HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Research Status of Grape Pruning Machine

ZHOU Yan, HAN Hui-min, CAI Wen-long, JIA Shou-xing, HE Lei, DAI Ya-meng, LI Fan

2018, 57(21): 5-5. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.001

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Reasonable grape pruning is the prerequisite for the stable and high yield of grapes. Artificial pruning of grapes has many problems such as large labor cost,low efficiency,high labor intensity,and difficult to guarantee pruning quality. Farmers urgently need to use mechanical grape pruning instead of manual pruning. The development status of grape pruning machine at home and abroad is summarized,and the development trend of grape pruning machinery in the future is analyzed.

Development Models,Evaluation and Countermeasures of Recycling Agriculture

WANG Kang-zhe, YANG Tao, CHEN Yi, HE Chun-guang, SHENG Lian-xi

2018, 57(21): 9-15. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.002

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According to review on the research status of recycling agriculture,through combing the development history and characteristics of recycling agriculture at home and abroad,marking out two types of development models based on the industrial coupling and the depth development of waste,two kinds of evaluation methods from both macroscopic view and microcosmic perspective were compared,and some problems existing in the development of circular agriculture in China were analyzed,then corresponding suggestions were put forward from aspects of the government support,financial system, scientific and technological support,the construction of industrialization system, and the improvement of evaluation system and methods,to provide a reference for the development and further research of recycling agriculture.

Research Progress of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds with Pesticide Activity

TIAN Yu-xi, MIN Yong, YANG Zi-wen, ZHOU Rong-hua, WANG Kai-mei

2018, 57(21): 16-18. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.003

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Microbes with pesticide activity produce a wide variety of volatile organic compounds,which produces diverse strains,diverse functions,and non-volatile compounds with practicability similar to those produced by microorganisms. They are an important class of functional compounds. The species,strains,separation and detection methods,pesticide activity and application of microbial volatile organic compounds with pesticide activity were reviewed;and problems and considerations were put forward. The aim was to provide reference for the development and application of microbial volatile organic compounds with pesticide activity.

Development Status and Countermeasures of Citrus Industry in Xianning City

ZHENG Li, XU Sheng-wu, ZHANG Ya-juan, XIA Wen-juan, SHI Shi-sheng, YANG Shuo, XIAO Xin-yuan

2018, 57(21): 19-21. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.004

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The main citrus production areas in Xianning city are mainly concentrated in the Fushui reservoir area.At present,there are still problems such as unreasonable product structure,low level of orchard management,few and weak business operators, and serious shortage of technical personnel. Combining with the development advantages of Xianning citrus industry,it is necessary to reinvigorate the development strategy of citrus industry in Xianning city. It is necessary to increase government support,promote good varieties and good practices,develop labor-saving ecological cultivation mode, and promote the development of combined farming and tourism.

Study on the Method for Determination of Available Selenium in Soil

CHEN E, CHEN Yong-bo, LI Wei-dong, HUANG Guang-yu, HU Bai-shun, LIU Shu-qin, QIN Bang, CHEN Ye, XIONG Qian

2018, 57(21): 22-26. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.005

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The atomic fluorescence speciation analysis and atomic fluorescence spectrometry were carried out to detect the available selenium in soil at different locations in Enshi City. Extraction conditions such as concentration of leachate,ratio of liquid to sample,shaking time,ultrasonic time,soil fineness,pH of leachate and other conditions were optimized to establish an effective extraction method of available selenium in soil. The extraction method is as follows,after 1.0 g soil sample is weighed into a centrifuge tube,accurately add 10 mL of 0.25 mol/L KH₂PO₄ solution,shaken at 30 ℃,1 500 r/min for 60 min,centrifuged at 3 000 r/min for 15 min. and take 5 mL supernatant for digestion. After digestion,the recovery of the sample was 90.17%~98.00%. It laid the foundation for the development of standards for soil available selenium determination methods.

Strategic Research on Science and Technology Supporting the Construction of "Selenium Capital of the World and Selenium Valley of China"

ZHU Yun-fen, YIN Hong-qing, WEI Kai, MING Jia-jia, CHEN Xiao-fei

2018, 57(21): 27-30. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.006

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Starting from the the necessity of the construction of "Selenium Capital of the World and Selenium Valley of China",in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,the main achievements and existing problems of scientific and technological support to promote the development of selenium resources are analyzed,and corresponding measures and policy recommendations are proposed.

