HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Research Progress of Biochar on Soil Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollution

WANG Jing, MU Zhen-zhen, REHMAT Islam, MENG Xian-gang

2018, 57(14): 5-5. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.001

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Biochar is a product obtained by pyrolysis of biomass under certain temperature and oxygen-limited（or oxygen-blocking） conditions. The method of biochar treatment of heavy metal pollution in soil is proposed by introducing the concept, preparation method and physicochemical properties of biochar. The use of biochar or the combination of biochar with other materials can be used as a way to control heavy metal pollution. The use of biochar adsorption to repair contaminated soil can reduce the bioavailability of heavy metal ions and reduce the heavy metal content in plants. However, current research and repair methods still have shortcomings, and it is expected to find environmentally friendly, scientific and reasonable materials and techniques to repair heavy metal pollution in the soil.

Advances in Researches of Main Diseases and Prevention and Control Technologies of Ricefield Eel

WEN Zhou-rui

2018, 57(14): 10-14. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.002

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Ricefield eel（Monopterus albus Zuiew） is one of the important freshwater farmed fish in China, of which the national total output reached to 386 100 t in 2016. With the continuous expansion of the scale of ricefield eel, the disease has become increasingly serious. The diseases discovered so far have mainly been bacterial, parasitic and fungal diseases, and no viral diseases have been reported. The bacterial diseases of ricefield eel are mainly hemorrhagic sepsis, rotten tail disease, enteritis, ulcer disease, etc. There are more than 20 species of parasitic diseases. This review focuses on the regulation of parasitic infections, and mainly introduces the prevention and treatment techniques of diseases such as bacterial diseases and parasitic diseases.

Comparison Test of Sweet Corn Varieties in Huanggang City

ZHAO Jun-li, CHANG Hai-bin, LI Ning, HUANG Wei

2018, 57(14): 15-18. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.003

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The appearance, resistance, yield and quality of 14 new sweet corn varieties in Huanggang were identified. 5 new sweet corn varieties of NKT1601, Hantian 309, NKT1701, HZ388 and Bobo were screened out with good performance. It is suggested that further tests should be conducted to screen out new sweet corn varieties suitable for Huanggang area as soon as possible.

Effect of Chemical Regulators with Different Concentrations on Summer Maize Growth

LI Yan-chang, HOU Xian-jun, YAN Li-hui, WANG Fen-xia, LI Jian-jun

2018, 57(14): 19-22. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.004

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In order to define the effect of chemical regulator on summer maize production, and to provide theoretical and technical basis for increasing lodging resistance and getting high yield of summer maize, field trial and field demonstration were conducted at the same time to study the effect of four chemical regulators（summer Aifeng, Yu Huangjin, Ethephon and Jindele） with different concentrations on growth, lodging resistance and yield of summer maize. The results showed that the higher the concentration of the chemical, the better the lodging resistance, the greater the effect on the plant growth of summer maize. 1.5 times of the recommended concentration that was indicated on the label of the chemical regulators could balance the relationship between the improvement of lodging resistance and the inhibition of the growth of maize, and achieve the highest yield.

Demonstration and Key Techniques Research on Planting Model of Cayenne Pepper-Corn-Rape in High Mountain Areas

ZHENG Shou-gui, DENG Hong-jun, ZHU De-ping, GAN Fa-lin, GAN Liang-xu

2018, 57(14): 23-26. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.005

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Planting model demonstration of cayenne pepper-corn-rape proves that this model is good for farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich in western mountain areas of Hubei in 2017. In the model, corn output value is 576 yun/667 m². Pepper yield is 1 493 kg/667 m² with a value of 2 664 yun/667 m². The total value of two crops is 3240 yun/667 m². Farmers'net income is 2 410 yun/667 m². The biomass of rape sowed in autumn as green manure is 1 269 kg/667 m². The key techniques include good variety selection, field leveling and fertilization, seedling raising and transplanting, field management, harvest, rapeseed sowing and plant returning to the field by ploughing.

