Table of Content

25 November 2020, Volume 59 Issue 22

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Reviews

The foam production and control in submerged liquid fermentation of microbial pesticides

LIU Fang, LIAO Xian-qing, CHEN Wei, ZHOU Rong-hua, WAN Zhong-yi

2020, 59(22):  5-8.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.001

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Submerged liquid fermentation has been widely used for the production of of microbial pesticides.The foams are formed during the process of fermentation through the joint effects of aeration,the constituents of media and the secondary metabolites of the mciroorganisms which affect the normal fermentation of microbial pesticides.In this review,it summarized the causes and regularities of foam formation,the adverse consequences of foam and strategies of foam control in the submerged liquid fermentation of microbial pesticides,In order to provide guidance for foam control in submerged liquid fermentation of microbial pesticides.

Research progress on biotype seed coating agent in China

YANG Dan, ZHEN Jiao-li, LI Fei, HUANG Da-ye, CAO Chun-xia

2020, 59(22):  9-12.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.002

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Biotype seed coating agent is an environmentally friendly biological pesticide preparation,it is playing an important role in green agriculture of our country.The concept,feature,effective components,function mechanism of biotype seed coating agent were summarized,the development history of biotype seed coating agents in our country was introduced from four aspects of seed disinfection and seedling growth,pest control,seed storage and crop yield,finally,the current problems and prospect of seed coating agent in China were summarized.

Progress of small molecule compounds targeting DNA ligase IV to improve the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing

XIAO Hong-wei, BI Yan-zhen

2020, 59(22):  13-19.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.003

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Gene-editing-tools can create double-strand breaks (DSB) at specific sites on the DNA chains.There are two different ways to repair DSB in cells,namely homologous recombination (HDR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ).NHEJ pathway and HDR pathway compete with each other as alternative DNA repair pathways.DNA ligase IV acts an important role in the NHEJ pathway.Inhibitors of DNA ligase IV can inhibiting the NHEJ efficiency while improving HDR efficiency in the DNA repair pathway.To optimize small-molecule compounds for more effective site-specific insertion of genes,the studies on the four different chemicals SCR7,NU7026,resveratrol and L755507 were reviewed,and these four small-molecule compounds in gene-editing were summarized.Among them,the bioinformatics software was used to simulate the docking of these four chemicals with DNA ligase IV.Based on these,the small molecule compounds used to improving gene editing efficiency was prospected.

Breeding & Cultivation

Study on double mechanical transplanting cultivation mode of double cropping rice in southeastern Hubei province

CHEN Jie, XIA Xian-ge, CHEN Zhan-peng, TU Jun-ming, CAO Zhi-gang, ZHANG Qun, JIN Hong-mei, CHENG Jian-ping, ZHANG Zhi-sheng

2020, 59(22):  20-23.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.004

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At present,there are many problems in double-cropping rice planting in southeast Hubei province,such as large labor input,tight stubble,long slow seedling stage and insufficient basic seedlings during mechanical transplanting.Through the research on the annual high yield and high efficiency of double-cropping rice,it was found that the double mechanical transplanting cultivation mode of early rice Liangyou287 and late rice Taiyou398 had high yield,short overall growth period and low production risk,the techniques of double cropping rice scale mechanization and double mechanicaltransplanting were integrated and demonstrated.

Correlation analysis of agronomic characters and biological yield of summer-sowing food and fodder dual-purpose silage maize

GUO Li, MA Xian-bin, HU Fei, LI Xin-yan, WANG Xi-zhao, LI You-ming

2020, 59(22):  24-27.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.005

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Through the analysis of correlation and path between agronomic characters and biological yield of summer-sowing food and fodder dual-purpose silage maize (Zea mays L.),the results of showed that the main agronomic traits that were significantly positively correlated with the biological yield of silage maize were plant height,ear height,stem diameter and number of green leaves,among which the correlation value of stem diameter (r=0.7037) was the largest.The correlation coefficient between ratio of whole plant weight to ear weight,ear weight and total fresh weight were positive but not significant.The direct path effects of each character on total fresh weight was in the order of stem diameter >ear weight >ear height >number of green leaves >plant height >ratio of whole plant weight to ear weight,and the direct effects of stem diameter and ear weight on total fresh weight were extremely significant.Stem diameter in the direct path coefficient of total fresh weight was 0.4502,which was the biggest direct positive effect.In order to obtain a higher total fresh weight,it was necessary to select the varieties with thicker stem diameter,higher plant height and ear height,more green leaves and larger ratio of whole plant weight to ear weight.Ear weight in direct path coefficient of total fresh weight was 0.4068,whose direct positive effect value was bigger,but through other characters effect value were negative,so the total fresh weight of silage maize couldnot be determined only by ear weight in character selection,but could be considered increasing the ear weight appropriately.

Comparative test of fresh corn varieties in Hubei province

ZHANG Xu, QIN Hui-bao, XIONG You-sheng, XIE Yuan-yuan, ZHANG Guo-zhong, LIU Wei, XU Xiang-yu

2020, 59(22):  28-32.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.006

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In order to select high-quality and adaptable fresh corn varieties suitable for planting in Hubei province,a comparative test of fresh corn varieties was carried out in five regions of Hubei province in2019,and the indexes of fresh corn yield,main economic characters,main agronomic characters,growth period and stress resistance were carried out analysis.The results showed that there were significant differences among the five fresh corn varieties.Considering the quality,yield and resistance of fresh corn,Wantian2015 and Xintian477 were recommended to be planted in Hubei province.

