HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

The Secure Application of Ethephon on Fruits and Vegetables Production

GUO Xi-zhi, CHEN Jin-yong, GU Hong, CHENG Da-wei, ZHANG Wei-yuan, ZHANG Yang

2018, 57(8): 5-8. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.001

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As a kind of plant growth regulator（PGR）, ethephon plays an important role in growing, ripening, senescence, harvesting, storage and distribution of fruits and vegetables. At present ethephon is used principally in ripening, increasing production and improving the quality of fruits and vegetables. The effects and secure application of ethphon on fruits and vegetables were briefly introduced; and then some special requirements and precautions during its use were summarized, aiming at strengthen scientific understanding and guide secure application.

Research and Utilization State of Chinese Zelkova Species

CHEN Bo, FAN Ji-hong, HAN Zhen-qin, ZUO Li-juan

2018, 57(8): 9-13. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.002

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Zelkova Spach species have important ornamental, economic and ecological value. However, Chinese Zelkova species are scarce due to the joint influence of both natural and human factors. Geographical distribution and dynamics of Zelkova species including Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz., Z. serrata（Thunb.）Makino, Z. sinica Schneid in China are introduced in this study. Research state of their genetic and structural feature, biology characteristics, fine seeds selection, reproduction methods and utilization situation, as well as the utilization status in culture, timber, ornament and ecology were summarized. Moreover, the further research direction about Chinese Zelkova species are prospected, so as o provide theoretical references for improving their research level and use efficiency.

Study on Cultural Technology of Purple Sweet Potato with Plastic Mulching

DING Fan, YUHAN Kai-zong, LIU Li-fang, CHEN Nian-wei, ZOU Xue, YU Jin-long

2018, 57(8): 14-16. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.003

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In order to explore the high-yield cultural technology of purple sweet potato, black plastic film and white plastic film were used to study the effect of plastic mulching on fresh yield, rate of large and medium-sized tuber and economic benefit of purple sweet potato variety Mianyuzi 11. The results showed that plastic mulching could significantly increase the fresh yield of purple sweet potato. Compared to no plastic mulching, black plastic mulching and white plastic mulching increased the fresh yield by 14.64% and 7.81% and increased the rate of large and medium-sized tuber by 15.54% and 14.72%, respectively. Plastic mulching could also improve the economic benefit of purple sweet potato and increase the input-output ratio. The net income increased 11 643.90 yuan/hm² by black plastic film mulching, with an increase of 52.73%. The net income increased 8 799.80 yuan/hm² by white plastic film mulching, with an increase of 39.85%. The effect of increasing fresh yield and economic benefit by plastic mulching was very significant, especially by black plastic film mulching. Therefore we recommend the black plastic film mulching in purple sweet potato planting.

Industry Present Situation and Countermeasures for the Development of Ratooning Rice in Qichun County

CHEN Zhan-peng, ZHOU Wei, TU Jun-ming, LIU Xia, DING Dang, CAO Zhi-gang, CHEN Jie

2018, 57(8): 17-19. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.004

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Based on the findings of research on ratooning rice production in Qichun County and the experience of doing ratooning rice extension work, development status and existing problems of ratooning rice in Qichun County were analyzed, and countermeasures for solving the problems were proposed.

Influence of the Exposure of Unilateral Red Light on the Growth of Soybean Seedlings

WANG Yang-xin, ZHANG You-zhi

2018, 57(8): 20-24. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.005

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Soybean seedlings were cultivated in the light culture room, using unilateral red light and unilateral sunlight as light source. After a period of 30 days, the ecological indexes, including seedling height, fresh weight and dry weight of seedling were measured, and several physiological indexes such as soluble sugar content, chlorophyll content and protein content were also determined. The results showed that all the seedlings had the phenomenon of phototropism under exposure of unilateral red light or unilateral sunlight. The seedling height in the treated group of unilateral red light was significantly higher than in the treated group of unilateral sunlight. However, fresh weight and dry weight had no significant differences between two groups. The three physiological indexes had extremely significant differences between two groups. Soluble sugar content in unilateral sunlight treatment was 16 times higher than in the unilateral red light treatment. Protein content, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content and chlorophyll（a+b） content in the unilateral red light treatment was 1.5 times, 1.14 times, 1.19 times and 1.16 times higher than in the unilateral sunlight treatment, respectively.

