HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Research progresses on the catalase of Bombyx mori

WU Fan, LI De-chen, XIAO Sheng-wu, CHEN Deng-song

2019, 58(18): 5-8. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.001

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The catalase plays an important role in the growth and development of silkworm（Bombyx mori）, and participates in the regulation of the immune system of silkworm, which is related to the important life activities such as resistance, disease resistance and diapause of silkworm. The research progresses on the catalase in silkworm were reviewed, and the development trend of catalase in silkworm was briefly prospected.

Research progress on nutrition and functional components in fruit

CHEN Qiu-sheng, YANG Zhe, ZHANG Qiang, LIU Ye-tong, YIN Ping, GUO Yong-ze

2019, 58(18): 9-13. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.002

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Fruit， as the third largest planting agriculture in China after grain and vegetables， occupies a large proportion in people's daily consumption. Fruit has rich nutritional value. It contains variable nutritional and functional components， such as vitamin C， minerals， sugars， flavonoids， phenols and terpenoids， which satisfy nutrient needs of human. The fruit industry present situation， the main functions of composition and efficacy research progress are summarized. Additionally， application prospection of fruit’s functional components is analyzed.

Advances in plant abscisic acid receptor PYR/PYL/RCAR

ZHAO Lei

2019, 58(18): 14-18. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.003

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Abscisic acid （ABA） is an important plant stress-resistant hormone. The screening and identification of ABA receptors lay an important foundation for elucidating ABA signal transduction pathways in plants. Several kinds of ABA receptors have been found, most of which are questioned, but PYR/PYL/RCAR is generally considered to be the true ABA receptor protein. The research progress of ABA receptors before the discovery of PYR/PYL/RCAR was briefly introduced,and the research progress of PYR/PYL/RCAR protein at home and abroad were detailed introduced.

Study on the role of Yuyangbanlyu and Hanyubaomu in mechanical transplanting and strengthening seedling

SONG Hong-xi, LIU Chun-jun, XIAO Hong, LI Xiao-ling

2019, 58(18): 19-21. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.004

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The effects of different treatments on the physiological index and the yield of the strong seedling were analyzed by using the rice Yuyangbanlyu and Hanyubaomu to treat the mechanically-transplanted rice. The effect of using Yuyangbanlyu alone on seedling root strengthening, especially on disk root strength, is obvious. The effect of using Yuyangbanlyu+ Hanyubaomu on seedling rooting is obvious, at the same time, seedling height can be significantly reduce and leaf length can be increased. The effect of strong seedling is better. The effects of the two treatments on the yield are not obvious, but these have great potential to resist the reduction of production under natural disasters.

Preliminary study on machine-harvested cotton varieties in north of Hubei province

YAN Xian-hui, LIU Ke-zhao, FU Yong-hong, HUANG Mei-fang, CHEN Shan-jie

2019, 58(18): 22-24. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.005

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From 2016 to 2018, the research and experimental demonstration of mechanical harvesting varieties in northern Hubei cotton area were carried out. Three cotton varieties Ezamian 30,Huamian 3109,Jinghua 116 were screened which conformed to the requirements of machine-havrested cotton by the experiments of screening of direct seeding varieties in summer, the experiment on high efficiency cultivation of direct seeding after wheat, and the experiment of chemical defoliation and ripening. The excellent characteristics of cotton varieties picked by machine were summarized.

Preliminary study on application effect of new fertilizers on direct-seeding rice in integrated rice-crayfish model area

PENG Cheng-lin, YUAN Jia-fu, ZHAO Shu-jun, SI Guo-han, LI Jin-hua, XU Xiang-yu, XU Da-bing, JIA Ping-an

2019, 58(18): 25-28. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.006

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In the integrated rice-crayfish model of Jianghan Plain, the effects of three new fertilizers on the yield and nutrient uptake of direct-seeded rice were studied through field plot experiments. The results showed that under the condition of one-time fertilization, the yield of rice showed a downward trend with the decrease of the proportion of coated fertilizer. All coated fertilizer treatments showed no significant yield effect compared with the recommended fertilization control, and showed the symptoms of nitrogen deficiency in the middle and late stages of rice growth. For fertile agricultural bio-organic fertilizer, the nitrogen decreased by 2.5%~6.3%. Under the condition of reducing potassium fertilizer by 35.4%~72.9%, the yield of rice increased by 2.1%~3.5% compared with the recommended fertilization treatment, and the increase was mainly achieved by increasing effective panicles; For PPF bacterial fertilizer, the effect on rice yield was not obvious.

Effects of fertilizer and recommended fertilization study of mid-season rice in Yunxi county

XIE Cong-song, GUO Ke-wei, ZHAO Tong-gen

2019, 58(18): 29-32. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.007

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The effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizers on mid-season rice yield in Yunxi county were studied by experiment on mid-season rice "3414" in representative fields of four different townships in Yunxi county. At the same time, the ternary quadratic and quadratic equation of one variable regression effects equations of nutrient application rate and mid-season rice yield were obtained, and the optimal fertilization amount of the rice in each field was predicted. The results showed the most critical factor affecting the yield of mid-season rice in the tested area was nitrogen, followed by phosphorus, which was the least affected by potassium. The average yield reduction without fertilizer was 39.1% compared with the more reasonable fertilization. It was preliminarily indicated that the yield of the experimental field without fertilizer in one season will be reduced to a large extent and crop yield is more dependent on fertilizer. The application of N 160~200 kg/hm², P₂O₅ 60~80 kg/hm², K₂O 40~60 kg/hm² were more reasonable fertilization in experimental field and representative fields.