Breeding of A High-yield,High-quality,Multi-resistance,Double-cropping Late indica Rice Variety Jufengyou 441

ZHOU Qiang, WANG Huan, LYU Rui-ling, ZHAGN Sheng, CAI Xing-xing, LI Xing-hua

2018, 57(21): 31-33. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.007

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The breeding process of high yield,high quality and multi-resistant double-season late indica rice variety Jufengyou 441 was introduced. The main characteristics,yield,quality and resistance of the variety were analyzed. The trial yield was 8 458.5 kg/hm²,which was 6.26% and 3.22% higher than that of the control Xieyou 92 and Xinyou 188,respectively,reaching a very significant level;the growth period was almost the same to the control;the rice quality was awarded 3 grade high quality rice;has moderate resistance to rice blast,resistance to rice false smut,resistance to stripe leaf blight,etc.,the stems are thick,the ears are large and with more grains,and the lodging resistance is strong. The high-yield cultivation techniques and high-yield seed production techniques of this variety were summarized.

Comparison and Application of Planting Technology of Ratooning Rice in Hubei Province

LI Yang, ZHAO Feng, WANG Ben-fu, ZHANG Zhi-sheng, XIANG Qing-qing, GUO Yin-bin, CHENG Jian-ping

2018, 57(21): 34-36. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.008

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As a high-yield and efficient planting model, ratooning rice cultivation is receiving more and more attention.A comparative experiment was conducted on several planting patterns of ratooning rice in Hubei Province. The test results show that the mechanical output of ratooning rice has a higher output-to-input ratio,which is significantly higher than that of throwing and artificial transplanting,34.3% and 28.6%,which is a better model of ratooning rice. The planting points of mechanically planted ratooning rice are briefly described.

The High-Efficient Grafting and Seedling Technique of Upland Cotton and Island Cotton and Its Application

ZHANG Jiao-hai, BIE Shu, WANG Xiao-gang, XIA Song-bo, QIAN Ai-min, WU Zhong-yan, QUAN Wen shu, JIANG Xiao-ping

2018, 57(21): 37-39. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.009

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Grafting technique of cotton can effectively control Verticillium wilt， increase the yield and quality of cotton. The high-efficient grafting and seedling technique of upland cotton and island cotton was introduced， which mainly included the selection and seedling raising of rootstock and scion varieties， grafting methods and grafting seedling management， green control technology during symbiotic stage of grafted seedling and watermelon. The practical application showed that， the grafting survival rate ranged over 90%， and the benefits was increased over 5 820 yuan/hm2.

The Mode of Land Consolidation Based on Internet Plus

ZHU Gao-feng, TANG Xiang-yun

2018, 57(21): 40-45. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.010

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The new mode of land consolidation based on the internet plus is explored. The main method used is knowing dificients of current mode of land consolidation in informatization through questionnaires and proposing scheme of establishing information system to achieve the new land consolidation mode. Results show that current land consolidation is not highly informationized,needing to build a whole new mode. Conclusion is that through four internet system schemes consist of information interaction,finance management,project control and supervision,we can build a land consolidation mode based on internet plus.

Simulation Study of Critical Surface Rainfall in Jihe River Basin Based on HBV Model

SU Xie-wei, REN Yuan-xin, WANG Yi-yong, SONG Jia-xin, WANG You-heng

2018, 57(21): 46-50. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.011

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Using semi-distributed HBV hydrological model, the hydrological data and meteorological data of Jihe River Basin from 2006 to 2013 were selected in the first-level tributary of Weihe River Jihe Tianshui（II） hydrological station. The relationship between precipitation, discharge and water level is established in the basin above the hydrological station, and the precipitation at the precipitation-induced interface is determined. The results show that the Nash coefficient of the HBV model is 0.50 and the deterministic coefficient R² is 0.70. The Nash coefficient is 0.71 and the deterministic coefficient R² is 0.84 in the verification period. According to the measured discharge data of Tianshui（II） hydrologic station and the relationship between water level and precipitation in HBV model are used to determine the rainfall at the interface of basin disaster, and the three flood processes are selected to verify it. It is proved that the early warning effect of the rainfall index of the disaster interface based on the HBV hydrological model method is good.

Effects of Nitrogen Forms and Water Stress on the Water Absorption of Root Systems Among the Different Rice Cultivars