The Content of Soil Aggregates in Different Restoration Years of Salted Abandoned Land and the Impact of Stability

SANG Wen, WANG Wei-chao, YANG Lei, ZHANG Feng-hua

2018, 57(14): 27-31. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.006

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Through the field trials of salinized abandoned farmland in the Manas River basin in Xinjiang, the effects of different restoration years of abandoned farmland on the composition and stability of soil aggregate were studied, and the changes of soil aggregate properties under different restoration years of abandoned farmland were evaluated. The results showed that the number of large aggregates（especially>5 mm and 5~2 mm agglomerates） was increased after reclamation of salted abandoned land, and with the increase of planting period after reclamation, the proportion of large aggregates（diameter>0.25 mm） showed decreased first（after 1 year） and then increased trend, and the proportion of micro-aggregates （<0.25 mm） increased first（after 1 year） and then decreased. The agglomerates R_0.25, MWD and GMD decreased in the first year of restoration, and recovered for 5 years, recovered for 10 years and recovered 15 years higher than abandoned farmland, and showed an increased trend with the increase of recovery period. The fractal dimension of soil aggregates showed the opposite trend with the increase of recovery period. The structure and stability of aggregates in salted soils were significantly higher than those in abandoned soils after 5 years of restoration, and showed an increased trend with the increase of recovery period.

Land Ecological Sensitivity Analysis of Lingbao City Based on the Coefficient of Variation Method

WU Kun, PENG Hong-xia, LI Jiang-feng, CHEN Wan-xu

2018, 57(14): 32-37. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.007

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Five factors of Lingbao city in Henan province were selected, including the landform, the degree of susceptibility to geological disasters, land cover type, soil type and topographic gradient, and the evaluation index system of land ecological sensitivity was constructed. Objective weighting method-coefficient of variation method was used to determine the weight of each factor. Combined with ArcGIS, Weighted grading method was used to get the distribution of land sensitivity in Lingbao city. The results showed that the ecological environment of Lingbao was generally fragile, with mainly very sensitive and highly sensitive, accounting for 52.90% of the total area of the city; While insensitive and low sensitive area accounting for 23.89% of the total area of the whole city.

Effects of Different Farmyard Manure on Characters and Yield of Sophora japonica in Karst Mountainous Area

SHI Yan-cai, JIANG Shi-song, ZOU Rong, TANG Jian-min, JIANG Yun-sheng, XIONG Zhong-chen

2018, 57(14): 38-41. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.008

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In order to provide scientific basis for rational fertilization in Sophora japonica industrialization, the effects of common farmyard manure on the characters and yield of S. japonica in karst mountainous area was studied. The results showed that compared with the controled group, single and mixed application of farmyard manure could reduced the number of large branches and spikelets, increased the number of middle branches, twigs, large inflorescence and middle inflorescence. In single fertilization treatment, the order of rate of flower buds transformed into leaf buds was cow manure>chicken manure>pig manure. In the mixed application treatment, the rate of pig manure and cow dung, chicken manure and cow dung was the highest. The rate of single application and mixed application was obviously increased. The flowering uniformity of chicken manure and cow manure was low, and the other six treatments were relatively high. In single fertilization treatment, the order of average fresh weight and dry weight of S. japonica inflorescence was pig manure>chicken manure>cow manure. In mixed application, the average fresh weight and dry weight of mixed application of pig manure and chicken manure was the highest, and the mixed application of pig manure and cow dung was the lowest. In single treatment, the order of dry weight/fresh weight ratio was cow manure>chicken manure>pig manure. The dry/fresh weight ratio of pig manure and cow manure, pig manure and chicken manure were the highest in mixed application. Mixed application of pig manure and chicken manure could be popularized as an effective technical measure for increasing the yield of S. japonica in karst mountainous area.

Degradation of Benzidine of Water by Peroxidase from the Leaves of Erythrina variegata Linn.

WANG Yu-xue, LIU Meng-ling, WANG Xin, XIAO Qiang

2018, 57(14): 42-45. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.009

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In order to develop economic value of the leaves, investigated the application prospect of the peroxidase in the Erythrina variegata's leaves in the removal of EDCs in water. The effect and best reaction conditions for the degradation of benzidine by E. variegata peroxidase-H₂O₂ were studied. The results showed that the E. variegata peroxidase-H₂O₂ had degradation effects on benzidine. Respectively, suitable reaction conditionsTemperature of 25~45 ℃, pH 7~8, H₂O₂/BZ=3.0~5.0（benzidine and hydrogen peroxide molar ratio）, when the concentration of peroxidase was 10 U/mL, the best scavenging rate to benzidine （200 μmol/L） was 100%.

