Table of Content

10 December 2018, Volume 57 Issue 23

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Reviews

Research Progress on Rural Public Service Supply in China

XIE Zheng-Feng, MENG Zhao-li

2018, 57(23):  5-10.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.001

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Through literature review,the research on the supply of rural public services in China is divided into three stages,namely,the budding stage,the growth stage and the deepening stage. The research contents mainly includes the research on the institutional system of rural public service supply,the problems of rural public service supply,the causes and countermeasures,the research on the supply mode of rural public service and the supply mechanism. Finally,the characteristics of rural public service research are summarized,and the future research is prospected.

Research Progress on Chromosome Karyotype of Vegetables

QIU Zheng-ming, ZHOU Jie, FU Jia-ping

2018, 57(23):  11-14.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.002

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The study on chromosome karyotype of vegetable plants has great guiding significance for greenstuff genetics and breeding. The present research status of domestic vegetables chromosome karyotype was summarized,and then karyotype analysis technique were discussed,in order to provide reference for the further research in vegetables chromosome karyotype.

Research Progress on Salt-tolerance Mechanism of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.

FENG Yu-kai, LI Fei-fei, WANG Hua-sen

2018, 57(23):  15-18.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.003

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Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. is a halophyte with high resistance to salt stress. The salt tolerance mechanism of M. crystallinum was summarized from the osmotic adjustment,aquaporin regulation and reactive oxygen scavenging,to provide the theoretically basis for M. crystallinum planting and extension,improvement of saline land.

Research Progress on the Pentatricopeptide-repeat Protein

HUANG Jun-ran, HUANG Wen-chao

2018, 57(23):  19-23.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.004

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Pentatricopeptide-repeat,PPR protein is a huge protein family in plants. They can affect the metabolism of RNA in organelles,such as RNA splicing,editing,degradation and translation. PPR protein is composed of continuous PPR motifs. The protein shows a right hand spiral structure and has the ability to bind to the single strand of RNA. With the development of research,artificial design of PPR protein has matured. The rules of interaction between PPR protein and RNA are clearer. It is expected to be developed into a new biological technology for the regulation of RNA in organelles.

Breeding & Cultivation

Breeding and Application of a New Two-line Medium Indica Hybrid Rice Combination E Liangyou 78

JIN Wei-bing, XIA Ming-yuan, QI Hua-xiong, WU Bo, WAN Bing-liang, ZHOU Chang-chun, ZENG Tao, LI Jin-bo

2018, 57(23):  24-26.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.005

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E Liangyou 78（E Nong 1S/R78） is a new two-line hybrid medium indica variety combined by PGMS line E-nong 1S and R78. The variety showed high yield,fine grain quality,comparatively good multiple resistance and suitable maturity in the late-maturing group for middle-season indica rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River of the regional trial. It was registered and released to commercial production by the National Crop Variety Appraisal Committee of China in 2018（Guoshendao 20180101）. The breeding process,characteristics,key technical points of cultivation and seed production of E liangyou 78 were introduced.

Study on the Growth Period of Yangtao 6 Improved by Ghd7 Genotype of E′zao 18

DU Xue-shu, XIA Ming-yuan, LI Jin-bo, QI Hua-xiong

2018, 57(23):  27-31.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.006

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Using early rice（Oryza sativa L.） widely used in production E′zao 18 as a donor of Ghd7 and taking the excellent mid-season recovery rice the department Yangdao 6 as the recurrent parent,a series of groups were constructed by backcross and self-crossing. Molecular marker detection using SSR marker RM5436 closely linked to Ghd7 in separation generation,combined with agronomic characters in the field,a number of strains with different backcross generations were obtained. Finally,some lines with similar agronomic characters to Yangdao 6 were selected. A series of agronomic characters such as heading date,plant height,effective ear number,panicle length,grain number per panicle,seed setting rate,1 000-grain weight,yield per plant（i.e. grain weight per plant） were investigated. The effect of Ghd7 on the improvement of rice growth stage and its effect on other agronomic characters were evaluated.

Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of High Yield and Multiple Disease-Resistance Wheat Cultivar E′mai 398

XU Fu-chao, LI Mei-fang, DONG Jing, QIN Dan-dan, XU Qing, YANG Yu-bo

2018, 57(23):  32-34.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.007

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E′mai 398,a new wheat cultivar with high yield and multiple disease-resistance,was bred by multiple pyramid cross with years of pedigree selection. It gains breakthrough and has a prospect for application and extension. The breeding process,characteristics,and the cultivation techniques in Hubei province were introduced.