YANG Xiu-xia, YAN Hui, SHANG Qing-yin, ZHOU Chun-huo, GUO Shi-wei

2018, 57(21): 51-56. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.012

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In order to study the effects of different nitrogen forms and water stress on physiological characteristics and water absorption pathway of root system,hydroponic experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. Water stress was simulated by treatment with polyethylene glycol（PEG6000）. Four rice（Oryza sativa L.） genotypic varieties （Shanyou 63,Yangdao 6,86you 8 and Wuyunjing 7） were utilized in the experiments. The results showed that regardless of water conditions,rice biomass was higher in the plants supplied with ammonium nutrition than that in nitrate nutrition. Under water stress condition, root activity, absorption area and water uptake ability were higher in the plants supplied with ammonium nutrition than that in nitrate nutrition. Regardless of water status, water uptake and transport were mainly through cell-cell passway in the plants supplied with ammonium nutrition; as for the plants supplied with nitrate nutrition, they were mainly through cell-cell pathway under non-water stress condition and throught apoplastic pathway under water stress condition. Compared with non-water stress condition, water stress significantly stimulated root growth in both N forms, and the stimulation was higher in nitrate nutrition. As to indica rice,water stress had no negative effects on shoot biomass and tillers in the plants supplied with ammonium nutrition, while significantly decreased them in nitrate nutrition. As to japonica rice, water stress significantly decreased shoot biomass and tillers in both N forms.

Effects of Sinochem Biological Organic Fertilizer on Peanut

WANG Jun, CHEN Zu-yi, LIU Bing, LI Lin, ZHAO Fu-wei, KANG Wei

2018, 57(21): 57-59. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.013

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A trial was conducted by using Sinochem biological organic fertilizer in Dawu county to study the effect of it on peanut（Arachis hypogaea） and ascertain the possibility of high quality and high yield. The results indicated that such organic fertilizer could enhance the weight of 100 shucks and kernels,thus increase yield and shelling rate,increased by 5.03%,7.69%,1.49% and 7.87%,respectively;increase the quality and ameliorate flavor,compared to the traditional fertilizer application. As well as,it showed excellent effect on maintaining or improving soil environmental physical and chemical properties.

Analysis of LUCC and LST Characteristics and Distribution in Harbin City Under the Spatial-temporal Pattern

YANG Jing, ZHANG Dong-you

2018, 57(21): 60-64. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.014

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Based on the landsat8 remote sensing image,the important remote sensing indices NDBI,NDVI and MNDWI in urban development were extracted and the LST was retrieved. The correlation between the three remote sensing indices and LST was analyzed,the LUCC in 2001 and 2016 were compared. The distribution of remote sensing index between different LUCCs were analysed. The results showed that the denser the construction land represented by NDBI, the LST data was higher,the denser the forest land cover represented by NDVI,and the LST data was lower,it could provide a basis for studying the urban heat island effect.

Resistance Evaluation to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides of 48 Wild Rubber Tree Clones from Brazil

CAI Hai-bin, TU Min, HU Yan-shi, FANG Jia-lin, CHENG Han, AN Ze-wei, LI Wei-guo

2018, 57(21): 65-68. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.015

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A total of 48 rubber tree（Hevea brasiliensis） clones from three states in Brazil were chosen,which field inoculation and natural conditions evaluation inoculated by purified anthracnose（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides） to evaluate the clone’s resistance level. The result showed that the resistance-susceptibility difference of rubber tree clones was distinct：resistance（3 clones）, mid-susceptibility（14 clones）, susceptibility（25 clones）, and high susceptibility（6 clones）. The results of natural evaluation were significantly related to field inoculation. All the three resistant germplasm came from Rondonia state of Brazil.

Identification of Fruit Rot Pathogen on Mulberry in Hubei Province

ZHOU Jian-hua, ZHU Zhi-xian, LI Yong, MO Rong-li, YU Cui, HU Xing-ming, DENG Wen

2018, 57(21): 69-72. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.016

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In order to understand pathogens associate with mulberry rot disease,fruit with rot symptoms were collected from Hubei province in 2017,and the conventional tissue separation method was used to obtain the isolates. Healthy fruits inoculated with purified strain by mycelium plugs puncture and conidia injection both can cause diseased symptoms. Morphological identification showed that the morphological features of the strain were similar to Botrytis cinerea. The Blast search of rDNA ITS sequence of the strain showed 99% sequence identity with Botrytis cinerea and Botrytis fabae in GenBank. The specific primers were used for distinguish Botrytis cinerea and Botrytis fabae,and the construction of molecular phylogenetic tree further confirm the strain was Botrytis cinerea. The results of pathogenicity test,morphological and molecular identification indicated that the pathogen of mulberry rot in Hubei province was Botrytis cinerea.

Ecological Control Technology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests and Weeds in Tea Garden

HONG Hai-lin, DING Kun-ming, LI Gang, WU Yan-ming, ZHANG Jing-feng, RAO Yang-ping, QU He-ping

2018, 57(21): 73-76. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.017

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The characteristics of ecological control of diseases and insect pests and weeds in tea gardens were analyzed,and the principles of ecological control of diseases and insect pests and weeds in tea gardens were summarized. The ecological control system of diseases and insect pests and weeds in tea garden were put forward. Taking the healthy cultivation as the guide, every the agricultural control measures were improved. Using biodiversity to control insect pests and diseases and weeds,implement ecological prevention,strictly implement plant quarantine,implement physics and mechanical control. Protect and utilize natural enemy resources, popularize biological control technology.

