HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Metabolic inheritance and ecological adaptation mechanism of plants responding to selenium

ZENG Wei-chao, CHEN Da-qing

2020, 59(7): 5-10. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.001

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The absorption and tolerance of selenium by plants are the key factors in the production of selenium rich foods, the research progress of selenium rich metabolism, molecular mechanism and ecological function of plants at home and abroad was reviewed from the perspective of biochemistry, physiological genetics and ecology, and the research trend of plants and selenium was prospected.

Application of isotopic tracer technique in soil selenium transformation and research progress of plant availability of selenium

YU Feng-yuan, JIANG Dai-hua, LI Sheng-hui, WANG Shi-jia

2020, 59(7): 11-15. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.002

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Selenium is an essential trace element for human beings and animals. The application of isotopic tracer technology in the transformation of selenium and its soil and the availability of plants are reviewed, and the development trend of isotopic tracer technology of selenium is prospected.

Research progress and prospect of lake wetland vegetation succession

HU Dan-ying, ZHAO Fei, YUAN Long-yi

2020, 59(7): 16-19. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.003

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As a part of terrestrial water circle, lake wetland is involved in the water cycle in nature, and the dynamic succession of vegetation directly reflects the health status of lake ecosystem. The research status of influencing factors of vegetation succession is reviewed, the research methods used in the process of exploring vegetation succession are introduced, and some cases in practical application are shown, and the future research on vegetation succession is prospected.

Active components of rice and its mechanism of action

LI Xiao-xiao, LI Zhi-bin, WANG Fang

2020, 59(7): 20-23. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.004

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The active components found in rice over the years are summarized,and these active ingredients are mainly rice polyphenols, γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）, resistant starch（RS）, oryzanol, sterol and octacosanol,their mechanism of action. Furthermore, the mechanism of action is described systematically, and the clinical trials of the active components confirmed by the results are summarized.

Comparative study on different seeding planting methods of cotton in hardened groud in cotton-planting area of northern Jiangxi province

LIU Xin-wen, WANG Tao, YANG Shao-qun, DENG Yan-feng, YANG Xiu, KE Xing-sheng, XIAO Shui-ping

2020, 59(7): 24-27. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.005

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Three kinds of direct seeding planting methods commonly used by cotton farmers（code A： trench strip sowing, code B： bamboo tube on-demand, code E： trench on demand） and two new kinds of cotton board direct seeding planting methods （code C： burrowing sowing with covering fertilizer, code D： burrowing sowing with covering soil） in northern Jiangxi province were used planting cotton. The using time, labor intensity, amount of seeds weight, emergence rate and agronomic traits of cotton under different direct seeding mode was compared to find a suitable way for direct seeding planting to reduce the labor intensity of cotton farmers, reduce the labor input and increase the benefit of cotton planting in northern Jiangxi. The results showed that five different direct seeding planting methods had no significant effect on the agronomic characters and fiber quality of cotton, and the emergence rate of each direct seeding method was better, above 85% （except A）. The performance of mode A was less saving time and not saving effort, which was greatly affected by cotton field moisture. The performance of mode B was saving time and effort, but it had strict requirements for cotton field moisture, which was used according to soil moisture. The comprehensive performance of mode C was better, which was saving time and less saving effort. The performance of mode D was less saving time and not saving effort, which had strict requirements for cotton field moisture. The performance of mode E was saving time and not saving effort, which was greatly affected by cotton field moisture. Comprehensive analysis, burrowing sowing with covering fertilizer （code C） and bamboo tube on-demand （code B） had good comprehensive performance. They achieve the purpose of light simplification of planting, which are suitable for large area planting and further demonstrated and popularized in cotton-planting area of northern Jiangxi.

Effects of different potassium fertilization modes on yield, quality of lettuce and soil regime

LI Chun-ping, WANG Su-ping, DU Lei, HONG Juan, HUANG Xiang, ZHANG Gui-you, ZHANG Li-hong, YE Li-xia, LIAN Zhi-cheng, JIANG Li, CHEN Gang

2020, 59(7): 28-32. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.006

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In order to obtain high quality organic potassium fertilizer suitable for lettuce production, a potted lettuce experiment was set to study the effect of different organic potassium fertilizer application on lettuce （Lactucas sativa L. var. ramosa Hort.） yield, quality and soil potassiums. The results showed that the application of potassium fertilizer could significantly increase the yield and quality of lettuce, and significantly improve the soil enzyme activities, microbe quality and nutrient status. Under the condition of equal application of potassium, 1∶1 application of chemical potassium fertilizer and biogas slurry can significantly improve the yield of lettuce. Its yield increased by 6.34%~30.53% compared with other potassium fertilizer treatments. The content of VC and soluble sugar of the treatment 1∶1 application ratio of chemical potassium fertilizer and biological bacteria fertilize postassium was the highest,followed by T₄. The combination of chemical potassium fertilizer and corn or rice straw potassium can significantly improve the soil conditions, the soil enzyme activity and microbial condition were significantly better than other treatments, the combination of chemical potassium fertilizer and biogas slurry were the second. Therefore, we can choose biogas slurry or straw as the source of organic potassium fertilizer in lettuce planting.

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer regulation on tiller number and leaf area index of rice

ZHOU Li-yan, HUANG Ying-hua, ZHANG Shan-xuan, GUO Zhi-yao, HONG Rui-xia, WANG Yu-lin, XIA Li-sha, FU Lu, LI Yan-da, CHEN Qing-chun

2020, 59(7): 33-37. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.007

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In order to clarify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on the number of tillers and leaf area index of rice, the main varieties of Yongnongsimiao and Hemeizhan were used as test materials, and five nitrogen fertilizer levels were set for the experiment. The results showed that during the same growth period, the total stem tiller number, ineffective tillers and leaf area index of rice plants increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate; among them, the nitrogen application amount, tiller number and leaf area index, there was a significant positive correlation between them （r>0.8）. Appropriate amount of nitrogen application can increase the number of tillers and leaf area index of rice and promote its growth and development, but excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will increase the number of ineffective tillers and reduce the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.

