Table of Content

10 July 2021, Volume 60 Issue 13

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Reviews

Bibliometric analysis of China national park ecological protection based on CiteSpace

FU Xiao, WANG Lin, ZHU Chuang-ye

2021, 60(13):  5-10.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.001

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Using CiteSpace software, this paper reviewed the research process of ecological protection of national parks based on 482 literatures from CNKI from 2001 to 2020. The results showed that,during the study period, the number of papers on ecological protection of national parks was increasing continuously, and the cumulative number of papers was in line with the exponential growth, which was in the stage of great development. The cooperation between the authors was mainly academic relationship, and the external cooperation was less. Beijing Forestry University, Institute of Geographical Resources of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Department of Geographical Sciences of Beijing Normal University were the core publishing institutions. The order of the apparent hot spot clusters was：ecological space, ecological compensation, ecological civilization thought, ecological tourism, nature reserves. Giant panda National Park, coordination mechanism, functional zoning, legal system, environmental education and ecological compensation standards have become the emerging research hotspots in each cluster. The results depicted the knowledge map of national park ecological protection, and provided a reference for the study of national park ecological protection.

Research progress in response of plant reproductive strategies to altitude

WANG Chao, LU Jie

2021, 60(13):  11-14.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.002

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Based on the recent literature on the response of plant reproductive strategies to altitude, the variation characteristics of adaptive strategies in plant reproductive phenology, leaf functional traits, reproductive allocation, seed number, size and offspring characteristics at different altitudes were summarized. On this basis, the research status and future development direction in this field were summarized, in order to enrich the research of plant reproductive ecology.

Breeding & Cultivation

Breeding of Jia1S,a photosensitive two-line male-sterile indica line

LIU Shan-de, CHEN Mu-yan, ZHANG Hong, HU Gang

2021, 60(13):  15-17.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.003

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Jia1S, a photosensitive two-line male-sterile, middle-season indica line, was developed through systematic selection method by using Yiling P88S cross Hunong 3S, after 8 years /10 generations, a photosensitive plant was detected at 7^th generation low temperature at summer, again detected at 9^th generation regrowth, after back crossing with Ben15, a stable photosensitive two-line male sterile line was developed and named Jia1S. It has stable fertility, fertilizer tolerance, logging free, high outcross and match. It has great potential for makketing and agriculture industry.

Microclimatic and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton field intercropping systems

CUI Ai-hua, LIU Shuai, HUANG Guo-qin

2021, 60(13):  18-25.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.004

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The microclimatic characteristics of cotton intercropping systems were discussed, and the photosynthetic characteristics of crops except cotton in intercropping system were further studied. Three cotton intercropping treatments were designed in this study, cotton intercropping soybean, cotton intercropping maize and cotton intercropping sweet potato, which were compared with cotton monoculture, soybean monoculture, maize monoculture and sweet potato monoculture. The light intensity, air humidity and air temperature of the intercropping systems were analyzed. The results showed that the diurnal variation trend of air relative humidity in each treatment was U curve, cotton intercropping patterns could improve the air humidity compared with corresponding monoculture patterns, the air humidity of soybean monoculture and maize monoculture were higher than that of cotton monoculture, but the air humidity of sweet potato monoculture was lower than that of cotton monoculture; The trend of the daily change of air temperature in each pattern showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease, cotton intercropping patterns could decrease the air temperature than the corresponding monoculture patterns, the air temperature of cotton monoculture was higher than maize monoculture, but there were no significant differences between soybean monoculture and sweet potato monoculture. In soybean monoculture, maize monoculture and sweet potato monoculture, the phenomenon of “photosynthetic midday break” appeared. The phenomenon of “photosynthetic midday break” of soybean and sweet potato under intercropping pattern was obviously improved. The changes of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were consistent：soybean monoculture treatment > cotton intercropping soybean treatment, sweet potato monoculture pattern > cotton intercropping sweet potato treatment, cotton intercropping maize treatment > maize monoculture treatment, but the manifestation of the concentration of intercellular CO₂ was opposite. Overall, cotton intercropping sweet potato model had more advantages than other intercropping models in improving the phenomenon of “photosynthetic midday break”, reducing the air temperature and increasing the air humidity in the system.

Effect of tillage methods on grain filling characteristics and yield of maize in semi-arid area of Songnen plain

ZHANG Ji-wei, WANG YU-feng, ZHANG Yi-fei, LI Qing, YANG Ke-jun, TANG Zi-chun

2021, 60(13):  26-30.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.005

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Tillage method is the main factor limiting the increase of maize （Zea mays L.） yield in semi-arid areas of Songnen plain. To explore a kind of maize high-yield cultivation method from the angle of corn grain filling for the semi-arid area of Songnen plain, taking Xianyu 335 as the test material, six kinds of tillage methods, such as deep ploughing and ridge tillage in autumn, deep ploughing and flat tillage in autumn, rotary and ridge tillage in autumn, rotary and flat tillage in autumn, rotary and ridge tillage in spring, rotary and flat tillage in spring, were set up to study the effect of tillage on maize grain grouting characteristics and yield. The results showed that the growth rate was positively correlated with the yield of maize （P<0.01） and the grain weight of maize （P<0.05）. Compared with other treatments, deep ploughing and flat tillage in autumn can increase the photosynthetic rate, the grain dry weight of maize during the pulping period, the peak of maize irrigation rate, the biomass when the maize irrigation rate was the largest, the grain weight of maize and the yield of maize. The yield of maize was the highest at 11 141.93 kg/hm² under the treatment of deep ploughing and flat tillage in autumn. Therefore, the yield of maize in semi-arid area of Songnen plain can be improved by adopting autumn-deep flattening treatment.