Analysis of Yield Potential and Components of New Wheat Variety Yunmai 73

WANG Zhi-long, QIAO Xiang-mei, WANG Zhi-wei, CHENG Jia-sheng, YANG Jin-hua, CHENG Geng, HUANG Jin, YU Ya-xiong

2018, 57(8): 25-27. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.006

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Based on the summary data of the regional trials and production trials of wheat varieties in Yunnan province,a variety of analytical methods were used to analyze the high yield potential,yield stability and yield components of a new stripe rust resistant wheat variety Yunmai 73. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the thousand-grain weight and the yield,and the effective panicle was significantly correlated with the yield. The grain number per panicle was not significantly correlated with the yield. The results of path analysis showed that the direct effect of thousand-grain weight on yield was the highest, followed by the effective panicle. The effect of grain number per panicle was not obvious to the yield. The increase of thousand-grain weight and the effective panicle was the key to its high yield. Yunmai 73 is a stripe rust resistant cultivar with high yield potential and good comprehensive traits. With appropriate cultivation method,this variety will have a good application prospect in suitable planting area.

Effects of Different Fertilization Patterns on Potato Yield and Economic Benefits in Tongjiang

ZHENG Guang-yue, DONG Yi-cheng, ZHU Bing-quan, ZHANG Xiu, ZHAO Hai-bing, FENG Yan

2018, 57(8): 28-30. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.007

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Experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilization patterns on yield and economic benefits of potato in Tongjiang. The results showed that the combined application of farmyard manure and compound fertilizer could obviously increase potato yield and economic benefits.

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Sunshine Hours and Influence of Meteorological Factors in Xianning

HE Li-wei, XIA Qing

2018, 57(8): 31-34. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.008

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Based the monthly sunshine duration, total cloud cover,low cloud cover,relative humidity,precipitation days and precipitation at 6 meteorological observation stations in Xianning from 1960 to 2016,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of sunshine duration and their correlation with meteorological factors were studied by using the climate tendency rate,Morlet wavelet analysis and Mann-Kendall test methods. The results indicated that the annual sunshine duration was high in the middle and low on the north and south in Xianning. The change of annual sunshine duration showed a decreasing tendency in whole area in Xianning from 1960 to 2016 and the decreasing tendency had slowed down in the past 30 years.The sunshine duration in summer,autumn and winter showed a decreasing trend,especially in August. In the 1960s and 1970s annual sunshine hours were unusually high. In the 1980s-1990s and 2000 years later annual sunshine hours were abnormal too few. The mutation of sunshine duration with the obvious decrease occurred in 1977,and the oscillation periods of 3-year and 7-year were significant. The seasonal and annual sunshine hours and meteorological elements were mostly negative correlation. The reduction in sunshine hours was closely related to low cloud cover,precipitation days and precipitation in Xianning during 1960-2016. But in contrast to the changes of the past 30 years,the significant reduction trend of these influencing factors contributes more to the increasing trend of sunshine hours.

Study on Application of Water-soluble Trace Element Fertilizer for Lycium barbarum Mill.

ZHOU Hao-nan, CHEN Sha-sha, HU Na, SUO You-rui

2018, 57(8): 35-38. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.009

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The water-soluble trace element fertilizer for Lycium barbarum Mill. was developed with trace element inorganic salt. The product was evaluated by animal testing,and the effect of this product was verified by field application experiments. Results showed that the product was low toxic and safe. After treatment of this product,the average yield of the L. barbarum Mill. berries in Dulan and Golmud increased by 16.91% and 13.25%,respectively. The average of thousand seed weight and brix of the L. barbarum Mill. berries in Dulan increased by 6.19% and 12.88%,respectively. L. barbarum Mill. berries in Delingha increased by an average of 0.68 kg per plant, while the fresh fruit yeild increased by 19.30% per plant.