Effect of a formulated foliar micro-fertilizer Lingdan on fruit production of Juglans regia

CHEN Wei, ZHUO Ren-fa, XIA Ling-yu, LI Shuang-long, DUN Chun-yao, CHEN Bei-bei

2020, 59(7): 38-40. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.008

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A 6-year-old forest age was selected in the Juglans regia fruit forest as material. The effects of the formula type foliar micro-fertilizer Lingdan on yield per plant and some traits affecting nut quality were studied. The results showed that the application of formula type foliar micro-fertilizer Lingdan had a great influence on the yield and agronomic traits of Juglans regia fruit. Applying the formula type foliar micro-fertilizer Lilydan can increase the amount of dried fruit produced, increase the kernel rate, and reduce the shape of Juglans regia fruit and the weight of Juglans regia shells, but does not affect the thickness of the shell.

Effects of different base fertilizers, and ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium topdressing on the growth of Camellia nitidissima seedlings

CHAI Sheng-feng, TANG Jian-min, ZOU Rong, WEI Ji-qing, TANG Hui

2020, 59(7): 41-45. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.009

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In order to improve the growth rate of Camellia nitidissima and realize its early flowering and premature birth, the effects of different base fertilizers, and ratios of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） topdressing were studied. The results showed that chicken manure and garbage sludge as base fertilizers had obvious promoting effect on the growth of Camellia nitidissima, but pig manure had poor effect. The medium level of N and P and low level of K topdressing had the best effect on the growth of Camellia nitidissima. It was beneficial to the growth of Camellia nitidissima seedlings when 5 kg/plant of chicken manure was used as the base fertilizer at seedling transplanting period, and 29.49 g/plant of urea, 37.43 g/plant of superphosphat and 8.98 g/plant of potassium sulfate was used as topdressing fertilizer in the following growing season.

Effects of organic fertilizer and biostimulant on soil microorganisms and tomato growth and yield

ZHAN Ji-dong, ZHI Ye, LIANG Si-wei, ZHAO Juan, LU Hao-wen, LI Tian-le

2020, 59(7): 46-48. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.010

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This study is to explore the effects of organic fertilizer and biostimulants on soil microorganisms, plant growth and yield, and to provide the improved fertilization scheme for plant growth. Using tomato （Solanum lycopersicum） as experimental materials, the effects of different fertilization treatments were investigated by a randomized block experiment. Four treatments were set up, including control, 0.1% biostimulant, Fubang 5% organic fertilizer and Fubang 5% organic fertilizer plus 0.1% biostimulant. The changes of soil microorganisms, the plants growth and the yield of tomato in each experimental plot were recorded, and their differences were statistically analyzed. The results showed that quantity of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes in soil were significantly increased by applying 5% organic fertilizer plus 0.1% biostimulant, and the plants growth and the yield of tomato were significantly higher than those of the other three treatments. In clude, the fertilization scheme, 5% organic fertilizer plus 0.1% biostimulant, can significantly enhance soil beneficial microbial population, promote plant growth and improve vegetable yield and quality.

Effects of film mulching on the content of soil nutrient and production and quality of Brassica pekinensis

LIAN Zhi-cheng, HUANG Xiang, HONG Juan, CHEN Gang, DU Lei, WANG Su-ping, ZHANG-Gui you, ZHANG Li-hong, YE Li-xia

2020, 59(7): 49-54. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.011

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A split-block field experiment was conducted with film mulching（M） or no film mulching（NM） as main factor and different fertilizer as the deputy factor（no fertilizer CK,farmer accustomed fertilization CF,reduced rate of fertilization RF and improved reduced rate of fertilization IRF）. Meanwhile, the contents of available N, available P, available K, available Zn and available B in different soil layers were determined. The results showed that the weight per plant, the biological yield, the economic yield, the fertilizer use efficiency, and the economic yield of Brassica pekinensis were significantly increased by mulching compared with no mulching. Fertilization can also significantly promote the growth of Brassica pekinensis, improve plant nutrient content and uptake. Fertilization can significantly increased nitrate content, decreased soluble sugar content and vitamin C content of Brassica pekinensis, but the effect of film mulching on quality index was not significant. Film mulching significantly increased the content of available N and available K, decreased the leaching degree of available P, and significantly affected the contents of available B and available Zn in topsoil, but not in deep soil.

Effects of microbial agents and organic fertilizers on microbial flora in tobacco planting soil

XIONG Wei-liang, ZHANG Zong-jin, ZHANG Yuan, CAI Yan, YE Qin-xin, GOU Xiao-mei

2020, 59(7): 55-58. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.012

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In order to study the effects of the combination of microbial agents and organic fertilizers on the microbial flora of tobacco planting soil, through field plot experiments and two factors and complete combination, the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in tobacco planting soil of different treatments at different periods were determined. The results showed that,in all combinations, the number of soil bacteria at the three periods of flue-cured tobacco was the highest under the combination of microbial agent and organic fertilizers of amino acid organic fertilizer, microbial residue and shrimp peptide organic fertilizer, respectively, especially amino acid organic fertilizer compounding treatment, which was 249.1%~705.5% higher than that of other compounding treatment; The number of soil actinomycetes was optimally under the combination of microbial agents oil dry, amino acid organic fertilizer and shrimp organic fertilizer, respectively, especially at vigorious growth period, which was 1.2%~116.6% higher than that of other treatments; The number of soil fungi at the sapling stage and mature period of flue-cured tobacco was the lowest with fulvic acid organic fertilizer, and was the lowest at vigorious growth with cow manure compound treatment. In summary, the combination of microbial agent and amino acid organic fertilizer can effectively improve the microbial flora of planting tobacco soil, which is the best combination of microbial agent and organic fertilizer.