Analysis on the structure of corn production and output in Shandong province——Based on a survey of 300 rural households

ZHAO Shun-hong, MENG Zi-heng, JIA Shu-han, LI Shu-chao

2021, 60(13):  31-35.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.006

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Corn plays an important role in my country's food security and industrial production. Scientific analysis of the influencing factors of corn production is of great significance to increase the yield of corn, increase farmers' income and promote rural economic development. Based on the field survey data of corn planting farmers in Shandong province in 2019, this paper used the C-D production function to analyze the factors affecting corn production in Shandong province. The results showed that capital input and planting area had a significant positive effect on corn output, and labor and whether the implementation of grain reform for feed had a significant negative effect on corn output. The influence of technical support and cooperatives were not significant. Increase capital investment to promote the upgrading of production structure and the dissemination of production technology; encourage innovation in agricultural sciences and realize the conversion of results as soon as possible; cultivate new farmers and strengthen technical guidance to farmers; regulate cooperative management and give full play to cooperative functions.

Study on the introduction and screening of new colored potato varieties（lines）

ZONG Hong-xia, XU Qian, LI Bao-zheng, XIAO Bo

2021, 60(13):  36-38.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.007

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In order to screen out new colored potato varieties（lines） suitable for planting in Chongqing, the nine colored potato varieties（lines） introduced were screened and compared with Ziyun No.1 as control. The results showed that the variety Hongmei had high yield, high single potato weight, high commodity rate, good disease resistance, moderate anthocyanin content and good taste. It is an excellent variety suitable for planting in Chongqing city.

Impact of the cultivation density and the change in field microclimate on the output of cotton

LI Ji-hui, XIANG Dao, YANG Ming-feng, LIU Yong

2021, 60(13):  39-41.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.008

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To control the proper cotton planting density and field microclimate, Xinluzao No.45 cotton was taken as the experimental variety to design 5 different densities, and the temperature at different levels of population, relative air humidity, light transmittance and illumination intensity as well as the agronomic traits of the cotton in the harvest time were measured when the max canopy density in the later period of cotton efflorescence. The results showed that there was little difference in temperature among populations with different densities, while the difference of gradient temperature among plants was significant. The proper gradient temperature difference suitable for cotton populations was less than 0.4 ℃. The relative air humidity with high density treatment （270 000 plants/hm²） among populations were 3 percentage point higher than that with low density treatment（90 000 plants/hm²）. In order to achieve high yield, the ground light transmittance among cotton plants should be more than 5.5%. The planting density of cotton had significant negative correlation with the plant height, stem diameter, single boll number and weight. Under the current cultivation and management level, the planting density of northern Xinjiang early-maturing cotton variety should be 180 000~220 000 plants/hm².

Resource & Environment

Temporal and spatial analysis and countermeasures of agricultural non-point source pollution in Guangdong province under the background of rural revitalization

ZHANG Ming-hao

2021, 60(13):  42-50.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.009

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Agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the main reasons that affect the deterioration of rural ecological environment, which seriously restricts rural greening, agricultural efficiency and farmers' income. Taking Guangdong province as an example, the pollutant discharge coefficient method was used to estimate the chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） pollution load of agricultural non-point source pollution from 2008 to 2017, and its spatial distribution was visually analyzed with ArcGIS 10.2. Through the average emission of each pollutant and its comprehensive index, the risk analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution intensity in 21 cities of Guangdong province was carried out and targeted measures were proposed. The results showed that the COD, TN and TP pollutant emissions in rural areas of Guangdong province were 1 044 700 tons, 168 700 tons and 24 500 tons respectively in 2017. The pollution intensity of COD, TN and TP from 2008 to 2017 showed a trend of decreasing year by year. However, the changes in some regions from 2016 to 2017 were obvious, mainly due to the increase in fertilizer use and livestock and poultry farming. The order of agricultural non-point source pollution risks in 21 cities showed as decreased order of Maoming, Shantou, Zhanjiang, Zhuhai, Foshan, Yangjiang, Zhongshan, Jiangmen, Jieyang, Zhaoqing, Chaozhou, Shanwei, Guangzhou, Qingyuan, Yunfu, Shenzhen, Meizhou, Huizhou, Shaoguan, Heyuan and Dongguan. In the context of rural revitalization, this paper explores the temporal and spatial distribution and risk characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution, and proposes targeted measures for pollution prevention and control, which is conducive to Guangdong's agricultural green development action and promote the construction of “beautiful China”.

Analysis of a typical heavy pollution process in Changsha city in early 2019

HU Yan, YANG Yun-yun, LIU Huan-qian, YIN Zhong-hai, ZHOU Hui, WANG Xiao-lei

2021, 60(13):  51-59.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.010

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The hourly air quality index （AQI） and six major pollutants monitoring data of 14 national control stations from January 5 to 8, 2019, meteorological observation data, wind profile radar data and FY-4 satellite data of corresponding periods provided by Hunan ecological environment monitoring center were used to deeply analyse a severe pollution weather process in Changsha city in early January 2019, combined with the HYSPLIT4 backward trajectory. The results showed that the severely polluted weather process in Changsha city was a process of taking PM2.5 as the primary pollutant. The backward trajectory analysis showed that the tracks of the air masses in the middle and lower layers were the same. Affected by the superposition of air masses, the pollutant of long-distance transmission from central Henan province affected Changsha city, which was one of the main pollution sources. In the accumulation and outbreak stage, the stable low and medium cloud was the main part, and TBB was more than -10 ℃. According to the analysis of wind profile data in the outbreak stage, pollutants were transported to Changsha city with the northeast air flow, and the input of external sources was dominant. From 850 hPa to 700 hPa, there were obvious inversion layer or isothermal layer in the middle and low relative humidity in the upper air, which were favorable meteorological factors for this heavy pollution weather.

