Table of Content

25 April 2020, Volume 59 Issue 8

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Reviews

Application of mass spectrometry in the study of plant proteome

YAN Xin

2020, 59(8):  5-6.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.001

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Plant proteome reveals the dynamic change of physiological characteristics and plays an important role in multiple biological and pathological processes, including growth and development of plants, tissue differentiation and resisting external interferences. The advances in proteomics of plant different organs, different development stages, response to biotic and abiotic stresses based on mass spectrometry are reviewed, in order to provide reference for the design of train of thought and experimental method for the follow-up study of plant proteome.

The structure of Argonaute protein and research progress in plants

GU Shao-wei

2020, 59(8):  11-16.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.002

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In eukaryotic cells, many small non-coding RNAs combind with Argonaute protein to form the RNA-induced silencing complex, the Argonaute-sRNA can regulate gene expression by recognizing complementary RNA targets, which is called RNA interference. Argonaute-sRNA complexcan play interfering roles via multiply mechanisms in plants, and then participate in key biological processes such as pathogen defense and developmental regulation. Here, we review the classification and structural characteristics of Argonaute protein, as well as mechanisms of RNA interference and biological functions on Argonaute in plants.

Breeding & Cultivation

Current status and development prospect of upland rice planting in Hubei province

LI Ping, CAO Peng, JIANG Song-song, ZHANG Jian-she, CAO Cou-gui

2020, 59(8):  17-20.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.003

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With the increasing shortage of water resource, there is a urgent demand to develop upland rice planting in Hubei province. The significance of developing upland rice production in Hubei province is elaborated, the current status of upland rice planting is introduced, the remaining problems are analyzed, and the development prospect of upland rice production for Hubei province is clarified.

Effects of nitrogen on growth and physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings under drought stress

WU Xiu-ning, LIU Ying, WANG Xin-jun, ZHAO Zhi-xin, ZHAO Peng

2020, 59(8):  21-24.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.004

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The changes of growth indexes, physiological characteristics and chlorophyll content in wheat seedling leaves under different water-nitrogen coupling were determined. The wheat cultivars, namely Shangmai 5226 and Xiaoyan 15, were treated with 3 nitrogen levels low nitrogen, medium nitrogen, high nitrogen（0.5、8.0、15.0 mmol/L） and drought treatment simulated by PEG-6000. The results showed that, under moderate drought stress, maximum root length, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content were high nitrogen > medium nitrogen > low nitrogen, seedling height and stomatal conductance were medium nitrogen > high nitrogen > low nitrogen; under severe drought stress, maximum root length showed low nitrogen>medium nitrogen>high nitrogen, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content were medium nitrogen>high nitrogen>low nitrogen; under two drought treatments, root-shoot ratio was low nitrogen > medium nitrogen > high nitrogen, and intercellular CO₂ concentration was high nitrogen > low nitrogen > medium nitrogen. Moderate nitrogen could enhance the growth and photosynthetic capacity of wheat seedlings, indicating that nitrogen had a certain compensatory effect on drought stress.

Resource & Environment

Evaluation of land resources carrying capacity in Zhengzhou city based on remote sensing image

JIA Yi-bin, WANG Han

2020, 59(8):  25-29.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.005

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Taking Zhengzhou city, Henan province as an example, the relevant land use status data is obtained with the help of remote sensing technology, through the Landsat TM remote sensing image processing of Zhengzhou city in 2004, 2009, and 2013, and the coordinated development of population-resource-environment is fully considered. The carrying capacity of Zhengzhou city land resources are evaluated by using the analytic hierarchy process method, objective weighting method and multi-factor weighted sum method to establish an evaluation system of land carrying capacity in Zhengzhou city. The results show that from 2004 to 2013, the carrying capacity of land resources in Zhengzhou city has increased year by year; from 2009 to 2013, the use of land resources and the allocation of population resources are uneven, and the intensity of land use is low, due to the rapid population growth of Zhengzhou city; from 2004 to 2013, the land use structure of Zhengzhou city tends to be optimized, and the efficiency of land use has increased significantly. The land resource carrying capacity of Zhengzhou city in 2013 is close to the ideal state, indicating that the capacity during this period is relatively good, but it still needs to be improved for the sustainable development of land use.

Regional response of climate heat resources in typical oasis eco-region

WANG Yun-peng, LI Hong-ying, YU Ya-nan, LEI Shu-qin, GUO Liang-cai, HU Xin-hua

2020, 59(8):  30-34.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.006

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Jiuquan oasis in the west of Hexi Corridor is selected as the representative. Based on the daily temperature data of 8 meteorological stations in Jiuquan city from 1961 to 2018, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 10 ℃ in typical oasis eco-region in recent 60 years was analyzed by using 5-day moving average, climate tendency rate, M-K mutation test method and wavelet analysis. The results are as follows： The accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 10 ℃ is unevenly distributed, and the regional distribution is quite different. The accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 10 ℃ shows an increasing trend in which the first day is ahead of schedule and the final day is delayed. In recent 60 years, the accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 10 ℃, the final day and the duration days was changed abruptly in 2004, 1974 and 1997, respectively. The accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 10 ℃ has a strong oscillation period of quasi-26 years, since 1961—1970, 1971—1999 and 21st century, the change process of rise-fall-rise has been generally presented; The short-period oscillation of the first day, the final day and duration days of the accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 10 ℃ are obviously different at each time interval.

