HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Changes of water and salt transport and soybean yield in saline-alkali soil under ridge cropping and plastic film mulching

LIANG Xin-shu, ZHANG Kai, LIAN Xiao-juan, WANG Yan, XUE Zhu

2024, 63(6): 1-4. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.001

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The field experiment of summer sowing soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merr.] was conducted in the moderate saline-alkali soil area of Huanghua City, Hebei Province. Four treatments, namely flat sowing （control treatment）, flat sowing with plastic film mulching, ridging planting, and ridging planting with plastic film mulching, were set up to study the effects of ridge planting and film mulching on soil water and salt transport and soybean yield. The results showed that compared with the traditional flat sowing, flat sowing with plastic film mulching had no significant effect on soil water and salt transport and soybean yield, while ridge planting could significantly change soil water and salt distribution. When the rainfall began to decrease in the middle and late stages of soybean growth, in ridge planting and planting the furrow would produce the effect of superimposed rainwater harvesting, significantly increase the soil water content of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm in the middle stages of soybean growth, slowe down the process of returning salt to the surface layer at the late growth stage, effectively reduced the salt content in the surface layer of soil, promote the growth and yield of soybean to a certain extent, and increase the yield by 27.2%. The effect of ridge planting with plastic film mulching was similar to that in ridge planting, and the effect of plastic film mulching was not significant in this experiment. The research showed that ridge planting technology could be used as one of the important agricultural measures for summer soybean planting in coastal saline-alkali soil.

Regulation and practicability of trace elements in the priming of rape seeds

DENG Feng-ling, LI Chun-sheng, GU Jian-wei

2024, 63(6): 5-11. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.002

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In order to improve the seed vigor of rape （Brassica napus L.） to enhance the stress resistance during seed germination and seedling stage, the effects of different trace element combinations were compared and analyzed by response surface analysis method to derive the element combination with the best effect on rape seed vigor improvement, and the influence of this combination on the growth, development and final yield of different rapeseed varieties was further verified. The results showed that Se （5.0 mg/L）, B（5.0 mg/L）, Zn（100.0 mg/L） and Mo （1.0 mg/L） had significant effects on seed germination. Response surface analysis showed that the optimal combination of trace elements was Se （6.7 mg/L）+B （7.5 mg/L）+Zn （82.3 mg/L）+Mo （4.6 mg/L）. Under this combination, the accumulation of soluble protein was significantly improved, and the stress resistance of seedlings was also significantly enhanced. The application experiments in different rape varieties proved that this combination could effectively increase the yield per plant （P<0.05）.

The temporal and spatial distribution of the influence of climate on rice productivity in Anhui Province based on GTWR model

CAO Hao-ran, MENG Mei

2024, 63(6): 12-21. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.003

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Taking temperature and precipitation as the two factors of climate change and Anhui Province as the study area, based on the data of temperature, precipitation and rice yield from 2001 to 2020, the mechanism of temperature and precipitation on rice yield was analyzed by geographically and temporally weighted regression（GTWR）. The results showed that from 2001 to 2020, the rice yield of each city in Anhui Province showed a continuous fluctuation in time, and there were also specific agglomeration phenomena in space. The temperature and precipitation were positively correlated with rice yield in the northwest of Anhui Province, and the positive correlation was the most significant in Bengbu City. Among all the cities in Anhui Province, the rice yield in Huainan City and Lu’an City was the most significantly affected by temperature and precipitation, while the rice yield in Huaibei City was relatively less affected by temperature and precipitation, indicating that other factors in this region had a deeper impact on rice yield.

