HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Research progress of determination methods of pesticide residues in tea

CAO Chun-xia, HUANG Da-ye, WU Qiong, HU Hong-tao, ZHU Zhi-gang, LONG Tong, YAO Jing-wu, YANG Dan, ZHANG Guang-yang

2019, 58(17): 5-8. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.001

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The necessity of tea agricultural residue detection and the method of tea pretreatment were discussed. The principle, application and advantages of solid phase extraction （SPE）,accelerated solvent extraction （ASE）, microwave assisted extraction of （MAE）, Supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） and other extraction methods compared with the traditional pretreatment methods were summarized.In addition, the detection methods of tea agricultural residues were reviewed, including chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and biosensors.

The research advances on high yield cultivation and nutrient management of rice in Hubei province

WAN Shu-hong, TIAN Ying-bing

2019, 58(17): 9-12. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.002

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The recent advance on high-yield cultivation techniques of rice（Oryza sativa L.） was reviewed, also the role, current status and existing problems of rice field nutrient management were analyzed in Hubei Province. Based on these, some suggestions for strengthening rice high-yield cultivation and nutrient management in Hubei Province were put forward.

Related analysis and path analysis between the yield and its components of Xinmai 32

ZHU Hong-cai, FAN Yong-sheng, WANG Ling-yan, HUANG Jin-hua, MA Hai-tao, DOU Shi-shu, ZHANG Su-ping

2019, 58(17): 13-15. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.003

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Based on the data of regional wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） test and production test in the south of Huanghuai river from 2015 to 2017, the yield and its components of Xinmai 32 were analyzed by correlation analysis and path analysis. The effects of yield components on yield and the correlation among yield components were researched. The results showed that Xinmai 32 had high and stable yields. The average yield of Xinmai 32 was 8 679.0 kg/hm² and the test site ratio of yield increase was 100.0% in production test. The correlation analysis demonstrated that the effective panicle number, grains per panicle, basic seedlings, maximum tillers and 1000-grain weight were all positively correlated with yield, and the correlations between yield and the number of effective panicles as well as grains per panicle were significant. In partial correlation analysis and path analysis, the correlation degrees with yield were as follows from big to smalleffective panicle number, grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight, basic seedling, maximum tiller number. The results indicated that effective panicle number and grain number per panicle played a greater role in the yield of Xinmai 32. The high yield cultivation technology of new wheat 32 should increase grain number and 1000-grain weight on the basis of ensuring enough effective number of ears.

Isolation of cellulose-degradation actinomycetes and effects of fermentation broth on soybean seed germination

SUN Guang-zhuang, ZHU Li-wei, WANG Ya, CUI Ying-ying, YU Wen-xin, SUN Dong-mei, LIN Zhi-wei, XIAO Cui-hong

2019, 58(17): 16-20. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.004

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In order to improve the decomposition efficiency of straw returning to the field, an actinomycete strain with strong cellulose degradability was isolated by using CMC-Na medium, Congo red medium and filter paper plate medium. At the same time, the seed germination method was used to study the growth-promoting effect of the strain on soybean [Glycine max （Linn.） Merr.] seeds. The activities of POD, CAT and SOD and the content of MDA in soybean seeds were also studied. The results showed that the isolated strain had a strong ability to decompose cellulose, and the germination rate and antioxidant enzyme activity of soybean seeds were changed after treated with different concentrations of cellulose-degrading bacteria fermentation broth. When the concentration of fermentation broth was 100.0%, the germination rate of soybean seeds reached the highest, was 74.53%, increasing by 21.96 percent compared with the control（Mendal's medium without bacterial fluid）; the activity of CAT and SOD was the strongest, which increased by 291.45% and 106.64% respectively compared with the control; and the POD activity was 25.6 U/（mL·min）, 101.96% higher than that of the control, but it was 14.65% lower than that of the pure water culture. The content of MDA was the lowest at 16.7%, which was 21.37% lower than that of control. It was preliminarily confirmed that the fermentation broth of cellulose-degrading bacteria contained substances which could promote the germination of soybean seeds and increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as protective membrane components.

Effects of different treatments on seed germination characteristics of Hordeum aestivum L. from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau

SHI Chang-hong, MA Yong-gui

2019, 58(17): 21-24. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.005

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In order to improve seed yield and quality of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the suitable conditions for seed germination of wheat were explored. The seeds of wheat were separately treated with different concentrations （0.1,0.2,0.4 mol/L） of NaCl, Na₂CO₃ and HCl under constant temperature, in order to study the effects of different reagents on the seed germination rate. The results showed that, the seed germination of wheat was differently inhibited through different concentration of NaCl after soaking for 12 h. With the increasing of the concentration of NaCl, the seed germination rate of wheat increased firstly and then decreased. The effect of different concentration of Na₂CO₃ after soaking for 12 h on the seed germination of wheat was similar with NaCl. With the increasing of the concentration of Na₂CO₃, the seed germination rate of wheat increased firstly and then decreased. After soaking for 12 h, the different concentration of HCl had the different effect on the seed germination rate of wheat. When the concentration of HCl was 0.1 mol/L, the highest seed germination rate of wheat was 23.1% within 10 days. The germination of seed was inhibited when the concentration of HCl was 0.2 mol/L, and was obviously inhibited when the concentration of HCl was 0.4 mol/L.