Effects of sowing amount and paclobutrazol on yield characters of wheat Yumai 158

ZHAO Yong-tao, ZHANG Feng, ZHANG Zhong-zhou, YUAN Qian, ZHEN Shi-cong, WANG Gai-ge

2020, 59(22):  33-35.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.007

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Taking wheat Yumai158 as the research object,the differences in yield and population dynamic characteristics under different sowing rates and spraying amount of paclobutrazol treatments were analyzed.The results showed that under different treatment,Yumai158 had average spike-bearing tiller rate,stable thousand-grain weight,and more grains per spike.The best sowing rate was112.5~150.0 kg/hm²,and the best dosage was600~1200 g/hm² of15% paclobutrazol powder.

Survey and analysis of crop germplasm resources in Enshi city of Hubei province

LI Li, JIAO Chun-hai, LIU Chang-yan, LIU Liang-jun, WAN Zheng-huang, CHEN Hong-wei

2020, 59(22):  36-43.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.008

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Total108 accessions of crop germplasm resources which belonged to46 species of40 genera in24 families were collected in“The3th national action of crop germplasm resources survey and collection”which was carried out in Enshi city.That included13 feeding grain crops,31 vegetables,11 legumes,38 fruit trees,4 tea resources,10 oil crops and1 fiber resource.In this study,local situation,growth and decline conditions of crop germplasm resources were analyzed.Furthermore,the conservation,development and utilization of crop germplasm resources in Enshi city were also discussed.

Resource & Environment

Analysis on the suitability of Huaxi district tourism climate

XIA Da-wei, YUAN Xiu, WU Dan, YAN Jiang, AO Deng-ren

2020, 59(22):  44-48.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.009

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Based on the ground meteorological data of Huaxi district from2007 to2016,the main elements of tourism climate resources in Huaxi district are analyzed,such as temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,precipitation,sunshine,and so on.On this basis,through the temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index,the annual and monthly climate comfort values of Huaxi district are calculated.The results showed that the climate of Huaxi district is suitable for tourism activities all year round,and it is an ideal tourist destination for tourists,among which April to October is the best tourism period.

Numerical simulation analysis of a mixed severe convective weather process

SU Tao, YAO Rong, ZHOU Chang-qing, ZHOU Li

2020, 59(22):  49-58.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.010

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The circulation situation and meteorological features of a strong convection process occurring in Hunan province is analyzed from April3—4,2015,using conventional observation data such as ground and high altitude.The high-resolution WRF model focuses on the strong combination of northeastern Hunan.The convective weather is numerically simulated,and the structure,evolution and trigger mechanism of the strong convective storm under the complex underlying surface of the Dongting lake area are discussed.The results show that this is a mixed strong convective weather in a typical low-level warm-flow forced weather background.The4 hPa up-and-down of ground pressure corresponds to different types of severe convective weather in northeastern Hunan.The continuous strong vertical wind shear and updraft the effect is to maintain the storm,and the convective monomer merges and develops to strengthen the multi-cell strong storm (the supercell storm).The unstable energy accumulation in the northeastern part of Hunan,the local geothermal convection and topography and other uplifting effects,and the low-level flow field sharply merge into a strong rotational rise.The movement triggers the release of unstable energy,which provides favorable dynamic and thermal instability conditions for strong convective weather such as hail,thunderstorm and heavy rain.The simulation results accurately describe the spatial structure and environment of the mixed strong storm in the Dongting lake area.The evolution of parameters has a certain indication for the early warning and forecasting of mixed strong convective weather.

Analysis of an aircraft artificial precipitation enhancement operation for a typical mixed convective stratiform cloud system in summer and autumn in Hunan

LI Qiong, GAO Qin, TANG Lin, DING Li, WANG Ling, LI Zu-xian

2020, 59(22):  59-65.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.011

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Comprehensive utilization of model,satellite,radar,sounding and other data to analyze the operating conditions of a typical mixed convective stratiform cloud system affected by a tropical low-pressure peripheral cloud system in Hunan.The operation scheme of aircraft artificial precipitation enhancement was designed and carried out.Precipitation enhancement effect was also analyzed through statistical test and intuitionistic physical test.The analysis showed that the weather system configuration of the tropical low-pressure outer cloud system was conducive to the occurrence of precipitation in Hunan.The model index forecast results showed that the cloud water content in southwest of Hunan was sufficient and the supercooled water content was abundant,while the ice crystal number concentration was insufficient,which indicated that there was a good potential for cloud-catalyzed rainfall enhancement.The designed flight operation scheme was basically consistent with the actual flight trajectory.The rationality of the selection of the flight operation area,location and timing selection was verified through the targeted analysis of the comprehensive detection data such as satellite,radar and sounding.The radar echo distribution was relatively uniform before the aircraft rain enhancement operation.During the operation,the radar echo reflectance was significantly enhanced,and the strong echo area and number were significantly increased.The statistical area echo was weakened after the operation.It had a obvious catalytic effect.The rain enhancement rate of this rain process was23.71%,and the amount of increased water was about13.4 million tons.