Effect of silicon-based leaf inhibitor on Cd control in rice

KANG Bing, GU Zhu-yu, PI Jie, HUANG Bo-yang, LI Wen-chao, TANG Dong-hai

2024, 63(6): 22-26. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.004

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A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different concentrations of silicon-based leaf inhibitors on available Cd in soil, and the content and the transport of Cd in different organs of rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The results showed that leaf inhibitors could not reduce the content of available Cd in soil, but could regulate the transport and accumulation of Cd in rice organs. Compared with the control without leaf inhibitor, the Cd contents in roots, stems, leaves and grain of rice with leaf inhibitor decreased by 13.06%~27.03%, 17.39%~36.96%, 14.89%~42.55%, and 11.11%~32.83%, respectively. The order of Cd accumulation in rice from high to low was root, stem, leaf and grain. The transport coefficients of Cd from root to stem （TF_root-stem）, stem to leaf （TF_stem-leaf） and leaf to rice （TF_leaf-Rice） were 0.36~0.42, 0.47~0.53 and 0.42~0.50, respectively, the transport coefficient from root to stem was the lowest, and it decreased gradually with the increase of the dosage of inhibitor. The yield of rice could be increased by applying a certain amount of leaf inhibitor. Considering the comprehensive factors such as economic cost and the effect of reducing cadmium, the cost was low and the effect was better when the dosage was 4 500 mL/hm².

Evaluation of soil erosion and analysis of driving factors in the Ganguyi Watershed of Yanhe River from 1980 to 2020

CHEN Fang-lei, WANG Ji-ping, CHENG Fu, XIE Hai-yan

2024, 63(6): 27-34. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.005

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The daily rainfall data, DEM data, soil type data, sediment content data and multi period NDVI data were used to study the soil erosion dynamics and driving factors in the Ganguyi Watershed of the Yanhe River in the past 41 years before and after the implementation of the national ecological rehabilitation project of returning farmland to forest and grassland based on the Revised General Soil Loss Equation （RUSLE） and geographic detectors. The results showed that, from 1980 to 2020, the overall soil erosion intensity in the study area showed a fluctuating trend, with an average erosion modulus of 6 746.30 t/（km²·a）, 5 740.28 t/（km²·a）, 6 389.56 t/（km²·a）, 5 450.46 t/（km²·a） and 5 480.56 t/（km²·a） in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, respectively. From 1980 to 2000, the overall erosion intensity in the study area gradually increased, and the proportion of erosion areas at the strong level and above gradually increased, which was characterized by “erosion increase and upgrading”. After 2000, the intensity of soil erosion in the study area began to decrease, and the area of erosion at the strong level and above decreased, which was characterized by “erosion reduction and degradation”. The intensity of soil erosion in the study area increased with the increase of slope. At the same time, it was found that 1 000~1 200 m and 1 200~1 400 m were the main elevation zones for erosion occurrence in the study area. The explanatory power of land use type factors was most prominent in 2020, indicating that the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forests and grasslands had a significant effect. The conversion of large areas of farmland to forests and grasslands was the main reason for the decrease in soil erosion intensity in the research area after 2000. The synergistic effect of various influencing factors on soil erosion was significantly stronger than that of a single factor.

Spatio-temporal variations of ecosystem service value and its spatial heterogeneity mechanism in the economic belt around Tarim

WANG Meng-jie, HU Jiang-ling, ZHANG Sai-sai

2024, 63(6): 35-43. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.006

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Based on the three periods of land use data of the economic belt around Tarim in 1990, 2005 and 2020, the characteristics of land use change and spatial and temporal changes of ecosystem service value （ESV） were analyzed, and the spatial differentiation mechanism of ESV in the economic belt around Tarim was explored with the support of geographical detector tools. The results showed that from 1990 to 2020, the area of grassland, water area and forest land in the study area all decreased, while the area of construction land, cultivated land and unused land all increased. There was a significant wave-like decrease in ESV from the peripheral mountainous areas to the central basin. The spatial distribution pattern of ESV cold and hot spots was characterized by “a circular hot spot dispersion on the outside and a patchy cold spot aggregation on the inside”. The main driving factors of the spatial differentiation of ESV in the economic belt around Tarim were the proportion of unused land, meteorological factors and elevation. The interaction between various factors was enhanced, and the explanatory power of natural factors was higher than that of socio-economic factors.