Biocontrol Technical for Insect Pests and Diseases of Rice in Hubei Province

CAO Chun-xia, HUANG Da-ye, HU Hong-tao, ZHU Zhi-gang, LONG Tong, YAO Jing-wu, ZHANG Guang-yang

2018, 57(14): 46-48. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.010

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The occurrence conditions and biological control of main pests and diseases of rice were researched and integrated, which could improve the effect of biological control, reduce control cost, and promote the popularized application of biological pesticide.

Insecticidal Activity of Six Plant Essential Oils on Tribolium castaneum Herbst

LI Yu-chun, ZHOU Fu-ting, XIAO Feng-kun, WEI Yong, LI Biao, ZHOU Yan-mei, JIANG Shui-ping

2018, 57(14): 49-52. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.011

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Six kinds of plant essential oils including Malania oleifera Chun oil, Eupatorium adenophorum oil, Artemisia annua oil, Ricinus communis seed oil, Croton tiglium oil and Eucalyptus robusta oil were used to treat Tribolium castaneum Herbst, which were determined fumigation and contact activity by triangular bottle closed fumigation method and microdrop method. The results showed that the M. oleifera Chun oil and E. robusta oil had strong insecticidal activity against T. castaneum adults, the corrected mortality rate of fumigation and contact more than 94% for 24 hours. The corrected mortality rate of contact was 94.19% and corrected mortality rate of fumigation was 83.33% under 100 μL/L, when used A. annua oil treatment for 48 hours. Although C. tiglium oil, E. adenophorum oil and R. communis seed oil had a certain insecticidal and fumigation activity. But the insecticidal activity was significantly stronger than the role of fumigation.

Determination of Production and Biological Activity of Toxin of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

YU Shu-yi, LIU Zhi-heng, SHAO Dan, LIU Chang-yuan

2018, 57(14): 53-55. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.012

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The time series analysis and biological activity of toxin of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were carried out by artificial culture and inoculation test. The results showed that the main toxin product produced by S. sclerotiorum was oxalic acid, and the concentration of oxalic acid increased gradually with the mycelium growth. When the growth rate of pathogen was the fastest, the content of oxalate reached the maximum value, and the pH correspondingly decreased to a minimum. Oxalate could regulate the pH of the culture matrix. The combined action of oxalic acid and mycelium could effectively infect host tissues, and oxalate toxin had a strong inhibitory effect on seed germination vigor, seedling growth and plant development of pepper.

Study on the Diversity of Butterfly in the Kuocang Mountain Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province

LI Ye-le, CHEN Chun-tang, ZHOU Li-ya, CEN Wang-sha, WU Pei-ni, QI Xin

2018, 57(14): 56-59. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.013

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A biodiversity study of butterflies had been conducted in the Kuocang Mountain Nature Reserve of Zhejiang, with sampling plots set there. Excel was uesed to list, calculate and analyze the diversity index, evenness, dominant degree, species richness, community similarity coefficient. Moreover, the composition of butterfly fauna of Kuocang Mountain was analyzed. The results showed that Kuocang Mountain Nature Reserve had 42 species butterflies belonging to 33 genera and 9 families. The diversity index of butterflies in Kuocang Mountain was relatively high and relatively uniform, which indicated that ecosystem in the reserve was relatively stable, complex and relatively healthy.

Isolation, Identification and Microflora Compositions of Konjac Dietary Fiber Solid Drinks

LIU Jian, QIN Lei-lei, LI Su-yuan, ZHOU Tao-hong, JIANG Yi-fei, HUANG Long, LUO Ai-ling

2018, 57(14): 60-63. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.014

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To ascertain dominant microorganisms in konjac dietary fiber solid drinks, and analysis the reason for the bacteria existence, the bacteria in the product as well as in the production environment were isolated and identified. The results showed that 32 strains of bacteria were found in six batches of samples, including 27 strains gram positive bacillus, 2 strains of gram positive long coli bacillus, 2 strains of moulds, 1 strain of gram-negative bacillus, no enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria and staphylococcus. Through the investigation of background bacteria in the production environment, 200 strains of microorganisms were isolated from the atmosphere, including 103 strains bacillus. Among them, 9 bacillus were isolated from the contact surface of drying workshop. Results indicated that bacillus was the dominant microorganisms of konjac dietary fiber solid drinks. There is a certain correlation with the production process and the production environment.