Effects of vegetable waste compost on soil fertility and enzyme activity

LI Jian, QIAO Wei-hua, WANG Tao, AO Yan-song

2020, 59(7): 59-63. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.013

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The effects of four different organic fertilizer treatments, commercial organic fertilizer, vegetable waste compost, commercial organic fertilizer + microbial inoculum, vegetable waste compost + microbial inoculum on the physicochemical properties and catalase of vegetable greenhouse soil were studied. The results show that each treatment can significantly reduce soil pH, increase soil organic matter content and cation exchange capacity, reduce soil bulk density and increase soil porosity to a certain extent, and the effect of adding microbial inoculants is more obvious. The content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in each treatment increased significantly, and the content of available phosphorus and available potassium increased to varying degrees. The effect of compost treatment of vegetable waste was better. Each treatment can increase the content of catalase in the soil. The composting effect of vegetable waste is better than commercial organic fertilizer. The effect of composting vegetable waste compost with microbial inoculum is better. Each treatment can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and increase the biological activity of the soil. The effect on the soil from strong to weak is vegetable waste compost + microbial inoculum, commercial organic fertilizer + microbial inoculum, vegetable waste compost, and commercial organic fertilizer.

Analysis and evaluation of fertilizer fermented from spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii Pholiotanameko

JIANG Qiong-feng, LU Zhi-hong, REN Chao-di, YUAN Zhi-hui

2020, 59(7): 64-67. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.014

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To provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of bacterial chaff to make fertilizer for agricultural use and realize the reuse of waste resources, the nutrient composition and heavy metals content of spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii Pholiotanameko fermented fertilizer was analyzed, and the influence of different fertilizers on the growth of cash crops was evaluated. The results showed that the heavy metal content of spent mushroom substrate conformed to the relevant requirements of industry standard NY 525—2012. The crude protein and crude fiber content decreased significantly after fermentation, while the content of amino acid and organic matter were increased greatly. Compared with the blank control, the mixed fertilizer were applied to cash crops ginger （Alpinia coriandriodora D. Fang）, corn （Zea mays L.） and Chinese cabbage （Brassica chinensis L.） could increase the leaf length, plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, POD activity and soluble protein conten.

Analysis of spatial and temporal differences of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in agricultural soil

SHEN Jie-yu, YANG Si-yu, HU Ai-ling, XU Feng, HUANG Yun-xin

2020, 59(7): 68-71. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.015

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Nitrogen and phosphorus emission from farmland is one of the important sources of agricultural non-point source pollution, and its emission potential may be affected by many environmental factors. Xihuang village, Xinzhou district, Wuhan city, Hubei province was selected as the experimental site, and the boxplot method and the analysis of variance method were used for the study. The results showed that the average nitrogen content of the study site was between 0.974~1.297 g/kg, and the autumn paddy field content was relatively high, while the summer dryland content was relatively low. The average level of soil phosphorus content was between 0.491 g/kg and 0.676 g/kg, among which the content of near-residential areas in summer dry land was relatively high, while that in distant paddy fields in autumn was relatively low. There was a significant difference in nitrogen content between seasons and water and drought, and there was no significant difference between the neighborhoods. There was a significant difference in phosphorus content between seasons, water and drought, and residential areas.

An investigation on soil nutrient status and water content in Ziziphus jujuba cv. Lingwuchangzao orchards of main producing area in Ningxia

LI Hui, LI Bai-yun

2020, 59(7): 72-76. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.016

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To understand the soil nutrient and water status of main producing area of Ziziphus jujuba cv.Lingwuchangzao in Ningxia, six representative planting bases were selected to analyze the content of pH, total salt, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed N, available P, available K and water. Results showed that the average pH, total salt,organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed N, available P, available K of jujube orchards soil were 8.36,1.46 g/kg, 6.68 g/kg, 47.83 mg/kg, 21.07 mg/kg and 127.61 mg/kg respectively. Compared with the 2nd National Soil Survey, the organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed N content were lack, the available P was very abundant, the available K was abundant. The nutrient status of Orchard Village and Daquan forest farm were better. In terms of soil water content, the Orchard Village was higher, the Lyuyuanheng and Zhongxi Company were lower. The development of soil nutrient and water content in different bases were unbalanced.

Economic and environmental benefits of maize intercropping patterns on sloping farmland in Danjiangkou reservior area

LI Tao, ZHE Zheng-hua, CAI Jian-bo, XIA Wen-jian, XUE Li-hong, YU Wen-chang, LIN Shan

2020, 59(7): 77-81. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.017

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The experiment was conducted in natural rainfall condition under in the Danjiangkou reservoir area from 2013 to 2015 to study the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from slop farmland and economic benefit under different planting patterns of maize（Zea mays L.） monoculture, maize intercropping angelica dahurica（Angelica dahurica） and maize intercropping sweet potato [Dioscorea esculenta （Lour.） Burkill]. The result showed that the maize and other crops intercropping had better interception effect on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss, and could decrease the soil and water runoff loss from slop farmland. In comparison with the maize monoculture, runoff loss of total nitrogen was decreased under maize intercropping angelica dahurica and maize intercropping sweet potato, with the decreases of 32.09% and 20.37%, respectively, the runoff loss of total phosphorus decreased by 32.08% and 18.40%, respectively, and the sediment particle losses decreased by 9.18% and 11.05%. The maize intercropping angelica dahurica had the highest economic benefit, followed by the maize intercropping sweet potato, and the economic net income reached 4.24 times and 2.73 times than maize monoculture, respectively. Maize intercropping angelica dahurica was the optimal cropping pattern and should be adapted to a larger area in Danjiangkou reservoir area according to its economic benefic and non-point source pollution control by nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland.