Study on the Change of Pigment Content and Leaf Dynamic Change Leaves of Distylium buxifolium in Spring

SONG Zheng-ru, WANG Zheng-rong, YANG Xian-yu, TANG Li

2018, 57(21): 77-79. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.018

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Taking Distylium buxifolium named "Li mei" as the research object, selecting the randomly selected 200 strains of the same plant, the trend of plastid pigment content change and dynamic change were studied in the spring by measuring the leaf length, leaf width, stem length, and leaf area index. The results showed that there was a growth trend in the leaf plastid pigment content, leaf area, RGB value, leaf length, leaf width and branch length, et al. The extent increased obviously about varieties "li mei" chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b growth than the carotenoid content, the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content growth speed were slow in Apri1 1, but the growth rate were sharply higher from April 7;The growth rate of leaf area varieties of li mei's were the fastest on March 28 to April 1 day, the peak was the largest in April 7. Form April 7, as the blade gradually matured, leaves began to lost water and atrophy, the growth of leaf area was no longer obvious; The variation trend of the variegated leaf color was decreased in red and blue, and the green component increased. It showed that the leaf color of D. buxifolium named "Li mei" was changed from purple to green in spring. Branchlets grew slowly from March 15 to April 12, and grew faster after April 12. The pigment content of leaf plasmid and the dynamic value of the leaves of D. buxifolium named "li mei" rose the fastest between March 28 and April 7.

Edible Value Investigation of Medicinal Plants in Western Hubei Province

MA Yue-ling, ZHANG Jiao, YANG Xin-ping, DING Zi-an, ZHU Fan, ZHANG Shao-peng, XU Ran

2018, 57(21): 80-82. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.019

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The medicinal plants with edible value in the western part of Hubei province were sorted out to provide the basic information for the comprehensive application in this area. By document checking,field interview,field investigation,specimen collection and identification,the plants were sorted according to their value of edible economic and developed application,and cataloged according to Latin names. The populations of medicinal plants with eating habits contained a total of 37 species,and the contents of the basic sources of plants,edible parts,edible methods,effects and related attention and standard record were noted. There are gigantic resources of medicinal plants in the west of Hubei province,with some of them having age-old edible habits in the folk.

Effects of Potassium on Aroma Compounds in Tobacco

SUN Xin, ZHAO Fang-gui, LI Shu-quan, LIU Xin

2018, 57(21): 83-86. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.020

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Pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of potassium levels on the contents of aroma components in tobacco leaves. The aroma components in tobacco under different potassium levels were analyzed by headspace solid phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and the contents of petroleum ether extraction were also determined. Compared with the potassium level of 5.0 g per plant,the content of petroleum ether extract was higher than that at the level of 2.5 g per plant. 49 components with matching degree of more than 90% were detected,mainly composed of alkanes,alkenes,aldehydes,phenol,acids,ester,ketones,furans. There was an increase in the relative content of aldehydes in the aroma components induced by higher potassium levels,while the accumulation of ketones decreased at 10.0 g per plant.

Effects of CdCl₂ Treatment on the Growth and Protein Expression Level of Nicotiana benthamiana Seedlings

LU Yu-jian, SHI Dong-li, WU Tao

2018, 57(21): 87-90. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.021

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In order to investigate the effects of CdCl₂ treatment on the growth and protein expression of Nicotiana benthamiana,the seedlings were treated with CdCl₂. The growth status of the seedlings was observed and the length of the root and stem was recorded. The protein of Nicotiana benthamiana were extracted by SDS extraction,and isolated by SDS-PAGE. A large number of experimental data showed that low concentration of CdCl₂ could promote the growth of the seedlings,while the high concentration of CdCl₂ inhibited the growth of the seedlings. When the concentration of CdCl₂ reached 0.5 mmol/L,the growth of seedlings began to be inhibited. If the concentration of CdCl₂ was greater than 1.5 mmol/L,the seedlings turned yellow and withered. SDS-PAGE showed that low concentration of CdCl₂ could increase the total protein content of the plant,but with the increase of CdCl₂ concentration,the total protein content of Nicotiana benthamiana significantly decreased.

Processing Technology of Tea or Food Applied Production Made of Patrinia villosa

XU Sheng-wu, YU An-an, ZHENG Li, XIA Wen-juan, YANG Shuo, SHI Shi-sheng

2018, 57(21): 91-92. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.022

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This processing technology uses Patrinia villosa as raw material and processes into tea-shaped products through choosing material,green-killing treatment,removing water,inducing draft,shaping in short,rolling and drying. The final production can be used for tea and food after all those above processes.