Study on Synthesis and Biological Activities of New Aromatic Acylhydrazone Compounds

XU Jing-yi, PENG Wen-qing, LIU Xu-qiang, WU Juan, HE Jia-jia, LI Shui-qing

2018, 57(14): 64-66. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.015

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Taking p-chlorobenzoic acid, methanol, hydrazine hydrate and chlorinated benzaldehyde as materials, three new aromatic acylhydrazone schiff base compounds, namely o-chlorobenzaldehyde p-chlorobenzoyl hydrazone, p-chlorobenzaldehyde p-chlorobenzoyl hydrazone and 2, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde p-chlorobenzoyl hydrazone were designed and synthesized. The structures of target molecules were confirmed by elemental analysis, H¹ NMR and the infrared spectrum. Taking 5 instar larvae of Pieris rapae as test insects, the insecticidal activities of target compounds were tested in lab. The results showed that three aromatic acylhydrazone schiff base compounds had insecticidal activities against 5 instar larvae of P. rapae. Among three target compounds, 2, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde p-chlorobenzoyl hydrazone showed the strongest contact toxicity and stomach toxicity.

Effect of Drought Stress on Leaf Epidermal Anatomical Structure of Rhododendron

ZHOU Yuan, FANG Lin-chuan, TONG Jun, DONG Yan-fang, XU Dong-yun, MAO Jing, WEI Ming

2018, 57(14): 67-72. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.016

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Using paraffin section and scanning electron microscope, the leaf anatomical structure were investigated in Rhododendron obtusum（Lindl.） Planch. cv. Yanzhimi, R. obtusum cv. Huahudie and R. obtusum cv. Xishi under drought stress in light incubator. The results showed that the stomata only distributed in the lower epidermis and there were epidermal hair and trichome on both upper and lower epidermis. With heavier drought stress, the width of stomata became smaller and then the stomata closed in the later period. The leaf was thinner and the ratio of the palisade tissue to spongy tissue increased after drought stress. The change of ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue was the largest, and the time of stomata closure was relatively later in R. obtusum cv. Yanzhimi with relatively highest drought resistance. There is an important association between leaf anatomical structure and drought resistance in Rhododendron.

Research on the Whooper Swan Shape Technique by Salix integra cv. Hakuro Nishiki

ZHENG Zhi-yong

2018, 57(14): 73-77. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.017

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Looking for design inspiration from nature, taking whooper swan（Cygnus cygnus Linnaeus） as animal prototype, with the method of bionic design, the Salix integra Thunb. cv. Hakuro Nishiki was shaped into whooper swan while maintaining its natural style and biological characteristics by 3 key steps of art design, modelling and maintenance management. Discussion was conducted according to the results.

The Status Quo and Development of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum in Zhejiang Province

WANG Han-hua, LYU Ji-jing

2018, 57(14): 78-80. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.018

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Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg has significant pharmacological effects as well as great development and utilization value, but its wild resources are endangered and artificial industrial cultivation has not yet been fully realized. On the basis of summarizing the medicinal history and product status analysis of T. hemsleyanum medicinal materials, it was systematically analyzed that the key issues of industrialization development of Zhejiang T. hemsleyanum germplasm resources, cultivation links and comprehensive development. Furthermore, the development ideas and countermeasures that should be paid attention to during the process of industrialization of T. hemsleyanum were put forward.

Ecological Network of Nrban Green Space Construction of Desert Edge Town in Alaer

TIAN Qian-qian, LIANG Ji-ye, CHANG Xin

2018, 57(14): 81-85. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.019

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Due to the special geographical environment and climate characteristics, the edge town of the Taklimakan Desert in China have restricted scale of green space. Many urban green infrastructures have been initially established, but they have not formed a functional green land ecological network, which affects the development of urban ecological landscape pattern. Based on the current situation of land use in Alar City on the northern edge of the Taklimakan Desert, this study proposes to integrate the channels within the city into the urban green space ecosystem, emphasize the integration of the green network of the forest network, and draw on the successful experience of Aksu to utilize geographic information technology to build a green ecological network of Alar city.