Study on remote sensing classification of land utilization in Yanshi city

WANG Guo-zhong, LI Zhong-yuan, ZHANG Ji-yu, CHENG Huan-ling, LI Jia-hong

2021, 60(13):  60-62.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.011

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To grasp true and accurate land data in Yanshi city, Henan province, the classing methods were adopted by support vector （SVM） and maximum likelihood （ML） to classify its land use types in 2016 with landsat8 images. The results showed that both methods had high classification accuracy, but the SVM classification accuracy was slightly lower, which could be related to the selected parameters, the influence of kernel function and the training sample.

Soil quality monitoring and diagnosis analysis of pepper-cabbage rotation system under different fertilization treatments

DU Lei, WANG Su-ping, CHEN Gang, HUANG Xiang, ZHANG Gui-you, JIANG Li, CHENG Wei-shun, LUO Xi, ZHANG Li-hong, HONG Juan

2021, 60(13):  63-67.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.012

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This study investigated the monitored and diagnosed effects of three different fertilization treatments on the soil quality of the chili-cabbage rotation pattern by the field plot test. The results showed that through monitoring and diagnosis of soil physical and chemical properties of two crops,the trend of soil physical indexes in the chili season was coincident with the cabbage season. Fertilization could improve the soil physical properties, but the recommended fertilization（OPT） treatment effect was more effective. Compared with the no fertilizer control （CK）, OPT treatment significantly reduced the soil bulk density, increased soil porosity, saturated water content and field water holding capacity（P<0.05）. All fertilization treatments had soil acidification, FP treatment was the most significant, and the soil pH was reduced by 12.41% compared with CK. The nutrients in each treatment increased with the extension of planting time. After the two rotation of the species, the electrical conductivity （EC） value, total nitrogen andcationicexchange content（CEC） of the FP treatment and OPT treatment were significantly higher than the CK（P<0.05）, but the exchangable calcium and magnesium contents were no significant difference with the CK treatment（P>0.05）. The content of soil organic matter was significantly higher in the OPT treatment than in the FP treatment and CK （P<0.05）, which was 50.68% higher than CK. This experiment proved that replacing part of fertilizer with organic fertilizer could improve soil quality.

Comparative analysis of two low temperature rain and snow freezing processes in January 2018 in Hunan province

ZHOU Hui, HUANG Jiao-wen, SU Tao, CAI Rong-hui

2021, 60(13):  68-73.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.013

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Based on the routine observation datas and NCEP reanalysis datas, a comparative analysis of two cold rain, snow and freezing weather processes in Hunan province in January 2018 was carried out. The results showed that there were many kinds of disastrous weather during the process, such as blizzard, freezing rain, strong cooling, northerly gale and thunderstorm. The process on January 24 to 31 had a wider range of influence, stronger intensity and longer duration than the process on 3 to 8. The dynamic condition and thermal condition was different, and it was pointed out that the thunderstorm and snowstorm occurred in the north of central Hunan province on January 27. The analysis showed that front area at 500 hPa, the strength of cold center, the cold advection intensity in 850 hPa, the intensity of cold high pressure on the ground and the pressure gradient at the front are of great significance for the determination of the intensity of cold air. Humidity and temperature stratification are the key factors for the transformation of the phase state of rain and snow in 700 hPa in south China.

Isolation,identification and degradation characteristics of tobacco stem lignocellulose-degrading bacteria HF-09

WU Chang-wei, GONG Xin-guo, ZHANG Bo, LI Xian, ZHENG Lin

2021, 60(13):  74-77.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.014

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In order to reduce the content of lignocellulose in tobacco stems and solve the problem of low industrial use value, bacteria with potential for degradation of tobacco stem lignocellulose were screened. A cellulase screening medium was used to isolate a tobacco lignocellulose-degrading strain HF-09 from tobacco cultivation soil in Kunming city. After morphological observation and physiological and biochemical analysis, combined with 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis. The survival rate of the bacterium was above 90% in the range of pH 5~9 or below 75 ℃, and it reached the logarithmic growth phase in 8~20 h, which had strong adaptability. After 10-day degradation of tobacco stems of Hongda （C3F）, the cellulose degradation rate was 20.82%, the hemicellulose degradation rate was 30.28%, and the lignin degradation rate was 19.34%. At the same time, scanning electron microscopy showed that the bacteria had a significant ability to damage the structure of tobacco stems.