Breeding and Application of Photo-Thermo Sensitive Genic Male Sterile （PTGMS） Lines EK2S

FEI Zhen-jiang, DONG Hua-ling, ZHOU Peng, YOU Ai-qing, ZHENG Xing-fei, XU De-ze

2018, 57(23):  35-37.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.008

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Rice（Oryza sativa L.） EK2S is a new photo-thermo sensitive genic male sterile（PTGMS） lines selected from QFS156 and E′nong 1S by marker-assisted selection（MAS） and low-temperature pool pressure methods. The sterile line possesses the characteristics of low sterility starting point temperature,good plant type,high quality,and easy multiplication and hybrid seed production,and carries Pi1 and Pi2 resistant genes. The preliminary test crossing results showed that the derived combinations by it have high yield,high quality and good blast resistance. And some combinations are in different regional yield trials.

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Rape Planting Under Super Sparse Planting Pattern in Enshi

ZHANG Qiao-hui, HUANG Jing-jing, WANG Dong-hui, LI Bi-qin, ZENG Fan-zhong, DING Li

2018, 57(23):  38-40.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.009

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The height of plant and the lodging resistance of rapeseed can be improved appropriately,and the crown width,branch angle and stem diameter of rape be not significantly affected when the rape was planted in super sparse planting pattern of 1 plants per m²,and covered with plastic film. Planting rape on rapeseed has a negative effect on rapeseed quality. The content of erucic acid,glucosinolates and protein content of rapeseed increased,and the oil content decreased. It showed that under the super sparse planting pattern,rape planting was not the best way of planting by comprehensive analysis.

Investigation on the Lodging of Wheat in Xiangzhou District of Xiangyang City

GUO Guang-li, LI Chun-hua, LI Xuan-zhi, ZHAO Wen-ge, ZHANG Hui-fang, ZOU Juan, ZHU Zhan-wang, GAO Chun-bao

2018, 57(23):  41-44.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.010

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Lodging is one of the restriction factors of wheat production. In 2017,the planting area of wheat in Xiangzhou was 1.01×10⁵ hm². However,caused by lasting rainfall and heavy wind,6.7×10³ hm² of them got flattened. Investigation results showed that,lodging reduced 3.82 grains per spike,a decrease of 12.75%;and 3.78 g of thousand kernel weight（TKW）,a decrease of 8.78%. It further reduced the production by 860.62 kg/hm²（12.83%）. The reasons of this event were analyzed and the technical measures to prevent lodging were discussed in this survey.

Comparative Experiment Results and Evaluation of 10 Ratooning Rice Varieties

ZHANG Qun, CHEN Jie, LI Cheng-fang, HUANG Jian-liang, CHENG Jian-ping, FANG Xi-wen, JIN Hong-mei, CAO Zhi-gang, TU Jun-ming

2018, 57(23):  45-47.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.011

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Taking 10 rice（Oryza sativa L.） varieties as materials,the rice cultivars comparative test was carried out,and the four aspects of growth period,yield,quality and resistance of those varieties were compared. The results show that four cultivars,including,Liangyou 33,Huangkexiang NO.1,Huangkexiang NO.2 and Huangguangyouzhan are suitable for live ratoon rice.

Resource & Environment

Study on the Interference Intensity of Human Activities to Vegetation Changesin Pastoral Areas Based on RUE and NDVI——A Case Study in the Headwater Region of Northwest Sichuan

DING Peng-kai, SHAO Huai-yong, XIAN Wei, LI Bo, YI Xia, YANG Qing-lin

2018, 57(23):  48-54.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.012

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Trend analysis was calculated by using normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI） and precipitation utilization （RUE） combined with least square method to determine the interference intensity of human activities on the vegetation changes in the source regions of rivers in Northwest Sichuan from 2000 to 2014. Research results showed that the vegetation intensity in the study area improved generally from 2000 to 2014. During 2000 to 2010, vegetation intensity in the study area recovered well. The significantly degraded areas of vegetation were significantly more than the significant recovery areas in study area from 2010 to 2014. In 2000—2014, the interference of anthropogenic factors on vegetation changes was dominated by negative interferences. The negative interference area accounted for 57.59% of the total area and the positive interference area accounted for 21.85%. Among them, human activities in the study area from 2000 to 2005 mainly showed a moderate positive disturbance on the vegetation changes, mainly mild positive disturbance from 2005 to 2010, and negative disturbance in 2010 to 2014 is serious. In the study area,negative interferences of human activities on vegetation changes are dominated by slight negative disturbance, mainly distributed in Shiqu,Aba, Hongyuan and Ruoergai counties. Man-made negative interference is mainly located in Shiqu county. Man-made positive interference is concentrated on man-made positive interference, mainly concentrated in the northern part of Shiqu county. No obvious human interference areas are mainly distributed in Ganzi, Seda, Rangtang counties.