Analysis on characteristics of drought disasters and their impacts in Hubei province

ZHENG Zhi-bin, LIU Ke-qun

2020, 59(8):  35-40.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.007

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Under the background of global warming, the characteristics, spatial-temporal distribution, evolution trend and disaster-causing mechanism of drought disasters in Hubei province were analyzed. The results show that drought disasters occur in all seasons in Hubei province. Northwest Hubei including northwest, humpy ground in north, hilly area in central are the areas with the most drought disasters; While Southwest Hubei in south of the Three Gorges of Yangtze River is the area with the least drought disasters. July to October is the month with the most drought days, and January to May is the month with the least drought days. The frequency and intensity of drought disasters in Hubei province show a significant increase trend, which related to natural and geographical environment, human activities, water infrastructure construction and other factors. The threats of drought disasters to agricultural production, food security, drinking water security, ecological environment security and social development in Hubei province are becoming more and more prominent, so effective countermeasures should be taken.

Relationship analysis between autumn precipitation characteristics and wheat yield in northwest China

LIU Ying, ZHOU Zhong-wen, QIU Ning-gang, LI Qiao-xia

2020, 59(8):  41-44.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.008

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In order to study the spatial distribution characteristics and temporal variation of autumn precipitation in northwest China and the relationship with wheat yield, EOF and REOF were used to analyze the data of 119 meteorological stations in northwest China from 1961 to 2016. The results showed that there were significant spatial differences in autumn precipitation in northwest China. The minimum was 0.9 mm at Lenghu meteorological station in Qinghai province, and the maximum was 270.0 mm at Shiquan meteorological station in Shaanxi province. Autumn precipitation in northwest China mainly increased in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 2001—2016, while decreased in the 1990s. The autumn precipitation in northwest China could be divided into six climatic zones. The precipitation evolution of each representative station showed that there were many representative stations in Urumqi, Hetian and Golmud, but little others in 1960s and 1970s. The evolution of the third-order curve showed that precipitation of Urumqi decreased after 2005, while other representative stations increased. Precipitation in autumn was positively correlated with wheat yield in the following year.

Analysis of apple climate quality certification in Xifeng Loess Plateau in 2018

ZHOU Zhong-wen, LIU Ying, DU Jun, QIU Ning-gang, ZHANG Jun-lin, LI Qiao-xia, ZHANG Ke-xin

2020, 59(8):  45-49.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.009

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In order to study the impact of the climatic conditions of agricultural products on its quality, the observation data of light, humidity, temperature and other factors in Xifeng over the period 1981 to 2018 were compared and analyzed to determine the main climatic factors which affected apple quality during the key growth period. The meteorological indicators of key factors were quantified, and the disaster indicators of severe weather were refined and graded. According to the close relationship between the quality of agricultural products and climate, the certification model was established by weighted scoring method. Combined with the actual monitoring of weather and climate in 2018, the climate quality level of agricultural products was comprehensively assessed.

Effcets of different LED light qualities on growth characteristics of Myriophyllum verticillatum and purification efficiency of livestock and poultry farm wastewater

HU Qing-quan, SHA Qian, YANG Ren-can, CHANG Ya-jie, HAN Min, ZHAO Zhi-yong

2020, 59(8):  50-53.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.010

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In order to construct plant factory technology for Myriophyllum verticillatum L. treatment of livestock and poultry farm wastewater, the effects of different light quality on the growth characteristics of Myriophyllum verticillatum L. and purification capacity of livestock and poultry farm wastewater were investigated. The results showed that the biomass and purification efficiency were significantly higher under the treatment of red and blue light 3∶1 than that under the treatment of red and blue light 5∶1 and white light, with no significant difference with natural light （CK）. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll under the treatment of red and blue light 3∶1 and 5∶1 were not significant compared with CK, but significant compared with the treatment of white light. The treatment of red and blue light 3∶1 was similar to natural light in biomass, purification efficiency and photosynthetic pigment content, and it was suitable for the growth of Myriophyllum verticillatum L..

Screening of mixed sulfate reducing bacteria and study on its optimal growth conditions

PU Jia-hong, LUO Xue-gang, WANG Jing-ming, LIANG Zhu-ming

2020, 59(8):  54-57.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.011

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The mixed sulfate-reducing bacteria were screened by selecting the medium. At the same time, the optimum growth conditions were studied. The effects of inoculation amount, temperature, initial pH and Fe²⁺ on the growth of the mixed sulfate-reducing bacteria were investigated. The results showed that the mixed sulfate-reducing bacteria grew best when the inoculation amount was 10%, the temperature was 35 °C, the initial pH was 6.5, and the Fe²⁺ in the medium was 200 mg/L.

Study on effects of application of two biological-bacterial fertilizer on the of starch sweet-potato E6

DONG Cui, YANG Han, YANG Kang, HUANG Zhi-mou, GONG Wan-neng, CHAI Sha-sha, LEI Jian, WANG Lian-jun, SHU Wen-jin, YANG Xin-sun

2020, 59(8):  58-61.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.012

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The effects of two kinds of biological-bacterial fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of sweet potato E6 were studied in Zhijiang, Ezhou and Xianning. The results showed that the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the treated soil was higher than that in the control soil. The application of biological-bacterial fertilizer had no obvious promoting effect on the late yield formation of sweet potato E6, but it could significantly reduce the incidence of field diseases, especially the effect of solid bacterial fertilizer was more obvious. Sweet potato E6 had the highest yield in Zhijiang, followed by Ezhou and Xianning. In quality, Zhijiang was the best, Xianning and Ezhou were the second. The differences among the three locations were mainly due to the soil nutrient status and the influence of climate and environment. Higher potassium content and lower nitrogen content were conducive to the formation of yield.