Retention and Resuspension of Atmospheric Particles by Iris tectorum

TAN Lian-shuai, LIU Hui, JIANG Xue-lei, LI Peng

2018, 57(8): 39-42. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.010

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Taking Iris tectorum Maxim. as the material,and the dust content was determined by dry-cleaning method. The composition and content of the particulate matter in the leaf and on the leaf surface were determined by ICP. In addition,resuspension ratio of atmospheric particulate on the leaf surface of I. tectorum was investigated at different wind speed and different time. The results showed that the amount of dust per unit leaf area was 3.43 g/m²,which was relatively high among the herbs. Only Al and K had significant correlations between the interior leaf elements and exterior elements. And wind speed gave significant effect on the resuspension of atmospheric particulates in I. Tectorum,while the wind function time gave the limited effect on the resuspension of atmospheric particulate matter.

Temporal and Spatial Distribution and Circulation Characteristicsof Thunderstorms in Jinzhou

JI Yuan, BAI Xue, SHI Hong-ting, HU Ming, LOU Fang-lei, ZHAO Shuo

2018, 57(8): 43-46. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.011

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Based on the conventional meteorological data,the thunderstorm weather process in Jinzhou during the 2006-2013 years was analyzed in detail from two aspects of the temporal and spatial distribution and the circulation pattern. The results showed that the annual variation of thunderstorm days in Jinzhou had no obvious increasing or decreasing trend; The monthly distribution was unimodal,with the peak value in June,and there were 10.9 thunderstorm days on average per month; The diurnal variation of thunderstorm was very obvious,mostly from 11：00（noon） to 23：00（eve）; Affected by the cold vortex system,more than 2 consecutive days of thunderstorm accounted for 63.7% of the total; Area thunderstorm accounted for 55.0%,slightly more than the local thunderstorm; Thunderstorm first appeared in late February,the latest in mid November; Thunderstorms regional difference was not obvious. Large scale circulation background of thunderstorm in Jinzhou city was divided into cold vortex type and westerly trough type. The main difference between the two lies in the former was dominated by meridional circulation,affected by the northeast cold vortex or Hetao vortex,but the latter was dominated by zonal circulation. Cold vortex type was divided into cold（low） vortex directly influence type,bottom trough type and rear cross trough type. The direct influence type of the cold（low） vortex was characterized by the south of the vortex position and the thunderstorm occurring in the west airflow behind the vortex; But in the latter two types,the vortex position was northerly,and the short wave trough at the bottom or the cross trough back of the vortex swinging downward trigger thunderstorm weather,thunderstorm weather could occur in the southwest airflow in front of the trough or the northwest airflow behind the trough.

Effects of Topdressing of Nitrogen in the Period of Stem Clipped on the Yield and N Use Efficiency of Oilseed Rape with Dual Purpose for Vegetable and Oil

XING Lie-huo, LIU Bo, WU Hai-ya, LI Xiao-kun

2018, 57(8): 47-50. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.012

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In order to make a reasonable recovery of nitrogen for oilseed rape with dual purpose for vegetable and oil,field trial was conducted to study the effect of topdressing of nitrogen in the period of stem clipped on the yield and N use efficiency. The results showed that topdressing of nitrogen before stem clipped（Q）,topdressing of nitrogen after stem clipped（H）,topdressing of nitrogen before and after stem clipped（QH） could improve the yield of oilseed rape significantly by 6.3%~10.8% compared with that of the treatment without topdressing（CK）. The yield of the QH treatment was increased by 4.2% significantly compared with that of the Q treatment. The application of topdressing of nitrogen in the period of stem clipped could improve the pod number by 18.4%~31.9% significantly,and had no obvious effect on the height,primary branch number,secondary branch number,seeds per pod and thousand-seed weight. The results of nutrient uptakes showed that topdressing of nitrogen before and after stem clipped could improve the N uptakes. The N uptakes of the Q treatment,H treatment and QH treatment were increased by 3.2%,17.7%（P<0.05） and 15.5%（P<0.05） respectively compared to that of the treatment of CK. Significant difference was found in added N use efficiency among different treatments. The N use efficiency of the H treatment was highest,which increased by 4.5 times compared to that of the Q treatment.