Effects of Different Combination of Organic and Inorganic Potassium on the Yield,Quality of Sweet Corn and the Content of Soil Microorganisms

WANG Su-ping, DU Lei, CHEN Gang, HONG Juan, HUANG Xiang, ZHANG Gui-you, LIAN Zhi-cheng, ZHANG Li-hong, YE Li-xia, JIANG Li

2018, 57(23):  55-60.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.013

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In order to clarify the optimum proportion for the combination application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on sweet corn（Zea mays L.）,the effects of different combination of organic and inorganic potassium on the yield,quality of sweet corn and the content of soil microorganisms were studied. The results showed that application of potassium fertilizer could significantly increase the leaf number and plant height of sweet corn,increase the content of nitrate,soluble sugar and soluble protein in fruit of sweet corn,and significantly increase the ear diameter,ear length,row grains and thousand kernel weight,while reducing the bald tip length of sweet corn,but no significant effect on the number of bract and ear rows. The potassium fertilization significantly influenced on the yield,dry matter and potassium accumulation of sweet corn,and they were increased by 11.02%~26.04%,28.42%~47.39% and 35.87%~68.97% respectively. The number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in soil were increased. Organic fertilizer application could decrease the nitrate accumulation in sweet corn,and increase content of soluble sugar under the same condition of potassium rates. The yield,agronomic efficiency,potassium accumulation and apparent utilization of 30%OF and 70%CF treatment was 18 755 kg/hm²,21.53 kg/kg,194.89 kg/hm² and 44.19%,respectively. Potassium was mainly accumulated in sweet corn leaf and stem. The population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in soil present that the treatment of organic matter mixed with chemical fertilizer were much higher than the treatment of single chemical fertilizer,and it was decreased with the organic potassium fertilizer proportion to the total potassium decreased. Analysis indicated that the effects of applying mixed fertilizer is superion to applying single fertilizer, and the effect of applying organic matter mixed with chemical fertilizer 3∶7 was the best.

Effects of Nitrate on Early Root Growth and Antioxidant Properties of Wheat Seedlings

GU Ze-wei, SHAN You-tian, CHEN Xiao-yan, CAI Dong-mei, CHEN Yan-die, JING Hong-juan

2018, 57(23):  61-64.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.014

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In order to study the effects of different concentration nitrate on root growth of wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） seedlings,the nitrate-free Hoagland solution was used as a control and Qiule 2122 was as test material. O₂^-·,H₂O₂,glutathione（GSH） contents and oxidoreductase activity in roots were detected by pectrophotometry and histochemical staining. The results showed that nitrate significantly increased superoxied anion（O₂^-·） but not peroxide hydrogen（H₂O₂）,and content of O₂^-· in seedlings with high nitrate （60 mmol/L） was higher than that in wheat seedlings with low nitrate （10 mmol/L）. Superoxidase（SOD） activity and GSH content were significantly decreased by low nitrate. On the contrary,low nitrate increased POD,GR,and GSH-PX activities to maintaining higher antioxidant capacity. Thus,low nitrate activated the growth of the roots of wheat seedlings. High nitrate inhibited the root growth due to the decreasing activities of SOD and GSH-PX,although high nitrate increased activities of GR and POD. Therefore,nitrate regulated growth of roots by means of changing O₂^-· content.

Characteristics of Lightening and Disaster Risk Regionalization in Changsha

HE Qiu-yan, GUO Bin, YANG Jia-yan, WU Ya-hao, WANG Shao-juan

2018, 57(23):  65-70.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.015

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Based on the thunderstorm observation data of four meteorological stations’ in Changsha region from 1951 to 2013,and the lightning monitoring data from 2009 to 2017,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of lightening in Changsha were analyzed. At the same time,combined with data from lightning strikes from 2002 to 2017 in Changsha and population densities,the disaster risk regionalization was made by using the index of lightning strike density,frequency of lightning disasters,life vulnerability modulus and economic vulnerability modulus. The result show that,the average lightening days in Changsha has generally declined by the rate of 1.858 d/10 years. The seasonal variation is obvious with more in summer which accounts for 46.66% in total. The days of thunder shows strong period pattern in 5~6 a years and 13~14 years.Changsha county is an extremely vulnerable area for lightning strikes,Changsha and Ningxiang are highly vulnerable areas.

Effects of Municipal Sludge Compost on the Growth of Coleus blumei

LIANG Hua-zu, SHANG Wei-hui, HUANG Shao-ling, LI Cai-qun, YE Xiang-sen, LI Mian-sheng, WANG Ying-hua, CHEN Gang, REN Yuan-yuan

2018, 57(23):  71-75.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.016

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Using Coleus blumei as the test material and the municipal sludge compost as experimental culture substrate,the growth condition and biomass of Coleus blumei were determined by pot experiment. Through the experiment,the growth indexes and biomass of C. blumei were measured in different proportion of municipal sludge compost. The results showed that 70% of municipal sludge compost was better than those of other treatments for growing C. blumei. After 2 months planting,the plant had 44.40 vane,36.75 cm in height,9.41 nodes,42.41 cm crown width,59.06 g in fresh weight and 4.72 g in dry weight. And,there was no significant difference between the control and municipal sludge compost used as culture substrate for growing C. blumei with statistical analysis.