Different types of fertilization formula affecting vegetative growth and leaf nutrient content of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwu Changzao

ZHANG Hao, SUN Ya-ping, LI Zhan-wen, WAN Zhong-wu, TANG Wen-lin, SONG Li-hua

2019, 58(18): 33-38. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.008

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The effects of formula fertilization of N, P and K on the vegetative growth and leaf nutrient content of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwu Changzao were researched. The application amount of N, P and K fertilizer was controlled under field conditions, and the complete implementation scheme of “3414” was adopted from May to September. The shoots length, shoots diameter, single leaf area area and leaf water content and total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in leaves of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwu Changzao were measured every 30 days. The results showed that the appropriate application of N, P and K fertilizers could significantly increase the shoots length, shoots diameter, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf water content of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwu Changzao, and the treatment N₂P₁K₂（N 292.50 kg/hm²,P₂O₅ 86.33 kg/hm²,K₂O 115.65 kg/hm²） was the largest in shoots length and shoots diameter. The rational application of N, P and K in the sprout leaves period to the fruiting stage can increase the total N, total P and total K content in the leaves of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwu Changzao. Among them, the total N content and total P content of the leaves were the highest under treatment N₂P₂K₁（N 292.50 kg/hm²,P₂O₅ 172.65 kg/hm²,K₂O 57.83 kg/hm²）.

Investigation and study on sunburn disaster of winter jujube fruit in expansion period

SUN Ai-liang, LIU Xiao-peng, LIU Xian-zhao, PAN Bao-jun

2019, 58(18): 39-42. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.009

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The incidence of sunburn in the concentrated production areas of winter jujube in Hebei province in 2018 was investigated three times by field survey on July 23, August 7 and August 17, respectively. The results showed that the incidence of sunburn of winter jujube was correlated with the duration of high temperature and extreme temperature value positively. It also related to the location of fruits, showing a law that the incidence rate varies from large to small in the order of west, south, east and north, upper part had higher rate than lower one, in the meantime, external had a higher incidence than internal, with the lower and northern parts not appearing this disease. It related to the individual growth stage of the fruit because the larger fruit was more vulnerable to sunscald in the same position. Self-healing was a phenomenon among the winter jujube in a less serious disease of one level, healing itself or reducing injuries when the later meteorological conditions were more appreciate. In addition, the incidence was related to microclimate environment （underlying surface state） and management measures （for instance irrigation）.

Efficacy of biopesticides juege against Stephanitis chinensis Drake

QI Shi-mao

2019, 58(18): 43-44. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.010

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In order to screen a suitable control agent for Stephanitis chinensis Drake, a comparative experiment was carried out between the biological pesticide Juege adding additive Kuaikeli and the chemical pesticide bifenthrin EC. The control efficiency of 1,3 and 7 days after treatments which were 500 time diluent of Juege +300 times diluent of Kuaikeli, 300 time diluent of Juege+300 times diluent of Kuaikeli,200 time diluent of Juege +300 times diluent of Kuaikeli, 300 times diluent of 10% bifenthrin EC were 39.1%,46.2%,48.3%,67.8%,81.6%,96.1%,97.4%,86.2%,85.3%,97.3%,97.8%,79.1%,respectively. There was no significant difference in the control effects between the 300 time diluent of Juege+300 times diluent of Kuaikeli and 200 time diluent of Juege +300 times diluent of Kuaikeli, but they are significantly higher than 500 time?diluent of Juege +300 times diluent of Kuaikeli and 300 times diluent of 10% bifenthrin EC. Considering the control effect and the cost of control agent, it is recommended to use 300 time diluent of Juege+300 times diluent of Kuaikeli uniform spray to control Stephanitis chinensis Drake.

Preliminary study on antimicrobial mechanism of Artemisia argyi aqueous extract on Escherichia coli

ZHANG Yun, ZHANG Tao, LUO Ting, TANG Hong-feng

2019, 58(18): 45-48. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.011

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Using Escherichia coli as test bacteria, change of Escherichia coli culture fluid conductivity, total sugar and soluble protein were determined in aqueous extract of Artemisia argyi. The results showed that Artemisia argyi aqueous extract （3 g/mL） had stronger inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli. The minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） was 32 times the dilution of the Artemisia argyi aqueous extract （3 g/mL）. Under Artemisia argyi aqueous extract, Escherichia coli culture solution conductivity increased, the total sugar concentration and protein concentration increased. These results showed that the Artemisia argyi aqueous extract can damage the cell membrane of Escherichia coli, caused the cells to flow out. Therefore, the related physiological and biochemical indexes in the culture medium were affected.

Prediction of potential distribution of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Sichuan province under RCP2.6

LU Xing-li, LUO Wei, LI Qing, LIN Shan, WANG Ru-lin, YOU Chao, GUO Xiang, WANG Ming-tian

2019, 58(18): 49-54. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.012

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Based on the current situation and RCP2.6 scenario, MaxEnt model was selected to predict the potential distribution area of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Sichuan province, and the change of the suitable area in the 1930s, 1950s, 1970s and 1980s was analyzed. The results showed that AUC of training data and test data of all models were 0.915~0.979 and 0.924~0.970, respectively, which indicated a better forecast. Under current climate situation, the highly suitable area for Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae was in Chengdu, Deyang, Mianyang, Guangyuan, Bazhong, Dazhou and Yaan, whereas the moderately suitable area was in 21 cities of Sichuan. Under RCP 2.6 scenario, the areas of the highly and lowly suitable areas increased significantly compared with the current scenario, while the areas of the moderately suitable areas decreased significantly. The geometric center location and migration rule of different suitable areas were different, but they all moved northward in general.