Pathogen Identification and Screening Fungicides of Leaf Streak on Yingshan Daylily

ZHA Zhong-ping, WAN Zheng-huang, SU Xing, JIAO Chun-hai

2018, 57(8): 51-54. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.013

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The morphology,biological characteristics,rDNA internal transcribed spacer and screening of fungicides of leaf disease on Yingshan daylily（Hemerocallis citrina） were studied. The results showed that the pathogen was Nigrospora sphaerica.The optimun pH of mycelium growth was 5. The optimal C-source was maltose and the optimal N-source was yeast extract;The lethal temperature of mycelium growth was 55 ℃. According to screening results,prochloraz had the best inhibition on the mycelium growth of the pathogen among the nine tested fungicides. According to the symptom,the disease was named as leaf streak.

Effects of Azadirachtin on Respiration and Protective Enzymes Activity of Tenebrio molitor Larvae

GUO Chun-hui, NING Chang-long, WANG Rui-rui, WU Guang, ZHAO Peng-fei, YANG Bing-ye, YANG Zhen-de

2018, 57(8): 55-57. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.014

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To investigate the effects of botanical pesticide on the respiration and protective enzymes of coleopteran,CO₂ release rate and protective enzymes in the 8th instar larvae of Tenebrio molitor fed with azadirachtin were examined. The results showed that the CO₂ release rate and protective enzymes of T. molitor fed with azadirachtin increased initially and then declined rapidly. The highest CO₂ release rate of T. molitor was 13.2 μL/h after 6 hours of feeding with azadirachtin and then fell quickly,remarkably lower than the value of control groups. The maximum activities of protective enzymes including SOD,CAT and POD appeared after 6 hours of feeding with azadirachtin, which were 2.34,2.91 and 1.98 times than those in the control group,respectively. And these protect enzymes lowered fast subsequently.

Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Dioscorea opposita Thunb

WEN Chun-nan, WANG Xiao-long, LI Shou-ting, ZHANG Peng-zhan, YE Ying-xiao, MA Bing-ji

2018, 57(8): 58-60. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.015

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The rhizome of Dioscorea opposita Thunb was used as the experimental material,and then endophytic fungi were isolated by the methods of tissue and grinding separation. The isolated strains were then identified by morphology and molecular biology approaches. The results showed that 23 strains from D. opposita Thunb were identified,which belonged to 6 genera,namely,Fusarium,Penicillium,Aspergillus,Geotrichum,Curvularia and Alternaria.

Isolation and Identification of Growth-promoting Rhizosphere Strains Isolated from Extreme Environment and Its Biological Activity Analysis

WU Xiao-hui, XIE Yong-li, LIANG Xin, ZHANG Ying, LU Guang-xin

2018, 57(8): 61-65. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.016

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The strains were isolated from three representative extreme sample area including Tuogeruoge semi-desert sand,Tuosu Lake salt and alkali land,detonation test site of Haibei in Qinghai province. Antagonistic activity detection was used to check antagonistic activity of these strains. Polyphasic molecular taxonomy methods including gyrB and 16S rDNA partial sequence analysis were used to identify these strains. The CMC plate test and Gram staining method were used to analysis cellulose degradation of the bio-control strains. The results showed that three strains including TGRG3,TGRG7 and TSH5 could present distinct antagonistic activity to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,Fusarium graminearum and Helminthotporium tritici-vulgaris,and diameters of the inhibition zone were all longer than 20 mm. The strains of TGRG3,TGRG7 and TSH5 were identified as Bacillus subtilis. All of three biocontrol B. subtilis strains had cellulose-degradation activity and promotion function on growth of plant.

Study on the Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Capsaicin on Some Phytopathogen

ZHANG Ran, LI Biao, WEI Yong, YANG Jin-ru, SHA Hui-ying, SU Xian-hui, XIAO Feng-kun

2018, 57(8): 66-68. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.017

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Taking natural capsaicin as raw material,the antimicrobial activity of natural capsaicin on seven kinds of phytopathogen （including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Cylindrocarpon destructans,Alternaria solani,Botrytis cinerea,Alternaria brassicae,Fusarium graminearum,Fusarium oxysporum） were tested through toxic medium method. The results showed that above-mentioned even kinds of phytopathogen were inhibited growth by natural capsaicin,the order of antimicrobial activity on above-mentioned seven kinds of phytopathogen were Botrytis cinerea>Alternaria brassicae>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides>Alternaria solani>Fusarium oxysporum>Fusarium graminearum>Cylindrocarpon destructan. In certain range,antimicrobial activity of natural capsaicin were positively correlated with concentrations and time,respectively. However,weakening trend of antimicrobial activity appeared when some high concentrations of natural capsaicin and a certain time scale. The natural capsaicin showed up most strongly antimicrobial activity on above-mentioned seven kinds of phytopathogen when phytopathogen were trained for 72 hours on medium with 0.11% natural capsaicin,specially,the antimicrobial activity on B. cinerea was 71.20%.

