei province

ZHANG Shi-ju, GUO Shi-qi

2021, 60(14): 169-173. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.031

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The development of characteristic towns is a new urbanization development mode under the strategy of rural revitalization. By investigating the current situation of the development of characteristic towns in Hubei province, taking three representative characteristic towns as examples, the problems existing in the construction of characteristic towns in Hubei province were analyzed, such as lack of industrial characteristics, imperfect infrastructure, low visibility, and lack of resources. In view of the existing problems, four innovative paths to promote the development of characteristic towns in Hubei province were put forward, including positioning characteristic industries, increasing the construction of public infrastructure, building intelligent characteristic towns and integrating various resources.

Research on measurement and evolution of green economy development in three cities in southern Shaanxi

WU Ting-ting, WANG Yi, DONG Zhen

2021, 60(14): 174-179. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.032

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Based on the panel data of three cities in southern Shaanxi from 2010 to 2017, the projection pursuit model optimized by genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization is used to calculate the green economic development level of the three cities. The results showed that from the perspective of regional vertical development, Hanzhong, Ankang and Shangluo showed a steady growth trend from 2010 to 2017, but the development characteristics of different regions were also different. From the horizontal perspective of sub indicators, Hanzhong ranked first, Ankang second and Shangluo third; In terms of economic development level and social development quality, Shangluo lagged behind Hanzhong and Ankang in terms of economic development level and social development quality. In terms of ecological civilization construction, Hanzhong had a small growth rate, but Ankang had declined, while Shangluo had achieved good results; The scientific and technological innovation service was the short board of Ankang green economy development.

Empirical study on the relationship among FDI,foreign trade and economic growth in Hubei province

LIU Lan, ZHANG Teng

2021, 60(14): 180-183. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.033

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Based on the data of FDI, foreign trade and economic growth in Hubei province from 1989 to 2019, the stationary test, Johansen cointegration test and Granger test showed that there was a correlation and long-term equilibrium relationship among FDI, foreign trade and economic growth in Hubei province, and FDI and foreign trade were conducive to economic growth in Hubei province. At the same time, combined with the theory of economic growth, Hubei province should further clarify the development strategy of outward opening, promote the development of Hubei Pilot Free Trade Zone, so as to attract foreign investment, expand exports, and stimulate the economic growth of Hubei province by expanding domestic demand.

Analysis of factors influencing farmers’ borrowing and borrowing scale under different channels

GAO Meng-qi, GUO Hui

2021, 60(14): 184-191. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.034

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Farmers’ loan satisfaction is very important to increase farmers’ income and develop rural economy. Based on the field survey data of 520 sample farmers in Gaoping city of Shanxi province, this study empirically analyzed the influencing factors of whether the farmers borrow and the scale of borrowing. According to the different borrowing channels, farmers’ loan was divided into formal borrowing and private borrowing, and the sub-sample regression was conducted. The results showed that, the risk preference had a significant positive impact on whether the farmers borrowed, the age and the cultivated land area had a significant negative impact on whether the farmers borrowed; the age and the education level had a significant negative impact on the scale of farmers’ borrowing, the awareness on the borrowing policies and the total household income had a significant positive impact on the scale of farmers’ borrowing. From the perspective of different channels, different variables had different effects on whether farmers borrow and the scale of borrowing.

Study on the temporal and spatial evolution of county economy and its influencing factors in Fujian province

LUO Sha-sha, ZENG Yu-rong

2021, 60(14): 192-199. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.035

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This study analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution of county economy development in Fujian province from 2008 to 2018, and analyzed the spatial correlation and difference by using the global spatial autocorrelation analysis tool. The geographical weighted regression model （GWR） was used to determine the influencing factors of county economy development, and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of each factor were analyzed. The results showed that, ①during the study period, the level of county economy development in Fujian province had been gradually improved, and the coordination degree of regional economy development had been continuously improved, but there was a phenomenon of unbalanced development; ②there was a high degree of spatial autocorrelation between the county economy development in Fujian province, and the economy development of each county had a strong correlation; ③in addition to the positive effect of consumption level on the county economy development, the effects of other factors were positive and negative, and the influence difference on county economy development was obvious. At last, the study put forward some ways to promote the development of county economy, such as expanding domestic demand, stimulating consumption, stimulating investment, reasonably controlling fiscal expenditure, and improving the quality of urbanization.

Research on new rural community governance approaches from the perspective of rural governance transformation

LIU Yi-heng

2021, 60(14): 200-203. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.036

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The transformation of rural governance brought both opportunities and challenges to community governance in new countryside construction. In this context, the new rural community governance mechanism was not perfect, the lack of scientific planning, the shortage of professionals, the lack of supervision and evaluation mechanism and other issues. Based on the analysis of rural governance subject, governance power distribution mode, governance mode and purpose, continuous improvement of governance mechanism, scientific governance planning, increase of talent training, and construction of evaluation and supervision mechanism can effectively promote the improvement of new rural community governance.

Research on the strategy of learning situation analysis of farmer training teachers

XIA Jun-tao, SONG Xiao-ping

2021, 60(14): 204-208. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.037

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Learning situation analysis is to improve the pertinence of teachers' teaching design and the effectiveness of teaching implementation. The autonomy of farmer training teachers' teaching puts forward high requirements for learning situation analysis. The walking and part-time characteristics of farmer training teachers' teaching cause the high difficulty of learning situation analysis, which leads to the lack, generalization or narrowing of learning situation analysis of farmer training teachers. Based on the teaching practice and the cognition of the characteristics of “class”, “lesson” and “time” of the farmer training, this paper put forward the strategy of stage learning situation analysis, which is divided into four stages： planning stage, preset stage, on-site stage and reflection stage, and analyzed it with specific cases.

Research on the protection and utilization of red cultural resources in Pingshan county,Hebei province

ZHANG Li-yun, BAI Ming-gang

2021, 60(14): 209-212. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.038

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Protecting and utilizing the red cultural resources is an important way for the economic and social sustainable development of the old revolutionary base areas. Based on the field survey and relevant data review, this study sorted out the current situation of the protection and utilization of red cultural resources in Pingshan county, analyzed the main problems existing in the protection and utilization of red cultural resources in Pingshan county, and put forward reasonable utilization suggestions.

On three basic problems of targeted poverty alleviation in ethnic villages——Based on the reflection from the survey of Dadai village in Congjiang county

WANG Guo-chao, PAN Hua

2021, 60(14): 213-216. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.14.039

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Targeted poverty alleviation in ethnic villages was the result of accurate questioning of the traditional poverty alleviation model, and was the due meaning of poverty alleviation in ethnic villages. However, there were still many difficulties in the current poverty alleviation in ethnic villages. It is necessary to clarify three basic issues, namely, the precise connotation and path of poverty alleviation in ethnic villages, the cultural evolution and cultural relativity of poverty alleviation in ethnic villages, and the initiative and motivation of poverty alleviation in ethnic villages, so as to remove the basic obstacles for targeted poverty alleviation in ethnic villages．

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