Study on boundary layer characteristics of Jinzhou ecological station

ZOU Xu-dong, ZHAO Hu-jia, WANG Xiao-ying, LI Ke-fei, CAI Fu, YANG Hong-bin, ZHANG Yun-hai, WANG Hong-yu, LIU Yu-che

2020, 59(22):  66-74.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.012

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In order to explore the atmospheric boundary layer structure of Jinzhou ecological station,one day in October2016,February2017,April and July respectively is to be selected.Using NCAR/NCEP data,the characteristics of500 hPa pressure field and850 hPa pressure field weather situation are analyzed;WRF model is used to simulate the surface wind field at8:00 and20:00,the vertical profile wind field,and the48h boundary layer height;Microwave radiometer is used to detect the temperature and humidity of Jinzhou ecological station from the ground to an altitude of10 km.The results show that,the position of Jinzhou is near the trough,the air flow is to the west or north,and the cold air passes through the trough and the temperature drops at the500 hPa pressure field.The position between low pressure system and high pressure system at850 hPa pressure field,the airflow comes from the north or south.The ground wind field is in high pressure divergent air flow,wind direction to west or north.The profile wind fields are all downdraft near the ground.Atmospheric instability occurs at20 o'clock at different altitudes from the ground.There is little change in temperature at a height of10 000 meters from the ground.The height of inversion layer is lowest in February and highest in October.The variation of humidity from the ground to the upper air shows a fluctuating shape.The change is obvious in one day.Among them,there is relatively small change in the humidity within one day of February,the change from ground to upper air is relatively small.The boundary layer height is low between19:00 on the first day and8:00 on the second day.The high values appear between12:00 and15:00.The difference of boundary layer height and low value is small,of which February is the smallest.The difference of the height of the boundary layer is large,with the smallest in February and the largest in July.

Impact of land use change on ecosystem service value in Lijiang river basin in 1998—2018

HE Yi, TANG Xiang-ling

2020, 59(22):  75-80.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.013

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Based on3S technology,LANDSET remote sensing images of the Lijiang river basin in1998,2008 and2018 were used to analyze the changes in different regions during the study period through land use change data,and the value of ecosystem services in the Lijiang river basin in1998—2018 was estimated.The results showed that in1998—2018,the forest land had been in a leading position in the Lijiang river watershed land use,land use overall changed mainly for cultivated land to construction land and forest land transfer,including water and arable land area was reduced9.77 km² and415.33 km²,respectively,woodland showed a trend of first increased after decreased and area increased by111.70 km²,construction land and unused land increased significantly,respectively increased by210.34 km² and103.06 km²;The value of ecosystem services in the basin decreased by 0.54% from8 073.8778 million yuan to8 030.1776 million yuan,which was mainly reflected in the trend of first increasing and then decreasing,basically consistent with the change of forest land area.Generally speaking,the spatial distribution showed a trend of high northeast and low southwest.In order of value from high to low,forest land,water area,cultivated land,construction land and unused land were in order.Ecosystem service value of low area appeared expanding trend,and sustained growth,mainly distributed in Guilin city such as downtown,Xing'an,Lingchuan,Yangshuo,median area were mainly cultivated land,gradually occupied by urban sprawl,some high value area was weak increase trend,mainly concentrated in the eastern and northern forest area.

The effects of future climate change on soybean growth period and yield in Henan province under RCP scenario

LIU Jia, LI Cong, LI Tong-xiao, LIU Yan

2020, 59(22):  81-85.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.014

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Based on the soybean observational data and the corresponding climatic data of Linzhou city in2008—2017,Huangfanqu Farm in2006—2017,Zhengyang county in2000—2008 were selected to verify the model of CROPGRO-Soybean,and the model parameters suitable for the southern,central and northern regions of Henan province were found.By introducing the climate scenario data of future typical concentration paths RCP4.5 and RCP8.5,the response of soybean growth period and yield to climate change in the future climate change scenario were analyzed.The results showed that the flowering period and the first seed period of soybean in Henan showed a prolonging trend under the climate conditions of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 of the future typical concentration paths,and the prolonging days under the climate conditions of RCP8.5 were more than that of RCP4.5.The prolongation of flowering period of soybean in Henan was the central >the north >the south.And the prolongation of first seed period of soybean in Henan was the central >the south >the north.The maturation period of soybean in Henan was similar under the climate conditions of future typical concentration paths RCP4.5 and RCP8.5,the prolongation trend of soybean maturation period showed the north >the central >the south.Soybean yield in Henan province showed a decreasing trend under the climate conditions of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5,and the reduction under the climate conditions of RCP8.5 was higher than that of RCP4.5.The soybean yield in Henan decreased rapidly from south to north,but the trend in the central region was the smallest.

Screening of soil-derived bacteria decolorizing malachite green and decoloring condition analysis

LIAO Hua-yuan, XIONG Meng-xia, LI Run-cheng

2020, 59(22):  86-90.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.015

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To screen bacteria capable of decolorizing malachite green (MG) from the soil-derived bacteria,as a result,a strain of Enterobacter cloacae (S1-2) had a strong ability to decolorize MG.According to single variable principle,the different conditions that affected the strain S1-2 were characterized by the change in absorbance of the solution before and after MG degradation.The results showed that the strain S1-2 could completely decolorize1100 mg/L MG within36 h,and the inhibitory rate of treated MG on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus parvii decreased by43.98%~48.21%.The analysis of decolorization conditions with300 mg/L MG found that the degradation rate of 0.5%~7.0% inoculation amount of strain S1-2 was91.67%~93.91%;In different pH culture environment,the strain S1-2 decolorized90.02%~94.54% MG at pH6 and pH7;The strain S1-2 decomposed84.61%~94.56% MG,when cultured at20~40 ℃;Under the concentration of6~18 g/L NaCl,the strain S1-2 degraded91.85%~93.77% MG.