Research on Plant Landscape Design of Urban Comprehensive Park Based on Garden Elements

LIU Zhe

2018, 57(14): 86-89. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.020

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As an important part of urban comprehensive park, various garden elements are of great significance on to the expression of theme and space of park. At present, the main research direction of plant landscape design in China's urban comprehensive park is how to make plant landscape design work as a whole. However, how to make the landscape design of various garden elements more reasonable from the perspective of detailing is not enough in depth. To this end, based on the overview of the plant landscape design of the domestic urban comprehensive park, the plant landscape design ideas and methods based on topography, water body, architecture and sketches and roads are introduced respectively, in order to provide ideas for carrying out the plant landscape planning of the urban comprehensive park.

Analysis on the Population Structure and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Castanopsis sclerophylla Natural Forest in Yuan'an County

XIAO Zheng-li, YANG Zhong-shu, QIN Song, ZHOU Dan

2018, 57(14): 90-96. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.021

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With the means of quadrat investigation, the spatial distribution patterns of natural populations of Castanopsis sclerophylla（Lindl.） Schott. were determined by using 7 kinds of aggregation index. By preparation of static life tables and survival curves, the age structure and quantitative characteristics of the populations were analyzed. The results showed that, the spatial distribution of natural populations of C. sclerophylla showed aggregated distribution; The survival number of the static life table is rich, and the survival number of the second class decreased, the third class stage is at the stable development period, and the sixth grade had a decreasing trend. The population's biological characteristics and environmental factors, the internal and external competition among populations are the main reasons for this phenomenon. The survival curve is close to Deevey C, which indicates that the seedling mortality rate is very high, then followed by low and stable mortality. The numbers of age classes are sufficient, discontinuous development to the adult. The age-class structure is characterized as a large proportion of I-grade seedlings, which decrease in the process of transformation from grade Ⅱ to Ⅳ and higher-grade, discontinuous, reach to stable levels at the Ⅴ and Ⅵ grade, the trend of the population of grade Ⅶ and above toward mature forest decreases, which are resulted from the screening of the environmental conditions. The quantification of the structure showed the steady growth of the population. The results show that the population of C. sclerophylla can maintain its stability and spread under the natural condition, by strengthening the protection of natural forests of C. sclerophylla, with appropriate anthropogenic interference and structured forest management, maintaining for the aggregated growth of the population and promoting population renewal, the proliferation of quantity and scope can be maintained.

Effect of Different Foliar Fertilizer Treatments on Plug Seedling Growth of Tomato

XU Li-rong, GE Chang-jun, YAN Liang, GAO Zheng-gang

2018, 57(14): 97-98. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.022

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The effects of foliar fertilizer with different contents on the seedling growth of tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） seedlings were studied on the basis of peat and perlite（volume ratio 2∶1） in plug seedling culture. The results showed that the root-shoot ratio and seedling index of treatment 5 were significantly higher than those of the other 8 treatments, while the indexes including seedling plant height, diameter, leaf number, aboveground and underground dry weight are not lower than other treatments. Comprehensively, it was suggested that the treatment 5 including 0.2% urea and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliage spraying 15 d after seedling emergence was the best treatment and could be applied in the production practice.

Isolation and Identification of Five Strains of Mycoplasma synoviae

MA Shuang, YU Guo-ying, FAN Gen-cheng, GUO Li-li, ZHAO Peng, GONG Xiao, SONG Xin-yu

2018, 57(14): 99-101. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.023

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Five strains of Mycoplasma synoviae were isolated from twelve suspected samples with clinical symptoms of Mycoplasma synoviae infection.Morphologic observation, biochemical test and molecular biological analysis were used to identify these strains. The results showed that the five strains were all Mycoplasma synoviae. Live bacteria counting results showed that Strain HN3 had highest number of living bacterium, 10⁹ CCU/mL. Virulence test results showed that morbidities of five strains to 45 days-old SPF chicken were 50%~90%. Strain HN3 had highest morbidity, was 90%.