Comparative test of maize on garlic-maize model

SONG Hong-xi, LIU Chun-jun, SHANG Chao-hua, XIAO Hong

2019, 58(17): 25-26. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.006

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The garlic-maize model has a large area in Dangyang city, Hubei proince. Because of relatively stable price of maize （Zea mays L.） compared with other crops in recent years, as well as high input-output ratio and simple management, more and more attention has been paid to it. In this experiment, the yield performance of several maize varieties was investigated under the condition of no fertilization, and 1 or 2 varieties with good performance were found out in order to improve the garlic-maize model. The results showed that Liyu 88 had the best yield performance, and was stable and not limited by location.

Spatial distribution of continuous rain disaster on winter wheat during grain-filling in the Sichuan basin

JIN Yao, GUO Yi-yuan, LIU Yan-yan, SHANGGUAN Chang-gui, ZHANG Yu-fang, WANG Rui-ting

2019, 58(17): 27-32. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.007

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The meteorological data at 113 meteorological stations from 1980 to 2017 and the records of growth stages and yield of winter wheat at 24 agro-meteorological stations were used to determine the correlations between the components of winter wheat yield and meteorological factors during the grain-filling stage, and the wheat growing areas in Sichuan basin were divided into five zones. The average temperature, the maximum temperature, the minimum temperature, the sunshine hours, and the number of continuous rainy days during the grain-filling period of winter wheat were selected as indicator factors to address the effects of continuous rainy weather disaster on winter wheat. The principal component analysis method was used to construct the comprehensive index. The frequencies of continuous rainy weather disaster during the grain-filling stage were calculated and the basin areas were identified as, slight （0.45<F<0.70）, moderate（0.70<F<0.87） and severe（F≥0.87） disaster areas according to the index classification. The results showed that the probability of continuous rain disaster in most parts of the Sichuan basin was around 30%, with a higher probability in the southeast and a relatively lower probability in the northwest.

Study on the influence of accumulated temperature on the reasonable picking period of Camellia oleifera Abel.

JIANG Yuan-hua, LIAO Yu-fang, DU Dong-sheng, PENG Jia-dong, ZHANG Jian-ming

2019, 58(17): 33-36. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.008

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Based on the production data of 80 Camellia oleifera Abel. from 2015 to 2017, and the daily average temperature data of the weather station near the area planting Camellia oleifera Abel. in Hunan province, the correlation analysis and nuclear density estimation method were used to analyze the correlation of accumulated temperature from the phenological period to the picking time and production of Camellia oleifera Abel.. The effect of the interannual variation of average temperature in Hunan province from 1961 to 2017 on the picking period of Camellia oleifera Abel. were analyzed. The results showed that the correlation of production of Camellia oleifera Abel. and accumulated temperature of the average daily temperature above 15 ℃ from the flowering stage to the picking stage was the highest. The most suitable temperature range of picking period of Camellia oleifera Abel. is from 6 286 °C·d to 6 337 °C·d, the suitable temperature range is from 6 257 ℃·d to 6 366 ℃·d, and the generally suitable temperature range is from 6 228 °C·d to 6 395 ℃·d. Through the verification analysis of the suitable accumulated temperature of picking period and the date of sample picking period, it was found that the reasonable picking period of Camellia oleifera Abel. was 2 to 4 days before frosting, which is from 19 to 21 on October. The annual average temperature is increasing in Hunan province, and the temperature tendency rate is 0.187 ℃/10a. It is expected that the temperature rise will lead to the early reasonable picking period of Camellia oleifera Abel. in the future. Climate warming will have an impact on the reasonable picking date of Camellia oleifera Abel.. Therefore, predicting the reasonable picking period according to accumulated temperature can provide a scientific basis for production of Camellia oleifera Abel.

Study on optimized fertilization of soil testing formula in mulberry garden

MO Rong-li, QIN Guang-liang, XIE Jin-lin, YU Cui, LI Yong, DENG Wen, HU Xing-ming

2019, 58(17): 37-40. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.009

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In view of the poor soil conditions of mulberry （Morus alba L.） gardens in Hubei province and the lack of nutrient elements and imbalances caused by unreasonable use of fertilizers, the soil testing formula optimization fertilization technology system was carried out. Through the soil fertility analysis of the local mulberry garden in Luopoya village,Liulang township,Yunxi county, it was found that the soil nutrient content was moderate, showing a lack of available nitrogen. The three fertilization treatments were formulated as no fertilization, custom fertilization （750 kg/hm² of urea for the whole year） and incremental fertilization （1 500 kg/hm² of urea for the whole year）. The results showed that incremental fertilization significantly improved the mulberry branching ability and promoted the elongation of mulberry branches. The leaf yield per plant, the yield of mulberry leaves per hectare and the quality of mulberry leaves were significantly increased, and the drought resistance of mulberry trees was improved. Moreover, the climatic conditions, such as rainfall, are important factors affecting the nutrient uptake of mulberry trees and the nutrient utilization rate of mulberry trees.