Horticulture & Local Products

Effects of application of biological agents on yield and quality of flue cured tobacco

WANG Yi, LIU Zhi-gang, GUAN En-sen, GAO Kai, WANG Da-hai, ZHANG Guo-chao, LIU Chun-ju, WANG De-quan, GAO Zheng-xu, DU Chuan-yin

2021, 60(13):  78-81.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.015

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In order to determine the effects of autochthonous propagation agent and phosphate- and potassium- solubilizing bacteria on the growth, yield and quality of tobacco, a field experiment were designed. The results showed that compared with CK （conventional fertilization）, there was no significant differences of agronomical traits, incidence of viral diseases and disease index treated with T1 （conventional fertilization+indigenous bacteria expanding agent + soil solubilizing phosphate and potassium releasing microbial inoculum） and T2 （conventional fertilization+indigenous bacteria multiplication agent） in the cluster stage. In the topping stage, for T1 and T2, the maximum leaf length increased by 11.06% and 10.83%, the maximum leaf width increased by 15.02% and 20.25%, and the maximum leaf area increased by 27.75% and 33.27%, respectively. While incidence of black tibia decreased by 55.6% and 44.4%, and the disease index decreased by 57.6% and 33.4%, respectively. In terms of economic characters, the yield of T1 and T2 treatment increased by 10.10% and 9.92%, the output value increased by 23.06% and 21.09%, respectively. In conclusion, the application of autochthonous propagation agent and phosphate- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria were beneficial to improve agronomic traits of tobacco plant in the topping stage, improve resistance to root black rot and improve economic traits of tobacco plant, and the application of autochthonous propagation agent and soil phosphate- and potassium- solubilizing bacteria was more effective.

Effects of silicon and selenium on cold resistance of Dendrobium candidum in low temperature stress

DING Jiu-ling, ZHENG Kai, TANG Dong-fen, XI Gang-jun, SHI Jun

2021, 60(13):  82-86.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.016

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To explore the effects of silicon and selenium on cold resistance of Dendrobium candidum in low temperature stress, this study is based on Dendrobium candidum seedlings as experimental material, the stress of low temperature 2 ℃ after 7 d, with different concentrations of exogenous silicon and selenium compound spraying on the leaf. The silicon and selenium were all set up 12 kinds of complex dispensing. The results showed that silicon and selenium should be used together in low temperature stress, which was reflected in the increase of chlorophyll content and Pro content, the increase of POD, SOD and CAT activity, and the decrease of MDA content. This indicated that silicon and selenium treatment（50 mg/L silicon+5 mg/L selenium, 50 mg/L silicon+7.5 mg/L selenium） could increase the cold resistance of Dendrobium candidum seedlings, which was achieved by means of enhancing the anti-oxidative enzyme activities, chlorophyll content and Pro content, and decreasing the MDA content to reduce injury of low temperature stress.

Study on the intercellular CO₂ concentration and stomatal limitation and non-stomata limitation of Populus euphratica leaves

LIN Bing, WU Sheng-li, GUAN Wen-ke, SONG Chuan, SHI Zhi-xin, HE Yu-xiang, YUE Yong-jiang

2021, 60(13):  87-92.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.017

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The LI-6400 portable photosynthetic instrument （LI-COR,USA） was used to measure the photosynthetic physiological parameters of Populus euphratica growing in the extreme arid area along the Tarim River. Based on the analysis of the dynamic changes of the intercellular CO₂ concentration of P. euphratica, the stomata limitation and non-stomata limitation of P. euphratica were further discussed and explored. The results showed, the intercellular CO₂ concentration of P. euphratica leaves in the growing season showed a “V”-shaped change trend, and the lowest values ??all appeared at 14：00. The intercellular CO₂ concentration of P. euphratica changed synchronously with changes in influencing factors including external CO₂ concentration, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate：it was basically consistent with the change law of external CO₂ concentration; It was opposite to the change law of stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, showing a negative correlation. The change law of the stomatal limit value L_s of P. euphratica leaves showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, which was lower in the morning and evening and higher at noon. The non-stomata limitation index C_i/G_s and stomata limitation L_s change in the opposite way. The decline of P. euphratica net photosynthesis rate was mainly due to non-stomata limitation, but the effect of stoma limitation cannot be ruled out. Similarly, when the net photosynthesis rate decline was mainly due to non-stomata limitation, it cannot be ruled out. Combining the two judgment basis of stomata limitation value L_s and non-stomata limitation can further understand P. euphratica stoma limitation and non-stomata limitation.

Morphological responses and adaptation of Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings to light

HU Xiao-jing, ZHANG Xue-qin

2021, 60(13):  93-96.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.018

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To interpret and predict the responses to shading, Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings were grown at four transmittance levels of 100%,75%, 35% and 5% of full natural light in field environment with artificially controlled light regimes for one growing season. Morphology and survival rates of these seedlings were measured to investigate their shade acclimation mechanisms. The results showed that, the branching angle of H. ammodendron seedlings at 100% transmittance level is higher and 1.60, 1.77 and 1.89 times than that at the other transmittance levels. The branches of H. ammodendron seedlings have an adaptation to different light conditions. The root, stem branch biomass and total biomass of H. ammodendron seedlings are significantly reduced with the decreasing of the light intensity and the difference is significant（P<0.05）. But the pattern of the biomass allocation parameters is not obvious. With the decreasing of the light intensity, the index of morphological plasticity has a trend of reduce, but the variation is smaller. We concluded that H. ammodendron seedlings plastically adapt to different light conditions through changes in morphological characteristics to maximize carbon gain.

Patterns of dead trees in secondary forests of Baimajian,Dabieshan mountain

WANG Zhi-gao, CAO Hua, ZHANG Chuan-ying

2021, 60(13):  97-100.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.019

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The dead trees in Baimajian of Dabieshan mountain were analyzed to explore the reasons leading to tree death. The results showed more of the dead trees especially smaller class individuals dominated in this forest, dead trees with a breast diameter of less than 5 cm account for more than 30% of the total number of dead trees. The abundance of dead trees positively related to the abundance of living species. 41.7%, 66.0% and 60.0% of the dead trees were from the sprouting. Competition is the main reason of tree death in this secondary forest, further researches should explore the mechanism of tree death at larger scales.