Effects of Key Meteorolgical Factors on Yield of Citrus in Nanfeng County

JIN Guo-hua, HE Shou-ren

2018, 57(23):  76-80.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.017

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Based on the ground meteorological data from 1981 to 2017 and the statistical output data of citrus（Citrus reticulata Blanco.）,the relationship between citrus output and meteorological factors was discussed by linear climate trend rate and correlation coefficient analysis. The results show that the planting area and total yield of citrus and year average yield in Nanfeng County in the past 37 years revealed an increasing trend. Through correlation analysis, mean annual temperatures,annual accumulated temperature were significantly positively correlated with citrus year average yield, however the annual precipitation,rainy days,sunshine duration were uncorrelated or un-significant. Average maximum air temperature in late March and June,in middle July and Novembe,in front July and August and November;average minimum air temperature in middle June,annual precipitation in middle November were significantly positively correlated with citrus of year average yield; however the sunshine in front June were significantly negatively correlated with it.

Aftereffects of Biogas Fertilizer Planting on Maize Yield

LIU Lei, PAN Xiao-han, GAO Wei-cheng, LIU Xin-cheng, HAN Shou-liang, YANG Li, WANG Xue-fen

2018, 57(23):  81-84.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.018

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To explore the partial availability of biogas fertilizer and its incomplete seasonal release of the nutrients,the experiment was carried in the maize field with the application of equal amounts of N/P/K nutrients. In the first year,six experimental groups were set up,labelled as T₁（no fertilization）,T₂（chemical fertilizer）,T₃（20% biogas fertilizer+80% chemical fertilizer）,T₄（50% biogas fertilizer+50% chemical fertilizer）,T₅（80% biogas fertilizer+20% chemical fertilizer）,T₆（100% biogas fertilizer）,followed by a uniform application of T₂（chemical fertilizer） for every groups in the second year. Results collected indicate that biogas fertilizer has a significant chronic effect. The improvement of soil fertility due to the application of biogas fertilizer in the first crop rotation considerably increases the production,biological characters of plants and soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content. Observation shows that there is a noticeable improvement of corn ear growth condition in T₅ comparing to other groups. Group T₃ to T₆ demonstrate an overall advancement in number of kernels per single ear and resistance against lodging over samples of T₁ and T₂. An increase in yield is witnessed in T₃,T₄,T₅ and T₆ by 5.88%,5.35%,11.23% and 13.90% respectively,compared with T₂. The soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content of T₃,T₄,T₅ and T₆ in the following crop rotation rises by 37.82%, 76.74%,57.76%,72.76% respectively,based on measurement of T₂.

Plant Protection

Antibacterial Activity Component of Coptis chinensis Franch.

XIE Chuan-dong, WEN Yan, ZENG Yu-wei, WANG Xing, GAO Pan-qi, CHEN Hong-ying

2018, 57(23):  85-88.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.019

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To explore the material basis of antibacterial activity of Coptis chinensis Franch.,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used as experiments bacteria for antimicrobial activity,different solvent extracts,components and compounds were tracked gradually. Coptis chinensis Franch. powder was extracted by different solvent,then the crude extracts from Coptis chinensis Franch. was divided into different components by chemical methods which were alkaloids,non-alkaloids,and polysaccharides. Further alkaloids which had obvious activity were separated and purified by high-speed countercurrent chromatography（HSCCC）,four alkaloids were simultaneously obtained： palmatine,berberine and coptisine,and epiberberine. The results showed that the sensitive range of all samples were the same which had better activity on Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli,but the antibacterial activity of the former was better than the latter. The 100% alcohol extracts of Coptis chinensis Franch. had the best antibacterial activity in the different solvent extracts,alkaloids were its main active constituents which was obvious better active than berberine of the four main alkaloids,berberine and coptisine were the most active,and there are maybe synergistic antibacterial relations between the four main alkaloids.

Effects of Sublethal Dosage of Imidacloprid on the Growth, Development and Population Parameter of Aphis craccivora Koch

LIU Chang-yan, WAN Zheng-huang, JIAO Chun-hai, LI Li, LIU Liang-jun, CHEN Hong-wei

2018, 57(23):  89-91.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.020

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To understand the effects of sublethal dosage of imidacloprid on the experimental population parameter of Aphis craccivora Koch,and to investigate the relationship between the development,reproduction of A. craccivora Koch and sublethal dosage,which can provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive control of A. craccivora Koch. Sublethal dosage of imidacloprid on A. craccivora Koch was examined by leaf with insect dipping method and disc leaf dipped method respectively under constant temperature（25±1） ℃,a 16∶8（L∶D） hours photoperiod and relative humidity（70%~80%）. The developmental duration,fecundity of aphids and life time were recorded. The results showed that mean longevity and fecundity of the adults treated by LC₃₀ were significantly lower than the control,but the mean longevity and fecundity of the adults treated by LC₂₀ and LC₁₀ showed no significant difference than the control. No significant regulations were found on the durations of different developmental stages of F₁ generation nymphs and adults,but the survival rate of F₁ generation nymphs were significantly lower than the control treated by three concentrations（LC₁₀,LC₂₀ and LC₃₀）. The results indicated that the lifetime and fecundity of A. craccivora Koch treated by different concentrations of imidacloprid were inhibited.