Climate quality suitability evaluation techniques for crisp pears in Ningling county, Shangqiu

SHI Gui-fen, ZHANG Yuan-da

2020, 59(7): 82-87. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.018

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Using meteorological data and data of the development period of crisp pears in Ningling county, taking the climate suitability divisions that affect the quality of crisp pears, the meteorological conditions for annual crisp pear growth, and the meteorological disasters during the growing period as the main evaluation indicators, a comprehensive analysis and evaluation were carried out and weighted scores were given, and a climate quality suitability evaluation scoring algorithm was established. Statistical analysis was performed on the climatic resources and main meteorological disasters of various growth periods of crisp pear in Henan province Ningling county demonstration park in 2017, and score calculation was performed. The results show that the climate resources during the key growth period of this year can meet the growth of fruit trees and fruits. There are sufficient light and heat resources, sufficient precipitation during the young fruit period and fruit expansion period, and the main meteorological disasters are high temperature heat damage and drought in midsummer. The final score was 94.5 points, and the climate quality of the crisp pears in this area was considered to be excellent that year.

Climate suitability assessment of summer maize in Cangzhou city

GAO Cao, HAN Dian-chen, ZHAO Xiao-han, XING Li-zhu, LI Lian-xiang

2020, 59(7): 88-91. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.019

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Based on the growth environment requirements of summer maize and the climate conditions of Cangzhou city, a climate suitability evaluation model of summer maize was established, which was affected by the average temperature, active accumulated temperature, sunshine hours and precipitation during the whole growth period of summer maize. The meteorological observation data of Cangzhou city from 2010 to 2017 were selected, and the climate suitability of summer maize in Cangzhou city was improved by using GIS analysis technology and weighted comprehensive evaluation method. The regionalization study was carried out. The results showed that the distribution level of planting suitability of summer maize in Cangzhou was not uniform. The overall trend is gradually increasing from northwest to southeast. Renqiu, northwest Hejian and Suning are sub-optimal areas with relatively low economic returns. Wuqiao, Dongguang, Nanpi, Yanshan, Haixing, Mengcun and southeastern Cangxian are the most suitable areas for summer maize cultivation. Both heat and rainfall and water conditions can meet the growth needs of summer maize, and the economic returns are relatively high. It is suggested that the appropriate climatic strips should be rationally utilized. We should increase the planting area of summer maize in these areas to promote local agricultural development.

Spatio-temporal analysis and obstacle diagnosis on water resources coordination in the middle reaches of Yangtze river

GUO Jia-li, YU Jing, HE Yu-jie, JIANG Lu, ZHANG Ze-wei

2020, 59(7): 92-98. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.020

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As an indispensable natural resource for human survival and development, the rational coordination use of water resources is the main point to achieve sustainable development. In this paper, the spatial and temporal pattern of the coupling relationships among water resources, economic society, ecological environment and smart technology system in 12 cities in Hubei province from 2008 to 2017 were analyzed by extended coupling coordination degree and obstacle degree model. The results showed that the coupling coordination degree presented the significant rise-fall-up trend during the evaluation period. The current average coordination degree is 0.635 5 and in a moderate coordination level. In the spatial distribution, the coordination degree presented three evolution states. The coordination degree in the southeast area of China is the highest, while in the western area it is steadily rising, and in the central-north area it fluctuates greatly. The system obstacles are ranked as water resources, smart technology, ecological environment and economic society. The southeast and southwest areas belong to smart technology lagged, and the northwest area belongs to water resources lagged.

Spatial-temporal distribution and variation tendency on static and dynamic agricultural ecosystem services value based on the clustering analysis in Gansu province

LIU Yang, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Gao-sen, ZHANG Bing-lin, JIANG You-jin, ZHANG Song-lin

2020, 59(7): 99-108. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.021

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The composition of agricultural ecological services static value and different types of ecological service functions static value in Gansu province from 2008 to 2017 was estimated by the ecological service function value equivalent factor method. In consideration of the spatial dynamics character of agricultural ecological services, the dynamic value composition of various ecological services was estimated by the weight ratio assignment of different service functions based on clustering and stratification and priority index. And the temporal-spatial distribution of the dynamic value of agro-ecological services in Gansu province was studied. The results showed that the dynamic value of agricultural ecological service functions in Gansu province increased by years from 2008 to 2017. Different dynamic value contributions varied greatly. Grain conservation and other service functions had less correlation with the dynamic value. Total static value of agricultural ecological services in Gansu province from 2008 to 2017 reached 2 187.34 billion yuan. The total dynamic value was 18 34.58 billion yuan. Compared with static value, the value of each dynamic function reduced. The results of variation trend of dynamic value predicted with hots-colds pots found that changes in the agro-ecological environment in Gansu province were instability. The composition of service functions was unbalanced, as well as the elasticity was poor and restorative force was weak. To sum up, Gansu province is in urgent need of the construction of agricultural ecological service functions vigorously developing agricultural economy, actively constructing ecological agriculture, in order to maintain the balance of agricultural ecology, promote the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems, and increase the value of agricultural ecosystem services．

Temporal and spatial characteristics and its dynamic analysis on plant cover in Enshi city

YU Ke-jin, SONG E-ping, TAN Zhi-zhong

2020, 59(7): 109-112. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.022

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In this paper, the temporal and spatial variation and spatial distribution of plant coverage in Enshi were analyzed by transfer matrix and statistical analysis based the plant cover data which extracted from the remote sensing images during 2007 to 2015 by using RS and GIS technology and using the normalized vegetation index and pixel dichotomy model. The comparison analysis showed that the plant coverage in Enshi City was mainly of the plant coverage over comparative high level, and the proportion of the plant coverage over the third was more than 68%. The overall distribution was characterized by lower plant coverage in the central and north-eastern regions, and gradual increasing to the south-west and the north-west. The highly plant-covered area was mainly in the south-west and the south-east. The plant coverage of Enshi showed positive growth trend during 2007 to 2015 and has no degradation of partial and overall. The transfer-out area of medium and the comparative higher plant cover was basically shifted to the highly plant covered area. The area of the plant highly covered was increased by a total of 910.3 km², the increasing proportion was 22.98%. The plant coverage of most area in Enshi was at a high level of coverage, and presented growth trend in total from 2007 to 2015.