The preliminary study of the diversity and radiation-resistant characteristics of culturable aerobic halophilic bacteria in the Aiding Lake

ZHANG Yi-yang, LIU Yang, RUAN Di, ZHANG Lu, LIU Guang-xiu, CHEN Tuo, ZHANG Wei, XUE Lin-gui, ZHANG Gao-sen

2024, 63(6): 44-52. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.007

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In order to reveal the diversity and radiation-resistant related characteristics of the culturable aerobic halophilic bacteria in Aiding Lake of Xinjiang, R2A with the salt fraction removed was used as the basal medium to isolate aerobic halophilic bacteria in the mudflat sediment and saline land around the Aiding Lake area in the range of 50~300 g/L NaCl concentration. The results showed that 80 strains of aerobic halophilic bacteria were obtained by 16S rRNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis. The number of culturable aerobic halophilic bacteria and the species richness in the saline land around the lake were significantly higher than those in the mudflat sediment. Among them, moderate halophilic bacteria were not only more abundant but also rich in diversity. The isolated aerobic halophilic bacteria belonged to 22 genera of the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Among them, the Firmicutes （70.00%） was the dominant phylum and the Bacillus （45.00%） was the dominant genus. In addition, 19 potential new species with high salinity were isolated. 34 strains from the isolated 80 aerobic halophilic bacteria had a survival rate （SR） of more than 10% after UVC irradiation at 100 J/m², and 25.00% of the halophilic radiation-resistant bacteria were Bacillus. Streptomyces sp. ALP-8 and Streptomyces sp. ASS-29 isolated from 100 g/L salt concentration were the most radiation-resistant, and SR was 67.23% and 65.73% respectively. The SR of extreme halophilic bacteria Staphylococcus sp. ASS-5（isolated from 300 g/L NaCl）, Sediminibacillus sp. ALP-17 （isolated from 250 g/L NaCl） and Kocuria sp. ASS-27 （isolated from 250 g/L NaCl） was all above 50%.

Research progress on the impact of microplastics on crops

LI Wang-wang, ZHANG Le, CAI Hui, TIAN Zhi-quan, ZHANG Zhao-wei

2024, 63(6): 53-59. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.008

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Microplastics were plastic particles with a size of smaller than 5 millimetres, which were abundant and persistent in soil, posing a serious global environmental problem. Microplastics entered the crop body through the roots or leaves and affected different stages of crop growth. The pathways of microplastics entering the crop body and the detection methods of microplastics in crops of existing research were summarized, and the effects of different microplastics on crop germination rate, biomass, photosynthesis, oxidative stress system, nutrients, gene expression, etc. were explored. It was found that the influence of microplastics on crops varied with the characteristics of microplastics, crop species and environmental factors. Under certain experimental conditions, microplastics had no effect or a positive effect on crops. However, more studies had shown that microplastics could inhibit crop growth and ultimately affect crop yield. Moreover, microplastics could be enriched upward through food chains and affect human health.

Climatic quality assessment of golden passion fruit based on AHP

ZHU Dong-mei, WANG Jia-yi, ZHU Zhen-zi, LI Li-rong, LIN Wen-ming, CHEN Jia-jin

2024, 63(6): 60-65. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.009

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In order to understand the climate quality characteristics of golden passion fruit（Passiflora edulis Sims） in Wuping County, Fujian Province, the meteorological observation data from 2012 to 2021 in Wuping County were used to clarify the meteorological critical period and key factors affecting the quality of golden passion fruit by consulting literature and expert experience method, and the quality climate suitability index and meteorological disaster index were constructed. Based on the analytic hierarchy process, the weight of each index was determined, and the climate quality evaluation model of golden passion fruit was established by the weighted integration method. The climate quality evaluation index was obtained, and the climate quality grade was divided and evaluated. Finally, the climate quality index of golden passion fruit was compared with the actual fruit quality. The results showed that the main meteorological factors affecting the quality of golden passion fruit in Wuping County were the average maximum temperature and average daily temperature difference of 30 d before picking, and sunshine hours and average relative humidity of 60 d before picking. The main meteorological disasters were drought and high temperature. From the point of view of the climate quality index of golden passion fruit in the excellent quality three different picking stages in Wuping County, the climate quality index of passion fruit picked in early September was above 2.0, and the quality of passion fruit was the highest, followed by those picked from late July to early August and late October to early November. The average climate quality index of golden passion fruit in different years ranged from 2.1 to 2.7, with the highest in 2014. In the past 10 years, the rate of excellent quality and special of golden passion in Wuping County was as high as 94.4%, of which the rate of special excellent quality reached 35.2%, especially Xiangdong Town performed best.