Isolation and identification of a pathogen of walnut black spot in Yichang city

WANG Peng-cheng, WU Chu, SUN Zhi, PENG Xin, HAN Yong-shi, SUN Chang-cheng, JIA Qie

2019, 58(18): 55-57. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.013

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To identify the pathogen causing walnut black spot in Yichang city, the pathogenicity was determined according to Koch's rule. And the pathogenic bacteria was identified by morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. The results showed that Alternaria altenata was the pathogen causing walnut black spot in Yichang city.

The pests of walnuts in Qiannan prefecture

HE Wei-wei, WANG Kui, CAI Wei-dong, LIU Li-jun, WANG Yu-qi

2019, 58(18): 58-61. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.014

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Based on the investigation in field and references, the list of walnut spests in Qiannan prefecture of Guizhou province was sorted out. All of the pests are classified as 90 species 6 catalogue 36 fimilies. From the classification system, Lepidoptera pests and Coleoptera are the most, accounting for 47% and 28%, respectively. In terms of feeding mode and feeding location, there were 66 kinds of leaf-eating pests, accounting for 73% of all the species. The main pests in the south of Guizhou are Batocera horsfieldi, Alcidodes juglans, Gastrolina depressa.

Study on the effect of different fungicides on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

XU Xue-liang, LIU Zi-rong, HUANG Yan-zhang, LIU Xiao-juan, CHEN Qing-long, XIONG Huan-hua, YAO Ying-juan, WANG Fen-shan

2019, 58(18): 62-64. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.015

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In order to select suitable fungicides for the control of rape sclerotinia stem rot（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum） in Jiangxi province, the toxicity of 8 fungicides on Sclerotinia sclerotiorium was tested in laboratory by colony diameter law, and the experiment of controlling effect was carried out in field by conventional spray. The results showed that the Sclerotinia sclerotiorium was highly sensitive to tebuconazole, pochloraz, fluazinam, carbendazim, boscalid, procymidone and pyraclostrobin, EC₅₀ of which were between 0.005 μg/mL and 0.174 μg/mL, but insensitive to mancozeb. Procymidone, carbendazim,tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin showed better controlling effect in field, with efficacy of 86.44%, 82.48%, 81.35% and 77.40%, respectively.

The control effect of different stem and leaf herbicides on weeds in peanut field

LI Hong-mei, JIANG Xiang-guo, MU Jun, GUO Kai

2019, 58(18): 65-69. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.016

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The control effect of six herbicides and different combinations on peanut weeds and the safety of peanut were clarified by field plot test method was used. The results showed that there were significant differences in weed control effect among different chemicals, showing strong selectivity. The control effect of fresh weight for 40 days was investigated. 108 g/L high-efficiency fluoropyrimidine EC had the highest control effect on grasses weeds, up to 96.3%, but its control effect on broad-leaved weeds was lower than that of other herbicides. 10% ethyl carboxyfluoroether EC had 100% control effect on broad-leaved weeds, but the lower control effect on gramineous weeds, which was 16.9%. The control effect of 480 g/L methicillin pine AS on broad-leaved weeds was 93.8%, but only 6.9% for gramineous weeds. Among the combinations, 240 g/L imidazole niacin AS and 5% quinofolin EC or 250 g/L fluorosulfamethoxazole AS had higher control effects on gramineae and broad-leaved weeds, and 240 g/L imidazole niacin AS and 5% quinofop EC were better separately applied than mixed application. Peanut leaves were slightly chlorotic and crinkle, after application of pesticides, and could return to normal growth after 10~20 days.

Combining ability analyses of three comprehensive quantitative characters in parent materials of silkworm

LI De-chen, WU Fan, HAO Yu, CHEN Deng-song

2019, 58(18): 70-73. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.017

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The combining ability of seven Chinese silkworm parent materials and seven Japanese silkworm parents materials and their 49 cross combinations were analyzed in an 7×7 incomplete diallel crossing design for the following three omnibus quantitative characters which were larva-pupa survival rate, cocoon production per ten thousand silkworms,cocoon shell production per ten thousand silkworms. The results showed that Chunfeng and Ju 9 had higher general combining ability in 7 Chinese parents, the general combining ability of Zhen J and Hao J were higher in 7 Japanese parents. The special combination ability and the total combination ability of Zhen J×Ju 9,Hao J×Chunfeng, Xiangqiu×Ju 9, Hao J×Su 9 were higher, especially, Zhen J×Ju 9 was the highest. These combinations can be used as target combinations, strengthen parental material selection at the same time. The properties of cocoon and silk of these target combinations were studied comprehensively. It is expected to breed varieties that meet the breeding objectives.