Fertilizer effects research of new fertilizers on pepper

LI Lan-xian, ZHANG Song-shan, ZHAO Ding-jie, YIN Ming

2020, 59(8):  62-65.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.013

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Experimental studies were carried out on the effects of new fertilizers, including reducing fertilizer application, increasing organic fertilizer on the yield, quality and soil of pepper. The results showed that the treatment of 7 500 kg of organic fertilizer per hectare and 30% less fertilizer than normal fertilizer was more effective than that of a single chemical fertilizer, and the yield related traits such as weight increased, nitrite content was significantly reduced, vitamin C and soluble protein content was increased. Under the synergistic effect of fertilizer and organic fertilizer, the fruit characters of the compound fertilizer 1 260 kg plus microorganism organic fertilizer 7 500 kg were the best, the yield was the highest and the quality was better. Compared with single fertilizer, the yield of water-soluble fertilizer was the highest. The treatment of trace elements in application had the lowest fruit rate of malformation. Controlled release fertilizer could improve fruit quality and reduce nitrite content. In view of the problems of soil acidification and unscientific nutrient ratio after the experiment, it was suggested to apply formula fertilization scientifically.

Optimization of pretreatment process conditions for fumaric acid wastewater by response surface methodology

HUANG Biao, FAN Cong-ying, LAN Tian-xiang

2020, 59(8):  66-70.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.014

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The three-dimensional electrochemical method was used to pretreat fumaric acid wastewater, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was mainly studied. Based on the BBD response surface method, the individual and interaction of voltage, reaction time and initial pH were explored, and a mathematical model of ammonia nitrogen removal rate was established. The results show that the significant order of influence factors is voltage>reaction time>initial pH, and there is a certain interaction among the three, but it is not significant. A satisfactory prediction quadratic polynomial equation was derived by response surface methodology. The maximum removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is predicted to be 88.7%. The optimum operating conditions are： The voltage is 28.41 V, the reaction time is 87.27 min, and the pH is 4.55. Using the above best conditions, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate of 87.6% was obtained, which is consistent with the predicted value of 1.2%.

Plant Protection

Effects of compound preparation of tribenuron and fluoroglycofen-ethyl WP on weeds control and nutrient content in wheat field

ZHU Wen-da, WU Jia-jia, LI Lin, SONG Zhao-xin, ZHU Jia-hong, YAN Dong-dong, WANG Qiu-xia, LI Yuan

2020, 59(8):  71-73.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.015

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The control effect and application safety of 20% tribenuron · fluoroglycofen-ethyl wet table powder（WP） on weeds in wheat fields were studied using field test method. The results showed that 30 days and 40 days after application, the comprehensive plant control effects of weed control varied from 75.49% to 88.93%, 59.61% to 70.42%, respectively; And the comprehensive fresh weight control effects was 81.92% to 87.29%.

Effects of triasulfuron·isoproturon on controlling weeds and nutrient in wheat field

ZHU Wen-da, CAO Ao-cheng, WU Jia-jia, LI Lin, SONG Zhao-xin, ZHU Jia-hong, YAN Dong-dong, WANG Qiu-xia, LI Yuan

2020, 59(8):  74-76.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.016

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50% triasulfuron · isoproturon wet table powder（WP） for controlling weeds in wheat fields was tested. The results showed that 30 days and 90 days after application, the comprehensive plant control effects of weed was 96.08%~99.46%, 98.31%~100%, respectively; 90 days after application the comprehensive fresh weight control effects was 99.95%~100%, The comprehensive plant control effects of the control agent 50% ethersulfuron WP and 50% isoprolong WP on weed control were 97.37%, 97.09% and 100%, 98.99%, respectively, and the fresh weight control effects were 100% and 99.97%, respectively.

Study on the Zhanshi biological pesticides degradation agent of five kinds of pesticide degradation effect in Solanum muricatum trees

LIU Chao, WANG Yue, QIU Bi-li, DUAN Li-na, YANG Yan, ZHANG Shao-long, MEI Li-bao

2020, 59(8):  77-79.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.017

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To analyze degradation effect of fenpropathrin, carbendazim, propiconazole, chlorpyrifos, methidathion on Solanum muricatum trees by Zhanshi biological degradation of pesticide. The pesticides with biological degradation of pesticide were used on Solanum muricatum trees, and blank control was done at the same time, the degradation effect of biological degradation of pesticide to pesticides on days 1, 5, 10 and 15. The results showed that the Zhanshi biological degradation of pesticide had degradation effect to fenpropathrin, carbendazim and propiconazole, the degradation rate was from 55.3% to 90.7%, the degradation effect was not remarkable to chlorpyrifos and methidathion, the degradation of cycle was 1~15 days, and the effect had weakened after 15 days.

Determination of bacterial inhibitory fluid of fringe cells in pea root by several antibiotics

WANG Fang, QIAO Mei-xing, YU Min

2020, 59(8):  80-82.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.018

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By means of liquid culture, the inhibition of 5 antibiotics on bacteria contaminated by culture medium and degradation of edge cells of pea root were determined. The results showed that the five kinds of antibiotics in 50~4 000 mg/L concentration gradient, in both the edge bacterial cell cultures of certain inhibitory effect. Among them, the appropriate selective concentrations of roxithromycin, cefuroxime octyl and enol were 2 000, 1 000 and 1 000 mg/L, respectively, and the inhibitory rates reached 93.48%, 58.70% and 91.30%, respectively. The degradation of penicillin, roxithromycin, cefuroxime octyl, gentamicin and enol at 500, 500, 1 000, 1 000 and 500 mg/L on marginal cells was slow, which was 63.89%, 58.95%, 60.80%, 73.15% and 58.95%, respectively. The effect on marginal cells was significantly enhanced with the increase of concentration.