Spatial-temporal variation analysis on land use in fuhai county

ZONG Ya-fei, CAO Yue-e

2020, 59(7): 113-116. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.023

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Research on land use variation is a key content related to regional sustainable economic development. In this paper the variations of land use in Fuhai county including land-use variation, land-use degree were analyzed by land-use transfer matrix with the help of geographic information system and based on land-use data of Fuhai County, Xinjiang in 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016. The results showed that the variation of land use types in Fuhai county was not significant from 2010 to 2016, and the natural state was relatively stable in whole.

Research on low temperature and freeze injury indicators for brick wall greenhouse tomato in Inner Mongolia

XIAO Fang, LI Yun-peng, YANG Yu-hui, WU Hao

2020, 59(7): 117-120. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.024

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Based on microclimate observed meteorological data within a greenhouse from December 2017 to February 2018 in Inner Mongolia, the tomato growth data and frost damage factors were analyzed, and the regression models of daily minimum temperature inside and outside greenhouse under different weather conditions were established. Meanwhile, the minimum temperature index of different levels for tomato freeze injury was ascertained. The results showed that, the occurrence of low temperature and freeze injury for greenhouse tomato was not only related to the daily minimum temperature, but also to the duration of low temperature and relative humidity. The quadratic curve of daily minimum temperature inside and outside the greenhouse was fitted the best in clear,cloudy and overcast days,and the correlation coefficients were 0.733, 0.820, and 0.423, respectively. The temperature forecast index for mild freeze injury was -18.5~-10.4 ℃, -10.6~-7.4℃, and -8.4~-4.4℃ in clear,cloudy and overcast days, the temperature forecast index for moderate freeze injury was -20.5~-18.5 ℃, -13.0~-10.6 ℃, and -11.4~-8.4 ℃ in clear,cloudy and overcast days, and the corresponding values for severe freeze injury were ≤-20.5 ℃, ≤-13.0 ℃, and ≤-11.4 ℃ in three weather conditions, respectively.

Study on discrimination index of winter precipitation types in Hangzhou city

LI Jin, MAO Ze-jian, ZHOU Juan

2020, 59(7): 121-125. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.025

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Based on the daily radiosonde data and surface observation data in winter during 2008 and 2017 in Hangzhou city, the indices on temperature and thickness closely related to transformation of precipitation phase are studied. Eventually, a set of objective discrimination criterion for different precipitation types is summarized in Hangzhou city. The test results show that the objective discrimination criterion has a good performance to rain and snow, and there is neither empty report nor missing report with TS scores of 100%。 In practical application, while weather factors are inconsistent with thresholds of some indices in this discrimination criterion, the supplementary reference criterions proposed in this paper can be combined. Results from this paper can provide a reference for the daily operational forecasting of Hangzhou city in winter.

Study on the meteorological insurance index of rice insurance： A case study of Lianyungang city

DONG Jing-ming, ZHANG Yin-yi, CHEN Jiang-wen, HAO Ling, SHI Da-wei

2020, 59(7): 126-130. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.026

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Based on the rice yield per unit area in Lianyungang in the past 30 years and the meteorological elements in the past 30 years, using the 5-year linear sliding average, the meteorological yield was separated, the correlation between meteorological yield and various meteorological factors was tested. According to the correlation results, sunshine was selected as the agrometeorological insurance index factor, and the most sensitive period of heading, flowering and grain-filling maturity of rice were selected, at the same time, the relationship model between the yield reduction rate and the duration of low illumination was established. Then, based on the sunshine meteorological data of each district and county in Lianyungang, the Weibull distribution model was used to simulate the probability of the occurrence of the under-illumination meteorological disaster in different areas, and the yield reduction model was used to determine the pure premium rate under different disaster triggering levels. The results showed that the yield reduction rate of rice in Lianyungang was a function of three times with the number of days of low illumination, among which the probability of occurrence of low illumination disaster was higher in irrigated Guanyun, Guannan and lowest in Ganyu district, and the pure premium rate of meteorological disaster index insurance in Lianyungang was higher in south than in north, guannan County has the highest net rate, at 8.32 per cent on the light disaster payment trigger scale, while Ganyu district has the lowest, at 2.98%. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for the development of policy-based meteorological index insurance for rice in Lianyungang.

Study on thunderstorm potential forecast in Tangshan city

CHAI Rui, CAO Xiao-xia, WANG Ai-jun, WANG Guan, MIAO Guo-rong, XU Jian-peng

2020, 59(7): 131-135. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.027

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Combining the 552 radio sound observations during June and August from 2015 to 2017 with the lightning location information within a range of 50 km around Tangshan, this article applies dynamic clustering method to classify thunderstorm occurance in Tangshan district into three categories （as category 1, 2, 3）. The reliability of the categories is verified with overlay of lightning location information onto radar echo PPI. Ten convective parameters associated with each radio sound observation are filtrated by the means of gradual selection and stepwise regression method. The convective parameters, which are closely related to thunderstorms, are selected as the forecasting parameters and are used for principal component analysis so that an explanation on the relationship between the factors and thunderstorm is given. Finally for the potential prediction of thunderstorms, Bayes discriminant and Logistic regression discriminant are deployed to establish prediction models and Logistic regression discriminant can also provide the probability of the three categories. The results show that the forecast accuracy of the methods mentioned above are better than 70 percent and might be used as a reference in the specified district.