Effect of amino acid microelement water-soluble fertilizer on yield and quality of capsicum

LIU Wen-guo, SHANG Xiao-feng, ZHAO Qiang

2019, 58(17): 41-42. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.010

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Taking pepper （Capsicum annuum Linn.） variety Erpao pepper as material, the effects of spraying amino acid microelement water-soluble fertilizer on the yield and quality of pepper were studied by using random block design and experiment in the field. The results showed that the yield and protein content of pepper treated with amino acid microelement water-soluble fertilizer and conventional fertilization were significantly higher than those treated with conventional fertilization, and the difference reached a statistically significant level, and the yield increased by 19.4%. It is suggested that large-scale spraying of amino acid microelement water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves should be promoted in pepper production.

Evaluation of the environment for pond of coastal saline-alkaline land with principal component analysis

WU Hui-min, ZHANG Wei, LI Wen-wen, CAI Chao, WANG Yong-chen, LI Nan, JIAO Jian-hua

2019, 58(17): 43-45. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.011

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In order to evaluate the quality of pond of coastal saline-alkaline land by principal component analysis（PCA）, 20 indicators of water and sediment were detected. The results showed that the cultural water quality was the worst at the early stage, but it turned better at the middle, and it got worse at the last stages of the breeding.

Spatio-temporal pattern and constraint factors of urban comprehensive carrying capacity in urban agglomeration of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone

SU Zhen-lai, WU Zhuang-jin, WEI Lu-gui

2019, 58(17): 46-50. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.012

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Studying the urban comprehensive carrying capacity of urban agglomeration of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone can speed up its new urbanization process and promote the sustainable development of urban agglomerations, and provide decision-making reference for relevant departments. The population, resources and environment, social development, economic development carrying capacity index was selected to establish comprehensive evaluation index system of urban comprehensive carrying capacity of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, and the comprehensive evaluation was carried out by entropy method. The results showed that urban comprehensive carrying capacity of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone were steadily increased, had a steady upward trend, with low level and grading phenomenon; The inter-annual variation trend and and the spatial difference of each factor of carrying capacity were obvious. It was proposed to optimize the overall urban carrying capacity structure as a whole, protect the resource environment and enhance scientific and technological innovation, and improve the urban comprehensive carrying capacity according to the different local constraints.

Inversion of aerosol optical depth based on the measurement of HJ-1 satellite in Changsha city

ZHOU Bi, LIAO Yu-fang, HAN Qin-zhe, GAO Xia-xia, DUAN Li-jie, DU Dong-sheng, DENG Jian-bo

2019, 58(17): 51-55. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.013

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Based on the data of the CCD and IRS from HJ-1 satellite, the aerosol optical depth （AOD） in Changsha city was determined by the extended dark pixel algorithm with the processes of radiation calibration, pixels extracted, cloudy pixels deleted and 6S radiation transmission model used. The results show that the AOD in the east side of the Xiang River is higher than that in the west side. The values of AOD are more than 0.7 in the most of urban areas and surrounding with also typical low AODs existed, while they are between 0.3 and 0.5 in the outer suburbs. The typical high values of AOD distribute three places. One is located in Wangcheng district between the north of Xiang river road and Xiang river containing the Xianinggang School, Xintangchong, and Changtang, with the AOD between 1.4 and 1.6. One is located between Sifangping overpass and Yazipu road, with the AOD between 1.3 and 1.5. The last is located in Yuhua district in the north area of the south station of Changsha, with the AOD between 1.5 and 1.8. There are also three regions with low AOD in the cityThe first is located in the belt of Yuelu mountain-Meixi lake-Taohua hill, while the second is located in Gushan forest farm and the third is located in the belt of Hunan Province Forestry Bureau and Hunan Forestry Science and Technology Demonstration Park-Tianji mountain park-Hunan Botanical Garden. The comparative analysis results betwwen inversed AOD and the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 show that the distributions between AODs and the concentrations of PM10 have a good consistency.

Study on the adsorption properties of natural mineral for heavy metal of Pb²⁺

CHENG Ting, CHEN Chen, ZHANG Xiao, LIU Hai-xia, LYU Rui-yang

2019, 58(17): 56-59. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.014

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The experiment was conducted to examine the adsorption of Pb²⁺ on the natural mineral. The adsorbent dosage, pH and the reaction time was investigated, and the adsorption isotherm and kinetics equation in the adsorption process was discussed. The results showed that, with the increasing of the adsorbent dosage, the removal rate of Pb²⁺ on the natural mineral was improved at the concentration of 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L gradually, while the saturated adsorption capacity was decreased. The maximum saturated adsorption capacity of natural minerals for heavy metal Pb²⁺ was 87.67 mg/g. The adsorption of heavy metals Pb²⁺ by natural minerals at acidic condition was relatively lower, while the adsorption treatment effect of slightly acidic environment was better. The removal rate of Pb²⁺ increased gradually with the increased of reaction time. The adsorption process of Pb²⁺ accorded with Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Furthermore, the reaction of adsorption on natural mineral to Pb²⁺ matched to the pseudo-second class reaction kinetics model.

Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on the growth and flowering of Zinnia elegans

XIANG Cheng-cheng, ZHU Yan-lin, WEI Min, DAI Xiao-ling, WANG Xiao-tong, LI Hai-yun

2019, 58(17): 60-62. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.015

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To explore the effect of salicylic acid（SA） on the growth and development of Zinnia elegans Jacq., “Dream” were used as the experiment material, the effect of different concentration SA on the growth and flowing of Z. elegans Jacq. were studied. The results showed that 0.5 mmol/L SA treatment significantly increased the plant height, biomass, leaf number and flower number of Z. elegans Jacq., while 1.0 mmol/L treatment almost had no significant difference compared with the control. In conclusion, the appropriate concentration of exogenous SA has a significant promoting effect on the growth and flowering of Z. elegans Jacq..

Influence of sea water stress on germination of Apium graveolens

YI Kui-hua, GUO Xin-bing, XIAO Lian-ming, GU Yin-yu

2019, 58(17): 63-65. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.016

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Taking the seeds of celery（Apium graveolens L.） as material, the influence of different salinity sea water on germination of celery was studied. The results indicated that, different varieties of celery seeds had different tolerance to sea water stress. The germination of some varieties of celery seeds could be accelerated under 3‰ seawater salinity, some were inhibited even under 1‰ seawater salinity, all the indexes decreased with the increasing of sea water salinity. Comprehensive consideration, among the tested varieties of celery seeds in germination stage, the seeds of Jinnanshiqin and Huangfeixiqin had stronger salt tolerance, and the salt tolerance of OASIS seed was the worst.

Hyperoside comparison with flowers,seeds and leaves of Apocynum venetum

ZHANG Meng-li, ZHANG Wei-ming, SHU Cheng-jie

2019, 58(17): 66-68. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.017

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To compare the hyperoside in flowers, seeds and leaves of Apocynum venetum, the hyperoside extracted by reflux extractions, and content was determined by HPLC assay. The results showed that within the range of 0.01to 0.10 mg/mL, hyperoside showed a good linear correlation with peak area, and the coefficient was 0.998 1. The hyperoside yield in the flowers, leaves and seeds were 0.085%, 0.012%, 0.052%.

The content analysis on fruit minerals of different blueberries varieties in greenhouse of Tianjin

QIAO Bo-chao, QIN Yan-jun, YANG Jing-hui, ZHANG Jing-xin, DU Chang-cheng, WANG Zhi-xue

2019, 58(17): 69-73. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.018

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Aiming to compare the content of fruit minerals of different blueberries （Vaccinium Spp） varieties in greenhouse of Tianjin, the minerals content of ten varieties of blueberries were analyzed by AAS from Ji county. The results showed that the contents of kalium and magnesium were the highest in fruit of Bluegold, the contents of calcium and sodium were the highest in Northland, the contents of cuprum and ferrum were the highest in O’Neal, and the contents of zinc was the highest in Darrow. According to the comprehensive analysis results of membership function, the mineral nutrition of O’Neal were the best for level 1.

Analysis on the effects of low temperature and sparse sunlight on the growth of vegetables in solar greenhouse

YU Hong, LI Zhen-fa, ZHANG Kun, CHEN Si-ning, CHEN Li-li, LI Xin

2019, 58(17): 74-77. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.019

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In order to analysis the effect of low temperature and sparse sunlight on the vegetable growth and effective response in solar greenhouse, the three main types of solar greenhouse were selected to research and statistical analysis in Wuqing district of Tianjin city. The results show that the meteorological conditions of high standard solar greenhouse are better than that of the second-generation solar greenhouse, and that of the simple solar greenhouse are the worst. The lowest temperature in solar greenhouses appears 1 to 2 days later than the outside lowest temperature occurs. The process of low-temperature and sparse sunlight within 3 days has no obvious influence on the production of solar greenhouse, but if the process is more than 4 days, necessary manager measures should be taken to reduce the loss. In addition, in second-generation solar greenhouse, it is risky to grow fruits vegetables in winter, producers can consider to planting leaf vegetables to reduce greenhouse structure investment and management cost.

Prospect of exploitation of Helianthus tuberosus in Yan’anWANG Gai-gai,ZHOU Jun,SONG Yun

（Yan’an Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yan’an716000, Shaanxi, China）

2019, 58(17): 78-80. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.020

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Influence of cigarette density on quality of cigarette mainstream smokeWANG Kai,WANG Jun-zhao,FANG Li

（Jiangsu Sino Tobacco Nanjing Cigarette Factory, Nanjing210000, China）

2019, 58(17): 81-84. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.021

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Evaluation of greenland plants color application in Yulin city based on AHP method

BAI Xiao-xia

2019, 58(17): 85-88. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.022

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To further improve the application ability of plant color design in garden green space, and determine the weight relationship of various evaluation factors which are affecting green plant color, taking Yulin College as an example, a plant color evaluation system was constructed by analytic hierarchy process（AHP）, including the criteria layer of color composition, color matching principle and color effect, and eight project evaluation factors such as color coverage, color richness, color layering, light and shadow, atmosphere and so on were selected. On the basis of the judgment matrix, the weight calculation of each indicator was performed. The results showed that, the weight of criteria layer from high to low was color effect, color composition, color matching principle; The first three important ones of the feature layer were atmosphere, color layering, vitality; In the end, the evaluation mode of garden plant color in Yulin was constructed.