Study on Microwave Extracting and Antitumor Activity of Total Saponins from H.emerocallisfulva

LIU Li-xin, ZHANG Xue-song, ZHANG Yu-nan, YE Zhi-hui, SUN Jing, YU Hai-tao, LI Jing, WANG Jing, LUO Wen-ze, ZHANG Qiang

2018, 57(21): 93-96. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.023

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Using microwave power, extracted time and solid-liquid ratio as main factors, the L₉（3³） orthogonal design was used for optimizing the extraction conditions of total saponins from H.emerocallisfulva. The optimum conditions were as：microwave power at 420 W,45 s of extracted time and solid-liquid ratio at 1∶50（g∶mL）. Antitumor activity of total saponins from H.emerocallisfulva was studied by the SRB assay,the result shows that total saponins from H.emerocallisfulva demonstrated good antitumor activity on human hepatoma HepG2 cells,and better than the ginsenosides Rb1.

Influence of Three Kinds of Hydrophilic Colloid on the Quality of Frozen Fough

XUE Shu-jing, YANG De, GAO Zi-yu, LI Lu, YE Jia-qi

2018, 57(21): 97-100. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.024

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The hardness and adhesion of the dough as evaluation index,this topic is mainly to research three kinds of hydrophilic colloid such as pumpkin polysaccharide,black fungus polysaccharide and konjac powder adding to dough and frozening.The results showed that the best combination of konjac powder is 0.5% black fungus polysaccharide,pumpkin polysaccharide 1.0%,konjac powder is 1.0%. After making the dough into noodles and adding hydrophilic colloid cold noodles,we found that adding hydrophilic colloid,the viscosity fell by 10.56%,up by 8.47% shear force,tensile force rose 14.25%,and noodle cooking bibulous rate is increased by 9.93 percentage points,cooking loss rate was reduced by 1.51 percentage points. Sensory evaluation showed that forzen noodles with hydrophilic colloid had different improvements in color,apparent state,palatability,toughness,viscosity,smoothness and taste.

Preparation of Cerasus humilis Kernel Peptide and Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity in vivo

ZHANG Ling, HAO Li-ping

2018, 57(21): 101-104. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.025

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Kernel of Cerasus humilis protein were hydrolyzed by three kinds of enzymes including alkaline protease, trypsin and neutral proteinase. Kernel of Cerasus humilis peptide of different concentrations were gaved in the mice. Determined the antioxidant of the normal mice and model mice by analyzing the body weight,the SOD activity,the GSH-PX activity and the MDA concentration in serum,liver and kidney of mice. Results suggest that the kernel of Cerasus Humilis peptides had a relatively high level of DPPH radical scavenging activity with the IC₅₀ value was 1.06 mg/mL. The high dose peptide could significantly increase the SOD and GSH-PX activity in serum,liver and kidney and could significantly reduce the concentration of MDA in serum,liver （P<0.05）,but the effect on MDA in kidney was not significantly.

Effects of Preservation Qualities of Chickens Treated by Vacuum Cooling and Modified Atmosphere Packaging

LIU Yong-ji, FENG Xiao-yan, ZHONG Rui-min

2018, 57(21): 105-108. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.026

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The effect of vacuum precooling and modified atmosphere packaging technology on the preservation of chickens were studied. Three groups of chicken samples were common plastic covered packaging without vacuum precooling, common plastic covered packaging with vacuum precooling and modified atmosphere packaging with vacuum precooling. The preservation qualities of the samples at 2±2 ℃ were evaluated by microbial, sensory, physical and chemical indices,during storage. The results showed that the shelf life of the chicken without vacuum precooling and modified atmosphere packaging, the chicken with vacuum precooling, and the chicken with vacuum precooling and modified atmosphere packaging were 4 days, 8 days and 11 days, respectively. The vacuum precooling combined with modified atmosphere packaging showed an application value in further prolong the shelf life of cold storage chicken.

Determination of Camptothecin Content by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry

LI Jia-min, ZHOU Xiu-ling, WANG Jin-hua, ZHANG Bing-feng

2018, 57(21): 109-111. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.027

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The ultraviolet absorption of camptothecin was increased at 254 nm after the lactonic ring opening,and the toxicity of camptothecin was aslo increased. In view of the current determination of camptothecin content at 254 nm,a new method content was explored for determination of camptothecin.Camptothecin had a large absorption at 367 nm from 200 nm to 400 nm,and dimethyl sulfoxide was undisturbed. Therefore,the content of camptothecin was determined at 367 nm and the methodology was investigated. The regression equation is y=0.042 3x+0.013 2,r=0.999 6. The concentration of camptothecin was in a good linear relationship with its absorbance within the range of 4~20 μg/mL. The average recovery of sample was 101.76% and RSD was 0.75%, the results had good reproducibility and more reliable.