Mechanism of fruit cracking in Qingcui plum

SUN Guo-chao, QIU Xia, XIONG Bo, WANG Zhi-hui

2019, 58(18): 74-77. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.018

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By detecting the changes law of K, P, Ca, pectin and cellulose in plum（Prunus salicina Lindl.） continuously, and observing the growth rate of pulp cells, skin cells and the cells nearby rifts, the Qingcui plum was used as material to study the mechanism of fruit cracking. The results showed that the Ca had the greatest effect on fruit cracking among three elements, K ranked second place, and P had no obvious effect. The cellulose and pectin had obvious relevance to dehiscent fruit. The anatomical observations and micro-measurements showed that, uncoordinatedly growing of epidermal cell, parenchyma cells and pulp cells caused fruit cracking.

Study on main chemical components of shoots and leaves of Camellia oleifera Abel. in slope aspexts

WU Wei, GAO Xiao-ming, HU Juan-juan, YU Yun-yun, SHU Qing-long

2019, 58(18): 78-81. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.019

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The experimental materrials 40 years old Camellia oleifera Abel. forest were collected from the altitude of 200 meters in Xiaotian town, Shucheng county, Anhui province,and four slope aspects were selected. To collect shoots and leaves of Camellia oleifera Abel., the content of holo-cellulose,cellulose,lignin and benzene-ethanol of shoots and leaves were determined to compare the difference of chemical compositions among the four slope aspects of Camellia oleifera Abel.. The results showed that the content of holo-cellulose, cellulose, lignin and benzene-ethanol in the shoots and leaves of different slope aspects were in the south>east>west>north. The inherent resistance of Camellia oleifera Abel. showed the trend of the south>east>west>north, which was the result of long-term adaptation of Camellia oleifera Abel. under environmental stress selection. Camellia oleifolia Abel. plantation is better be built in the south, southwest and southeast slope in order to pursue yield, and the south slope toward the sun is the most suitable choice for the seedling base.

Effects of different floating plate types on lettuce cultivated by floating hydroponics technique

WANG Jia-bei, WANG Jiu-xing

2019, 58(18): 82-85. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.020

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The effects of different floating plate types on lettuce（Lactuca sativa L.） cultivated by floating hydroponics technique were studied. The results showed that the effects of the double-layer floating plate with the upper and lower thickness of 2 cm of lettuce was the best. The plant shape was large. It’s plant height was 26.72 cm, plant width was 32.15 cm,stem diameter was 10.90 mm, leaf number was 9.81,leaf length was 23.56 cm,leaf width was 14.63 cm,leaf area was 229.78 cm², and root volume was 9.54 cm³. The biomass was high. It’s fresh mass of crown was 47.51 g,fresh mass of root was 9.48 g, total fresh mass was 56.99 g, dry mass of crown was 3.037 0 g, root dry mass was 0.935 3 g,total dry mass was 3.972 3 g. The nutritional quality was similar to that of conventional lamp core. Therefore, the double-deck floating plate that comprised two pieces polystyrene foam plastics plates, one piece’s thickness was 2 cm and the fixed holes diameter was 2 cm,the other piece’s thickness was 2 cm and the diameter of planting hole was 5 cm, can be used for hydroponics of leaf lettuce.

Analysis on fruit phonetypic characteristics of primary selected plus trees in Carya dabieshanensis

DU Yang-wen, JIANG De-zhi, YAO Xiao-hua, YAN Shao-liang

2019, 58(18): 86-88. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.021

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In order to select and breed superior clone of Carya dabieshanensis, the fresh fruit weight, vertical and horizontal diameter of fruit, pericarp thickness, fresh seed weight, vertical and horizontal diameter of seed and dry kernel weight on fruit of primary selected plus trees were analyzed. The results showed that the difference were very significant among selected plus trees, CV of the fresh fruit weight was 20.17%,which was the biggest, CV of the horizontal and vertical diameter of seed were 5.78% and 7.00%,which were the smaller, the total heteromorphosis was not significant among selected plus trees.JZH、ZZ1 and DZY have large fruit character, the vertical diameter of which was 37.26~41.69 mm, the horizontal diameter was 34.29~44.19 mm. ZW3 has thin peel character, which was only 4.18 mm.

The study of artificial fish nest in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river

ZHANG Jun-hua, LI Hong-tao, LI Ni-ya, ZHANG Ya, LIU Jian-hu

2019, 58(18): 89-92. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.022

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Artificial fish nest made of bamboo poles and aquatic plants were set up in Xiangjiaba reservoir area ,the Jiangjin section of the Yangtze river and the Chishui city of the Chishui river from February to May in 2017. The results showed that the number of adhesive eggs reached 11.03 billion,5.67 billion and 9.08 billion. All of the adhered fish eggs were identified as Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus by species identification. It can proliferate 37.502 0 million,96.750 5 million and 24.608 1 million fish larvae respectively and attract other fish larvae. Owing to the hatching of adhesive eggs and the rotting of egg membrane,dissolved oxygen concentration of local water in artificial fish nest decreased,ammonia nitrogen concentration,chemical oxygen demand concentration and suspended solids concentration increased slightly,but the water quality index was still below the limit of class III of surface water.