Evaluation on the suitability of prickly ash cultivation in Jialing River basin of Baoji section

XUE Si-wen, ZHOU Qi

2021, 60(13):  101-104.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.020

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In order to understand the influence of water supply factor, feed factor, erosion factor and heat factor on the suitability of pepper planting in Jialing River basin of Baoji section of Fengxian county, this study established the suitability evaluation system of prickly ash planting in Jialing River basin of Baoji section, studied the raster image of spatial distribution grade of each influence factor in the basin, and divided the suitability of prickly ash planting in the basin. The results showed that, the dry land distribution in Jialing River basin of Baoji section is relatively scattered, and the areas suitable for planting prickly ash are few, and they are all near the water source. Therefore, most dry land was not suitable for growing prickly ash. Among them, 1.508 square kilometers of dry land was not suitable for planting prickly ash, accounting for 21.4%. Generally, it covered 1.975 square kilometers, accounting for 37.9% of the total dry land area. The suitable area was only 2.684 square kilometers, accounting for 27.9%. Very suitable dry land area was also very small, 0.909 square kilometers, accounting for about 12.8%. So there are very few areas suitable for planting prickly ash in the Jialing River, to some extent, people are reminded that proper fertilizer should be applied when planting prickly ash. In the tillage process, soil supervision should be strengthened to avoid pollutants from entering the soil, so as to improve the utilization rate of dry land.

Storage & Processing

Process optimization and quality analysis of papaya beverage fermented by probiotics

YAO Rui-qi, GAO Min, GE Han-jing

2021, 60(13):  105-109.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.021

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Using Chaenomeles sinensis as raw material, probiotics as fermenting microbe,the fermentation process and quality changes of Chaenomeles sinensis beverage were studied. The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paracasei could be used for the fermentation of Chaenomeles sinensis beverage after domestication, and the suitable mixture ratio was 4∶6. The optimal fermentation conditions were obtained as follows: Fermentation temperature 36 ℃, inoculation amount 2.5%, fermentation time 24 h. Under these conditions, the number of viable bacteria could be reached 8.79 lg（cfu/mL） and the acid production was 12.2 g/kg. Probiotics fermentation had a great influence on the contents of total acid, free phenol and bound phenol, which was beneficial to improve the nutritional quality of Chaenomeles sinensis beverage. The total acid content increased by 8.01%, the free phenol increased by 38.5%, and the bound phenol decreased by 51.9%.

Study on processing of Rosa sterilis slice of intermediate moisture

PAN Peng-ju, LI Yu-qiang, LI Dong-ping, YANG Ling

2021, 60(13):  110-113.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.022

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In order to reduce the decay loss of Rosa sterilis' fruits after harvest, and obtain healthy food with nutritional value and unique flavor, the fruit slices of intermediate moisture were developed. The experiment were carried out with the fresh fruits based on microwave drying technique. The results showed that the satisfactory fruit slices of intermediate moisture was made from cut pieces after blanching for 90 s and then dehydrating by microwave intermittent drying. Its water content is 21.58% and water activity is 0.62, golden color, soft and tightness, with fresh fragrance of Rosa sterilis, and its vitamin C content is 1 664.25 mg/100 g.

Detection Analysis

Determination of inorganic anions and melamine in fertilizers by ion chromatography

LIANG Chen, PENG Hao, ZHENG Xiu-jin, SHAO Guang-yin, ZHANG Jin-mei, ZHANG Miao-miao

2021, 60(13):  114-118.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.023

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Develop a method for the determination of norganic anions and melaminein in fertilizer by ion chromatography（IC）. The fertilizer sample was ultrasonically extracted with 7 g/L trichloroacetic acid solution and centrifuged. The supernatant was purified by a solid phase extraction column. The anion in the solution was purified with SH-AP-1 （250 mm×4.0 mm） was a separation column, measured by a suppressed conductivity detector; SH-CC-4 （200 mm×4.0 mm） was used as a separation column for melamine in solution, detected by UV detector. Results show that the mass concentration of anions and cations had a linear relationship with their peak areas within a certain range, and all correlation coefficient（r） were more than 0.999,with the average recoveries range from 93.4% to 104.4%, and the precision（n=6） values below 4%. The method can be widely applied to the detection of anions and cations in a variety of fertilizer samples.

Analysis of phthalate esters pollution in soils of facility vegetable bases of Yangling

LI Guo-xiu, CUI Li-hui, LIU Wei, LIU Xiao-ning

2021, 60(13):  119-122.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.024

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In order to evaluate the pollution status of phthalate esters （PAEs） in soils of Yangling facility vegetable bases, 15 PAEs were detected and analyzed in soil samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that 12 PAEs were detected in the analyzed soil samples, the total contents of which ranged from 53.4 μg/kg to 3 524.1 μg/kg, with an average value of 602.7 μg/kg. The detection rates of DEHP, DBP, DIBP, DMEP, BBP, DNOP were 100%, 100%, 100%, 73.3%, 63.3%, 53.3%, respectively. And their average contents were 286.3, 167.3, 123.1, 157.6, 121.3, 130.5 μg/kg, respectively. Compared with soils in other regions,the pollution level of PAEs in vegetable base soils of Yangling is lower, but such compounds are ubiquitous in facility vegetable base soils, and the potential environmental risks should be paid attention to.