The Optimization of Acetylcholinesterase-Spectrophotometry for Determination of Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticide Residues in Vegetables

HU Ming-yan, CHE Ming-xiu, ZHANG Yan, WANG Jun

2018, 57(21): 112-114. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.028

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Acetylcholinesterase-spectrophotometry is the most widely used method for rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues in vegetables. However,in practical application,the method is seriously limited by numerous peripheral influencing factors and low accuracy. The optimization of Acetylcholinesterase-Spectrophotometry for determination of organophosphate and carbamate pesticide residues in vegetables were studied in this paper.Controlling the ΔA value between 0.2~0.3 and its results were given,which could improve the accuracy of positive test results. Extra thermostatic bath was chosen instead of device came with instrument and the results showed greatly improved reproducibility and parallelism. In order to avoid the influence of acetone on enzyme activity,the added amount of acetone should be controlled less than 1% when preparing standard solution.

Investigation and Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soil of Tea Plantations and Tea at Leshan

LIU Fan, ZHANG Yuan-qin

2018, 57(21): 115-117. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.029

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The content of As,Hg,Cu,Cr,Cd and Pb were determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Based on "GB15618-1995" of "soil environmental quality standard",the single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index were used to evaluate the soil samples in tea plantation. The results showed that the average content of As,Hg,Cu,Cr,Cd,Pb in addition to Cd exceeding the limit of 20%~40%,the other 5 minutes did not exceed the limit of national level 2 soil heavy metal standard, and the single pollution index of As,Hg,Cu,Cr,Pb were less than 1.0,it belongs to the level of security. Based on NY659-2003,NY/T288-2012,the content of As,Hg,Cu,Cr,Cd,Pb of tea samples of raw materialswere obtained in the five sampling point. The contents of 46 samples were much lower than the national standard or issued by the Department of the highest content limit.

Quantitative Determination of the Main Alkaloids from Coptis chinensis in Shizhu

SI Hai-qian, FENG Hai-dong, ZHANG Zhen, KE Lei, ZHANG Ze-zhi, LI Kun, ZHOU Ming, ZHOU Jun, WANG Xue-kui

2018, 57(21): 118-120. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.030

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Through the determination and analysis of the main alkaloids of different parts of Coptis chinensis in different cultivation areas of Shizhu, the basis for reasonable planting and comprehensive development of Coptis chinensis was provided. Quantitative Determination of the main alkaloids from Coptis chinensis by HPLC methods. The main alkaloids of different parts of Coptis chinensis in different areas were differences of Sizhu. These four alkaloids’ content were in the order of epiberberine> coptisine> palmatine> berberine. The result canbe used to provide theoretical basis and application reference value for the comprehensive development and utilization of standardized planting and its by-products of Coptis chinensis.

Interpretation of the Latest Changes in CMA Qualification Standards

ZHOU Shu-hua, WU Rong, TIAN E

2018, 57(21): 121-122. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.031

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The new accreditation criteria will be implemented on January 1,2019. This paper expounds the changes between the new criteria and the old ones from the aspects of organization,personnel,place,equipment and facilities,and management system,which has a good guiding significance for understanding the new criteria.

Rapid Mutation Breeding of Highly Toxic Bacillus thuringiensis Strain Against Asian Corn Borer-by Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma

LIAO Xian-qing, ZHOU Rong-hua, LIU Fang, ZHANG Zhi-gang, RAO Ben, CHEN Wei, WANG Kai-mei

2018, 57(21): 123-126. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.032

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A highly toxic Bacillus thuringiensis strain NBIC-380 against Asian corn borer was treated by atmospheric and room temperature plasma for improving the toxicity of the resulting mutants. Through 4 rounds of ARTP mutation and screening by microscopic checking,shake-flask fermentation and bioassay,one mutant designated as Bt-NBIC-380-18-407 with significant improvement of production of insecticidal crystal protein and potency-was obtained. The potency of the fermentation broth of the mutant against Asian corn borer larvae was increased 25.7% to 6 835 IU/μl,while the concentration of insecticidal crystal protein in fermentation broth was increased 18.9% to 6.3 mg/mL. The mutant showed rather good genetic stability after 5 times of consecutive transferring and cultivation.