Canada calcium carbonate volcanic salt rock (SRC) improvement of acidified soil and its application in cabbage

ZHOU Fu-zhong, ZHU Xue-zhu, LIU Ren-bo

2020, 59(22):  91-96.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.016

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Through field experiments and large scale demonstration,the improvement effect of canada calcium carbonate volcanic salt rock (SRC) on acidified soil and its yield increasing effect on cabbage were verified.The product has good effect on improving the acidified soil.The results show that600~1800 kg/hm² can increase the pH of soil by 0.07~0.28 units in the current season.SRC can also reduce the exchangeable aluminum contentin the soil,reduce the aluminum toxicity in the acid soil,increase the cation exchange capacity of the soil,enhance the ability of supplying and maintaining fertilizer,and increase the exchangeable calcium and magnesium content of the soil.It can reduce the content of available iron and availablemanganese in soil,so as to alleviate soil acidification.On the basis of conventional fertilization,the yield of cabbage can be increased by increasing the amount of SRC.The yield of cabbage can be increased by more than5% when1200 kg/hm² is used;The yield of cabbage can be increased by more than10% when1800 kg/hm² is used,and reached a significant level.

Effects of hydrogen peroxide and calcium hydroxide pretreatment on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content in wheat straw

WANG Ze-jia, CHEN Yang, DONG Yuan-yuan

2020, 59(22):  97-99.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.017

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The experiment took wheat straw as the pretreatment object to study the effect of hydrogen peroxide and lime combined pretreatment with different concentration ratio on the content of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin (three elements) in wheat straw and the effect of different pretreatment time on the content of three elements in wheat straw.The effects of freezing-thawing conditions on the content of three elements in wheat straw were also investigated.Use titration method to determine three content,through research to determine the optimum freeze-thaw combined alkali pretreatment conditions as followsWhen the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide and calcium hydroxide was 0.4% and 0.2% respectively after two days of freezing at -10 ℃ and melting at100 ℃,the content of tri-element in wheat straw decreased most obviously,including17.5% cellulose,6.8% hemicellulose and7.8% lignin.

Research on habitat quality of green infrastructure in Yongding district based on InVEST model

YU Ji-wei, ZHU Shen-hai

2020, 59(22):  100-103.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.018

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The habitat quality of the green infrastructure in Yongding district was evaluated by the InVEST habitat quality model,which based on the land use data of Yongding district in2017 and combined with the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS software.The results showed that the overall green infrastructure in Yongding district was well maintained.However,because of the deeper urbanization,the construction land continues expanding,and the farmland was reclaimed in disorder,resulting in the degradation of habitat seriously and the quality of habitat poorly around the urban area of Yongding district and its rural area nearby.Human activities were the main factor of ecological change.Taking the evaluation and analysis about the change of habitat quality in Yongding district,the purpose was to provide scientific basis for ecological protection,coordination of the contradiction between ecology and development,and prevent the ecological damage of green infrastructure.

Research on spatial layout optimization of rural residential areas based on MCR model:Taking Pingshan county in Hebei province as an example

SHI Tie-chou, REN Guo-huan, CHEN Yu-qi

2020, 59(22):  104-110.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.019

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Taking Pingshan county of Hebei province as an example,this paper analyzes the current of the spatial distribution of rural residential areas,selects the evaluation system,determines the space division standard and the basic unit,formulates the evaluation index and selects the evaluation model,and uses the MCR model to calculate the minimum cumulative resistance,to summarize the spatial characteristics of rural residential areas.Based on the present situation,this paper puts forward the optimization countermeasures for the spatial layout of rural residential areas in Pingshan county,and determines the optimization direction,and according to suitable area,relatively suitable area,unsuitable area,extremely unsuitable area four kinds of partition,puts forward four optimization models of urban transformation,gradual merger,relocation and restricted development,and looks forward to the future development of rural residential areas.

Plant Protection

Investigation on the distribution of apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in the lower reaches of Yangtze river in China

JI Xiao-mei, WANG Ai-xin, FANG Lin-chuan, LI Chang-lin, XU Lin, YANG Shou-kun, LIU Xian-bao, ZHONG Lan, LIU Yi-man

2020, 59(22):  111-116.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.020

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The distribution of apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze river,including provinces of Anhui,Jiangxi,Jiangsu and Zhejiang and the city of Shanghai in China,was investigated,and the distribution characteristics,transmission routes and control strategies of apple snail were discussed.The results showed that some areas in the lower reaches of the Yangtze river are high-density distributed with apple snail and the most often invaded sites include ditches,shallow ponds,aquatic plant fields,rivers and lakes.There three main routes of transmission of apple snail to the lower reaches of the Yangtze river,i.e.,direct introduction by man,indirect introduction with aquatic plants and natural spread.In resent years,indirect introduction with aquatic plants has become the most important route of transmission of apple snail.The main control strategies of apple snailwere introduced.It was suggested that the quarantine for movement of aquatic plants to prevent the spread of apple snail with the plants,and the research in integratedcontrol technology should be strengthened.

Study on the effects of nitrogen filling insecticide on idle coiling machine in cigarette production workshop

DAI Tian-yi, LIU Chao, HAO Wan-li, ZHAO Xu-sheng, LI Yong-wang, LIU Yong

2020, 59(22):  117-120.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.021

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The effects of nitrogen filling on the idle coiling machine in the cigarette production workshop is studied.The double-layer sealing environment of the crimping machine is created by using the film and the aluminum alloy bracket to realize the double-layer isolation and sealing protection of the winding machine.The idle-rolling machine is subjected to nitrogen and oxygen reduction through the nitrogen generator equipment(The oxygen level of the tabernacle is less than2%) for more than40 days to observe the control effect of tobacco beetle(Lasioderma serricorne).The results show that the idle coiling machine in the cigarette production workshop can effectively kill the various tobacco beetles that breed inside the machine by sealing and purging nitrogen.