Study on the Control Effects of Tea Geometrid in Tea GardenBased on Trapping Platform

CHEN Xun, LEI Gai-xiang, MAO Ying-xin, HUANG Dan-juan, LI Xin-hua, WAN Chang-xi, CHENG Fan-yang, TU Xiu-liang, ZHANG Jing-feng, LI Gang, WANG You-ping

2018, 57(23):  92-93.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.021

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With attempt to controlling tea geometrid,one of the main pests in tea plantation,3 different trapping platforms were trialed to ascertain the optimal one and its corresponding parameters. Results indicated that wet type trapping platform was excellent green prevention and control scheme for tea geometrid. The optimal parameters obtained with single factor experiments were delivery distance,height and period by 15 m,20 cm above tea plant and 15~20 d,respectively,which could result in fabulous control effect by inhibiting its male density.

Synthesis of 4-Fluorobenzylamines and Its Antibacterial Activity Against Erwinia carotorora

HUANG Jian-dong, QIAN Yong, YANG Shi-jie, WANG Peng-jun, FENG Bao-jun, XIE Tian-pei

2018, 57(23):  94-97.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.022

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Starting from 4-fluorobenzylamine and 20 types of acyl chlorides,11 fatty（3A01~3A11） and 9 aromatic（3B01~3B09） derivatives of fluorobenzylamide were synthesized via N-acylation reaction,and their structures were characterized by MS and ¹H NMR spectroscopic analysis. The antibacterial activities of the title compounds against Erwinia carotorora were evaluated by paper disc method. The results of bio-assay showed that 3A01,3A07,3B03,and 3B09 had strong inhibitory against Erwinia carotorora（20 μg of tested compound per disc）,and the diameters of the inhibitory zone of them were 17,15,15 and 13 mm,respectively.

Horticulture & Local Products

Research on Elements’ Dynamic Changes in Different Ages of Fresh Tea Leaves

LI Jin-gui, LU Yu-rong, GONG Yong-xin

2018, 57(23):  98-99.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.023

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This article researched on 16 common elements in the four growing phases of fresh tea leaves. It showed that contents of 9 elements,i.e. Ca,Mn,Al,Fe,Cr,Pb,Sn,As and Sb,gradually increased with the growing of tea bushes and the bio-accumulation appeared;of which,the changes of elements Al and Sb were comparatively distinct. Content of K,Mg,Na,Zn,Cu and Cd elements decreased with the growing of tea bushes. Elements Zn and Cd were relatively distinct concerning the transfer and reutilization from mature leaves to tender leaves. The analysis on the infusing rules of 16 elements provided the reference for tea production and daily consumption.

Analysis of Relationship Between Tobacco Quality and the Altitude in Enshi

CAO Jing-lin, CHENG Jun-qi, LI Ya-pei, WU Cheng-lin, ZHANG Jun-jie

2018, 57(23):  100-104.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.024

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The paper aims to clarify the relationship between tobacco quality and altitude in Enshi. The correlations of main chemical constituents and sensory quality of the central tobacco leaves with the altitudes were analyzed within the altitude of 540~1 680 m in Enshi. The results showed that the correlation of the main chemical composition indexes and their derived values with the altitude was not significant,while the score for the coordination of main chemical components of tobacco leaves was negatively related to the altitude. The total score of smoking as well as the scores for the quality of aroma,irritation,volume of aroma,miscellaneous gas and aftertaste were very significantly or significantly positively correlated with the altitude,but there was no correlation between combustibility or grey score and the altitude. Regression analysis showed that the coordination of chemical components of tobacco leaves decreased with the increase of altitude,while the sensory evaluation quality gradually increased.