Investigation and protection of germplasm resources of Varicorhinus macrolepis in Qinba Mountain area

QU Guo-sheng, CAI Zheng-wang, HUANG Yong, LIU Qiang, LI Zhi-an, LUO Bin

2019, 58(18): 93-97. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.023

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V. macrolepis are mainly distributed in the upper and middle reaches of Hanjiang River Basin, this paper investigates the habitat, distribution range, biological characteristics and reproductive characteristics of V. macrolepis in Qinba Mountain Area. According to the survey, a large number of water conservancy projects and barrages have been built on major rivers in Ankang area, 86 small hydropower stations have been built （including 2 abandoned ones）, 11 are under construction, and 42 are planned to be built, including 72 barrages and reservoirs. V. macrolepis is a cold water, omnivorous fish, the sex ratio is close to 1∶1, batch spawning.In Ziyang, Pingli, Zhenping, Ningshan and other counties, there are more distribution of V. macrolepis. The population of V. macrolepis in Renhe River and its tributaries in Ziyang county is dominant in Maju River, Panxiang River, Zhuxi River and Raoxi River, in Zhenping county Nanjiang River and Lanhe tributaries Zhengyang River,they are also distributed, while Baishi River and Lengshui river of Baihe county, Xunyang county and Hanbin county,they are less distributed. V. macrolepis endangered main reasons,human destruction, habitat fragmentation, habitat degradation and pollution, and excessive use. We can take steps to protect them, such as in situ protection, ex situ protection, publicity and education, strengthen fishery law enforcement, strengthen research. We hope these measures will protect and restore the population of V. macrolepis for sustainable use.

Optimization of extraction technology and content determination of total flavonoids from Podocarpus macrophyllus （Thunb.） D. Don

WEI Jin-mei, LU Mei-yuan, WEI Xiu-mei, QIU Qin, HUANG Feng-yin, CHEN Ke-cheng, ZHEN Han-shen

2019, 58(18): 98-101. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.024

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The total flavonoids of the stem of Podocarpus macrophyllus（Thunb.） D. Don was extracted by ultrasonic extraction, and the effects of extraction methods, solvent concentration, extraction sdvent volume and extraction time on total flavonoids were investigated by single factor test. Orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the extraction process and select the best extraction process of total flavonoids from the stem of Podocarpus macrophyllus（Thunb.） D. Don. The results showed that the best extraction technology was 70% ethanol, ultrasonic extraction of 1.0 h, and the ratio of material to liquid 1∶20（m/V）. The ultrasonic extraction method can be used to extract the total flavonoids of the stem of Podocarpus macrophyllus（Thunb.） D. Don. The method has good reproducibility, stability and feasibility.

Research on the green-maintaining process of wild Sonchus brachyotus DC. and the compound optimization of green and crisp maintaining agent

ZHAN Zong-bing, KANG San-jiang, ZHANG Hai-yan, GOU Li-na

2019, 58(18): 102-107. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.025

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To get the optimum green-maintaining process and green agent formula,the effect of alkali steeping and blanching conditions on chlorophyll retention rate of wild Sonchus brachyotus DC. were studies by the single factor randomized trial design. Meanwhile, take the chlorophyll retention rate, hardness as indicators, respectively. Based on the results of single factor test, orthogonal test was adopted to optimize the green-maintaining process. Innovative use of D-sodium erythorbate, sodium phytate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride 4 kinds of food-grade additive without heavy metalions for the treatment of green and crisp maintaining agent compatibility optimize test. The results showed that the pre-treated wild Sonchus brachyotus DC. was soaked in an anhydrous sodium carbonate solution with a ratio of solid to liquid of 1∶15 and a concentration of 0.1 g/L for 30 min. Then after blanching for 60 seconds in the color protection solution at a temperature of 92 ℃, the obtained wild Sonchus brachyotus DC. had the best effect of protecting green and crisps. The best formula of the composite green and crisps maintaining agent is： D-sodium ascorbate 4.0 g/L, the concentration of sodium phytate is 0.1 g/L, the concentration of sodium bicarbonate is 4.0 g/L, the concentration of calcium chloride is 0.8 g/L. Under these conditions, the retention rate and hardness of chlorophyll were the highest, which were 88.29% and 3.62 N, respectively.

Determination of volatile oil constituents of Moutan cortex from four habitats by GC-MS

ZHAO Yun-xia, LI Yong-hui, SUN Dong-xu, LIU Gui-long

2019, 58(18): 108-110. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.026

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In order to analyze and compare the chemical constituents of volatile oil from Moutan cortex from four habitats in Shaanxi, Anhui, Henan and Shandong, the volatile oil from four habitats of Shaanxi, Anhui, Henan and Shandong is identified by using the method of supercritical CO₂ extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Results showed that the yield of volatile oil extracted from Shandong, Anhui, Henan and Shaanxi were 0.26%, 0.25%, 0.22% and 0.27% respectively, the relative content of paeonol were 91.51%,87.83%,53.92%,84.07%, and the chemical constituents of four habitats were paeonol, oleic acid and so on.