Optimization of fermentation process of Bacillus thuringiensis NBIN-863 by using response-surface method

LIU Xiao-yan, MIN Yong, CHEN Wei, LIU Fang, LIAO Xian-qing, ZHOU Rong-hua, RAO Ben

2020, 59(22):  121-124.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.022

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The study aimed to optimize the fermentation process of Bacillus thuringiensis NBIN-863.The key factors of the media components were investigated by using Plackett-Burman (PB) design.The central axises of these factors were determined by using steepest-ascent method.The optimized medium for Bacillus thuringiensis NBIN-863 was determined by central combination design and response surface method.It demonstrated that the key factors in NBIN-863 fermentation broth were starch and soybean meal.The optimized medium was obtained through response surface analysis as35.2 g/L of starch,34.7 g/L of soybean meal.The crystal conte nt of NBIN-863 fermentation broth was measured as5.4 mg/mL.The fatality rate of NBIN-863 fermentation broth for nematodes was81.0%,which was very close to the predicted value (81.2%) and80% higher than the actual mortality rate (45.0%) of NBIN-863 before optimization.

Study on appropriate flight parameters of disease and pest control for plant protection UAV in regenerated rice

YU Wei-pu, ZHOU Zhong-xiong, XU Guo-hua, WU Yun-zi, LIU Mian, XU Hui, YANG Hong-yong, XIE Lei

2020, 59(22):  125-127.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.023

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Based on the common unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV),the appropriate flight parameters of UAV for the control of diseases and insect pests in the ratooning rice field were studied,on the basis of widely used parameter such as flight height,spray volume and droplet size and the control effect of plant protection UAV on diseases and pests under different flight speeds was compared.The results showed that the flight parameters of the UAV represented by Dajiang MS-G1 were set at1.8 m altitude and 0.379 L/min rated flow,which can achieve good control effect in the range of4~6 m/s flight speed.However,with the increase of flying speed,the control effect decreased.According to the comprehensive control efficiency and cost,the control efficiency of the treatment with a flight speed of5 m/s was better than that of other treatments.

Acute toxicology studies of technical concentrate of Bacillus vallismortis NBIF-001

SHI Li-qiao, LIU Ying-juan, WANG Yue-ying, MIN Yong, LIU Xiao-yan

2020, 59(22):  128-129.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.024

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In order to evaluate the acute toxicity of technical concentrate of Bacillus vallismortis NBIF-001,acute oral toxicity test,dermal toxicity test and inhalation toxicity test were conducted according to the toxicological test methods for pesticides registration (GB/T15670—2017).The results showed that the acute oral LD₅₀ of the biopesticide was more than5 000 mg∕kg in male and female rats,the acute dermal LD₅₀ was more than5 000 mg∕kg and the acute inhalation LD₅₀ was more than5 000 mg∕m³.The acute toxicity of technical concentrate of Bacillus vallismortis NBIF-001 was very low.

Horticulture & Local Products

Study on the application effects of a special fertilizer for tea tree in young tea garden

SONG Jing-jing, JIANG Shao-bo

2020, 59(22):  130-132.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.025

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The effects of Chabaobao special tea tree fertilizer on growth and development of young tea plants and soil were studied in two consecutive years.The results showed that,compared with the conventional potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and urea treatment,the germination time,germination time,first bud first leaf spread and first bud two leaf initial spreading time of the three different quantities of tea tree special fertilizer treatment were2~3 days early,and the survival rate of the first year tea seedlings increased by19.37%,20.48% and21.22%,respectively.The survival rate of the second year tea seedlings increased by23.72%,25.28% and26.61%,and the number of branches increased by16.63%,24.71% and30.48% in the first year respectively.The number of branches of the tea seedlings increased by17.17%,23.23%,26.57% respectively.The height andthe stem diameter of the tea seedlings increased obviously,and the content of soil organic matter and alkali nitrogen could be increased,soil fertilizer and soil were improved.

A famous variety of purple Caitai——Hongshan Caitai

NIE Qi-jun, LI Jin-quan, DONG Bin-feng, HU Zhi-wei, REN Zhi-yong

2020, 59(22):  133-135.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.026

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The cultivation history,growth environment,characteristics,development and utilization,and cultivation techniques of Hongshan Caitai(Brassica rapa ssp.Chinensis var.purpurea) are introduced.Daguzi,the main variety of Hongshan Caitai,is good quality,it is about90~120 days from sowing to harvesting.The plant height is70~80 cm and the plant width is80~90 cm.The surface of the bolt is purplish red,with wax powder.The base of the bolt is thick,the average diameter of the base of the bolt is2.5 cm,the maximum diameter is more than5 cm.The length of the bolt is35~50 cm,and the maximum weight of the single bolt is more than100 g,the average weight is60~80 g.

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction on the yield and quality of spring tea

WANG Hong-juan, WANG You-ping, MAO Ying-xin, HUANG Dan-juan, CHEN Xun, TAN Rong-rong

2020, 59(22):  136-138.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.027

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In order to clarify the effects of fertilizer reduction on the yield and quality of spring tea,four fertilization treatments,including100% fertilizer (local traditional fertilizer amount)A,100% organic fertilizer B,30% organic fertilizer+70% fertilizer C and blank control CK were set.The results showed that the yield,hundred-bud weight and germination density of all fertilization treatments were higher than that blank control,but the differences between different treatments were not significant.The contents of tea polyphenols,amino acids and the ratio of phenol to ammonia in chemical fertilizer reducation treatment were not significantly different from those of other fertilization treatments,and the content of water extract was lower than that of other treatments.The content of catechin(C) in spring tea under fertilizer reduction treatment was significantly reduced,and the contents of C,GCG and CG were different from that under fertilizer treatment.Fertilization could increase the content of chlorophyll a and carotenoid and decrease the content of chlorophyll b,but there was no significant difference between fertilizer treatments.