Study on Moisture Desorption and Absorption Characters of Tobacco Work in Process

LIU Bo, LI Hong-tao, XU Feng-cang, LIU Huai-bo

2018, 57(23):  105-108.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.025

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In order to study the characters of moisture desorption and absorption in different conditions, by using single factor test method, the change rule of equilibrium moisture content of lamina, cut tobacco, mixing tobacco, cut stem and sheet were studied in different temperature and humidity conditions, characteristic curves of moisture desorption and absorption were fitted. The results show that, with the increasing of relative humidity, different tobacco work in process showed increasing trend,the moisture absorption of cut stem was best, sheet was worst, lamina, cut tobacco and mixing tobacco were in the middle. Equilibrium moisture content of moisture desorption was slightly above moisture absorption. In the lower temperature and humidity conditions,the reduction of moisture content of cut stem was higher than cut tobacco significantly. In the same temperature and humidity conditions, the lamina moisture content of 5 cm depth was lower than the lamina moisture content of 10 cm depth,and with increasing of storing time,difference showed increasing trend. In a word,the influencing trend of environmental temperature and humidity on characters of moisture desorption and absorption of different tobacco work in process were same,after air conveying and storage, the moisture content of different tobacco work in process were reduced in a certain extent.

A New Checklist of Liverworts in Hubei Province

YU Xia-jun, LIU Xue-fei, HONG Liu, WU Lin

2018, 57(23):  109-117.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.026

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Hubei province is located in the zone between temperate and subtropical zone,and is also a transition of the second step of China to the third step. Hubei province is a rich biodiversity region. To further enrich the latest research on the liverworts plant in Hubei province,a new checklist of liverworts from Hubei province,comprising 35 families,61 genera,and 200 species,is presented to enrich the new information on bryophytes of Hubei province for the future survey and research.

Aquatic & Products

Effects of Different Facilities Coverage Conditions on the Cultivation and Domestication of Caged Crayfish

WANG Han, LIU Ke-qun, HU Dong-ping, MENG Cui-li, GAN Chang-lin

2018, 57(23):  118-120.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.027

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Using 18 aquaculture ponds of Wuhan Agricultural Meteorological Test Base,the steel frame greenhouses on the pool were constructed,three coverage conditions including two layers of film,single-layer film and open-air conditions,and two different water depths of 30 cm and 60 cm were set up to develop crayfish for cages,the effects of these conditions on juvenile crayfish was studied. The results show that,the daily average temperature of 21~22 ℃,the daily average day difference of 4~5 ℃ water temperature environment is most conducive to the domestication of juvenile crayfish survival, growth and development is also the fastest;under the same conditions,increasing the water depth is beneficial to increase the survival rate of crayfish seedlings.

Effects on the Water Quality and the Production of Crayfish by Increased Application of Microbial Nutrients in Shrimp and Rice Farming

CHENG Jian-ping, WEN Ling-mei, YANG Tao, ZHANG Zhi-sheng, LI Yang, ZHAO Feng, WANG Ben-fu

2018, 57(23):  121-123.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.028

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At present, the scale of the development of the shrimp and rice farming is getting larger and larger. Due to the uneven level of aquaculture, excessive feed feeding is a serious phenomenon, which increases the risk of eutrophication of aquaculture water. In this experiment, microbial nutrient was used to replace part of the feed. The results showed that after adding microbial nutrient, the crayfish production was reduced by an average of 139.5 kg per hectare, and the pH value of the aquaculture water was increased, and the dissolved oxygen content of the water increased by 0.15 mg/L. The content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite decreased by 0.09 mg/L and 0.006 mg/L, respectively. But the total phosphorus content was increased, and the average increase was 0.17 mg/L. It indicates that the microbial nutrient can stably maintain the pH value of the aquaculture water in a weak alkaline environment, increase the dissolved oxygen content of the water body and reduce the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite substances in the water body, and create a suitable water environment for the healthy growth of crayfish, and increase the metabolic intensity of crayfish, promote the increase in food intake of crayfish and accelerates the growth.

Research on the Basic Biology of Yunnanilus caohaiensis

ZHAO Hai-tao, LI Qing CHEN Cang-yu, HU Si-yu, CHEN Song-shu, CHEN Yong-xiang

2018, 57(23):  124-127.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.029

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In July 2016 and March 2017,408 Yunnanilus caohaiensis were collected for the initial research of basic biology in the Caohai National Nature Reserve which maintain a relatively good water quality of Yangguan Mountain. The results showed that the age of the Y. caohaiensis was 0⁺~5 years old,and the proportion of 0⁺~2 age was larger,which was the dominant age group. The absolute fecundity of the Y. caohaiensis is 197,and the average fecundity is 142. The relative fecundity is 102 grains each gram and the average relative fecundity is 99 grains each gram. The male and female ratio of Y. caohaiensis is approximately equal to 1∶5. In order to protect the diversity of fish species in Caohai,the protection of Y. caohaiensis should be strengthened.