Study on the Loss of Natural Mutant of A Bacillus thuringiensis

WEI Min

2018, 57(8): 69-70. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.018

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The cry1C gene of a mutant Bacillus thuringiensis natural mutant were cloned and sequenced, and the effects of mutant sites on the protein structure expressed were analyzed by this gene and the causes of loss of activity.

Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Anti-streptomyces LG-9 Using Response Surface Methodology and Its Inhibiton on Verticillium dahliae

CHEN Ming, MUKARAM Ablat, LIU Zheng, WANG Xiao-dong

2018, 57(8): 71-76. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.019

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In order to improve the antibacterial activity of Streptomyces isolate LG-9,on the basis of single factor test,using the Plackett-Burman experiment design and response surface analysis of Minitab software,with the inhibition circle size of the fermentation broth on Verticillium dahliae as the response value,and the liquid fermentation condition of Streptomyces LG-9 were optimized. The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions of the strains LG-9 were loading volume of liquid medium 101.19 mL in 250 mL triangle bottle,pH 7.2,inoculation amount of 7.5%,temperature 31.32 ℃,rotate 160 r/min,time 69.02 h. The diameter of the inhibition zone under these conditions was 22.45 mm,which was 10.43% higher than that before optimization.

Physiological Effects of Inundated Rootstock on the Growth and Flooding Stress of Kiwifruit

CHEN Yu-ming, SHI Meng-qi, ZHANG Cong, XU Kai

2018, 57(8): 77-80. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.020

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The grafted seedlings of Actinidia valvata Dunn., susceptible A. deliciosa A Chev. two rootstocks and Donghong, Hongyang, Xiangjihong three scion are used as experimental materials. This experiment detects the growth index of stem and leaf, the porosity of root, the relative permeability of membrane, MDA content and superoxide dismutase activity in different varieties of kiwi seedlings. The results show that the growth rate of grafted seedlings leaf in flood-resistant rootstock is more fast; and flood-resistant rootstock also increases the internode length. Under the flooding stress, the membrane permeability of the flood-resistant kiwi rootstock increased; porosity rate of increase in flood-resistant rootstock is higher than control rootstock; and the MDA content and SOD activity increases first and then decreases. In conclusion, compared with the A. deliciosa, A. valvata shows a strong resistance to flooding, and performance in growth.

Comparison of the Nutritional Components of Phyllostachys aurea Bamboo Shoots from Different Geographical Provenances

LI Peng-cheng, PEI Jia-long, PENG Xiao-peng, WANG Qian, WANG Shu-guang

2018, 57(8): 81-85. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.021

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The nutritional components in bamboo shoots of Phyllostachys aurea Carr. ex A. et C. Riv. of 3 different geographical provenance from China and the US were analyzed and compared; Nutrition and edible value of bamboo shoots has been analyzed in order to provide a theoretical basis for development and utilization of P. aurea. The results shows that the water content has little difference among different provenance; The content from high to low is Nanjing（90.63%）, Kunming （89.92%） and Pineville （88.69%）; Total sugar content in provenance of Kunming is the highest （46.93%）, while in the US is the lowest（17.54%）; The descending order of advantage object for crude protein and crude fat is Nanjing>Kunming>Pineville. Crude fiber has little difference between the provenances of Kunming and Nanjing; and Pineville has slight advantage（9.78%）. K content is the most abundant in the detection of mineral elements. K content in provenance of Pineville is twice as much as Kunming and Nanjing, microelements shows the variation trend of Pineville>Nanjing>Kunming. The total amino acids in provenance of Nanjing and Pineville shows a clear significant advantage in detected content of 17 kinds of amino acids; Methionine and cystine are their first limiting amino acids. The essential amino acid content of Kunming provenance is also lower than the others; And its first limiting amino acid is threonine.