Nutritional components analysis and antioxidant activity of abandoned branches and leaves of Biluochun

LIU Ju-hua, JIN Zhen, ZHU Ben-shun, ZHU Xu-yang, JIANG Chen-wei, WANG Peng-cheng, WANG Tao-yun

2019, 58(18): 111-114. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.027

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To analysis and evaluate nutrient quality of abandoned branches and leaves of Biluochun（ABLB）, using the national standard methods and some other methods, total anthocyanin contents, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, mineral elements and some other nutritional components were determined. And total antioxidant capacity（T-AOC） of ABLB was investigated. The results indicated that there are many kinds of nutrients in ABLB. And contents of anthocyanin, polyphenol and flavnoid were 0.77 mg cyanidin 3-galactoside/g（DW）, 165.22 mg gillic acid/g（DW） and 52.62 mg rutin/g（DW）, respectively. The contents of moisture,ash,crude fat,crude fiber,total soluble protein and total soluble sugar in ABLB were 76.77%,4.80%,3.66%,0.16%,2.99% and 3.86%. The ABLB had 18 kinds of amino acids, total amino acid and essential amino acid were 55.8 mg/g and 20.53 mg/g, respectively. The amino acids of Thr, Val, Leu, Phe+Tyr and Lys were higher than that in the pattern of FAO/WHO and Leu, Lys were higher than the pattern of egg. The extract of ABLB had good antioxidant activity and the content of ABLB was positively correlated with antioxidant capacity. So, the ABLB appear to have a good prospect of exploitation and application. And it is worth our in-depth development and utilization.

Comparative test of enzyme reagent method for rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues

LUO Jun-xia, ZHAO Jian-bo, JIA Dong, SHANG Hang-ying, HAN Luo-li, SONG Xiao-shuang

2019, 58(18): 115-120. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.028

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Four organophosphorus pesticides, including dichlorvos, quinthion, trichlorfon and octamphos-methyl, were rapidly determined by six reagent kits of commercial enzyme inhibition. The results showed that the reproducibility of pesticide residue in the rapid detection kit by enzyme inhibition decreased with the increase of inhibition rate. The sensitivity and detection limit of each reagent box to several pesticides were different. The inhibition rate of each reagent box for the four pesticides is not the same as the linear regression range of the logarithm of the pesticide concentration. There was little difference between 3.0 mL extraction and 2.5 mL extraction during the test, and individual pesticides differed at individual concentration levels. Since the reagent box for rapid detection of pesticide residues by enzyme inhibition method has different sensitivity for the detection of various pesticides, it is recommended that the sample with a suppression rate of ≥10% be reexamined in the actual test work, and that the chromatographic mass spectrometry be used for qualitative quantification.

Research and apply about soil moisture retention machinery by suspension in arid region

NIU Shu-qing, TANG Chun-mei, TIAN Shu-fei, QU Zhen-hua, DUAN Ru-he, FAN Hu-jun

2019, 58(18): 121-124. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.029

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The soil improvement and soil moisture technology by agricultural machinery were put forward, designing and making it according to the characteristics of geographical position and climate in the north, drought phenomenon is becoming more and more serious, leading to the difficulty of sowing. Annually, soil moisture is measured before sowing, experiment showing, the technology not only can increase soil moisture but also improve the problem of soi soil hardening by using rotary cultivator in the long time. Meanwhile, it provides the necessary technical support to ensure the farmers to sow seeds and to increase the income of farmers.

Design of biomass energy heat exchanger for intensive curing barn

WANG Zheng, WEI Jian-yu, SHEN Yan-jin, HUANG Chong-jun, AO Jin-cheng, KONG Wan-jun, CHEN Ji-hua

2019, 58(18): 125-128. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.030

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In order to solve the problems of the biomass energy heat exchanger for intensive curing barn on lower heat transfer efficiency, easy tempering, easy corrosion and slagging, serious ash accumulation and short service life. Based on the previous application and comparison between domestic and foreign heat exchangers, a new biomass energy heat exchanger for tobacco leaves curing was designed. The structure of heat exchanger is simple reliable and durable which is mainly composed of square tube, heat transfer tube, heatsink, dissipation tube and ash storage tube. The heat transfer efficiency can be improved mainly by increasing the heatsink of heat transfer tube and heat tube hole diameter, the ash and slagging which can be removed without stopping the heat exchanger by optimizing the ash removal device.

Design of full-feeding ratoon rice combine harvester

YANG Yu-kun, LIU Jun, HUANG Deng-pan, ZENG Shan, LAI Quan-xi

2019, 58(18): 129-132. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.031

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Considering the problem with manual labor-intensive harvesting rice in the first crop of ratoon rice and the high harvest efficiency of the crawler harvester, which affects the germination and yield of the ratoon rice, this paper aims to demonstrate a whole-feed ratoon rice combine, which can complete the operation links in sequence one at a time such as harvesting, conveying, threshing and separating, straw crushing and auto-unloading of ratoon rice. In accordance with the design requirements of ratoon rice combine we design and calculate the technical parameters such as swath, feeding of crop, forward velocity, power and transmission route of the whole machine. Employing high-clearance four-wheel drive chassis, ground clearance of machine ≥600 mm, paddy-field solid wheel width 125 mm to ensure that the wheel can run between the two adjacent rice reducing the rolling to rice stubble when wheel running between the rice for harvesting. The field experiment showed that the rolling rate of ratoon rice combine is 27.5% lower than that of crawler rice combine, and the yield of ratoon rice is increased by 14.6%.

Design of multi-arrangement solar energy intelligent tracking system for facility agriculture

CHEN Xin-nan, PANG Li-hao, CHENG Yu-feng, YAN Jia-ming, SHAO Lei

2019, 58(18): 133-136. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.032

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In order to further improve the energy conversion efficiency and energy storage rate of solar panels in facility agriculture, an intelligent multi-arrangement solar tracking system is designed in this paper. The system is mainly composed of control systems, solar panel modules, horizontal and elevation direction adjustment structure and other components. The system realizes the intelligent tracking of sunlight, so that the solar panels are always perpendicular to the direction of light. The system is effective to run and the whole structure is simple. The two regulatory structures for different directions are independent of each other. The system greatly improves energy conversion efficiency and can be widely used in the field of facility agriculture.