Suggestions on regional planning and base construction in Four River basin

YAN Zai-rong, PENG Yan-ying, ZOU Fen, WEI Hong-bian, YAN Guang-ya, GENG Hong, HUANG You-lin

2019, 58(17): 89-92. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.023

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In 2011 to 2016, the investigation and visiting on Four River basin were carried out, the results showed that, the construction of Zhujiang River protection forest was combined with poverty alleviation in this area, the ecological construction of Zhujiang River forest, tourism, leisure and vacation, planting, breeding and processing were integrated, which was one of the pillars of local poverty alleviation and characteristic economy, and has set an example for the development, protection and utilization of seven river systems, such as Zhujiang River, et al.

Effect of the green prevention and control integrated technology of duck, frog and rice on the first generation of Chilo suppressalis in Shishou city

SUN Xian-hai, YIN Yao, LIU Pei, XIE Yuan-zhen, XIONG Jia

2019, 58(17): 93-94. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.024

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The development of the duck and frog breeding retooning rice in Shishou city, Hubei provinc, has been explored from 2016 to 2019. Within these five years, the green prevention and control integrated technology has strong operability, with high control efficiency, strong sustainable control and wide coverage on Chilo suppressalisand, 100% deep reduction of chemical pesticides, 66.7% of the rapid reduction of available nitrogen fertilizer, which is of great significance for ecological restoration, quality and safety of agricultural products, and quality brand building.

Effect of pectin residue on corn straw silage

WANG Hao, YANG Yi, GUO Tian-yu, JU Xin-xin, LI Hua, LUO Xing

2019, 58(17): 95-97. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.025

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The pectin residue was used as an additive for corn stalk silage, the changes of pH value, the loss rate of dry matter, volatile fatty acid content, water-soluble carbohydrates content and cellulose content were taken as evaluation indexes to analysis the silage effect, and hope to search a new additive for corn straw silage. The results showed that the addition of pectin residue had a good effect on corn straw silage. It can quickly reduce the pH value in storage process, and the minimum pH value reaches 3.97, improve the content of water-soluble carbohydrates and provide sufficient raw materials for the rapid propagation of lactic acid bacteria, reduce the amount of acetic acid and reduce the possibility of corruption in storage process, reduce dry matter loss during storage.

An observation report on a case of hookworm disease in northeastern Erinaceus europaeus

JIA Xiu-qi, YANG Xin-yu, JIN Zhi-min

2019, 58(17): 98-99. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.026

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Three cases of disease caused by hookworms infesting the Erinaceus europaeus were reported. Through the anatomical observation of the diseased hedgehog, the infected eggs were found in the lungs, liver, fat connective tissue and intestinal wall of the E. europaeus; A total of 182 hookworms with a body length of 7 to 37 mm were taken from the cardia to the pylorus and the large intestine in the stomach of the E. europaeus.

Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from Hongda tobacco leaf

LI Yan, LIU Yu-yu, LI Cheng-bin, NIAN Xiao-kui, XU Lan-lan, YANG Yan-mei

2019, 58(17): 100-103. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.027

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The tobacco essential oil of high quality tobacco leaf named Honghua Dajinyuan （Hongda for short） in Yunnan was extracted via green solvent-free microwave extraction （SFME）. The volatile aroma substances and their percentages of both the tobacco essential oil and commercially available Hongda absolute oil were detected respectively through GC/MS analysis, and the data were compared in the similarities and differences. These two tobacco oils were flavored to cigarettes and then valuated by smoking. The result shows that the tobacco essential oil by SFME can not only enhance and enrich the tobacco aroma but also reduce the irritancy and cover up the odor. The essential oil is superior to Hongda absolute oil on smoking feelings.

Optimization of complex enzyme extracted process of polysaccharide from Thamnolia spp.

QI Wen-lu, XIAO Cong, ZHAO Yan, LI Xue-ying, YANG Qing-song

2019, 58(17): 104-108. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.028

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Based on single factor experiment, the optimum conditions for the complex enzyme extraction of polysaccharides from the ethnodrug Thamnolia spp. was determined by an orthogonal experiments and analysis of variance taking extraction rate as index. Then the ability of polysaccharides to scavenge DPPH and nitrite was determined in vitro too. The results as followthe extraction rate of Thamnolia spp. polysaccharides was the highest in the case of complex enzymes of cellulase and papain （mass ratio 1∶4）, the enzymolysis temperature at 50 ℃, the enzymolysis time in 1.0 h, pH value at 5.0, and the enzyme concentration in 3.0%. And in these case, the total sugar yield is 10.8%. The Thamnolia spp. polysaccharide extracted by this condition had a certain scavenging effect on nitrite and DPPH free radicals, and showed a dose-effect relationship. When Thamnolia spp. polysaccharide concentration was 2.5 mg/mL, the DPPH radical scavenging rate was 98%. When the polysaccharide concentration was 2.0 mg/mL, the scavenging rate of sodium nitrite was 19.8%. The results showed that the extraction of polysaccharide from Thamnolia spp. by complex enzyme method can significantly increase the extraction rate of polysaccharides. And the polysaccharides extracted from this technology from Thamnolia spp. had good DPPH free radical scavenging ability.