Research on Evaluation of University Campus Landscape Node Based on AHP：Taking Nanjing Forestry University as An Example

HUANG Jing, WANG Zhong-yue, WANG Xiao-yang

2018, 57(8): 86-91. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.022

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18 landscape nodes in Nanjing Forestry University were selected, and analytic hierarchy process（AHP） method was used to construct the evaluation system which influenced the use of campus landscape nodes from the aspects of position factor, spatial factors, facilities factors, plant factors and cultural factors. The weighting of influencing factors is calculated by analysis, and 18 landscape nodes were scored and studied according to the evaluation system. Comments and suggestions were proposed for the campus landscape to be fully utilized.

The Influence of Different Soil and Water Conditions on the Growthand Seed Setting of Ribes nigrum

PAN Cun-jun, SUN Yong-xiu, LIU Chao, YANG Yan-xia

2018, 57(8): 92-95. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.023

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In order to restore the damaged vegetation community in Kurt Kizu mining area of Altay city, we setted four different test plots（T1： planting hole in black soil with drip irrigation; T2： planting hole in black soil without irrigation; T3： planting hole in sandy soil with drip irrigation; T4： planting hole in sandy soil without irrigation） in the mining damaged area, to explore the effect of different soil and water conditions on growth, fruiting and survival rate of Ribes nigrum L. in the damaged area. The results showed： 1） Under the growth condition of T1, R. nigrum grew the best（average plant height and crown diameter at maximum）; but compared with T3, there was no significant difference in plant height and canopy. And T2 and T4 had significant difference in plant height and canopy. 2） Under the growth condition of T3, seed setting and seed setting rate of R. nigrum were the maximum; but there was no significant difference compared with T1 growth condition. 3） The survival rate of R. nigrum was the highest on T1 plot. Compared with T2 and T4, there was significant difference, but the difference was not significant with T3. Therefore, for the Kurt Kizu mining area, considering comprehensively economic investment and ecological benefits of planting R. nigrum under different conditions, the appropriate planting condition of R. nigrum was T3.

Characterization of Sreptomycin-resistant Avian Pasteurella multocida in Vitro Induction and Preliminary Analysis of Resistance Mechanism

WANG Zui, KONG Ling-yan, SHAO Hua-bin, LU Qin, LUO Qing-ping, YANG Yu-ying

2018, 57(8): 96-99. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.024

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In order to study the drug susceptibility to sreptomycin（Str） and its drug resisitance mechanism of avian Pasteurella multocida（Pm）,a Str-resistant avian Pm was obtained via in vitro induction with gradually increasing drug concentrations to the standard strain named C48-1. The minimal inhibitory concentration（MIC）,biochemical characteristics, growth curve,stability of drug resistance,drug resistance gene site mutation and drug resistance reversal of the Str-resistant strain was analyzed. The results showed that compared with the parent strain, the biochemical characteristics and growth curve had no significant difference,the MIC of the Str-resistant strain was increased from 8 μg/mL to 1 024 μg/mL. What more,the drug resistance gene StrA and StrB were found and the amino acid sequence encoded by the rpsL gene had an amino acid exchange of Lys43→Thr. In the drug resistance reversal test, carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone （CCCP） reduced the MIC of the Str-resistant strain to 16 μg/mL. In total,it shows that gradually increasing drug concentration can induce Pm resistance to aminoglycosides in vitro. Its mechanism is the modification of aminoglycoside antibiotics by phospho-transferase,the mutation of ribosomal protein and the over expression of efflux pumps.

Artificial Propagation and Observations on the Embryonic Development of Barbus capito

ZHANG Qi, HUANG Min, LI Yun, ZHU Wen-huan, HUANG Tian-le, LIU Zi-dong, SHAO Duan, LI Li-juan

2018, 57(8): 100-103. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.025

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In order to enrich the varieties of aquaculture in Wuhan,Barbus capito as parent fish were introduced from Chongqing. This study investigated the artificial propagation and embryonic development of Barbus capito. The results showed the injection of 3.5 μg/kg LHRH-A₂,600 IU/kg HCG and 3.5 μg/kg DOM made better spawning effect. When the water temperature between 21~25 ℃,the response time of oxytocic was 18 h,the fertilization rate of eggs was 68.0%,and the hatchability rate was 26.1%. The relative fecundity of female parent fish was 77 000/kg,the eggs were offwhite,pelagic and non-viscid. The weight of egg was 360 g,the diameter of egg was 1.5 mm,and expanded to 4.5 mm after absorbing water.It took 53~56 h from being fertilized to hatching as larva stage,and took 140 h to initial feeding.