The evolution characteristics and optimization path of the production-living-ecological functions in Zhengzhou metropolitan area from 1980 to 2020

JIA Qi, YIN Ze-kai, ZHANG Chao-yu, LIU Yi-jie, YAN Hong-yu

2024, 63(6): 66-74. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.010

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The study focused on the evolution characteristics of the production-living-ecological functions in Zhengzhou metropolitan area from 1980 to 2020, based on the land use classification data, the GIS spatial exploratory analysis method was used to measure the production-living-ecological functions characteristics of Zhengzhou metropolitan area, and the optimization regulation strategy was put forward. The results showed that, the production and ecological functions of Zhengzhou metropolitan area continued to decline, while the living functions centered on the main urban area of Zhengzhou expanded rapidly; the production functions of the metropolitan area continued to move eastward, the living functions continued to gather around the built-up areas of various cities, and the ecological functions were concentrated in the western mountainous areas and along the Yellow River, showing a trend of dispersion and fragmentation; the areas with high comprehensive level of production-living-ecological functions in Zhengzhou metropolitan area were mostly located in the areas surrounded by Xingyang, Xinzheng and Zhongmou, and continued to gather to the core area, and the indicators showed an upward trend. Following the principles of increasing the proportion of compound functional land, appropriately expanding the land for living functions, intensively utilizing the land for production functions, strengthening the integration function of industry and city, and scientifically distributing the proportion of the number of production-living-ecological functions, this paper put forward the balanced layout strategy of production-living-ecological functions in spatial distribution, in order to promote the sustainable utilization of land space in Zhengzhou metropolitan area.

The effects of different densities and sex ratios of male and female adults on the reproductive capacity and life span of Rhynocoris fuscipes

YOU Zi-yi, XIA Chang-jian, PU Xiao-ming, SUN Zheng, DENG Hai-bin

2024, 63(6): 75-80. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.011

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Different densities （individuals/box）（female∶male=1∶1, 2∶2, 3∶3 and 4∶4） and sex ratios （individuals/box）（female∶male=1∶0, 1∶2, 1∶3, 1∶4, 2∶1, 3∶1, 3∶2 and 4∶1） on the pre spawning period, spawning period, spawning amount, hatchability, life span and female to male sex ratio of the offspring were measured, under indoor conditions [temperature （28±1） ℃, relative humidity （70% ± 7%）, light cycle 16 h（L）∶8 h（D）]. The results showed that parthenogenesis existed in the reproduction of the adult Rhynocoris fuscipes, which could lay hatchable eggs. The different densities of male and female adults and the sex ratios of female to male showed no significant effects on the pre-spawning period and egg hatching rate, but significant impacts on spawning period, spawning amount, female-to-male sex ratio of offspring and longevity of female and male adults of Rhynocoris fuscipes. The total number of eggs laid increased with the increase of female adult density, while the number of eggs laid and nymphs hatched per female gradually decreased; the average life span of male and female adults decreased with the increase of male and female adult density. The treatment with female to male sex ratio of 2∶1 had the longest average spawning period （39.5 d）, and the average number of eggs laid per female was the highest （136.40）, and the number of nymphs hatched per female was the highest （130.30）. In the process of mating, high density gave rise to interspecific cannibalistic behavior among the adults of Rhynocoris fuscipes. Based on the results of various fertility and longevity parameters in the research, the female-to-male sex ratio of 2∶1 was the better density and sex ratio for the adult reproduction in the artificial rearing of Rhynocoris fuscipes.

Trapping effects of the environment-friendly insect pests trap on several main piercing-sucking pests in tea field

LI Long-qi, LI Yuan-chuan, LI Yi-xuan, LIU Qi, HOU Ru-yan, YANG Yun-qiu, HUANG Yan-zhang

2024, 63(6): 81-85. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.012

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Using a kind of home-made environment-friendly simple insect pests trapping device, the trapping effects and environmental security of the device with several color combinations on the main piercing-sucking insect pests were researched in the tea field of the southern region of Anhui province. The results indicated that, of five color combinations, the combinations of the golden yellow-jacinth and golden yellow-red showed better trapping effects on piercing-sucking pests, and the number of pests trapped per lamp was 105.6 and 102.4, respectively. The combinations of the golden yellow-jacinth, khaki-red and orange yellow-red showed weak trapping effects on the major beneficial insects, with the number of 16.2, 19.4 and 17.4 per lamp, respectively, and the ratio of beneficial insects to insect pests above was 0.15, 0.20 and 0.18, correspondingly. Furthermore, the combination of the golden yellow-jacinth showed a minimum insect diversity index（1.767）, and it was better friendly to the ecological environment of the tea field. 495 lamps/hm² of golden yellow-jacinth and the golden yellow sticky card traps were continuously applied for 105 days, and the control effects on small green leafhoppers in the tea garden were 57.14% and 42.86%, respectively.