Optimizing on Fermentation Conditions of Bacillus subtilis by Response Surface Analysis Methodology

RAO Ben, ZHOU Rong-hua, MIN Yong, LIAO Xian-qing, LIU Fang, CHEN Wei, ZHANG Guang-yang

2018, 57(21): 127-129. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.033

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In order to obtain the optimal medium composition for Bacillus subtilis production,the Plackett-Burman design method was used to evaluate the effects of five variables,and the optimum levels of key factors affecting spore production were conducted by response surface analysis methodology. The results showed that,the optimal values of the two parameters determined by response surface analysis methodology were corn starch 2.48 g/mL and corn-soybean 4.90 g/mL. The predicted spore production was 1.05×10¹⁰ CFU/mL,and the actual experimental result was 1.10×10¹⁰ CFU/mL,they were in agreement and it is 1.37 folds of the production before optimization （8×10⁹ CFU/mL）.

Simple Analysis on the Current Situation of Two-dimensional Code Doorplates

XU Xin

2018, 57(21): 130-133. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.034

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This paper summarizes the development status and management process of the two-dimensional code doorplates,and analyzes the urban pilot cases that have been put into use. The related problems in the process of using the two-dimensional code doorplates was summarized,and corresponding countermeasures were put forward.

Research on the Application of Agricultural Internet of Things Based on SDH/MSTP Technology

LIU Lei, GAO Jia-qiong, HAN Wen-zhi

2018, 57(21): 134-137. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.035

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Aiming to meet the requirements of efficient transmission of modern agricultural resources data,and further expand the application effect of Agricultural Internet of things, a large multi service platform to transfer agricultural Internet of things was built by MSTP technology and SDH technology. The results showed that the application of SDH/MSTP technology in the agricultural Internet of Things network layer realizes the storage and efficient transmission of a large number of agricultural resources information,and reduces the redundancy of a large number of agricultural information data,which ensures the safety,reliability and authenticity of data.

Design of Landslide Monitoring System Based on WSN and MEMS Devices

WANG Jian, SHENG Qing-yuan

2018, 57(21): 138-142. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.036

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In view of the difficulties in monitoring the current landslide, the high cost of equipment, low measurement accuracy and poor real-time performance, the application of WSN technology and MEMS devices in landslide monitoring system is put forward. Using low-cost MPU-9150（integrated three axis gyroscope, triaxial accelerometer and triaxial magnetometer） instead of traditional tilt sensor, it greatly reduces the volume of the sensor and facilitates the installation and construction on the basis of ensuring the accuracy; Meanwhile, ZigBee network is established with CC2530 controller, it integrates the data of each sensor node into the GPRS gateway. And finally the data is sent to the remote monitoring center. Computer system can analyze, process and store real-time sensor information, and it can show the information of air temperature and humidity of each node, rainfall, soil inclination angle, acceleration and other basic information of different depths. At the same time, the alarm threshold can be set for different parameters, the operation is simple and convenient. The application shows that the landslide monitoring system based on WSN and MEMS devices has the characteristics of easy expansion, wide coverage and long life cycle of nodes. It has strong practical value.

Research on Extraction Method of Rice Information Based on Random Forest

WANG Ke-xiao, ZHOU Rui, YU Bao, HUANG Xiang, WANG Qian

2018, 57(21): 143-146. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.037

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Taking Sentinel-2 multispectral image of Zhutuo, Yongchuan district of Chongqing as an example,a random forest classification model was constructed, and rice spatial distribution was extracted using single-time and multi-time feature variable sets as variables,and the response degree and extraction accuracy of rice to different spectral feature sets were analyzed. The results show that the rice distribution in the study area is relatively scattered and complex,which is basically compatible with the typical landform of the region. Rice at tillering stage have more distinguishing characteristics than that at filling stage,and the extraction accuracy can be effectively improved by using multi-temporal data. Traditional MLC and SAM classifiers have limited precision in extracting ground objects,while remote sensing model based on machine intelligence classification has an overall precision of more than 90% and kappa coefficient of more than 0.80,which provides a reference for crop information extraction in southwest mountainous areas.

Analysis on the Characteristics and Development Trend of Industrial Economy R&D Network of China Agriculture Research System

LI Ping, WANG Wei-wei

2018, 57(21): 147-151. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.038

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As an important attempt of the national innovation-driven strategy in the field of agricultural science and technology,the China Agricultural Industry Technology System（CARS） has played an important role in promoting technological progress and promoting agricultural transformation and upgrading. This study systematically expounds the progress of the industrial economic theory research of "modern agricultural industrial technology system" in China through the comprehensive search of CNKI,the National Natural Science Foundation and the National Social Science Fund database query system. With the help of keyword co-occurrence,journals and authors and institutional distribution analysis,the characteristics and development trends of R& D cooperation networks in this field are clarified.