Summer reproductive capacity of Pomacea canaliculata in different habitats of Guangxi

LIANG Bi-xia, CHEN Xin-yu, WU Zheng-jun, CHENG Rui, HUANG Jin-long

2020, 59(8):  83-88.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.019

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In order to understand the reproductive capacity of Pomacea canaliculata in different regions of Guangxi and its influencing factors, six habitats （rice field, waste field, gutter, pond, river, swamp） in Guilin, Laibin and Beihai in Guangxi, were collected from July to August 2018. The length, width and weight of the eggs mass and egg diameter as well as the total number of eggs were measured. The correlations between incubation rate and these factors were analysed, respectively. The results showed that the number of single egg grains was 48~1 041, and the mean value was （256.19±155.67）. The number of eggs in the pond habitat was the highest, and the mean value was （395.61±213.33）. The number of eggs in waste field was the lowest, the mean value was （168.39±55.47）; The egg diameter was 1.72~2.72 mm, mean value was （2.17±0.17） mm, and the diameter of the ditch habitat was the largest and the mean was （2.32±0.13） mm. The diameter of the egg in the rice field was the smallest, and the mean value was （2.07±0.16） mm. The number of egg grains and the diameter of egg grains in different areas were Laibin > Guilin > Beihai. The number of egg grains between habitats showed pond > river > swamp > ditch > paddy field > waste field. The diameter of the egg grains in the habitat was pond> swamp> ditch > river > waste field > rice field. Pomacea canaliculata in Guangxi in the summer was not related to latitude. The habitats with high water surface height or food were rich, and the number of eggs was larger and the diameter of the egg grains was larger. There were significant differences in egg number and egg diameter between different regions and habitats.

Horticulture & Local Products

Effects of heat treatment on physiological characteristics of fruits of passion fruit after harvest

TENG Zheng, YANG Cui-feng, HUANG Li-zhu, GAN Shan-ping, CHENG Qiao-zhen

2020, 59(8):  89-92.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.020

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Hot water treatment at different temperatures （40 ℃, 45 ℃, 50 ℃ and 55 ℃） for 2 min, 5 min, 8 min and 10 min on the changes of fruit firmness, soluble protein and soluble sugar content on postharvest purple passion fruit during storage were studied, in order to investigate the effects of heat treatment on postharvest passion fruit physiological traits as well as the optimal heat treatment temperature and duration. The results showed that hot water treatment at 55 ℃ for 2 min delayed the decline of fruit firmness, soluble protein and soluble sugar content during the storage of passion fruit, postponed the ripening process of passion fruit.

Study of the suitability and supporting technology of high ridge and plastic film mulching technology for flue-cured tobacco in Chenzhou city

YANG Yang, ZHANG Shi-zhou, WAN Ding-hai, LIU Bi-rong, LIAO Jian-song, JIANG Chao-qiang, GONG Shuang, WU You-xiang

2020, 59(8):  93-98.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.021

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Using the low ridge and no plastic film mulching as control, high ridge and plastic film mulching as treatment, the suitability of high ridge and plastic film mulching technology in tobacco-growing area in Chenzhou city was investigated, the suitable transplanting period and depth was found. Two factors, transplanting time and transplanting depth, each with three gradients, were used to compare the agronomic characters, economic benefits, chemical composition, coordination and sensory evaluation quality of tobacco leaves in each experimental area at maturity by using the randomized block experiment. The results show that the high ridge and plastic film mulching technology can ensure the normal growth of tobacco plants under normal or dry climate. The agronomic traits, economic benefits, chemical components, coordination and sensory evaluation of tobacco plants with high ridge and plastic film mulching are better than the control tobacco plants. High ridge and plastic film mulching technology is suitable for tobacco-growing area in Chenzhou city. The yield and quality of tobacco would be the best by using D2S3 treatment （transplanting period is March 16, transplanting depth 20 cm）.

Changes of growth regulators of Camellia sinensis （L.） Kuntze var.niaowangensis Q.H.Chen under low temperature stress in Guizhou

WANG Ying, LI Yan, WANG Shu, XIANG Zhun, ZHAO De-gang

2020, 59(8):  99-102.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.022

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To understand the changes of growth regulators in tea plant [Camellia sinensis （L.） Kuntze var.niaowangensis Q.H.Chen] under the different low-temperature in Guizhou province, one-year-old tea plants of the cultivar were used as the material and the changes of growth regulators content were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Compared to the control, Camellia sinensis （L.） Kuntze var.niaowangensis Q.H.Chen mostly exhibited lower contents in IAA、GA, and ABA content,ABA/GA were higher than control under the 4 ℃and 1 ℃ treatment. While mostly contents of ABA、IAA、GA were significantly higher than control and ABA/GA was no significant change in the 10 ℃ treatment. With the increase of stress time, the content of ABA and IAA increased first and then decreased with the change of time, the content of GA decreased, the ratio of ABA/GA increased, and the content of ABA and GA increased first and then decreased at 10 ℃, the content of IAA decreased. Under low temperature, Camellia sinensis （L.） Kuntze var.niaowangensis Q.H.Chen can improve the growth inhibiting substance such as ABA and reduce the growth promoting substances such as IAA and GA, in order to adjust the endogenous hormonesbalance in plants to cope with low temperatures.