Screening study and edible safety analysis of vegetables in mild cadmium contaminated field

LI Jian-Guo, CHEN Yuan-Hua, YANG Tao, LYU Gui-Fen

2019, 58(17): 109-112. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.029

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In order to provide theoretical basis and production guidance for screening and cultivating edible safe vegetable types with low accumulation and low displacement of heavy metal cadmium, capacity of cadmium accumulation, migration and edible safety analysis of 10 varieties of three kinds of vegetables such as cabbage, garlic and radish were studied using mild cadmium contaminated field as vegetable soil environment. The results showed that different types of vegetables had different ability of accumulation and migration of heavy metal cadmium. In general, the accumulation capacity of cadmium in the edible parts of three categories vegetables was sorted from big to smallcabbage, radish and garlic,but the sequence of the cadmium migration capacity from the roots to the above ground part of plants in three categories vegetables was sorted from big to smallradish, cabbage and garlic. In the edible parts of vegetables tested, cadmium content of both purple garlic and white garlic are lower than limit of pollutants of national food safety standards（0.1 mg/kg）, and their pollution index are within the warning limit. However, the other 8 varieties were contaminated to some degree by Cd. For instance, Chinese cabbage with high stalk, carrots covered with red color and green turnip are moderately polluted, and the rest are slightly polluted.

Study on the methodology of determination of heavy metal content in soil by microwave digestion

HUANG Xiao-qin

2019, 58(17): 113-115. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.030

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The Hydrochloric acid-nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid-perchloric acid Digestion Method and the Microwave Digestion Method were used respectively in soil digesting,four heavy metal elements（As, Pb, Cd, Cr） in soil were tested and compared by detection limit, accuracy and recoveries of the two methods.The results showed that the two digestion methods had good correlation, accuracy and recoveries, and no significant difference in statistics.Compared with Hydrochloric acid-nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid-perchloric acid Digestion Method, microwave digestion method was advanced in operation, batch, reagent consumption and safety, it is worth to popularize and apply.

Dynamic of platycodin D in stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum from Shangluo

ZHAO Zhi-xin, WANG Tong, PAN Miao

2019, 58(17): 116-118. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.031

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High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was utilized to analyze the variations of Platycodin D content in stems and leaves in Platycodon grandiflorum （Jacq.） A. DC., which were collected from May to October from Shangluo area, and the study was aimed to explore the variations of main secondary metabolites in stems and leaves. The results showed that the contents of Platycodin D were stably in the stems from May to October, and the peak was reached in September; the contents of Platycodin D were highly in July and August, yet the content decreased dramatically in October. Furthormore, the average content of Platycodin D in leaves （0.614%） was higher than in stems （0.257%）. Therefore, the young stems and leaves also could be used as medicines, and their harvest time should be August in Shangluo. By investigating the variations of Platycodin D content in stems and leaves in different months, the study can provide references for medicinal parts and harvest time and standardization production in P. grandiflorum in Shangluo.

TRAP analysis of disease and pest resistance related gene SGT1 in sweetpotato

WANG Chong, YANG Xin-sun, LEI Jian, SU Wen-jin, CHAI Sha-sha, ZHANG Wen-ying, WANG Lian-jun

2019, 58(17): 119-122. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.032

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Disease and pest resistance related gene SGT1 was used as a target gene to design a fixed primer,then for paring 11 pairs primers with 11 arbitrary primers. The 11 pairs of primers were used to amplify Eshu 11 and Ezishu 13 by TRAP-PCR. It was found that 11 pairs of primer combinations amplified clear bands and showed good polymorphism. In this study, TRAP markers associated with SGT1 gene were obtained, which can be used to analyze the genetic diversity of sweetpotato[Ipomoea batatas（L.） Lam.] population, and provide theoretical basis for disease and insect resistance breeding of sweetpotato.

Cloning and sequence analysis of scalloped homologous gene of wild silkworm

ZHU Wen-dong

2019, 58(17): 123-128. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.033

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Hippo pathway is closely related to the physiological and biochemical processes of insect growth, metamorphosis and development, and highly conserved among different species. Scalloped is one of terminal action factor of Hippo pathway, which regulates the expression of a large number of genes. In this study, the complete ORF and partial UTR sequence of scalloped in wild silkworm （Bombyx mandarina） were cloned. Indels and variable sites were discovered after sequences analysis between Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina. The domain structure analysis shown that the encoding protein of scalloped in wild silkworm, domestic silkworm, fruit fly, mice and human have the similar domain architecture, while partial of the C-terminal of wild silkworm scalloped protein absent. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the Scalloped in insects and TEF3 in vertebrate could have a common origin, and the Scalloped of domestic silkworm could be appeared later than that in wild silkworm, and experienced more genetic selection process.

Establishment of RT-PCR method for the detection of equine influenza virus H3N8

LIN Zhi-xiong, YU Hai-qiong, WANG Ying, ZHAI Jian-xin, ZHANG Li

2019, 58(17): 129-131. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.034

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By comparing the H3N8 sequence of Equine influenza virus （EIV） from NCBI, highly specific primers and probes were designed for the highly conserved region of HA and NA gene sequences, and the program was optimized to establish a RT-PCR method for the detection of EIV H3N8. The results showed that the minimum detection concentration was 3.36×10² copies/μL. With high specificity, only EIV H3N8 samples were positive. The positive detection rate of 58 clinical samples was 12.07%, 2.3 times that of conventional PCR, and 100% consistent with virus isolation.