Effects of mineral curing agents on absorption and enrichment of heavy metals in vegetables and pollution risk

SU Shi-bo, XU Hui-ting, JIA Fei, CHEN Huan-yuan, ZHANG Wei-wen, ZHANG Hang-jun, ZHU WEI-qin

2020, 59(7): 136-141. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.028

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Taking heavy metal contaminated soil in Huzhou, Zhejiang province, as test soil, apply 1.0% and 2.5% of 4 kinds of mineral curing agents, zeolite, bentonite, diatomaceous earth and vermiculite, setting no added blank （CK） and base fertilizer added blank （FZ） for potting test, the effects of mineral curing agents on the growth, heavy metal content and enrichment characteristics of vegetables （Shanghai Green） were studied; and pollution assessment and health risk assessment of heavy metals were carried out. The results showed that the addition of mineral curing agent can effectively promote the growth of vegetables and reduce the heavy metal content in edible parts, and can reduce the absorption and accumulation of Cu, Zn, and Cd in the soil by vegetable roots and stems and leaves. After the addition of mineral curing agent, the comprehensive pollution level of heavy metals in vegetables can be reduced to mild pollution or alert level, and the health risk index has also decreased. With the addition of 2.5% vermiculite, the overall pollution level and health risk are the lowest. The addition of appropriate amount of mineral curing agent can promote the growth of vegetables in contaminated soil and control the pollution and health risks of heavy metals.

Analysis of soil pollution and chemical oxidation remediation in relocated chemical sites

ZHOU Huan, HU Lin-chao, HU Min, ZHU Lei-ming, MAO Lin-qiang, ZHANG Wen-yi

2020, 59(7): 142-146. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.029

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Aiming at the pollution problem of the site left after the relocation of chemical companies, a contaminated soil at a relocated chemical site in southern Jiangsu was taken as the research object. The status quo analysis determined that the target pollutants were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds and chlorobenzenes. According to the characteristics of organic compound polluted sites, 1-naphthylamine, 1,2-dichlorobenzene and 1,4-dichlorobenzene were used as main pollutants to remove the pollutants, and the site soil was treated with electro-oxidation in situ remediation technology. The results show that the water-soil mass ratio, electro-oxidation time, and current intensity are the main influencing factors for electro-oxidation repair. When the mass ratio of water and soil is 2∶1, the current strength of the oxidation electrode is 300 A, and the electrooxidation time is 15 min, the removal rate of the main pollutants in the soil, 1-naphthylamine, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene reaches more than 90%; The heavier the organic compound polluted soil, the higher the removal rate within the same electro-oxidation time interval, indicating that the method is suitable for treating soils with higher pollutant concentrations. It is estimated that it will cost about 70.9 yuan to treat 1 t of soil. This study can provide technical process parameters and theoretical basis for the remediation of organic compound contaminated sites in this chemical enterprise, and can provide technical choices and process design references for the same type of contaminated site remediation.

Best management practices for non-point pollution prevention from orchard in Dongjiang river source areas

WANG Tao, SHI Xiao-yan

2020, 59(7): 147-150. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.030

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In order to control non-point source pollution from the development and management practice of orchard, by choosing a large-scale navel orange planting orchard as the research base, the controlling measures for non-point source pollution from orchard in Dongjiang river source were established according to the best management practices （BMPs） theory. Results revealed that, compared with that from the contrasting area （clean tillage treatment）, after taking BMPs, concentrations of TP, TN and NH₄⁺-N in runoff from testing area in the orchard were reduced by 27.78%, 57.93% and 88.89% respectively, and the interception effect of TN and NH₄⁺-N in the runoff was very significant（P<0.01）.

Study on landscape pattern characteristics and vulnerability differences in north and south river basins of Qinling Mt.

MA Xin-ping, HAN Shen-shan, WANG Lei, WANG Jian-xing, HE Wei

2020, 59(7): 151-159. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.031

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The Qinling Jinqian River Basin and Bahe River Basin were selected as the research objects, and landscape pattern analysis was used to evaluate the ecological status of the basin and interpret the ecological process. Based on the remote sensing images of 2000, 2008 and 2016 as the main information sources, the land use status and landscape pattern of the two river basins were studied. The results showed that the area of forest land, unused land and water areas in the Jinqian River Basin increased, while grassland, construction land, and cultivated land decreased. The area of forest land and construction land in the Bahe River Basin increased, and unused land, waters, cultivated land, and grassland decreased. Judging from the landscape pattern index of the two river basins, the advantage of the Jinqian River waters development is getting higher and higher, and the advantage of Bahe waters development is higher than other land types. In 2000 and 2015, the fragmentation of the landscape in the two river basins decreased, and the development of the study area tended to be concentrated. There are differences in the spatial distribution of landscape vulnerability and the distribution of each level in the two river basins. The level of landscape vulnerability is consistent with the intensity of land use. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the coordinated development of eco-economic development in the Qinling Mountain Basin.

The effect of slim cigarette material parameters on ammonia in mainstream smoke

XIAO Ke-yi, ZHUANG Ya-dong, CHEN Kun-yan, DAI Ya, ZHANG Yan, WANG Chang-guo

2020, 59(7): 160-162. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.032

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A mathematical model and model analysis were applied to investigate the influence of slim cigarette material factors, including cigarette paper permeability（X₁）, tipping paper permeability（X₂）, plug wrapper permeability（X₃） and specification of tow at tobacco end（X₄）, on ammonia yield in cigarette mainstream smoke. The single factor effect and marginal effect were analyzed. The results showed that： ① the order of the effect of 4 factors on the ammonia yield was： X₂>X₃>X₄>X₁; ② the optimized material combination for low ammonia delivery were： X₁=70 CU,X₂=800 CU,X₃=6 000 CU,X₄=5 303.3 I.