Analysis and research on flowering period of original ecological flowering cherry community in Gexianshan scenic spot of Xianning city

WEI Hua-bing, LI Lei, LUO Yu

2020, 59(8):  103-106.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.023

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Using the nine years of flowering survey data of wild flowering cherry in Gexianshan scenic spot of Xianning city from 2011 to 2019 and the observation data of the adjacent area meteorology station in the same period,the flowering characteristics and the accumulated temperature forecast indicators of the original ecological flowering cherry community in Gexianshan scenic spot were analysed according to the basic theory of constant accumulated temperature of crop development, using the phase rule of accumulated temperature, double scale statistical recursive generalized discrete coefficient method. The results showed that the average dates of the initial time of flowering and the full-bloom stage of flowering cherry in Gexianshan scenic spot were March 11 to March 12 and March 15 to March 16, respectively, and the average interval of the initial time of flowering and the full-bloom stage was 4~5 days. The florescence index of flowering cherry in scenic spot were since January 11, ≥1.1 ℃ phase accumulated temperature of 316.8 ℃ and 369.7 ℃ respectively by the stage accumulated temperature method. The mean error of this index in predicting flowering was 2~3 days.

Effects of different disinfection methods and germination matrix on seed germination of 10 species of Rhododendron L.

LIU Guang-chao, TIAN Xiao-ling, LI Xiu-yang, HUANG Cheng-ling

2020, 59(8):  107-110.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.024

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To explore the effects of different disinfection methods and germination matrix of rhododendron, 10 species of Rhododendron L. were tested, disinfection treatment were as follows, disinfect with a concentration of 0.3% of the potassium acid solution for 10 minutes, disinfect with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes, disinfect 10 min with 0.1% Hg solution, disinfect with 70% alcohol for 30 seconds +1% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes,disinfect with 70% alcohol for 30 seconds+0.1% Hg solution for 10 minutes. In addition, the germination rate, germination potential and germination time of 10 species of Rhododendron L. seeds were determined by filter paper, sponge, gauze and specific culture medium. The results showed that, different disinfection methods had different effects on germination rate and germination potential of different Rhododendron L.. But on the whole, the germination rate and germination potential of 1%NaClO and 70% alcohol +1%NaClO were higher than other disinfection methods. And the delay of germination were also significantly shorter than other disinfection methods. Agar culture medium was suitable for most of the Rhododendron L. seed germination, and the gauze was not suitable for germination matrix of Rhododendron L. seed .

Evaluation on the growth potential of Ginkgo biloba L. and Lagerstroemia indica L. planted in road green space of Chongqing city

LI Ling-li, ZOU Shi-hui, YU Zhi-yong, WANG Bao-ning, YANG Li-jun, ZHOU Li

2020, 59(8):  111-115.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.025

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10 plants of Ginkgo biloba L. and Lagerstroemia indica L. were selected from the road green space and nursery of Chongqing city, measured the phenophase, the root index, physiological index and the branches growth indexes, in order to comprehensively evaluate the growth potential of two cultivated varieties, so as to provide the reference for the evaluation of landscape maintenance and landscape seedling selection.

Storage & Processing

Preparation and antioxidant evaluation on hardleaf oatchestnut starch/carboxymethyl chitosan blended-membrane

WANG Jie, XIA Cai-fen, ZHOU Li, TIAN Xiang

2020, 59(8):  116-120.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.026

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The blended-membrane was prepared with hardleaf oatchestnut starch （HOS） as antioxidant, carboxymethyl chitosan （CMC） and polyethylene glycol （PEG） as casting solutions by high speed shearing mode. The morphology and antioxidant activity of the HOS/CMC/PEG blended-membrane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and oxidant tests. The results showed the HOS was evenly distributed in the blended-membrane. The scavenging rate of DPPH free radical was 11.92% when the content of HOS was 13% （weight percent）. The scavenging rate of superoxide anion was 15.26% when the content of HOS was 10%（weight percent）. And the scavenging rate of hydroxyl free radical was up to 40.57% when the content of HOS was 7%.

Effects of different storage conditions on the germination vigor of Haloxylon ammodendron（C.A.Mey.）Bunge seeds

WANG Ze, REN Cai, LIANG Yan, YAN An, MA Hao, LUO Yan-li, SU Ling

2020, 59(8):  121-125.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.027

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The mature Haloxylon ammodendron（C.A.Mey.）Bunge seeds in Turpan were used as experimental materials, to study the effects of storage time, temperature and seed moisture content on the germination vigor of H.ammodendron（C.A.Mey.）Bunge seeds.The results showed that, under the storage mode of room temperature and refrigeratort for nine months, with the extension of storage time, the seed germination percentage showed a decrease trend, and the rate of decline were 46.50 and 35.50 percentage point. The reduction of germination percentage of storage seeds in refrigerator was lower than room temperature in various periods. Under different storage temperatures for three months, the characteristics of germination percentage, germination potential, germination index and fresh weight of embryo were -10 ℃>-18 ℃>-4 ℃>4 ℃>room temperature. With the storage temperature was decreased, the trend was increased first, then decreased significantly. Under different seed moisture content stored three months, the characteristics of germination percentages, germination index, root length and vigor index of seeds were as follows, with the seed moisture content was decreased, the trend was increased first, then decreased, and the reduction was lowest under the storage conditions of seed moisture content of 5.50%. There were extremely significant negative correlation between storage temperature and vigor index, between storage seed moisture content and germination index,vigor index, respectively. The order of correlation coefficient between seed germination percentages, vigor index and different storage conditions was moisture content>storage temperature>storage time, however,the order of correlation coefficient between seed germination potential,vigor index and different storage conditions was storage temperature> moisture content>storage time.