Detection Analysis

Determination and Contamination Evaluation of Zn,Cu and Cr in Water Chestnut Soil

TANG Zhao-ling, BAO Mi, WANG Lei, ZUO Zhu-min, ZHAO Da-qing, CHEN Wei, TAO Jian-heng, LUO Xiao-hui, MO Qiu-yun, LI Hui-jing

2018, 57(23):  128-131.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.030

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Microwave digestion-flame atomic absorption spectrometry method was used to determine the concentrations of Zn, Cu and Cr in Water Chestnut Soil. It was provided references for improving bioavailability, planting management and quality of water chestnut. The detection limitation, accuracy and precision of the method were validated, the contents of Zn, Cu and Cr was analyzed. Besides, the pollution degree and ecological risk of Zn, Cu and Cr of the studied water chestnut soil were analyzed by means of single pollution index and potential ecological risk index. The results showed that the range of Zn concentration soils is between 63.9~126.8 mg/kg, the average concentration is 83.8 mg/kg, the range of Cu concentration in soils is between 9.1~18.9 mg/kg, the average concentration is 12.6 mg/kg, the range of Cr concentration in soils is between 1.2~26.8 mg/kg,the average concentration is 11.4 mg/kg. Based on the environmental quality standard of soils for edible agricultural products, Zn, Cu and Cr concentration in soil was at clean level. Moreover, the results of potential ecological risk index showed that the potential ec-ological risk degree of Zn, Cu and Cr was characterized by order of Cu>Zn>Cr. On the whole, the pollution risk degree of Zn, Cu and Cr in water chestnut area soil is low.

The Determination of Bezoar Detoxification in the Uncertainty Analysis of Arsenic Speciation by HPLC-ICP-MS

AI Dan, CHEN Qiu-sheng

2018, 57(23):  132-135.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.031

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To build up the determination of bezoar detoxification in the uncertainty degree by HPLC-ICP-MS（high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technology）. According to JJF 1059.1-2012 ‘Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty Measurement’, the uncertainty degree of HPLC-ICP-MS result of arsenic speciation in bezoar detoxification was analyzed. The results showed that the main effect factors of measurement uncertainty include uncertainty degree of standard solution density, uncertainty degree of work curve equation and that of sample repeated measuration. Components of uncertainty and the combined uncertainty were deduced and calculated. We can obtain the evaluation of uncertainty of arsenic speciation in bezoar detoxification by HPLC-ICP-MS.

Residue Detection and Dynamics Research of Prochloraz and Its Metabolites in Loofah

LIU Qian, CHENG Yun-bin, SHEN Jing

2018, 57(23):  136-138.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.032

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The total residue amount of prochloraz and its metabolites in loofah was determined by gas chromatography （ECD）.The prochloraz and its metabolites in the loofah were extracted with acetone,and the prochloraz and its metabolites were all conversed to 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by pyridine hydrochloride at 210 ℃ to 240 ℃. After liquid distribution purification,content of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was determined by gas chromatography （ECD）,and then converted to the residue amount of prochloraz. The average recovery of prochloraz in loofah was 73% to 78%,and the relative standard deviation （RSD） was 4% to 6%.The lowest detection concentration of prochloraz in loofah was 0.02 mg/kg. Residue dynamics study showed that the digestion rate of prochloraz in loofah was fast, and after 3 days, the residue amount of prochloraz was not detected.

TLC Identification and Determination of Hesperidin in Laggera alata

WEI Jiang-cun, CHEN Yong, XIE Zhen, QIN Zu-jie, HUANG Dong-mei, MA Jia-bao, CHEN Sheng-bin, QUE Zu-liang, CHEN Zi-juan, LI Jin-zhou

2018, 57(23):  139-142.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.033

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To establish a method for the determination of the TLC and content of Laggera alata with hesperidin as an indicator, and compare the content of hesperidin in Laggera alata from different areas of Guangxi. Hesperidin could be detected in TLC with clear spots and specificity. The injection volume of hesperidin showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.30~2.25 μg（R²=0.999 6）. The average recovery of hesperidin in the low, middle and high addition group of Laggera alata was 99.60%（RSD=2.78%）,99.97%（RSD=2.08%） and 99.01%（RSD=1.36%）, respectively. The content of hesperidin in 10 batches of Laggera alata from 10 different habitats in Guangxi may be related to climate, temperature, soil, water and light. The method can effectively identify Laggera alata, accurately determine hesperidin content, and provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of resources of Laggera alata.

Biological Engineering

Cloning and Analysis of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Gene Mmk1 in Scleromitrula shiraiana

ZHU Zhi-xian, YU Cui, LI Yong, MO Rong-li, DENG Wen, HU Xing-ming

2018, 57(23):  143-147.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.034

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The degenerate primers were designed according to the mitogen-activated protein kinases Smk1 from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Using the degenerate primers to carry out RT-PCR, length of 856 bp cDNA fragments of mitogen-activated protein kinases Mmk1 of S. shiraiana were cloned. Sequencing results were queried for similarity against the GenBank using Blastx, and found that the amino acids sequences encoded by cloned fragments had high homology with MAPK amino acid sequences of other fungi. Real time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that expression of the gene decreased with the growth of the strain. Molecular characterization of Mmk1 will be useful for the further functional determination of the gene involving in the development of sclerotium.