Comparative of activity of antioxidant enzymes from Aloe barbadensis Mill. and Aloe vera L.var Chinesis

WANG Bin, ZHAO Jin-rong, ZHANG Teng-xiao, ZHAO Hong-bo, GUO Yan-yao, QI Qi

2020, 59(22):  139-141.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.028

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Using the old,middle and tender leaves,the whole leaves and the gel in the middle part of the leaves of Aloe barbadensis Mill.and Aloe vera L.var Chinesis as sample,the activity of antioxidant enzymes in different parts of the two barbados aloe varieties were compared.The results showed that there were great difference in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in different parts of Aloe barbadensis Mill.and Aloe vera L.var Chinesis.The highest activity of SOD,CAT and POD were in the gel of the old leaves,the middle leaves and the old leaves of Aloe barbadensis Mill.,respectively.The highest activity of SOD,CAT and POD were in gel of tender leaves,the old leaves,the old leaves of Aloe vera L.var Chinesis.Combined with biological production,the gel of middle leaves in Aloe barbadensis Mill and Aloe vera L.var Chinesis should be used as raw materials from the point of view of developing SOD,the the whole old leaves in Aloe barbadensis Mill.and Aloe vera L.var Chinesis should be used as raw materials from the point of view of developing CAT and POD.

Aquatic Products

Acute toxic effects of three common fish drugs on Odontobutis potamophila juveniles

LIU Yi-ran, HUANG Yang-yang, WU Qin, XIE De-bing, REN Yan, LI Bo, WANG Hui, ZHU Si-hua, XU Hong-liang

2020, 59(22):  142-145.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.029

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In order to study toxic effect of several common fish drugs on Odontobutis potamophila juveniles,static bioassays were conducted.Results showed that the24,48 and72 h ρ(LC₅₀) of10% povidonum-iodum (PVP-I) to the fish with95% confidence interval was estimated to be1466,1148,997.6 mg/L,respectively,with the safe concentration being270.0 mg/L.Results show that the24,48 and72 h ρ(LC₅₀) of40% phoxim to the fish with95% confidence interval was estimated to be4.030,1.207,0.409 mg/L,respectively,with the safe concentration being 0.1085 mg/L.Results showed that the24,48 and72 h ρ(LC₅₀) of4.5% Beta-thermometric (beta-CYP) to the fish with95% confidence interval was estimated to be3.007,2.695,0.974 mg/L respectively,with the safe concentration being 0.7246 mg/L.

Effect of cow dung degradation products on aquaculture water quality

LI Pei, CHEN Jian, LIU Wu, LI Qing, WANG Gui-ying, SUN Yan-hong, JIN Er-guang

2020, 59(22):  146-150.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.030

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Simulation experiment was conducted to study the effects of cow dung degradation products on aquaculture water quality at different water depths and fertilization amount.The results showed that the effect of cow dung degradation products on water quality was mainly reflected in the effects on total phosphorus,soluble phosphorus and dissolved oxygen,but not on total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen.The concentration of total phosphorus and soluble phosphorus in water was positively correlated with the amount of fertilizer,and negatively correlated with water depth,and there was a significant interaction between the two factors.

Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

Melatonin inhibits zearalenone-induced apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells

ZHOU Jia-wei, WU Jun-jing, QIAO Mu, WANG Xiao-zhong, LIU Gui-sheng, MEI Shu-qi, PENG Xian-wen

2020, 59(22):  151-154.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.031

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Primary cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells were used as a model to explore the effect of ZEA on the apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells,and to determine whether melatonin (MT) regulated the effect of ZEA on the apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells.The results showed that3 and10 μmol/L ZEA had no significant effect on the apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells,but30,50 and100 μmol/L ZEA significantly promoted the apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells,and showed a dose-effect relationship;It was found that 0.1 and1 μmol/L MT partially inhibited30 μmol/L ZEA-induced apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells and increased cell viability.

Study on the interaction of porcine APOA2 promoter and transcription factor GATA1

ZHANG Feng, LI Xin, CHEN Kun, CHEN Ming-xin

2020, 59(22):  155-159.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.032

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This study was aimed to clone the potential promoter region of porcine APOA2 gene and analyze its transcriptional activity,obtain its core promoter region,and analyze the effect of transcription factor GATA1 on the transcriptional activity of APOA2 gene for further studying the function of APOA2 gene in meat traits.The results showed that APOA2 gene was mainly expressed in liver and adipose tissue of white pigs.The results of dual luciferase activity indicated that there was the core promoter region of APOA2 gene5 'flanking region at -813 to -565 bp,and there were more likely to be some cis-acting elements promoting APOA2 transcription in the region of -659 to -565 bp.The results of GATA1 over-expression indicated that transcription factor GATA1 promoted the transcription of APOA2 gene.Site-directed mutagenesis assay confirmed that transcription factor GATA1 could directly bind to GATA1 binding sites (-608 to -599 bp) in the promoter region of APOA2 gene.Taken together,these results suggested that transcription factor GATA1 could directly target the promoter region of APOA2 gene and promoted APOA2 transcription.