Empirical Study on Cultivated Land Occupation Tax Based on Spatial Correlation

WAN Jia-li, LIU Yan-fang

2018, 57(21): 152-155. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.039

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The occupation tax of cultivated land is a special tax set for the protection of cultivated land.At the beginning of the establishment,it has played a positive role in alleviating the drastic reduction of cultivated land. However,with the accelerated process of urbanization in China,the increasing demand for construction land, the increasingly obvious conflict between people and land,and the difference of regional development have led to the decline of cultivated land protection function of cultivated land occupation tax. Therefore,exploring the significance of the land occupation tax and the arrangement of the system could not only improve the land financial mechanism to provide decision-making suggestions,but also provide help for the protection of cultivated land. This study introduces the spatial econometric model and selects four indicators of GDP,cultivated land conversion,per capita cultivated land area and cultivated land occupation tax income from the perspective of spatial correlation,and analyzes the cultivated land occupation tax in Hubei Province in order to provide practical support to the revision of the Provisional Regulations on Tax and improve the system of farmland occupation tax.

On the Coordination Between Social Economy and Resource Environment of Central Plains Economic Zone Based on Projection Pursuit Model

CAI Wen-chun, ZHANG Jing-jing

2018, 57(21): 156-160. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.040

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The coordination degree between social economy and resource environment system in CPER was evaluated based on the projection pursuit model. Results showed that, in the last twenty years from 1995 to 2013,the coordination between two subsystems was improved,and the coordination degree in 2018 was over 0.5.From the aspect of spatial differentiation,the coordination presented a characteristic of higher in northwest than in southeast in CPER. The low level of one subsystem in some cities restricted the improvement of the overall coordination. The analysis indicated that the Central Plains Economic Zone should take a path of sustainable development,abandon the development mode through plundering recourses,and develop the complex ecological cities within the carrying capacity of resource environment.

Strategy Analysis and Functional Positioning of Pastoral Cultural Tourism Development in Huazhong Industrial New Town of Qianjiang City

XIAO Yong-jun, TANG Jia-yao

2018, 57(21): 161-164. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.041

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Realizing the integration and development of agriculture and tourism is a new trend in the transformation of pastoral functions in the city. Based on the comprehensive analysis of AHP and SWOT,the pastoral cultural development in Huazhong Industrial New Town in Qianjiang city can adopt the aggressive tourism development strategy of key breakthroughs,supply supplement,industrial integration and regional linkage. Through the analysis of the development strategy,the tourism function of the planning area can be positioned as a convergence function,a tourism experience function,a rural tourism mutual assistance function,and a smart service function.

Research on the Long-term Mechanism of Science-and-technology-based Poverty Alleviation in Hubei Minority Areas

LI Ling

2018, 57(21): 165-168. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.042

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The science-and-technology-based poverty alleviation is to make use of the unique leading scientific and technological talents and technical means to make the poor households in the remote and backward areas through entrepreneurship, to improve their income, to get rid of poverty and to become rich. This article first analyzes the background of poverty alleviation in Hubei. Then analyze the poverty problem and its causes in Hubei minority areas. Combining with the characteristics of the ethnic minority areas in Hubei（such as Enshi）, this paper puts forward the poverty alleviation model and its adaptability. Finally, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for establishing a long-term mechanism on the science-and-technology-based poverty alleviation, with a view to providing the reference for poverty alleviation and poverty-alleviation-paths in other impoverished regions.

Analysis on the Marginalization of Arable Land

GAO Ya-kun, HUANG Xiang

2018, 57(21): 169-171. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.043

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Based on the understanding of the concept of marginalization of arable land, the marginalization of arable land is divided into two basic types positive marginalization and reverse marginalization, which are based on the different land formation mechanism. The type of agricultural land protection recommendations.

Research on the Practice and Optimization of Rural Homestead Exiting

FAN Lan-dan, YAN Zhi-qiang, PENG Ding-xin, LIANG Hang-jia

2018, 57(21): 172-176. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.21.044

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At the present stage, the current situation of the irrational use of rural homestead has aroused widespread concern in the society and the academic circles. The study of homestead related research in the academic circles is contending, and the practice in various places is hot. After repeated demonstration and practice, it is found that the exit of the homestead is the "optimal solution" under the current system framework. Under the current rural homestead system, the transfer of homestead is limited, property attribute is suppressed, the homestead is unpaid, the waste is serious, the house site exit mechanism is difficult to establish and so on, which requires voluntary and compensable withdrawal from the homestead. Learn from Tianjin's "homestead exchange" mode, Chongqing "land ticket" mode and the practice of Zhejiang Yiwu sub regional protection of farmers' housing mode, put forward the problems existing in the process of homestead exiting and perfect the regulation and control path of the homestead exit mechanism, it will provide theoretical support and decision-making reference for the relevant departments to strengthen the management of homestead and the innovation of homestead system.

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