Analysis on the RAPD Phylogenetic Relationship of Akebia trifoliata（Thunb.） Koidz. in Hunan and Hubei Provinces

LI Hong-ying, WANG Xiao-hui, QIN Da-ji, XIANG Ji-qian, YANG Yong-kang, CHENG Fei-fei, WAN Hai-ying, ZHOU Ming, ZHU Lin

2018, 57(23):  148-152.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.035

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The genetic diversity of Akebia trifoliata（Thunb.） Koidz. in six different areas of Hubei and Hunan provinces was studied by RAPD molecular marker. A total of 86 DNA fragments were screened out from 50 random primers with 10 clear bands,obvious polymorphism and good repeatability. Among them,73 were polymorphic bands,accounting for the total number of bands amplified of 84.9%. Cluster analysis using NTSYS software,the similarity coefficient of 0.578 as a standard,all varieties can be divided into three categories,the major category Ⅰ includes samples from Enshi Hongmiao（purple type） and Hunan Guzhang county（brown type）; the category Ⅱ includes samples from Jianshi Huaping,Badong Chadianzi and Xuan’en Jiaoyuan;Samples from Enshi Taiyanghe is divided into a independent category.

Analysis of Protein Interaction in Sow Reproduction

XIAO Hong-wei, HUA Zai-dong, BI Yan-zhen, REN Hong-yan, HUA Wen-jun, ZHANG Li-ping, ZHU Zhe, LIU Xi-mei, ZHENG Xin-min

2018, 57(23):  153-162.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.036

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The interaction between sows and reproductive proteins was studied. The genes associated with the breeding of related sows have been excavated, and GeneMANIA can be used to predict the possible interaction of genes in the related sows and their contribution to the reproductive traits of sows. The study found that 15 genes predicted that the reproductive traits could be divided into 151 small phenotypes, and these 15 genes played a role in these 151 phenotypes respectively. When predicted by 40 genes, the reproductive traits can be divided into 153 small phenotypes, and these 40 genes play a role in these 153 phenotypes, respectively.

Rural Revitalization

Study on the Love and Marriage Problem of Young Men in Poor Rural Areas of Ankang in the Process of Poverty Alleviation

WANG Xiao-xia, WU Ya-e, SU Liang

2018, 57(23):  163-167.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.037

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Along with the advancement of poverty alleviation, the poverty problem in poor rural areas of Ankang has gradually been alleviated, but the current work needs to pay attention to the marriage and love of young males in poor rural areas. The difficulties in marriage are manifested in the fact that there are fewer young women who can be married, expensive marriages, and unstable marriages. This is because the gender ratio of the birth population has been high since the 1980s, and the rural population has one-way flow in the process of urbanization; and marriage has been too materialized and commoditized. Difficulties in rural male and young people in poverty-stricken areas will bring a series of negative effects, such as the emergence of a large number of single groups, the increase of rural poverty, the stability of rural society, the increase of poverty in rural areas and the impact of social ethics. To solve this special problem, the government should actively improve the local economic backwardness, guide the correct conception of mate selection, encourage rural youth to learn knowledge and skills, and improve the rural old-age security system to improve their competitiveness in marriage.

SWOT Analysis of Rural Home Care for the Aged——Taking Liuhe District of Nanjing as an Example

GUO Jian-ping, CUI Yu-jin, YIN Yue

2018, 57(23):  168-172.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.038

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With the improvement of economic development level, the demand for rural aged care is increasing under the dual background of aging urban and rural upside down and rapid urbanization. However, the miniaturization of family structure makes traditional family support facing severe challenges,which has led to the exploration and practice of home care in rural areas. Taking the Liuhe District of Nanjing as an example,the advantages and disadvantages of the rural home-based old-age care through SWOT analysis was discussed, and the opportunities and challenges that the external environment brings to the rural home care model was analysed. It puts forward the development strategy which is beneficial to the rural home care for the aged, and proposes to promote the integration of resources, establish the pattern of complementary resources,give full play to the main position of the government in the rural home care service, improve the professionalism and pertinence of the rural home old-age service,strengthen the publicity and guidance, and enhance the recognition degree of the rural home-based old-age care.

Management

Study on Operation Management of Tailwater Diversion Project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Jiangsu Province

HU Yu-lu, SUN Fu-hua

2018, 57(23):  173-176.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.23.039

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According to the investigation and research on the construction and operation management of the tailwater diversion project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,it is concluded that the project has six problems：water quality can not continue to reach the standard,the project has environmental risks,the water quality objectives of the functional area are different,the water supply system of the sub-division pipeline has not yet formed,the infrastructure construction is insufficient,and the utilization level of tailwater resources is not high. In response to these problems,the optimization plan and suggestions are proposed from the aspects of engineering operation management and follow-up engineering construction.