Detection Analysis

Study on compositions and antibacterial activities of petroleum ether extracts from Fritillaria hupehensis Hsiao et k.c.Hsia

FANG Shi-qi, LI Yu, HUANG Dong-hai, AI Lun-qiang, LIU Cui-jun, HE Mei-jun

2020, 59(22):  160-165.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.033

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Study on compositions and antibacterial activities of petroleum ether extracts from Fritillaria hupehensis Hsiao et k.c.Hsia,Fritillaria hupehensis Hsiao et k.c.Hsia were collected from Enshi area,Hubei province,China,whoes total extract was obtained by ultrasonic extraction with ethanol solution (60%).And the total extract to obtain petroleum ether segment were extracted.The antibacterial activity and mechanism of petroleum ether segment of Fritillaria hupehensis were studied by means of filter paper method,dilution pour plate method,ultra micro ultraviolet spectrophotometer and conductivity meter.The composition of petroleum ether segment from Fritillaria hupehensis was studied by means of GC-MS,1D and2D NMR.Results showed that Hubei Fritillaria petroleum ether solution was moderately inhibitory sensitive on Bacillus thuringiensis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and mildly inhibitory sensitive on Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC13883,Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213,and Bacillus subtilis.Among them,the MIC/MBC of Bacillus thuringiensis,Bacillus subtilis,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were less than4.0 mg/mL.Through the exploration of antibacterial mechanism,the petroleum ether section of Fritillaria fragrans Hubei probably slowed the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis,Bacillus subtilis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa by destroying the cell membrane,and finally achieved antibacterial effect.This study also explored the composition of the petroleum ether Extracts from Fritillaria hupehensis Hsiao et k.c.Hsia.Total ion chromatograms of the petroleum ether Extracts from Fritillaria hupehensis Hsiao et k.c.Hsia were obtained and compared with the NIST08.LIB standard library based on retention time and mass spectrometry data.Finally27 compounds of the total ion chromatogram were obtained.

Agricultural Engineering

Fracture analysis of rear axle gear of rice transplanter

LU Wei-an, FENG Tian-yu, HAO Wen-bin, CHENG Jie, HUANG Shi-ming, GONG Rui, WANG Ben-yi

2020, 59(22):  166-169.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.034

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To solve the fracture problem of the20CrMnTi gear on the rear axle of the rice transplanter head,the broken gear is inspected for material quality,microstructure observation,hardness gradient detection,metal inclusion detection,and gear meshing dynamic analysis.The structural design analysis was carried out,and the internal relationship between the failure mechanism and strength of carburizing gear was established.The improvement measures of gears in design and technology were put forward.The results showed that the gear fracture is a tooth fracture,the gear is overloaded and the machining tool marks are the main reason of gear fracture.According to the analysis results and corresponding improvement measures were given to avoid similar accidents in the actual production process.

Economy & Management

Tourism image perception of health town based on network text and IPA model:Take Aishan SPA town as an example

GAO Shu-min, ZHANG Jun-xia, CUI Jing-fang

2020, 59(22):  170-175.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.035

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The study on tourism image perception of health town is of great significance to improve the quality of the town and improve the tourists' satisfaction.Based on the travel notes and comments of Ctrip,Meituan,Dianping,etc.,this study systematically analyzed the tourism image perception of Aishan SPA town by using the network text analysis method and IPA model.It was found that the tourism image perception of Aishan SPA town mainly included five aspectshealth care resources,health care environment,health care experience,infrastructure and professional services.Tourists pay less attention to the transportation facilities,accommodation facilities and other hard facilities,but pay more attention to the internal environment,professional services,hot spring resources and other soft environment.On this basis,the relevant suggestions were put forward.

Effects of topography on farmers' employment:An empirical analysis based on CHIP data

FU Hong-xue, FU Xue-jiao, MIN Yuan-yuan

2020, 59(22):  176-182.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.036

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Based on the location data of4821 poverty villages in Hubei province,this research studied the spatial distribution topography characteristics of poverty villages by using GIS technology.At the same time,by using the data of China's household income survey (CHIP),this research used SUR regression method to test the impact of topography on farmers' employment.The results showed that,40.16% of the poverty villages were located on the flat land with good topography conditions of cultivated land;the topography advantage was conducive to the transformation of farmers' employment;the possibility of farmers' unemployment and the number of unemployed households also decreased due to the topography advantage.

Game analysis between local government and landless farmers in the process of urbanization

LI Wei-li

2020, 59(22):  183-186.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.037

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With the acceleration of urbanization,the problems of interest division between local government and landless farmers were becoming more and more prominent.The conflict between them had become an important factor hindering the process of urbanization.Based on the analysis of the game fit point between the local government and the landless farmers,this study constructed the model of the relationship between the two,and explained the results.Finally,it put forward the path to realize the balance of interests from two aspectsthe consistency of the goal and the establishment of the system guarantee.

Research on the influence mechanism of international crude oil price on China's agricultural products price

GU Jia-le, MENG Qing-jun

2020, 59(22):  187-192.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.038

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With the gradual improvement of China's opening to the outside world,the price of China's agricultural products was increasingly affected by the price of international crude oil.Three mechanisms by which international crude oil price affect China's agricultural products price were analyzed.VAR models of international crude oil price and China's overall agricultural products price,soybean price and rapeseed price were established,and impulse response analysis and variance decomposition analysis were performed.The results showed that changes in international crude oil price would have the same effect on China's agricultural products price in the short term,but would have the negative effect after a period of time.At the same time,affecting the overall price of agricultural products by affecting the price of biofuels was an important way for international crude oil price to affect China's agricultural products price.Finally,it put forward suggestions on how to stabilize the price of China's agricultural products.

Research on the mechanism of urbanization level on energy consumption structure

LI, Xiao-jun

2020, 59(22):  193-198.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.039

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Based on the panel data of30 provinces in China from2004 to2016,this study used SPSS software to conduct K-means cluster analysis on urbanization level and energy consumption structure,and empirically test the mechanism of urbanization level on energy consumption structure by using spatial Durbin model.The results showed that,the level of population urbanization and land urbanization had the significant positive effect on the optimization of energy consumption structure;the energy endowment had the certain degree of inhibition on the transformation of energy consumption structure due to the dependence of energy endowment on energy.