The difference in the survival rate and physiological response between Pomacea canaliculata and native snail species under drought stress

CHEN Ying-tong, ZHANG Chun-xia, YAO Fu-cheng, XIAO Ze-heng, ZHANG Jia-en

2024, 63(6): 86-93. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.013

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In order to compare the differences in drought tolerance between Pomacea canaliculata and some indigenous snail species and investigate the mechanisms underlying the successful invasion of Pomacea canaliculata, the survival rates of adult and juvenile Pomacea canaliculata, Cipangopaludina chinesis and Sinotaia quadrata were measured under different durations of drought. And the effects of drought stress on the free water, bound water, and antioxidant enzymes in the bodies of the three snail species were analyzed. The results indicated that the survival rates of Pomacea canaliculata and Cipangopaludina chinesis were significantly higher than those of Sinotaia quadrata; Cipangopaludina chinesis had the highest free water content, while Pomacea canaliculata exhibited the strongest ability in self-water management. The CAT （catalase） activity, SOD （superoxide dismutase） activity, and T-AOC （total antioxidant capacity） of Pomacea canaliculata all increased to varying degrees under drought stress, and were higher than those of the two native snail species. The drought tolerance of the three snail species was Pomacea canaliculata > Cipangopaludina chinesis > Sinotaia quadrata.

Inhibition and mechanism of volatile oil of Citri grandis against the Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum of Siraitia grosvenorii

ZHAN Xin-jie, CHEN Qian-ping, JIANG Ni, SONG Li-sha, QIU Zhuo-qiu, HUANG Qi, PAN Li-mei, FENG Shi-xin, BAI Dan-yu, JIANG Shui-yuan

2024, 63(6): 94-98. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.014

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The inhibitory activity of Citri grandis oil on Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum of Siraitia grosvenorii was determined by the plate bacteriostatic method combined with pot experiment. The antifungal mechanism of the volatile oil of Citri grandis was investigated by observing the morphology of pathogenic mycelia and measuring the change of conductivity and soluble protein content in the treatment solution of pathogenic mycelia treated by volatile oil. The results of the plate antibacterial test indicated that the inhibition rate of bacterial filamentum growth was 100.0% when the volatile oil was diluted less than 1 000 times, which was significantly higher than the inhibition rate of 80% carbendazim wettable powder diluted 1 000 times （88.7%）. The results of pot experiment showed that when the volatile oil was diluted 1 000 times, the inhibition rates of 45% pentazole-imimidazole emulsion and 10% difenoconazole emulsion were both above 80.0%, and significantly higher than that of 80% carbendazim wettable powder （70.68%）. Under the microscope, it was found that the pathogenic mycelia treated with Citri grandis volatile oil for 7 days showed a moniliform expansion and fracture phenomenon. The results of co-culture of mycelium with volatile oil showed that the conductivity and soluble protein content of the mixture increased with the increase of volatile oil concentration and the prolongation of interaction time. The conductivity of the culture medium was 279.208 μS/cm, which was the maximum value of each treatment, when volatile oil with the concentration of 2.0 g/L was co-cultured with pathogenic mycelia for 48 h. When the final mass fraction of volatile oil was 0.2%, the soluble protein content in culture medium reached 90.6 μg/mL after 60 h of treatment, which was the maximum value of each treatment.