Detection Analysis

Study on quality of Pinellia ternate（Thunb.） Breit of Xixian county from different sampling points

WANG Hai-yan, LI Jin-ping, ZHOU Bin, DONG Zhi-yao, CHEN Qiong

2020, 59(8):  126-128.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.028

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From the characteristics, powder microscopy, TLC, water content, total ash, extract examination and total acid content, the quality differences of Pinellia ternate（Thunb.） Breit of Xixian county from 7 sampling points were compared. Results showed that Pinellia ternate（Thunb.） Breit powder of Xixian county from 7 sampling points have the same microscopic characteristics and the results of TLC, but their characters, water content, total ash content, extracts and total acid content are different. Provenance, breeding method, wild environment and rearing condition have influence on the quality.

Determination of fatty acids in vegetable oil by gas chromatography

LIU Ying-sha, CUI Li-hui, ZHAO Lu, LI Guo-xiu

2020, 59(8):  129-133.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.029

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The fatty acids of 11 kinds of oil samples and 13 kinds of oil products in the market were determined by gas chromatography, and the fatty acid content and composition of oil samples were compared. Through the addition ratio of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, 13 kinds of oil samples had no significant difference, but for the three indexes of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid of 13 all the oil samples were different.

Determination of four kinds of inorganic anions in different animal skin gelatin and E jiao from different manufacturers

LIU Wen, LI Feng, QIN Jie-ping, FENG Xu

2020, 59(8):  134-137.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.030

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To establish a method to determine the contents of Cl^-,SO₄^2-,NO₃^-,PO₄^3- in animal skin gelatin and E jiao from different manufacturers by IEC. Results showed that Cl^-,SO₄^2-,NO₃^-,PO₄^3- were well separated and showed good linearity at 0.000 922~0.023 1, 0.001 09~0.027 3, 0.000 167~0.004 18, and 0.000 314~0.007 86 mg/mL. The average recoveries were between 98.7%~101.1%. Result of this method was accurate, sensitive, credible and repeatable. It could be applied to the content determination of 4 kinds of inorganic anions in animal skin gelatin and E jiao from different manufacturers.

Determination of total flavonoids and mangiferin in mango flesh

LIU Chang-kai, YANG Li, HE Lin-fei

2020, 59(8):  138-140.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.031

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A method for the determination of total flavonoids and mangiferin in mango flesh was established. The total flavonoids in mango flesh were determined by uv-spectrophotometer. Mangiferin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the total flavonoids had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 17~520 μg/mL （r=0.999 9）, the average recovery was 99.03%, and the RSD was 1.42% （n=6）. Mangiferin showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 4.0~80 μg/mL （r=0.999 9）, with an average recovery of 101.59% and RSD of 1.87% （n=6）. The method developed in this paper was simple, accurate and reproducible. It can be used for the determination of total flavonoids and mangiferin in mango flesh.

Determination of aroma components of Santalum album linn by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

LI Mei-qin, LU Bin, LI Fang, ABULIZAILI Aili, LIU Xiao, CHEN Guo-tong

2020, 59(8):  141-144.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.032

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The volatile components of sandalwood were enriched by solid phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relative content of each component was calculated by area normalization method. The results showed that under normal temperature and drying condition,39 chemical constituents were identified,including olefins （91.15%）, alkanes （3.00%）,alcohols （2.56%）,esters （2.19%）,ketones （0.55%）,aldehydes （0.41%） and heterocycles （0.14%）. This method has the advantages of less sample consumption, easy operation, rapid identification of aroma components and high sensitivity. It could effectively separate and determine volatile substances in sandalwood, realize rapid identification of different sandalwood varieties, and provide effective technical support for further research of Chinese medicinal materials.

Information Engineering

Research on construction safety early warning based on BIM and RFID sensor integration technology

CHEN Yue-hua, SHEN Qian-yi

2020, 59(8):  145-150.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.033

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In order to reduce the rate of safety accidents and improve the level of safety management, the integrated technology of BIM and RFID sensors were introduced, and from the perspective of danger source management and control, three sources of danger： people, objects and mechanical equipment were identified, and a safety early warning system for construction sites was constructed. Finally, the tomographic analysis method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were used to evaluate the safety management level before and after using the system. The results showed that this system could significantly improve the safety management level of the construction site and provided a new management method for safety management.

Optimization of efficiency of shell breaking of Camellia shell breaking machine

HU Yi-fei, WANG Yan-qing, HUANGFU Si-si

2020, 59(8):  151-153.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.034

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The purpose of this study was to optimize the performance index of camellia shell breaking machine. The parameters affecting the Camellia shell breaking machine were determined by the machine design parameters, namely the roller speed, the track angle, and the cylinder pressure, and a single factor orthogonal test was performed on it.The results showed that the cylinder pressure> stick speed> track angle, and the best working condition of the camellia shell breaking machine was 40° track angle, roller speed 80 r/min, and cylinder pressure 3 bar, Under these conditions, the shell breaking rate was 94.5%, the sub-breaking rate was 1.8%, and the shell-containing rate was 17.1%, it met the working requirements..