Comprehensive Analysis of Meteorological Conditions on Growth of Penaeus vannamei in the Yellow River Delta

LIU Fei, LI Jin-zhi

2018, 57(14): 102-104. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.024

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Through the analysis of meteorological conditions during the growth of Penaeus vannamei, especially the effect of temperature on its growth, the optimum seedling stage and the best fishing period of Penaeus vannamei in the yellow river delta region were determined during the cultivation of Penaeus vannamei. At the same time, the effects of typhoon strong wind, continuous rain, high temperature and other disastrous weather on the culture of Penaeus vannamei were analyzed, and the corresponding preventive measures were put forward.

Identification of Origin of Honeysuckle Based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

HUANGFU Yi-jing, YANG Chun-yan, MAO Yi-long, LIU Mei, YANG Yang

2018, 57(14): 105-108. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.025

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Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy （FTIR） was used to identify the origin of honeysuckle. The infrared spectra of 130 samples from 6 growing areas in 4 provinces were collected, and the first-derivate spectra and second-derivate spectra were taken by the software Omnic 8.2, and 3 spectra libraries were constructed. The correlation search, square differential search, absolute differential search and expert search of the spectra, the first-derivate spectra and second-derivate spectra for all samples are performed with corresponding library in different spectrum range, severally. The recognition effect were compared, and found that the model based on absolute differential reach of second-derivate spectra in the specified range of 1 500~1 200 cm^-1 get a better identification effect, with the correct rate of 91.5%. The results showed that FTIR combined with the spectral retrieval method can be an effective and easy way for distinguishing the origin of honeysuckle herb.

Determination of Total Saponins and Antioxidant Activity of Gynostemma pentaphyllum（Thunb） Makino from Eight Different Producing Areas

MA Ze-gang, HUANG Chun-hua, ZHONG Hui-yun, WU Xiu-li, ZHOU Li-shi, LIU Zhuo

2018, 57(14): 109-113. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.026

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To establish optimal extraction technology for the total saponins in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and prepare the difference of content from different producing areas, and the difference of antioxidant activity. Results showed that the optimal extraction technology was as follow：under 60 ℃, Gynostemma pentaphyllum powder was by reflux extraction in 60% ethanol for 4 times with each time for 2 h. The ratio of sample to extraction solution 1∶10. Total saponin content of Gynostemma pentaphyllum from different producing areas was difference. The highest was Jiangxi, and the lowest was Hubei. The results of DPPH scavenging rate showed that the antioxidant activity of Gynostemma pentaphyllum from different producing areas was difference. The highest was Shaanxi, and the lowest was Sichuan. The results showed that the extraction process was simply, stable and feasible. There was a significant difference in the content of total saponin and antioxidant activity in Gynostemma pentaphyllum from the different areas. It provided certain reference significance for development and further study of the resources in Gynostemma pentaphyllum.

Rapid and Nondestructive Detection of Wheat Seed Germination Based on Thermal Imaging Technology

SHAO Qi, WU Long-long, ZHANG Ping, ZENG Shao-qian, XIONG Qin-xue

2018, 57(14): 114-117. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.027

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In order to solve the problems such as long cycle and damage of traditional wheat seed germination rate, a novel method based on infrared thermography for rapid and nondestructive detection of wheat seed germination rate was proposed.The results showed that the average temperature and heating rate of germinated wheat seeds were higher than that in germinated wheat during two days of the germination, and showed the contradictory results after two days of the germination. Based on the variation of temperature curve of different heating activity of wheat seed germination, the detection model of the germination rate of wheat was built, which achieved rapid and nondestructive detection of the germination rate of wheat seeds.

The Trend of Meteorological Disaster Risk Management Promoted by Informatization

ZHENG Zhi-bin

2018, 57(14): 118-121. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.028

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Under the background of global climate change, extreme climate events and disaster risks have further intensified.The tough situation of disaster prevention and mitigation makes the reduction of meteorological disaster risk become the focus of disaster management, and informatization development promotes meteorological disaster risk management. Based on the brief introduction of informatization and meteorological disaster risk management, the new trend of meteorological disaster risk management promoted by informatization is presented, including the construction of meteorological disaster risk management system, the establishment of unified meteorological disaster risk management platform, the attraction of “big society” in meteorological disaster risk management through networking, the construction of a seamless risk management process and so on, so as to reduce the losses caused by meteorological disasters and ensure social-economic sustained and healthy development.