Quality difference of large-leaf variety white tea by light quality withering treatments in Yunnan Province

ZHANG Yan-mei, TONG Jia-yin, HAO Lian-qi, YANG Fang-hui, ZHAO Bi, TANG Hai-kun, MA Yu-qing, XIA Li-fei, SUN Yun-nan, PU Shao-liu

2024, 63(6): 99-104. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.015

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In order to find out the best processing technology, the fresh leaves of Yunnan large-leaf variety were treated with different light quality, which provided a theoretical basis for further study of large-leaf variety white tea. The long-leaf pekoe of Yunnan large-leaf variety was used as the experimental object, two kinds of light quality were used for withering, the sensory quality, biochemical components and aroma components of the samples were detected and analyzed. The results showed that after two kinds of light quality treatment, the total score of sensory evaluation was higher than that of CK（conventional indoor natural sunlight withering）, and the comprehensive score from high to low was yellow light, blue light and CK, and the scores were 92.5, 91.8 and 89.2, respectively. The sensory quality of tea treated with two kinds of light was better than CK, and yellow light was better than blue light. The quality of white tea treated with two light qualities was significantly improved. Yellow light withering significantly increased the content of amino acids, caffeine and soluble sugars of large-leaf white tea in Yunnan （P<0.05）, followed by blue light and the lowest was the control （CK）. Compared with the control, two kinds of light quality treatment increased the content of water extract, and the increase of blue light was greater than that of yellow light;the polyphenol content of tea was reduced by two kinds of light quality treatment, and the reduction of blue light was greater than that of yellow light. A total of 93 aroma components were identified in the test tea samples, including 58 CK, 57 blue light withering and 55 yellow light withering. The content of tea-like linalool with yellow light withering, blue light withering and conventional indoor natural sunlight withering was 65.43%, 62.70% and 61.36%, respectively. The withering with different light quality was beneficial to the improvement of the quality of white tea, and yellow light was better than blue light. Because the aroma and taste of the processed tea were greatly improved, it was one of the methods to process high quality white tea.

Overwintering performance of four species of Machilus Nees in Jingzhou City

ZHAO Zhen-hao, ZHANG Wen-wen, SHANG Li-li, ZENG Xiao-yan, HU Die

2024, 63(6): 105-110. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.016

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A comparative experiment was conducted on the winter cold resistance of four species of Machilus Nees plants. The freezing degree damage of leaves before and after overwintering was compared, and the physiological indexes such as electrical conductivity, soluble protein content, peroxidase activity, catalase activity, free proline content, malondialdehyde content and pigment content of leaves before and after overwintering were measured. The results showed that after natural low temperature, Machilus microcarpa had the lightest degree of freezing damage and could successfully overwinter, while Machilus ichangensis, Machilus phoenicis and Machilus duthiei had the greatest degree of freezing damage. The comprehensive evaluation showed that the cold tolerance of the four kinds of Machilus species was as follows： Machilus microcarpa > Machilus duthiei > Machilus phoenicis > Machilus ichangensis.

Effects of foliar spraying calcium on blueberry fruit quality during short-term storage

YIN Zong-yan, ZHANG Xian-cong, LIAO Ling, LU Wen, ZHAO Zi-ming, WANG Xun

2024, 63(6): 111-115. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.017

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In order to enhance the quality of blueberry fruit and extend the postharvest storage period, the blueberry variety O’Neill was utilized as the experimental material to investigate the impact of different concentrations of inorganic calcium and organic chelated calcium on the storage quality of blueberry fruit. And the type, concentration, and timing for applying calcium fertilizer on the surface of blueberry leaves were determined. The results showed that the fruit had the highest hardness and the highest soluble solid content when it was ripe by foliar spraying calcium at the young fruit stage + color turning stage + maturity stage. Compared with the control （spraying water）, different calcium treatments increased fruit weight per fruit and reduced the postharvest weight loss ratio. After 8 days of postharvest storage, the hardness of blueberry fruits treated with 0.9 g/L EDTA chelated calcium was significantly higher than that of control, and the anthocyanin content of blueberry fruits treated with 0.3 g/L amino acid chelated calcium was the highest. Foliar spraying calcium at the young fruit stage, color turning stage and maturity stage was beneficial to the storage of blueberries. Organic chelated calcium was better than inorganic calcium in improving the internal quality of blueberries.