Study on the changes of volatile components in qingxiang liquor irradiated by ⁶⁰Co

HE Jiang, FENG Feng, GAO Peng, GAO Fei, ZHANG Feng

2021, 60(13):  123-126.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.025

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The volatile components of qingxiang liquor with different irradiation doses in the range of 10 kGy were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The relative content of volatile components in liquor was analyzed. The results showed that the relative content of acid （total acid） increased with the increase of irradiation dose, the relative content of ester （total ester） decreased with the increase of irradiation dose, the content of acetic acid increased gradually, ethyl lactic acid decreased gradually, isobutol and isoamyl alcohol showed a downward trend, acetic acid, ethyl lactic acid, the changes of isobutylalcohol and isoamyl alcohol in irradiated aging liquor were similar to those in natural aging liquor.

Information Engineering

Spatial and temporal distribution of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Yiling district based on GIS

ZHOU Dan, XIAO Zheng-li, ZHAO Yong, TIAN Jing-bo, LI Zu-mei, JING Shun-hua

2021, 60(13):  127-133.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.026

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Taking the GIS management of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus tree felling in Yiling district as an example,the spatial positions of epidemicwood in the two years from 2019 to 2020 were collected. The spatial data management function of ArcGIS software was used to collect point and surface layers. Spatial information map was drawn by spatial visualization, trend surface, spatial autocorrelation, nearest neighbor distance index and spatial-temporal clustering analysis ofkernel density, so as to intuitively understand the evolution of spatial pattern trend of pine wood nematode disease, and to explain the variation rule and diffusion characteristics of pine wood nematode disease. Analysis results showed that under the control measures, the affected pine forests and epidemic sites （subcompartment） decreased in 2020. The epidemic trend of pine nematode in the two years was in the east and west, with a high value in the east, and the trend line was almost straight line. The outbreak of pine nematode showed cone-shaped central point aggregation and spread. The spatial and temporal clustering characteristics of the epidemic show spatial clustering in the overall pattern, high clustering of pine victims caused by the spread of the epidemic source and clustering distribution pattern of epidemic points. The epidemic situation of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus disease in this region has a certain number of epidemic spots and a wide distribution area, the epidemic situation is difficult to eradicate in a short time. On the comprehensive measures, weshould increase the clearing of epidemic trees, block the spread of the epidemic situation in the new areas, reduce the epidemic spots, regulate the density of pine trees by forest management, reduce the density of Monochamus alternatus and establish a broad-leaved forest ecosystem.

Construction and implementation of fresh agricultural products cold chain logistics platform based on component library technology

DUAN Rui, CHENG Zhi-ping

2021, 60(13):  134-137.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.027

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In order to comprehensively optimize the difficulties in popularization and application of cold chain logistics of fresh agricultural products in some areas of China, this research designed a cloud service platform for fresh agricultural products logistics based on component library technology. Through the design of cold chain logistics data communication protocol, the unified access of agricultural products cold chain logistics network detection equipment is realized. Component library and cloud computing technology are used to provide independent functional units, remote services and reuse software resources for the cold chain logistics system of fresh agricultural products.

Biological Engineering

Effects of different hormones on induction of clustered buds from budded stems of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch

FU Li, ZHANG Dong-xiang, LIU An-qi, LYU Qing, LI Wei

2021, 60(13):  138-142.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.028

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Single factor variable and different hormone combination design were used to observe the effect of different hormone ratio on the induction of clustered buds from the bud stem of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. The results showed that the best hormone combination for inducing cluster buds was MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L KT, and the average multiplication factor of cluster buds reached 5 times. Appropriate hormone ratio is beneficial to the induction of clustered buds from the budded stems of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, and provides theoretical and technical basis for the application of rapid propagation technology of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of Camellia oleifera in Macheng

PANG Fang-qin, ZHANG Jing-yi, LIU Qian, TANG Xin-xin, HU Xiao-ming, ZHU Hua-guo

2021, 60(13):  143-145.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.029

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To establish a technical system for regeneration of Camellia oleifera by somatic embryogenesis. The immature embryos of Hubei Macheng Camellia oleifera in the middle of July were used as experimental materials. After sterilization, immature embryos were cut into pieces and inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D+1.0 mg/L KT and 5.0 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L KT, respectively. One month later, the callus induction rates of the two treatments were 83.23% and 45.34%, respectively. The callus was selected to be subculture on MS medium with 1.0 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L KT. After two months, obvious somatic embryos were observed, and the average induction rate of embryoid was 15.25%; the embryoids were then subcultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L NAA+3.0 mg/L 6-BA for embryoid development and plantlet regeneration. And then embryoids were transferred to 1/2MS medium containing 3.0 mg/L 6-BA for rooting culture. Complete regenerated plants can be obtained, and then domesticated and transplanted to the bowl for further growth. The technology system of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Macheng Camellia oleiferawas established in this study, which laid a foundation for the establishment of Agrobacterium mediated transformation technology system of Camellia oleifera.

Economy & Management

Current situation, development difficulties and suggestions of rape industry in Shishou city

FU Wei-xin, XU Shang-jun, CHEN Wen, YUAN Hang, LIAO Han-yu

2021, 60(13):  146-148.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.030

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Rape is one of the advantageous agricultural industries in Shishou city. In order to better develop the rape industry, this paper analyzed the current situation of rape production and industry in recent years, and concluded that the rape industry in Shishou was faced with such difficulties as low market price, large disaster impact, poor infrastructure, low production level and difficulties in industrial development. And from the policy, area, characteristics, technology, industrial chain and other aspects of countermeasures.