Study on the process of liquid smoked sturgeon slices by dipping method

YANG Xing, ZHANG Mei-yan, LI Xiao-yi, CAI RANG Zhuo-ma, ZHAO Fei, YANG Ming-ju

2020, 59(7): 163-166. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.033

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This study optimized the processing procedure of liquid-smoked sturgeon slices. Sensory evaluation was performed on the test samples,and the effects of salt concentration,curing time,fumigation time,liquid fumigation time and drying time on product quality were also studied by multifactor and orthogonal experiments. Determined the optimal process parameters： salt concentration 3%,curing time 3 h,smoked liquid concentration 3%,liquid smoked time 60 min,60 ℃ under the condition of hot air circulation drying 120 min,under the condition of 90 ℃ baking.

Study on technology of quercetin inclusion compound and jelly

QIU Zhen-yang, LIANG Zhong-huan, BAI Si-xiao, WANG Shu-min, SU Li-jie, CHEN Xiao-yi

2020, 59(7): 167-173. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.034

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Quercetin hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin （Quercetin HP-β-CD） inclusion complex was prepared by solution stirring method. The inclusion conditions were optimized by Box-behnken response surface methodology with the inclusion rate as the evaluation index. Quercetin HP-β-CD was used as the main raw material to prepare a new type of quercetin jelly. The optimum formula was optimized by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that when the ratio of solid to liquid was 1.4∶1.0 （mg/mL）, the embedding temperature was 60 °C, and the embedding time was 122 min, the inclusion ratio of quercetin embedding rate was 66.03%. And the best formula for jelly was quercetin inclusion compound was 1%, and the ratio of carrageenan, konjac gum and xanthan gum in the compound gel was 5∶4∶1, the total gum content was 1.2%, the sugar addition was 20%, and the citric acid addition was 0.10%. The jelly prepared by this formula has uniform color, smooth and delicious, unique flavor of quercetin, as well as certain nutritional value and health care effect.

Optimization of extraction conditions of coix polysaccharide and its inoxidizability and transdermal absorption

LI Shu-ping, PENG Jun-chao, LI Meng, AN Quan, WANG Chang-tao, ZHAO Dan

2020, 59(7): 174-179. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.035

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To optimize the extraction and fermentation conditions of the polysaccharide of Coix kernel And studied its antioxidation and transdermal absorption effect, which provided reference for its application in anti-aging and transdermal absorption of human body. Results showed that the optimum conditions for the water extraction of Coix polysaccharide were 0.11, the temperature was 90 ℃, the time was 7; the best fermentation condition was Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the material liquid was 0.1, the time 54h,PH was 4.5; the extraction rate of coix polysaccharide was about 3 times of water. The antioxidant resistance of coix polysaccharide fermentation broth is better than that of water extract. The 24 h transmittance of coix polysaccharide fermentation broth was 1.14 mg/cm², and the 24h transmittance of water extract was 0.53 mg/cm².

Research on microbial fermentation of Tamarindus indica L. and its application in tobacco

WU Ming-mei, LI Xian, ZHENG Lin, JIANG Mei-hong

2020, 59(7): 180-183. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.036

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The extract of Tamarindus indica L. was carried out by method of microbial fermentation, and the fermentation process was optimized with SPSS Software. The fermentative extract was applied in cigarette as a flavor. The research result showed that after microorganism treatment, the special fermentation aroma was increased. Besides soft and delicate aroma, the sweetness was increased, the stimulation was reduced, and the improvement of tobacco aroma was more obvious. The species and content of volatile components increased.

Isolation and purification of yeast polypeptides and efficacy of cosmetics

FU Hao, LIU Ping-ping, ZHU Jian-feng, LI Yan-long, LI Meng, WANG Chang-tao

2020, 59(7): 184-187. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.037

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yeast protein was extracted from yeast cells by means of repeated freeze-thaw and ultrasonic crushing. The supernatant of yeast fermentation and yeast cell fluid were purified by isoelectric point precipitation method. Crude protein was obtained, and the antioxidant capacity of protein and tyrosinase inhibition ability were studied. The results showed that the supernatant of saccharomyces cerevisiae, yellow wine yeast and sake yeast had good DPPH scavenging ability, and the concentration of 2.6g /L could reach 72%. The supernatant of saccharomyces cerevisiae among the three yeast supernatant proteins had better inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. The three yeast crude proteins basically had no DPPH free radical scavenging ability at about 0.45g /L, and the inhibition rate of saccharomyces cerevisiae crude proteins on tyrosinase was better than that of other yeast crude proteins. The DPPH radical scavenging rate and tyrosinase inhibition rate of 3 kinds of yeast polypeptides with 3.5 g/L were about 50% and 12% respectively.

Determination of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in Vernonia patula Merr by HPLC

GUO Hai-jiao, LIU Jin-bao, HU Hua, WANG Xian-jun, LIU Wen

2020, 59(7): 188-190. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.038

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To establish a method for the determination of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid Vernonia patula by HPLC. The separation was performed on Welch Ultimate XB-C18（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）with the acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase with gradient elution. The volume flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 327 nm. The column temperature was 25 ℃. The linear range of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid were 47.84~239.2 μg/mL（R=0.999 8）、10.05~50.25 μg/mL（R=0.999 9）, and the average recoveries （n=6） were 96.69%（RSD=0.74%）、102.10%（RSD=2.00%）. This paper established a method for the contents of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in Vernonia patula. The method is accurate, sensitive, credible and repeatable. It can be applied to the quality control of Vernonia patula.

GC-MS analysis of chemical constituents of volatile Oil from different area of Euonymus fortune in Guangxi

LIANG Shuang, LU Sen-hua, WU Xiu-cai, HE Li-hong, HUANG Jian-jun

2020, 59(7): 191-195. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.039

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The chemical constituents of the essential oil of Euonymus fortune from different areas were compared and analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that 25 chromatographic peaks were isolated and 13 chemical constituents were identified in Binyang village, accounting for 98.24% of the total volatile oil. 29 chromatographic peaks were isolated from Rong village, and 14 chemical constituents were identified, accounting for 89.96% of the total volatile oil. 32 chromatographic peaks were isolated from Mengshan village, and 12 chemical constituents were identified, accounting for 92.16% of the total volatile oil. 28 chromatographic peaks were isolated from Rong village, and 11 chemical constituents were identified, accounting for 84.79% of the total volatile oil. Five of the chemical constituents of the volatile oil from the three places of origin are common to the four. They are phytol,palmitic acid,n-nonane,cumene,hexahydrofarnesyl acetone. It can be seen that the main components of volatile oil from different producing areas are different.