Design on controller for kiwi fruit grading by weight based on MCU

HE Guo-rong

2019, 58(18): 137-140. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.033

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The fruit grading controller of Actinidia chinensis based on AT89S52 MCU was designed. The controller contained keyboard modules, display modules, grating modules, sounds output modules, and could improve efficiency.

Bus line doning and driving route optimization in Harbin based on GIS

SUN Rui, ZHANG Dong-you

2019, 58(18): 141-144. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.034

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The application of geographic information system （GIS） in urban public traffic systems,greatly improves people’s life efficiency,simplify the management of urban public transport system. Using GIS methods such as buffer analysis and overlay analysis, local optimization of a single bus line for a complete complex urban bus network. It can also be used for overall planning and optimization of a simple urban bus network that has not been fully developed. Using Azimuth coding to relate the code of bus code with the general running routes. The bus number are the specific codes of bus in different routes, its perfect function is to display the general framework of the bus route. Setting up a new method of encoding and optimizing the bus routes,the result showed that the application of GIS in urban public traffic systems, The significance of public transport coding mode is convenient for people to make simple choices when taking public transportation,handy some institution to manage the public transport,reduces the error rate to a certain extent when people choose the bus, and improves the overall bus efficiency. The adjustment and optimization of bus route and bus network can increase the operation efficiency of public transportation system and promote economic efficiency.

Study on factors affecting planting area of crop base period plant based on AHP

WANG Tao, WANG De-ping, JIANG Yu-dong, PENG Hao

2019, 58(18): 145-148. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.035

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The analytic hierarchy process（AHP） was used to analyze the influencing factors affecting the planting area of crops. The analysis results show that the influence of natural factors, socio-economic factors and agricultural technology factors on the planting area in the base period is in turn enhanced; the influence of climate, government policies and improved varieties on the planting area of the base period is particularly significant.

Callus induction from tea tree

LIU Jing

2019, 58(18): 149-151. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.036

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The effects of different plant growth regulators on the induction of tea[Camellia sinensis（L.） O. Ktze.] root and leaf callus in MS medium were investigated by using the germinated roots and leaves of tea seeds as explants under aseptic conditions. The results showed that the optimum medium for callus induction was NAA 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 1.5 mg/L, and the induction rate was 85.1%. NAA 1.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L was the optimal medium for callus induction in young leaves, with an induction rate of 87.0%.

TRAP analysis of disease resistance related gene TAO1-like in sweet potato

WANG Chong, WANG Lian-jun, LEI Jian, SU Wen-jin, CHAI Sha-sha, YANG Xin-sun, ZHANG Wen-ying

2019, 58(18): 152-155. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.037

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NBS-LRR is the largest class of isolated disease resistance genes in plants, Target of AvrB Operation（TAO1）belongs to NBS-LRR class genes. Using sweet potato disease resistance genes NBS-LRR as target gene to design one fixed primer,and for paring 11 pairs primers with 11 arbitrary primers. The 11 pairs of primers were used for TRAP-PCR amplification of sweet potato cultivars Eshu 11 and Ezishu 13. It was found that 11 primer combinations amplified clear bands and showed good polymorphism. The TRAP marker that associated with the TAO1-like gene were obtained, which could be used to analyze the genetic diversity of sweet potato population and provide a theoretical basis for disease resistance breeding of sweet potato.

Comparative analysis of two kinds of immune enzymes in serum of Apodemus peninsulaeand and Apodemus agrarius

JIA Xiu-qi, YANG Xin-yu, JIN Zhi-min

2019, 58(18): 156-157. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.038

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PAGE method was adopted to compare and analyze the distribution and activity of SOD and POD 2 immune enzymes in the serum of Apodemus peninsulae and Apodemus agrarius, and the electrophoresis patterns of SOD and POD enzymes were established. The results showed that SOD and POD were expressed in the serum of Apodemus peninsulae and Apodemus agrarius, but there were significant differences in the distribution and activity of enzymes between the two species.

The dilemma and strategic choice of tourism development in small and medium-sized cities under the speed of high speed rail

CHAI Hai-yan, REN Qiu-ying, WANG Lu

2019, 58(18): 158-162. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.039

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The small and medium-sized cities along the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway were selected as research objects. From the four aspects of economic development level, transportation location conditions, tourism resource endowment and tourism reception capacity, an index system was established to influence the development level of tourism economy, and econometric panel data was constructed. The study found that the level of tourism economic development is positively correlated with the level of regional economic development, the richness of tourism resources, and the reception capacity of tourist destinations, and is negatively correlated with the passenger volume of railways, that is, the “corridor effect” makes the tourism development of small and medium-sized cities along the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway did not benefit from it. It is suggested that we should start from improving the tourism attractiveness of small and medium-sized cities, and cooperate with the central cities to achieve win-win results, and convert the accessibility brought by high-speed rail into actual tourism profits.

Double duality and formation mecharism of animal products quality safety in China

YOU Xi-huo

2019, 58(18): 163-167. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.040

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The double duality of animal product quality safety is revealed, that is, quality safety of product entity level and quality safety of consumer psychology level, quality safety of official evaluation and quality safety of non-governmental evaluation. On this basis, the formation mechanism of livestock product quality safety was analyzed, the reasons of unsafe quality of livestock products perceived by consumers were revealed, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to improve the quality safety of livestock products.