Method of clustering segmentation for tea sprouts based on sharpness function

HUANG Tao, FANG Meng-rui, XIA Hua-kun, ZUO Liang-liang, LYU Jun

2020, 59(8):  154-157.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.035

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Aiming at the problem of over-segmentation and under-segmentation in tea sprouts segmentation under natural environment, a new method based on sharpness function evaluation and color clustering was proposed. The image regions with high sharpness function were obtained by combining Tenengrad gradient evaluation and slider analysis, then K-means clustering segmentation under RGB, HSV, Lab, YCbCr color models were finished. Experiments showed that the upper quartile of Tenengrad gradient value as the threshold, the missed selection rate was 25%;Under the HSV color model, the segmentation of tea sprouts was achieved by K-means clustering methods, and the segmentation accuracy in sunny and cloudy were 72.48% and 77.83%. Compared with the direct K-means segmentation method, the false positive rate are reduced 5.19% and 2.03%. The method could segment tea sprouts in natural environment effectively,reduce under-segmentation accuracy and over-segmentation rate, provide theoretical reference for intelligent picking.

Biological Engineering

Callus proliferation and bud differentiation of Gynostemma pentaphyllum

CAI Zheng-wang, LIU Jing

2020, 59(8):  158-160.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.036

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With stem of Gynostemma pentaphyllum as explants, MS was used as the basic medium, and different plant growth additives were added to optimize the optimal medium for inducing callus, bud differentiation and rooting. Results showed that the optimal culture medium for callus proliferation was MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L +NAA 0.01 mg/L, callus volume increased 2.7 times; The most suitable bud differentiation medium was MS + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L, the average number of bud 5.7; To take root the optimal medium for MS culture medium added 0.1 mg/L NAA, the rooting rate was 91%.

Bioinformatics analysis of tobacco polyphenol oxidase

ZHANG Yong-fen, WANG Ping

2020, 59(8):  161-163.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.037

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In order to carry out bioinformatics analysis of polyphenol oxidase in tobacco, the tools of ProtScale, PhyML and Meme were used to read polyphenol oxidase, and the hydrophobicity, phylogenetic tree and conserved motif were analyzed. The results showed that all members of tobacco polyphenol oxidase were hydrophilic amino acids; the phylogenetic tree of polyphenol oxidase members was divided into three categories, among which tobacco and tomato were clustered, and the second group had the most members; NtPPO1, NtPPO2 and NtPPO3 contained the same conserved motifs, and the positions of NtPPO1 and NtPPO2 were similar, and there were some differences between NtPPO3 and them.

Economy & Management

Study on the evolution and driving factors of ecological environment in Shanxi province

GUO Peng-cheng, ZHANG Xiao-ping

2020, 59(8):  164-168.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.038

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Taking Shanxi province as the evaluation unit, the evolution process and trend of the ecological environment were analyzed in Shanxi province from 2005 to 2016 on the basis of the main socio-economic data,the index system of driving factors of the ecological environment evolution was constructed based on the structural changes and pollution and treatment. By means of principal component analysis, the driving factors of ecological environment evolution in Shanxi province were discussed. The results showed that during 2005 and 2016, the ecological environment in Shanxi province experienced the process of deterioration first and then improved, and showed the trend of gradual improvement. The first principal component was the main driving factor, which reflected that the economic system played the most important driving role in the evolution of ecological environment in Shanxi province. Industrial structure and environmental governance were the internal and external driving forces of the evolution of regional ecological environment, respectively. Pollutant emission and agricultural production were the secondary driving factors, the concept of socio-economic development and regional eco-environmental quality influenced each other to promote regional sustainable development.

Investigation and evaluation of mining relic resources in Yaozhihe national mining park,Baokang county,Hubei province

YAN Zhi-wu, TIAN Qi, XIE Yun-hu, ZHOU Ling

2020, 59(8):  169-172.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.039

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Mining relic is the core landscape of the mine park, was an important natural tourism resources, mining relic survey is of great significance to the mine park. Taking yaozhihe national mining park in baokang, hubei province as an example, this paper classified and evaluated the mining relics of the park. Among them, the discovery of paleo-microbody biogeochemical group and typical sedimentary phosphate deposits in the sinian doushantuo formation had important scientific value. Therefore, the research results should provided technical support for scientific research, protection, rational exploitation and utilization of mining relic resources.

SWOT quantitative analysis of walnut industry development in Shangluo of Qinba mountain area

GUO Meng, ZHANG Shuai, WANG Yi

2020, 59(8):  173-177.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.040

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The development of industry was the fundamental strategy to get rid of poverty. Taking the walnut industry of Shangluo City in Qinba mountain area as the research object, this paper used AHP-SWOT research method to construct strategic quadrilateral, calculated strategic type azimuth, drew industrial development strategic type and intensitied map, and carry out quantitative research on strategic decision-making problems described qualitatively. The conclusion showed that the advantages of walnut industry development in Shangluo were higher than the disadvantages, the development opportunities were greater than the threats, the strategic coefficient ρ was greater than 0.5, the development strategy type was the strength type development strategy, and the plan to seize the external development opportunities and make full use of its own advantages was the key direction of future development. Based on this, this paper put forward some countermeasures and suggestions, such as grasping the policy and market opportunities, doing a good job in the top-level design of industrial development, increasing investment in science and technology and talents, and integrating resources and brand advantages.

On the mode choice of ecological environment damage relief in China

YU Xing-kang

2020, 59(8):  178-181.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.041

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Based on the consultation system of ecological and environmental compensation system, this paper introduced the main modes of ecological damage relief in China macroscopically, analyzed the shortcomings of different modes, and proposed that the public law thinking should be advocated to construct the mode of ecological and environmental damage relief which was dominated by public law and supplemented by private law.