Analysis on farmers' fallow willingness and influencing factors in Urumqi county

FAN Wen-hui, MENG Mei, WANG Zhi-qiang, LI Jia-ning, ZHANG Ming-zhu, GONG Hui

2020, 59(22):  199-203.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.040

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Cultivated land fallow is an important measure to realize the strategy of “Storing grain in land,Storing grain in technology”,and it is also a necessary way to realize the quality and safety of cultivated land.As the direct participants of fallow,the correct guidance of farmers to actively participate in the fallow was conducive to the steady progress of the fallow policy.Based on the questionnaire survey of313 households in Urumqi county,this study analyzed the farmers' fallow willingness and its influencing factors by using binary logistic regression model.The results showed that age,education level,farmers' support for the fallow policy,and farmers' satisfaction with the fallow compensation had significant positive effects on farmers' fallow willingness,while cultivated land area,cultivated land quality,and the expected subsidy value of farmers had significant negative effects on farmers' fallow willingness.Finally,according to the analysis of the implementation of the fallow policy,put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions.

Research on sustainable development path of seabuckthorn engineering forest in Qinghe county under resource constraints

SONG Wei, CHENG Ping

2020, 59(22):  204-208.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.041

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This study defined the connotation of sustainable development of engineering forest construction,and constructed the analysis framework of sustainable development of engineering forest construction.Taking the seabuckthorn engineering forest in Qinghe county of Xinjiang as the typical case,the development stage and basic situation of seabuckthorn engineering forest were systematically analyzed,and the problems existing in the sustainable development of seabuckthorn engineering forest were examined from the macro and micro levels,the opportunities and challenges of sustainable development of engineering forest in desert oasis were analyzed,which had certain reference significance for the construction of engineering forest in desert oasis.

Research on the green development efficiency driven by scientific and technological innovation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

ZHU Dong-yuan, SUN Hao-ran, JI Lei

2020, 59(22):  209-215.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.042

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As the green development of Yangtze River Economic Belt has become the national strategy,scientific and technological innovation as the key driving force to promote green development had important research value.This study used the DEA-SBM model to explore the status and trends of the green development efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Based on the panel data of11 provincial administrative regions in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from2011 to2017,the empirical analysis was carried out with the help of spatial econometric model.The results showed that,the overall level of green development efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt was not high,but it had a trend of gradual improvement,and the green development efficiency of the downstream areas was obviously stronger than that of the middle areas and upper areas;the innovation capital and innovation achievements of scientific and technological had a significant role in promoting the green development efficiency,and there was a spatial spillover effect,while the scientific and technological innovation talents had a positive effect on the green development efficiency but there was no significant effect.Finally,put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the regional green development.

Evaluation and influencing factors of rural tourism development in Henan province

YUAN Meng, WEI Yan, YAN Si-yu

2020, 59(22):  216-220.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.043

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From the five dimensions of resource endowment,natural environment,economic basis,social conditions and tourist market,the evaluation index system of rural tourism development level in Henan province was constructed.Using analytic hierarchy process,TOPSIS method and k-means clustering algorithm,the rural tourism development level in18 cities of Henan province was measured.The results showed that,the overall level of rural tourism development in Henan province was not high,the development was not balanced,and the spatial differences were large.On this basis,suggestions were put forward to speed up the development of rural tourism in Henan province.

Study on accommodation experience market of rural tourism

SHEN Hui-hui, ZHANG Jie, ZHAO Jin-lin

2020, 59(22):  221-223.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.044

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Through expounded rural tourism hotel industry development condition and experiential economy market mechanism,analysised the relationship between experience landscape and profitable market,it is suggested that we should promote various characteristics of home stay facility and create experience accommodation landscape,focus on consumers' recreation experience,vigorously develop cultural tourism,improve the accommodation environment of rural tourism,in order to promoted sustainable development of rural tourism market.

Analysis of the institutional innovation of the villagers' self-governance organization: Based on the confusion of its identity

DING ZHI-chun

2020, 59(22):  224-228.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.045

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Villagers' self-governance is an activity that the villagers directly manage the community affairs.The villagers' self-governance organization is the main platform and support for the villagers to exercise their autonomy.At present,there were many grass-roots organizations in rural areas of China.Their legal status was not clear,but they undertake more or less functions of villagers' self- governance.The long-term existence of this situation would not only damage the development of the villagers' self-governance organization,but also bring harm to the construction of the rural governance system.Finally,it would damage the rights and interests of villagers' autonomy.Therefore,it was necessary to clearly define the identity of the villagers' self-governance organization in law,and made corresponding system guarantee and innovationed for the construction and developmented of the villagers' self-governance organization.

Research on the transformation and development of rural nursing homes for the elderly from the perspective of holistic governance:Take Qidong city of Jiangsu province as an example

DAI Ling-yan

2020, 59(22):  229-232.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.22.046

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As the main carrier to solve the problems of the elderly in rural areas,rural nursing homes for the elderly played an important role in providing for the elderly in rural areas.From the perspective of holistic governance,taking Qidong city of Jiangsu province as an example,this study analyzed the problems existing in the process of transformation and development of rural nursing homes,such as the fragmentation of management subject's rights and responsibilities,the fragmentation of pension service supply,and the fragmentation of funding sources,and put forward the governance path of building coordination mechanism,improving integration mechanism and establishing trust mechanism.