Preparation of recombinant L-glutamate oxidase immobilized cellsLI Li¹,WANG Ya-ping¹,RAO Ben²,MA Li-xin¹

（1.Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, China;2.National Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan430064, China）

2019, 58(17): 132-135. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.035

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Analysis of the factors affecting the new generation of migrant workers participating in social insurance

CHEN Li-kai, HUANGFU Hong-jiao, ZHENG Xiang-jiang

2019, 58(17): 136-139. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.036

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Based on the relevant data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the current situation of the low participation rate of the new generation of migrant workers' social insurance is introduced; and the influencing factors of the low participation rate of the new generation of migrant workers' social insurance are analyzed from the three aspects of government, enterprises and new generation of migrant workers themselves. It pointed out the urgency of the new generation of migrant workers to participate in social insurance. The countermeasures to accelerate the promotion of the social insurance participation rate of the new generation of migrant workers are puts forward, with a view to laying the foundation for promoting the citizenization of the new generation of migrant workers, accelerating the development of urbanization, realizing social equity and building a harmonious city.

Study on the implementation effect of rural teacher support policy under the perspective of education poverty alleviation——Based on Smith's policy implementation theory model

LI Zhao, TAN Gang

2019, 58(17): 140-146. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.037

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This paper takes the rural teacher support plan as the breakthrough point, follows T. B. Smith's research paradigm of policy implementation process, and combines the data of 14 primary and secondary schools （including teaching points） in Awati County to make a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the policy implementation effect. The results show that the overall implementation effect of the "Rural Teacher Support Plan" in this county is general. In the process of policy implementation, some general policy contents leave enough flexibility space for policy implementation from top to bottom, which results in the obstruction of policy vague implementation; the deviation of policy resources targeting, the phenomenon of elite capture in policy implementation is prominent; the awareness of rural teachers is not high, and the internal drive is insufficient. Accordingly, the county should ensure to strengthen the policy integrity and reduce the risk of selective implementation; increase the supervision and feedback on the late implementation of the policy, and guard against the government's administrative discretion exceeding the power boundary; and gradually enhance the recognition and participation of rural teachers in order to better promote poverty alleviation through education.

The way and risk prevention of land management right re-circulation under the “Separation of Three Powers”

YAO Xiao-li

2019, 58(17): 147-150. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.038

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Under the model of“Separation of Three Powers”, there are three different states of right circulation on rural contracted land,including the overall transfer of land contractual management rights, the initial transfer of land management rights, and the re-transfer of land management rights. Based on its own characteristics, the re-circulation of land management rights has its own unique ways and turnover risks. The ways of re-circulating land management rights include rent, shareholding, mortgage, pledge, etc. The risks of re-circulation include unlimited circulation and excessive capitalization of agricultural land, excessive concentration and circulation default, “non-agriculturalization” and “non-food”. On the basis of clarifying the re-circulation mode, it is possible to try to adopt measures such as regulating and re-transfer the transferee, limiting the amount of land holding, and strengthening the supervision of agricultural land use, in order to realize the system prevention of the risk of re-circulation of land management rights.

Research on water administrative payment

ZHOU Xiao

2019, 58(17): 151-156. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.039

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Water administrative payment is an administrative payment in the field related to water. It mainly refers to the payment of individuals or organizations that meet the statutory conditions for payment, such as difficulties in survival or legal rights violations, during flood control and drought relief period, large-scale water pollution and reservoir resettlement. After clarifying the concept of water administrative payment, the legal basis of water administrative payment is summarized from the list of Beijing government powers, and then the main contents of water administrative payment are deeply considered from three aspectssubject, object and condition. On the basis of the water administrative of the Beijing Municipal Government, in response to the problems existing in the current water administrative payment, relevant suggestions on perfecting China's water administrative payment system are proposed from the aspects of legal norms, procedure design and working mechanisms.

Analysis of export competitiveness of aquatic products in Hainan province based on CMS model

GUO Jian-wen

2019, 58(17): 157-160. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.040

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Based on the CMS model and the data of aquatic products production and export trade in Hainan province from 2010 to 2017, the influencing factors of Hainan province on the export of aquatic products from the United States were analyzed. The results show that the export of aquatic products from Hainan province to the United States is greatly affected by the competitiveness effect, followed by the structural effect. In view of this, Hainan province should constantly improve the quality of aquatic products, optimize the export structure, and establish an international brand image, so as to enhance the advantages of aquatic products export competitiveness.

Land confirmation and agricultural operating income research：An empirical analysis based on CLDS data

WANG Xun

2019, 58(17): 161-164. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.041

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Based on CLDS 2014 data, an empirical analysis of the relationship between land security and agricultural operating income is conducted. The results show that land rights have promoted the growth of farmers' family agricultural operating income, and combined with the heterogeneity of farmers' groups, it has been found that land rights are more favorable for agricultural production professionals and farmers who are mechanized and semi-mechanized. Land confirmation has enabled farmers with stronger resource endowments to achieve resource enhancement. In addition, combined with the research results, the policy recommendations for perfecting the land security system, improving the rural social security system, and effectively stabilizing land management rights are proposed.