Study on gold immunochromatography assay for rapid detection of cypermethrin

WU Xiao-sheng, JIA Fang-fang, CUI Hai-feng, WANG Zhao-qin, WEI Li-jie, CUI Na, ZHAO Zheng-miao, WAN Yu-ping

2020, 59(7): 196-198. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.040

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To establish a rapid assay for detection of cypermethrin in vegetables and fruit， and gold immunochromatography assay was studied. The limit of detection is 1 μg/kg. And we can obtain the results in 15 minutes. The assay gives no false positive and false negative results. The method is accurate， simple， reliable and convenient to rapidly detect cypermethrinon the spot.

Application of a migration learning algorithm in tomato disease detection

KONG De-feng

2020, 59(7): 199-203. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.041

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An image classification algorithm based on Inception-v3 and migration learning is proposed to solve the problem that the current intelligent identification of tomato diseases is not accurate and time-consuming. Eight tomato disease leaves and healthy leaves were collected from the experimental field, the images were scanned into images using a 10 megapixel HD scanner, the images were classified into 9 folders, and the blade attributes were manually labeled. Finally, based on the Inception-v3 model combining migration learning algorithms to classify test healthy and diseased leaves, and compare them with traditional image classification algorithms （KNN、 SVM、 BP neural network） and non-migration learning algorithms. The experimental results show that, based on Inception-v3 model combined with migration learning algorithm can quickly and effectively identify grow healthy tomato and diseased tomato in tomato disease image classification, and can identify tomato disease types efficiently. Among them, the classification accuracy of health and disease is 0.976 0, and the average accuracy of disease types is 0.929 7, which provides a certain degree of support for tomato disease detection and prevention.

A fast approach for ortho image generation of the search and resue region based on unmanned aerial vehicle system

LIN Huo-duan, ZHANG Zhi-lin

2020, 59(7): 204-206. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.042

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In the emergency rescue, it is necessary to quickly understand the actual situation of the search and rescue region. A fast approach for ortho image generation of the search and rescue region based on unmanned aerial vehicle system was put forward, through image sequential adjustment, ortho rectification based on CPU-GPU, and fast image mosaic, ortho image of the search and rescue region without-obvious seam-line was obtained.

The information analysis of SSR loci in the red claw crayfish（Cherax quadricarinatus） transcriptome

LI Xi-lian, GUO Jian-lin, LI Qian, SHI Wei-da, HUANG Zhen-yuan, GU Zhi-min

2020, 59(7): 207-211. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.043

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The transcriptome sequencing data of the red claw crayfish （Cherax quadricarinatus） was analyzed, and the primers were developed by PCR amplification and capillary electrophoresis, the primer polymorphism and versatility analysis were carried out. 22,727 simple repeat （SSR） sites were detected from 67,369 Unigenes, and functional annotations were performed on Unigenes containing SSR sequences. The results show that, the microsatellite sequences in the transcriptome of the red claw crayfish are abundant, and the dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeat types appear more frequently, accounting for 52.67% and 44.25% of the total SSR frequency, respectively; the tetranucleotide pentanucleotide and hexanucleotide repeat types appeared less frequently, accounting for 2.62%、 0.23% and 0.24% of the total SSR frequency, respectively. There are 68 SSR repeat types, and the number of repetitions ranges from 5 to 84.5 pairs of SSR primers were screened, and 60 samples from Zhejiang and Taiwan were analyzed for genetic diversity, the average polymorphic fragment per every prime was 5.6. The results of this study lay the foundation for the in-depth development of functional SSR markers of red claw crayfish, and also support the molecular marker-assisted breeding of red claw crayfish.

Analysis of molecular characteristics and receptor-binding ability of low pathogenic and highly pathogenic H7N9 AIV subtype avian influenza virus

XUE Yu-han, REN Zhu, SHANG Yu, TANG Guo-yi, JIA Miao-miao, LU Yue-feng, LI Qiong-qiong, LI Hui-min, LUO Qing-ping, WEN Guo-yuan, PAN Zi-shu, ZHAO Zong-zheng

2020, 59(7): 212-217. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.07.044

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Two H7N9 subtype avian influenza viruses （AIV） isolated from chicken pathological material in Hubei Province, A/chicken/Hubei/093/2017（H7N9） and A/chicken/Hubei/207/2017（H7N9）（with CK93 and CK207 as their abbreviation, respectively） were analyzed for whole-genome sequencing. The hemagglutinin （HA） and neuraminidase （NA） sequence conservation, as well as HA glycosylation site, NA resistance site and key amino acid sites of 6 internal gene-encoded proteins were analyzed, meanwhile, the receptor binding ability of the two strains was determined as well. The results suggested that the HA protein cleavage site of CK93 was PEIPKGR↓GLF, which indicated a low pathogenicity of CK93, whereas CK207 was mutated to PKPKRTAR↓GLF, which indicated a high pathogenicity of CK207. At the same time, the 226 amino acid sequence of HA in CK93 was Leucine （226L）, while its counterpart in CK207 was Glutamine （226Q）. However, the receptor binding ability results suggested that two isolates can be bound to both α-2,3 sialic acid receptor and α-2,6 sialic acid receptor, it is indicated that the Q226L is not a decisive factor affecting receptor binding characteristics. In light of the above information, it is suggested that precaution and control to the mutation of H7N9 subtype avian influenza should be enhanced in order to lower any risk of epidemic owing to its mutation.

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