Artificial Propagation and Embryonic Development Observation of Leptobotia elongata from Jinsha River and Yangtze River

ZHANG Yun-hai, DING Yao, GU Zheng-xuan, HUANG Xue-xiao, YU Ze-wen, SHU-Min

2018, 57(8): 104-107. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.026

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Artificial propagation of Leptobotia elongata collected from the Panzhihua section of Jinsha river and Luzhou section of Yangtze river were studied from June to July in 2017. At the same time the embryonic development of Leptobotia elongata from Panzhihua section of Jinsha River were observed. In the experiment of artificial inducing spawning of 4 parents 18 000 fries were received,the study indicated that the females matured earlier than the males,The time they both reach sexual maturity may be in the end of June. Gastrula began in 5.0 h at 24 ℃,and the average hatching time was 31.0 h,the average length of the larvae was 5.2 mm. Before hatching the length of larvae and the diameter of egg membrane was about equal. the fish was able to stretch and swim freely in the egg membrane. This was different from other Cobitidae and most of Cyprinidae.

Design and Implementation of Weather Warning and Forecasting System Based on Mobile Client

QIU Zhong-yang, FU ling, WU Jing-lu, CHEN Hong-bo

2018, 57(8): 108-113. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.027

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How to send weather forecasting and early warning information to users timely and effective,in order to solve the diverse needs,the Changzhou Meteorological Bureau set up a team to research and development of meteorological warning of mobile client （Andriod/IOS）,As a typical “Internet + weather” project,it provide the basis for decision-making mainly include the comprehensive meteorological database design,GIS service,the framework of Mybatis,the warning signal push,real-time forecasting,disaster prevention and mitigation,special services and other aspects. Combined with meteorological business requirements such as forecast,warning and service,the existing meteorological information resources can be effectively integrated,and the existing data can be managed and displayed on the basis of GIS system. The client has great ability in meteorological information data processing and analysis,realize the integration of meteorological data acquisition,processing,production,service management.

Design on Remote Control Orchard Spraying Robot

CAO Wei-xin, ZHANG Jin-zhuan, LI Dong-kun, WANG Peng, XIA Min-fei, KANG Lu

2018, 57(8): 114-116. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.028

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In view of the difficult problem of insect pest control in orchard, an intelligent spraying robot suitable for romote control operation was desigened. After testing the machine field maximum climbing angle of 33 degrees,the operating speed of up to 5.65 km/h,the mechanical arm level adjustment angle can reach 180 degrees,spraying height can reach 1~3 m,wireless video transmission and control in no circumstances can block 200 m transmission distance,a small amount of occlusion under the environment of 100 m. This machine provides a new method for the prevention and control of orchard diseases and insect pests.

Research on Rural Minimum Living Standard in Jiangsu Province——Based on Extended Linear Expenditure System

LI Min-yi

2018, 57(8): 117-122. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.029

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Based on the comparison of the present situation of rural subsistence allowances in Jiangsu province,including the situation of rural subsistence allowances,the comparison of urban and rural subsistence allowances and the comparison between regions,it is found that there is unreasonable phenomenon in Jiangsu rural subsistence allowances,and the extended linear expenditure system model method The standard of minimum living guarantee in rural areas is increasing,but the current standard and the standard of measurement are relatively low,and there is a growing trend. Which proposed to optimize the minimum standard dynamic adjustment mechanism,broaden the financing channels,the establishment of multi-level,all-round rescue system and other countermeasures.

Study on the Agricultural Products Export Trade from Heilongjiang Province to Russia Based on CMS Model

MA Hui-lian

2018, 57(8): 123-125. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.030

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Based on the current situation of agricultural products export trade from Heilongjiang province to Russia,and with the constant market share model,the factors affecting the growth of agricultural products export trade from Heilongjiang province to Russia were analyzed,and some suggestions were put forward.