On the Construction and Maintenance Strategy of Tea Regional Public Brand under the Agricultural Supply-side Structural Reform

ZHENG Ming-zhe

2018, 57(14): 122-125. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.029

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Based on the structural reform of agricultural supply side, the factors affecting the tea regional public brand were analyzed by the analysis of systems archetype. It was found that there were 4 limits-to-growth archetypes and 1 growth and undercapitalized archetype, and then relevant recommendations were made for the development and maintenance of tea regional public brand.

Construction Status and Development Countermeasures of the Agricultural Standardization in Xianning City

XIA Wen-juan, XU Sheng-wu, ZHENG Li, YANG Shuo, LI Ming, XI Liu

2018, 57(14): 126-127. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.030

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Through investigating and analyzing the development status of agricultural standardization in Xianning, the existing problems were analyzed, and then some suggestions for promoting the development of agricultural standardization in Xianning were put forward.

The Influence of Distance Factors on the Increase of Rural Residents' Income at the Farmers' Level——Evidence from 763 Samples in the Suburbs of Wuhan City

LIN Ying-chao, HU Wei-yan, LIU Tian, ZUO Cheng-chao

2018, 57(14): 128-132. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.031

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The purpose of this paper is to test distance effects of rural residents' income in suburbs of Wuhan city at the farmers' level. Spatial Econometric Model and OLS regression model is employed. The results are as follows：①There is some spatial auto-correlation in the rural residents' income in the study area. Spatial econometric model is better than OLS regression model, but spatial spillover effect is relatively small. ②The influence of different distance factor types on the rural residents' income is different. Among them, The distance between the location of the rural residents and the distance from district government has a positive effect on the rural residents' income, and the distance effect from the center of the nearest township is significantly negative. The distance effect from the center of the first rank of cities is positive, but it is not statistically significant. We suggest that rural residents' income would be increased, at the macro level, by strengthening the spillover effect of the development of the first rank of cities, and differentiating the implementation of local urbanization. At the micro level, by creating rural public space to strengthen cooperation between the villagers' communication and improving the level of education and training.

Thoughts on China's Rural Carbon Finance Development from the Perspective of Low-carbon Economy

YAN Tian-xi

2018, 57(14): 133-135. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.032

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Nowadays, how to promote the development of a low-carbon economy in the new era and explore the development model of rural carbon finance is not only an important part of the strategic development of rural revitalization, but also one of the important contents of the party's Nineteenth Congress gave ecological and environmental protection concepts. In view of this, this article focuses on how to promote the development of China's rural carbon finance from the perspective of low-carbon economy, and explore the development model of carbon finance. Finally, the relevant suggestions and reflections based on the current development of rural carbon finance were proposed.

The Differential Land Policy and Regional Coordinated Development：Complementarity or Conflict

LU Si-xuan

2018, 57(14): 136-139. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.033

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Differential land policy is put forward based on the heterogeneity of land resources in China, although it has played a good role in promoting regional land use and economic development, but from the current implementation situation, it still has lots of problems such as the lack of policy implementation flexibility, inadequate of control degree, the "short board" existence of compensation mechanism, without maintainability in legal rights of benefit injured areas, and imperfect of policy system. Therefore, it was suggested to adopt the flexible differential land supply policy, perfect the related compensation standards, speed up the building of differential land policy system, and strengthen the coordination between differentiated land polity and other policies, in order to promote the coordinated development among regions.

Changes of Interpersonal Relationship in Northwest Rural Areas during the Transition Period

NIU Li-xia

2018, 57(14): 140-144. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.14.034

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In the traditional rural society of China, due to the local habits and ethics thought influence, the interaction between the villagers more embodies the blood and geopolitical relations. However, since the reform and opening up, the interest consciousness has been highlighted in the rural society under the impact of the transformation of the economic system and the tide of modernization. As a result, some utilitarian factors have gradually infiltrated into the current rural daily contacts, which leads to the unprecedented complexity and changeability of rural interpersonal relationship. On the basis of studying the changes of interpersonal relationship in the rural areas of Northwest China, this paper briefly analyzes the causes and logic of the formation of this change situation, so as to provide a theoretical and factual basis for people to correctly understand the interpersonal structure of rural areas in the northwest transition.

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