Clean development mechanism of Enshi based on the “Two Mountain” Theory——Research on the project of household biogas and carbon sequestration forest

FU Shou-kang, QIN Wu-feng, ZHANG Rong

2020, 59(8):  182-188.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.042

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Under the background of construction of ecological civilization system, poverty was prominent for the realization of ecological resources enrichment of hubei enshi green development, according to the theory of "two mountain" to guide the enshi green development practice, through the door with methane and carbon sink forest project research, discussed the status and existing problems of the clean development mechanism would be, was put forward through the energy production and consumption structure optimization.Focusing on the construction of household biogas and carbon sequestration projects, we would strengthen the capacity building of the clean development mechanism, optimized the ecological compensation mechanism, and introduce more resources into the green poverty reduction in a market-oriented way.

Study on quality cost accounting of agricultural enterprises based on Activity-Based Costing：Taking JH company as an example

DONG Mei

2020, 59(8):  189-193.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.043

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In the management of agricultural enterprises, quality cost accounting plays a key role in quality management decision. Taking JH company as an example, based on Activity-Based Costing, the application of Activity-Based Costing in the quality cost accounting of agricultural enterprises was analyzed by constructing a mathematical calculation model of Activity-Based Costing. Comparing the results of Activity-Based Costing and traditional costing,the results showed that Activity-Based Costing could calculate the corresponding cost of each product and provide information basis for enterprise management. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the basic work of quality cost accounting of agricultural enterprises, establish quality cost assessment system, and realize quality cost information sharing and communication, so as to make the Activity-Based Costing play a role in the quality cost accounting management of agricultural enterprises.

Analysis of driving factors of agricultural water in Yangtze River economic belt based on LMDI

SHENG Qian, XIA Yu-xin, SHEN Xiao-mei

2020, 59(8):  194-198.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.044

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Optimal allocation of water resources has become the core issue of green agricultural development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It is the key to clarify the internal driving factors and effects of agricultural water change. Based on the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2002 to 2017, the influencing factors of agricultural water was divided into technical level, industrial structure, production level and population size by using the logarithmic mean divisia index method. Furthermore, the effects of different factors on agricultural water were analyzed. The results showed that, as a whole, the output effect and population effect promoted the growth of agricultural water, in which the output effect was dominant, and the technology effect and the structure effect restrained the agricultural water. From a regional perspective, Shanghai city, Anhui province, Jiangxi province, Hubei province, Chongqing city, Sichuan province and Guizhou province played an overall role in promoting agricultural water. Jiangsu province, Zhejiang province, Hunan province and Yunnan province had a restraining effect on agricultural water.

Risk assessment of greening existing buildings in China based on GA-BP neural network

CHEN Yue-hua, ZHANG Rui-qi, LI Xiao

2020, 59(8):  199-205.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.045

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There are many obstacles in the process of green renovation of existing buildings in China, which not only slows down the development of green renovation, but also increases the risk of renovation projects. In this study, the risk evaluation index system for green renovation of existing buildings is established for the retrofitting party. According to the different degree of impact of each risk factor, the weight of each index is given by the AHP method. The Matlab software is used to train the established GA-BP neural network, which is applied to the post-risk evaluation of the green transformation of the building and the risk assessment of the proposed green transformation project. The results show that for the reformer, risk management in the decision-making and design stage should be increased.

Government subsidies, R&D expenditure and performance of agricultural listed companies：An empirical study based on 44 agricultural listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A stock market

QIU Xiao-xue, ZHANG Ying

2020, 59(8):  206-209.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.046

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Based on market failure and technological innovation theory, the 44 agricultural listed companies in the Shanghai-Shenzhen A-share market from 2016 to 2018 were used as the research samples to study the relationship between government subsidies, R & D expenditure and the performance of listed agricultural companies. It also considers the intermediary effect of R&D expenditure on government subsidies and corporate performance. The results show that government subsidies have a significant promotion effect on listed agricultural enterprises‘ R&D expenditure and corporate performance; listed agricultural enterprises’ R&D expenditure is significantly positively correlated with their corporate performance, and there is a significant difference between the current government subsidies and agricultural enterprise performance Mediation effect.

Empirical study on the impact of farmers' income structure on non-grain farmland based on PVAR

LI Ya-ya, ZHAO Xiao-feng

2020, 59(8):  210-213.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.047

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The development of urbanization, industrialization and the liberalization of the separation of powers of contracted land have accelerated the non-grain phenomenon of farmland. Using the PVAR model, the dynamic relationship between farmers' income and non-grain farmland was analyzed, and the impact of farmers' income structure on non-grain farmland was discussed. The results show that from 2002 to 2017, the change trend of non-grain area and non-grain rate of farmland is basically the same, showing different characteristics at different stages under the influence of economic development and national policies. Non-grain farmland is mainly affected by farmers' wage income. Household operating income, property income and transfer income have a significant positive effect on non-grain farmland, but the long-term contribution rate is small.

Challenges and countermeasures for the conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity for food and agriculture

TIAN Xue

2020, 59(8):  214-217.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.08.048

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The importance and role of food and agricultural biodiversity were discussed, the challenges faced by the world's food and agricultural biodiversity were analyzed, and the countermeasures for protecting food and agricultural biodiversity in China were described. The results show that many key components of food and agricultural biodiversity are gradually shrinking, and the lack of data often limits the planning and sequencing of effective remedial measures. Some countermeasures for the protection and sustainable use of food and agricultural biodiversity in China have been proposed.