Analysis on the Influence Factors of Economic Form Selection of Rural E-commerce——A Case of Sand Town Dongfeng Furniture Business

ZHANG Mei-rui

2018, 57(8): 126-129. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.031

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To explore what factors may influence the transformation process of Sand town East village from a single electrical contractor to “front shop,back factory” family production organization,on the basis of literature and field investigation interview,the disadvantages of the “single electric business” economic form and application of the “front shop,back factory” type were analyzed. Research showed that,the economic form selection of rural e-commerce was mainly influenced by two important factors：the low cost of production and transaction,as well as the acquaintances society background with “One of us” as a circle. The current economic form of “front shop,back factory” still existed problems such as the idea lag of village business and the bottleneck of intensive production.

Study on the Aggregation and Change of Residential and Industrial Land in Six Western Provinces

ZHANG Yu, DENG Chun-lei

2018, 57(8): 130-135. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.032

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Spatial autocorrelation and spatial regression models were used to analyze the spatial and temporal changes of residential and industrial land from 2000 to 2012 of 86 counties and cities in 6 western provinces of China. Results showed that,①The Moran's I index of residential land in the six western provinces changed from 0.22 to 0.40 in 2000-2012,the spatial agglomeration gradually increased, the industrial land was increased from 0.179 to 0.230,and the relative residential land was weakly clustered. ②From the urban spatial analysis of residential land and industrial agglomeration trend,HH type and LL type had the most significant change, mostly in the province of Inner Mongolia. ③The urban construction land area, gross national products,the proportion of tertiary industry to GDP and the public land area had the most significant impact on the spatial agglomeration of residential land. The per capita national income,industrial output value, traffic land area and population size had the most impact of significant spatial agglomeration on residential land.

Family Farm：the Best Agricultural Organizational Form of “Separation of Three Rights”

PENG Wan-yong

2018, 57(8): 136-138. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.033

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Based on the evolution of agricultural organizational form since the establishment of new China,it was considered that the “Separation of Three Rights” was an important institutional arrangement to clarify and optimize various land relationships in the context of agricultural supply side structural reform. On basis of “five characteristics”,including “family”,“professional”,“moderate”,“high efficiency”,“legal personality” of family farm,the meeting point between family farm and “Separation of Three Rights” was discussed,it was considered that family farm was the specific organizational form of“Separation of Three Rights”,and “Separation of Three Rights” was the system guidance of family farm,the relationship between two was that of “shape and god” and they were united in the scientific and rational allocation of land elements and the use of extension power,and then it was concluded that the family farm was the best form of agricultural organization under the system design of “Separation of Three Rights”,which was the important micro-organization supporting the sustainable development of modern agriculture management system,with important supporting role for the cultivation of interior kinetic energy of agricultural industry.

Problems and Countermeasures on the Rural Collective Assets Management in Wenjiang District

HUANG Yi-ni, JIA Wei-huan, YAN Chuan-jun, GU Yu, FU Gang, WANG Ya-ping

2018, 57(8): 139-142. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.034

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Through methods of questionnaire investigation and literature research,The rural collective assets management in Wenjiang district was investigated and studied,it was found that there were problems such as the single model of asset management,abnormal management of fixed assets,difficulty in value increment of total assets,insufficiency of accounting informatization management,and unclear ownership of some assets,and then the reasons were analyzed. Finally,some countermeasures were put forward,such as strengthening the fund management,improving the supervision mechanism,perfecting the registration of definite right and activating the "sedimentory" resources.

Re-recognition of Hubei Aquatic Vegetables

WU Da-zhi

2018, 57(8): 143-145. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.08.035

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Hubei province is the largest province of aquatic vegetables in China. Wuhan,the capital of Hubei province,is the largest city of aquatic vegetables in the whole country and even the whole world, and it is also the R&D center of aquatic vegetables in Asia. Aquatic vegetables,represented by lotus root,ia not only a kind of traditional,characteristic and dominant agricultural products in Hubei province and even the country,but also a kind of crops which combines social benefit,economic benefit, ecological benefit and cultural benefit. In the future, aquatic vegetables can play an important role in the revitalization of the countryside.

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