Influence of family endowment on agricultural insurance purchase behavior of rice and shrimp farmers：Comparative analysis based on two attributes of agricultural products

TIAN Zhuo-ya, QI Zhen-hong, YANG Cai-yan, LIU Zhe

2021, 60(13):  149-155.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.031

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Based on the field survey data of farmers in Hubei, Hunan and Anhui provinces, this paper used entropy method and binary Logistic model to analyze the impact of family endowment on agricultural insurance purchasing behavior of rice and shrimp farmers, and conducted comparative analysis on agricultural insurance purchasing behavior of farmers based on rice and crayfish with two attributes. The results show that, on the whole, the purchasing rate of agricultural insurance is higher. Social capital endowment and economic capital endowment significantly positively affect farmers' purchasing behavior of agricultural insurance. The influence of family endowment on the purchasing behavior of agricultural insurance of farmers with two attributes are different. Social capital endowment significantly promotes the purchasing behavior of rice insurance of farmers, and economic capital endowment promotes the purchasing behavior of agricultural insurance of farmers with two attributes. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the level of comprehensive capital endowment of farmers and pay attention to the different attributes of agricultural products to improve the purchasing level of agricultural insurance of farmers.

The canonical correlation analysis of per capita disposable income of rural residents in Lanzhou city

WEI Yun

2021, 60(13):  156-161.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.032

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By using canonical correlation analysis, the correlation between per capita disposable income of rural residents and input and output of agricultural production in Lanzhou city from 1995 to 2018 was analyzed. The results show that the total retail sales of social consumer goods, the total population at the end of the year, cultivated area, the number of practitioners of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery and the sown area of crops are the inputs that have the greatest impact on the per capita disposable income of rural residents in Lanzhou city. Crop sown area and the amount of chemical fertilizer are the inputs that have the greatest influence on the total grain output in Lanzhou city. Finally, according to Fisher optimal segmentation method, the agricultural production development of Lanzhou city from 1995 to 2018 was divided into four stages, and the existing problems and solutions in the current stage of development were pointed out through data analysis.

Study on the effect evaluation of human settlements improvement of the 12th division company of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

LI Wei, YANG Xiao-ping

2021, 60(13):  162-169.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.033

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Taking the 12th division's company human settlement environment improvement as a research sample,using questionnaire surveys and interviews to conduct field research on the company's settlement environment improvement,constructing an evaluation index system based on the rural revitalization strategic plan, the index weight is determined by analytic hierarchy process, and the effect of human settlement improvement is evaluated by fuzzy method. The results show that the overall evaluation of the human settlement environment improvement of the 12th division company is 7.354. Among them, the score of economic foundation is the highest, which is 7.740, the score of living environment is 7.532, the score of organization and management is 7.094, and the score of operation guarantee is 7.426. On the whole, the improvement effect of the 12th division company is good, but it is still necessary to strengthen the support and leadership of the grassroots organizations, establish demonstration company, explore new remediation mode and build long-term mechanism, and optimize the remediation level of living environment of Corps company.

Empirical analysis on the relationship between agricultural science and technology progress and farmers' income growth in Shandong province

LU Cheng, LI Jing-suo, PENG Xing-zhen

2021, 60(13):  170-175.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.034

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Based on the relative statistic data of Shandong province from 1994 to 2018, On the basis of measuring the progress rate and contribution rate of agricultural science and technology,VAR model was used to analyze the relationship between agricultural science and technology progress and farmers' income in Shandong province. The results show that in the long-term and short term, the Shandong province agricultural science and technology progress is conducive to promoting the farmers' income growth, the farmers' income growth can also increase investment in agricultural science and technology, and then promote the overall level of agricultural science and technology in Shandong province, farmers' income growth and agricultural science and technology progress mutually Granger reason. Finally, for the purpose of the farmers' income growth, it is proposed to improve the innovation system of agricultural science and technology to accelerate the innovation of agricultural technology, strengthen the extension system of agricultural science and technology to accelerate the rapid transformation of agricultural advanced technology into productive forces, perfect the transfer system of agricultural labor force to indirectly increase farmers' income, and vigorously develop high-quality agriculture to open up wider international market.

Analysis on the bottleneck and countermeasures of tea export trade in Hubei province

WU Ya-ling, FANG Yan-zhen, CHEN Qing, LI Lin-bo, LEI Shu-yan

2021, 60(13):  176-180.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.035

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Based on the current situation of tea production and brand building in Hubei province, this paper analyzes the advantages and problems of tea export trade in Hubei province under the new development pattern of double circulation, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the development of tea trade in Hubei province from the aspects of product competitiveness, improvement of industrial chain, export policy support.

Low-carbon path of rural tourism in Shaanxi province based on the “productive-living-ecological synchronization”

HUA Fei-fei

2021, 60(13):  181-183.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.036

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Based on the background identification and research overview of low-carbon rural tourism, this paper clarified the logical relationship between the “productive-living-ecological synchronization” and low-carbon rural tourism, and took this as the starting point to sort out the main problems existing in the process of low-carbon rural tourism in Shaanxi province, and then put forward the low-carbon path. In terms of production, we should pay attention to low-carbon reform in the supply side of rural tourism industry, and promote the green development of rural tourism; In terms of living, we need to improve the intensive level and formulate low-carbon consumption incentive measures for rural tourism; In terms of ecology, we should enhance the natural carbon sink capacity and create a green landscape pattern. In order to provide references for the low-carbon development of rural tourism in Shaanxi province and even China.

Spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the coupling and coordination among water,energy and food in Anhui province

JIAO Yuan-jie

2021, 60(13):  184-191.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.037

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Taking Anhui province as the research object,the coupling coordination model was constructed to measure the development level and coupling coordination degree of water-energy-food（W-E-F） nexus from 2006 to 2018. In the meantime the spatial and temporal characteristics of the nexus was analyzed. The results show that from 2006 to 2018, the comprehensive evaluation index of the W-E-F system in Anhui province has presented an overall upward trend, and the coupling coordination degree has risen from 0.490 9 to 0.870 2, reaching a good coordination level as a whole. However, the development characteristics of the various subsystems are different. Water resources subsystem has large fluctuations, energy subsystem develops relatively slowly, and food subsystem develops rapidly, and the overall development and utilization level is higher than that of water resources and energy. There are also significant spatial variation in the coordination level of the W-E-F system. Hefei, Huainan and Xuancheng have a relatively high level of coordination, and the weak areas of each subsystem are mainly located in Lu'an, Ma'anshan, Huaibei and other places. Most regions are facing the problem of increasing imbalance in the internal development of W-E-F system. Among them, the contradiction between food and water resources is the most prominent. It is necessary to promulgate water-saving policies, improve water-saving irrigation efficiency, and reduce the impact on water resources caused by food production.

Research on the radiation effect of farmers' professional cooperatives in China from the perspective of symbiosis

ZHANG Xiong, PANG Li-ping

2021, 60(13):  192-195.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.038

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In order to further explore the significant role of symbiotic radiation effect of farmers' professional cooperatives, this paper studied the radiation effect of farmers' professional cooperatives in China from the perspective of symbiotic theory. The results show that there are some practical problems in the symbiotic radiation effect of Chinese farmers' professional cooperatives, such as the dissociation and limitation of dynamic effect, the non fluency and non correlation of derivative effect, and the lag and singleness of superposition effect. In view of the above problems, it puts forward some countermeasures, such as the combination of element integration and resource sharing, the matching of information platform and capital platform, the matching of cooperation and sharing and industrial integration, in order to provide reference for the follow-up research.

Empirical study on land consolidation promoting the coordinated development of regional economy in Zunyi city

ZHOU Chun-fang, LU Xiao-long, YUAN Feng-gang, YANG Zheng-feng, LONG Xi, SHI Wen-tao

2021, 60(13):  196-199.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.039

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Through land consolidation, it can optimize the regional land use structure, adjust the industrial layout, promote regional economy growth, narrow the regional gap, and realize the coordinated development of regional economy. Based on this, this study constructed the index system of regional economy coordinated development, measured the economy coordinated development of Zunyi city and its four major regions, and took the land consolidation practice of Zunyi city as an example, constructed the relevant model of land consolidation and regional economy coordination degree of Zunyi city, deeply analyzed the relationship between them, so as to provide reference for relevant departments.

Study on green production behavior of farmers and its influencing factors in Yangtze River Economic Belt：Based on improved TPB framework

LEI Jia-le, WU Xue-lian, LI Wan-hong, LI Wei

2021, 60(13):  200-207.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.040

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Based on the improved TPB framework, this study explored the green production behavior of farmers and its influencing factors in the Yangtze River Economic Belt before, during and after production, so as to provide policy reference for stimulating farmers'green production. By using the method of questionnaire survey and Logistic model, this study analyzed the green production behavior of farmers in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The results showed that mandatory norms and policy incentives had a positive impact on farmers' prenatal establishment of field technical archives management, while demonstrative norms, network, age and years of farming had a negative impact; demonstrative norms, attitude, network and gender had positive effects on farmers' taking measures to control diseases and pests, while mandatory norms and agricultural income had negative effects; behavioral ability and years of farming had a positive impact on farmers' postpartum behavior, while demonstrative norms and age had a negative impact. Therefore, strengthening publicity and guidance, training new farmers, improving agricultural technology, establishing and perfecting laws and incentive policies were the key points to promote farmers' green production.

Research on the dilemma of multi-agent cooperation in rural “toilet revolution” from the perspective of network governance

LI Xiao-yu, ZHANG Zhe-cong

2021, 60(13):  208-212.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.041

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As a basic livelihood project, the rural “toilet revolution” project relied on the collaborative promotion of the government, village level autonomous organizations, social organizations, enterprises, villagers and the media. In practice, due to the lack of cooperative regulations, the low degree of information sharing, the general lack of trust, the limitation of behavior logic and the conflict of opposites, the project progress was hindered. Based on the perspective of network governance, this research put forward countermeasures from five aspects：Establishing the necessary rules of conduct, realizing the effective sharing of information, establishing the trust incentive mechanism, adopting the action strategy of cooperation and reciprocity, and promoting the cooperation of multi-agent.

Rural Revitalization

Research on rural digital inclusive financial supervision under the strategy of rural revitalization

XING Hong-fei, LYU Han-dong

2021, 60(13):  213-217.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.042

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In order to deal with the problems and risks in the development of rural digital inclusive finance, and better play its function in rural revitalization, this paper investigated the current practice of rural digital inclusive financial supervision in China. The results show that there are some problems in the current rural digital inclusive financial supervision, such as imperfect regulatory laws and regulations, disconnection between regulatory model and practice, backward regulatory means, imperfect credit reporting system, lack of market access and exit mechanism. It is suggested that the government should improve the supervision system from the aspects of supervision laws and regulations, supervision mode, supervision technology, credit reporting system, market access and exit mechanism, so as to promote the smooth operation of rural digital inclusive financial industry and help rural revitalization.