Analysis on the development of selenium-rich products market in Ankang city

XU Long-hua

2019, 58(17): 165-167. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.042

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The market situation of the selenium-rich product in Ankang city is introduced, and a SWOT analysis on the economic development of Ankang city is conducted. Based on the development effect of selenium-enriched products in Ankang city, the recommendations and countermeasures for the development of selenium-enriched products in Ankang city were put forward, in order to provide reference for Ankang city to get rid of poverty and build a well-off society.

The influence and forecast of rural residents' income heterogeneity on tourism consumption expenditure based on consumer theories' empirical analysis

HUANG Ze-ying, QU Jun-ling, WANG Dong-yang

2019, 58(17): 168-174. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.043

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Tourism is an important indicator for improving the living standard of residents, and income is the economic basis for promoting the upgrading of tourism consumption level for rural residents. Using the 1994~2016 national statistical data, based on the absolute income hypothesis, the relative income hypothesis, the persistent income hypothesis, the life cycle hypothesis, the rational expectation hypothesis and other consumer consumption theories, empirical analysis of per capita disposable income, wage income, and operating income of rural residents is conducted. It is found that under the permanent income hypothesis, the disposable income had the greatest effect; it is estimated that the tourism consumption expenditure of rural residents in China will reach 136 and 147 yuan in 2019 and 2020 respectively. Under the hypothesis of long-term income, life cycle and rational expectation, wage income has the largest pulling effect, while operating income and property income have the greatest promotion under the absolute income hypothesis and relative income hypothesis. On the whole, the wage income of rural residents contributes the most to tourism consumption expenditure.

Development path of ice and snow resources in China from the perspective of rural revitalization

SU Meng, YANG Wei-wei

2019, 58(17): 175-179. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.044

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Through reviewing the utilization and development of ice and snow resources in China, the evolution of the development path of ice and snow resources is analyzed to find the development direction and goal for the development of rural ice and snow in the new era. Experience shows that the development of rural ice and snow in the new era should develop tourism and ice and snow industry in coordination, improve the infrastructure construction of ice and snow tourism development, and at the same time extend the industrial chain and promote the optimization of rural by-products. The government should provide necessary support for the development of rural ice and snow resources and promote market-oriented development. It is also necessary to strengthen the training of farmers, improve their ice and snow development and service capabilities, integrate into the ice and snow development industry, share the development results, and truly increase income.

Improving the organization of small farmers and promoting the rapid development of modern agriculture

LUO Zhi-wei

2019, 58(17): 180-183. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.045

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Small farmers are the basic organization form of agricultural production in our country. They are bred under the background of our unique historical culture and different resource endowments, and they are the actual agricultural production form. The long-term existence of small farmers is the basic national condition of our country. Realizing the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture is the only way to develop modern agriculture in our country. This paper analyzes the current situation of small farmers, focuses on the internal relationship between small farmers and modern agriculture, and puts forward strategies to promote the rapid development of modern agriculture from the perspective of improving the degree of organization of small farmer.

Research on the development level of rural industry under the background of rural revitalization：Based on entropy weight method-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation model

XIA Shi-han, WANG Jian-hong, WANG Mao

2019, 58(17): 184-187. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.046

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Based on the statistical data of the National Bureau of Statistics from 2015 to 2017, the indicators of rural industries in various regions are defined; and the industrial development level of each region is evaluated through the entropy weight method-TOPSIS model. The results show that the rural industry development level is unevenly distributed and the environment in coastal developed provinces is better. The industrial development level in the western region is relatively backward, the understanding of industrial integration and development is insufficient, and the rural industry is weak. A brief countermeasure suggestion is put forward.

Analysis of the development path of Ningcheng county under the background of rural revitalization

HUANG Bo-sheng, ZHONG Cui, MO Xiao-xiang, ZHANG Guo-can, KONG Yan, HE Xin-hua

2019, 58(17): 188-192. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.047

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In order to consolidate the effectiveness of poverty alleviation, continue to optimize poverty alleviation policies, ensure that poverty alleviation is effective and does not return to poverty, and provide a reference to the development of Ningcheng county, the basic idea of the SWOT method is combined with field research and official data to analyze the basic status of Ningcheng county. The results show that Ningcheng county has achieved initial success in agricultural industry development, tourism agriculture, brand agriculture and agricultural industrialization, and it still has some shortcomings in other aspects. In combination with the original poverty alleviation policy, recommendations on strengthening poverty alleviation and ensuring no return to poverty and development are proposed in the context of rural revitalization.

Study on the obstacles and countermeasures of the professional development of minority female leaders：A case study of Kazak nationality in the cities directly under Yili Kazak autonomous prefecture

ZHANG Shao-kai, GULINIYAER Biekexi, LI Miao, WANG Bin, ZHANG Shao-bo, LIU Xiang-hui

2019, 58(17): 193-200. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.17.048

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Taking the Kazak female leading cadres in the cities directly under Yili Kazak autonomous prefecture as the research object, 38 Kazak women leading cadres are interviewed. with the Nvivo qualitative research software, using the rooted theory to carry out the three-level coding of the interview texts, a model for the obstacles to the career development of Kazakh female leading cadres is constructed. Suggestion and countermeasures are put forward according to the obstacles of individuals, families, organizations and society in order to promote the development of Kazakh female leading cadres and maintain the stability of ethnic areas.

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