Regression analysis of main components of consumer demand in Jiangsu province

ZHAO Qing

2019, 58(18): 168-171. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.041

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In order to study the deficiency of consumer demand in current society, based on relevant data of Jiangsu province from 2002 to 2012, this thesis, selecting relevant factors that may influence consumption demand, using correlation analysis and principal component analysis, explores the impact of various factors on consumer demand. It is concluded that the most influential factors on per capita consumption expenditure are per capita GDP, urban and rural health care expenditure, and benchmark interest rate. According to the analysis results, the thesis puts forward some Suggestions to improve the consumption level.

Study on the accessibility of green space in Yongding district of Zhangjiajie city

BU Cong, ZHANG Xiong-yi, YU Ji-wei, LIU Si-mei-hui, TANG Yu-ting, ZHU Shen-hai

2019, 58(18): 172-175. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.042

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Based on the land use patches in Yongding district of Zhangjiajie city, using the principle of spatial accessibility of geographic information system（GIS） technology, the cost-weighted distance method is used to assign resistance values to various types of land patches in Yongding district, and the spatial accessibility analysis of green space status is carried out to generate spatial accessibility map of Yongding urban green space. The results show that the green space system of Yongding district in Zhangjiajie city is relatively perfect, and the space accessibility of green space is good, but there are certain differences between the areas. The green space accessibility of the city center is better than that of the eastern part of the city. The optimization strategy of green space layout in Yongding district of Zhangjiajie city were put forward to provide a certain reference for urban planning and construction.

Study on the side structural reform of agricultural supply under the background of big data：A case study of Shaanxi province

DING Yang

2019, 58(18): 176-180. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.043

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The significance of large data on the optimization of the side structure of agricultural economy supply was introduced, then using the side structure reform of agricultural supply of Shanxi province as the research object, the present situation of agriculture in Shaanxi province and the existing problems and causes in the side structure reform of agricultural supply were analyzed. The main problems of the side structure reform of agricultural supply in Shaanxi province are the supply-side structure of representative agricultural product, technical structure problem and the structure of adapting to market demand.The approaches of the side structure reform of agricultural supply in Shanxi province were studied, the measures of innovation system, talent cultivation, and big data support were proposed,to promote the reform and optimization of the side structure reform of agricultural supply in China based on the big data.

Study on the utilization of natural and material cultural heritage in Qichun county under the strategy of rural revitalization

SUN Yuan-peng, SUN Yan-ling, WU Zhe, LIU Yu-si, LEI Ya-ning

2019, 58(18): 181-184. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.044

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Qichun county natural heritage resources and material cultural heritage resources were sorted out, and the main problems in their protection were analysed. The protection and utilization strategies of the county's natural and material cultural heritage under the strategy of rural revitalization were discussed, and relevant suggestions were put forward.

Research on the deep development of the tourism culture brand of "Natural National Heart-Jixinling"

ZHAO Lin-long

2019, 58(18): 185-192. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.045

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From the perspective of tourism development, Jixinling has planned the "Natural National Heart" tourism culture brand of Chinese rooster, and has become a new highlight of the tourism cultural brand around the Daba mountain in Shaanxi, Hubei and Chongqing. Starting from the construction of tourism cultural brand of "Natural National Heart", aiming at the outstanding problems in the development of Jixinling Grand Scenic Area, it is proposed to construct the Jixinling Grand Scenic Area, enrich the cultural connotation of "Natural National Heart", formulate appropriate 4A scenic spot reporting schemes, improve tourism transportation facilities and integrate into the national transportation pattern, strengthen brand industry and expand in-depth development proposals for publicity channels.

Analysis on the integration and development path of red resources in small towns with characteristics in southern Shaanxi

YIN Xing-chuang

2019, 58(18): 193-195. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.046

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The construction of characteristic towns in southern Shaanxi province was actively carried out under the support of the policies of our country and Shaanxi province. In order to integrate the rich red resources in the southern Shaanxi area into the characteristic small town, make a good job of the red education and the inheritance, analyze the rich historical accumulation and the red educational resource advantage of the small town in the southern Shaanxi, and put forward the development path of the red resources in the small town of the southern Shaanxi, with a view to revitalizing the rural tourism industry in the southern Shaanxi.

Investigation and analysis on the satisfaction degree of poor college students getting rid of poverty in poor areas

GUO Meng, WANG Yi

2019, 58(18): 196-200. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.18.047

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Through the investigation and interview of poor college students in three cities in southern Shaanxi province of Qinba mountain area, a logical regression model was constructed, and the factors affecting the satisfaction of accurate poverty alleviation were analyzed through the orderly logic regression. The results showed that the regression results of poverty alleviation objects to three indexes were significant, which were the management of the poverty alleviation project, the propaganda of the poverty alleviation policy and the evaluation of the work of the poverty alleviation people.The impact indicators of poverty-reduction satisfaction were sorted by high-to-low ranking to the management of the poverty alleviation project, the evaluation of the work of the poverty alleviation people,the propaganda of the poverty alleviation policy,the identification standards and the identification procedures of the poor households, and the degree of understanding of the poverty-alleviation policy. The policy recommendations are put forward based on the results of the analysis.

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