Evaluation of heat resistance of 13 tree peony varieties based on semi-lethal high temperature

YU Xin, CHEN Fa-zhi, LIU Zhong, CHEN Zhi-wei, JI Xiao-mei, LI Xiu-li

2024, 63(6): 116-120. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.018

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In order to evaluate the heat resistance of tree peony（Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.） germplasm resources, 13 representative tree peony cultivars were selected as experimental materials, and the semi-lethal high temperature （LT₅₀） was studied by the conductivity method and Logistic equation. The results showed that with the treating temperatures higher step-by-step, the cell damage rate of 13 tree peony cultivars showed a typical S curve increasing trend, and the significance test conformed to the Logistic equation. The LT₅₀ of 13 tree peony cultivars ranged from 51.31 ℃ to 59.73 ℃, among which B24 had the highest LT₅₀ of 59.73 ℃, while Haihuang had the lowest LT₅₀ of 51.31 ℃. Based on sequential clustering method, 13 tree peony cultivars could be divided into 3 groups： B24, Taipinghong, B10, Fengdanhe and Fengdanbai belonged to the heat resistant type, with an average LT₅₀ of 57.70 ℃; Xiangyu, Lianhe, Wuxingyu, Daojin and Dianjianghong belonged to the moderate heat resistant type, with an average LT₅₀ of 56.32 ℃; ZB1, Pomozi and Haihuang belonged to the heat sensitive type, with an average LT₅₀ of 53.32 ℃.

Effects of topping period and number of leaves left on yield and quality of cigar wrapper varieties Yunxue No. 1

SHEN Jun-ru, WANG Zhen-chong, TANG Xu-bing, REN Long-hui, FANG Bao, ZHEN An-zhong, KONG Chui-si

2024, 63(6): 121-124. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.019

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Using Yunnan cigar wrapper varieties Yunxue No.1 as material, nine kinds of topping periods and the number of leaves left were set up to study the effects of topping period and the number of leaves left on the agronomic and economic characters of cigar tobacco leaves. The results showed that Yunxue No.1 planted in Lujiang Town, Longyang District, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, and Zhefang Town, Mangshi City, Yunnan Province, had better economic characteristics when the topping period was the same and the number of leaves left was 18. When the number of leaves left was the same, Yunxue No. 1 planted in Zhefang Town of Mangshi showed better economic traits when performing topping at the central flower opening 50%, while this variety planted in Lujiang Town showed better economic traits when performing topping at the central flower opening 10%. The interaction analysis showed that the number of leaves left had the greatest influence on the yield and output value of the cigar wrapper, followed by the topping period. The interaction between the topping period and the number of leaves left was minimal.

Seed seedling cultivation technology of authentic Chinese medicinal material Tinospora sagittata （Oliv.） Gagnep.

SI Hai-qian, FENG Hai-dong, LIU San-bo, HAN Ming-qing, MA Zhao-cheng, YOU Jing-mao, ZHANG Ze-zhi

2024, 63(6): 125-130. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.020

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The seeds of Tinospora sagittata （Oliv.）Gagnep., the original plant of Tinosporae Radix, were grown in the greenhouse, and the agronomic traits of the annual and biennial Tinospora sagittata （Oliv.） Gagnep. seedlings and the content of columbin in the dry block roots of the biennial Tinospora sagittata （Oliv.） Gagnep. seedlings were detected. MS nutrient solution was sprayed on the annual Tinospora sagittata （Oliv.） Gagnep. seedlings to detect their agronomic characters and analyze the correlation between the characters. The results showed that the plant height, taproot length and block root increased with planting time, while the leaf number of biennial seedlings did not increase significantly from June to July; leaf shape index and block root shape index had no significant change after 5 months of age and 17 months of age, respectively; the theoretical number of EP plates, the content of columbin and the water content of the dried block roots of the biennial Tinospora sagittata （Oliv.） Gagnep. seedlings were all > 5 000, >2% and <13.0%,respectively, which were in line with the provisions of pharmacopoeia. The seedling height, leaf number and block root formation of annual Tinospora sagittata （Oliv.） Gagnep. seedlings were increased under MS nutrient solution treatment, respectively. And plant height, leaf width and stem diameter were significantly positively correlated with underground block root fresh weight, block root fresh weight was significantly positively correlated with block root longitudinal diameter, block root transverse diameter and block root shape index, and block root transverse diameter, block root longitudinal diameter and tuber shape index were extremely significantly positively correlated with each other. The leaf shape index had no correlation with leaf length and width, but the block root shape index had positive correlation with longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of block root.

Evaluation of traditional village landscape resources in Mengjin County based on GIS-AHP

XUE Guo-yu, PENG Meng-wei, WEI Hong

2024, 63(6): 131-136. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.021

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Five national traditional villages, Qiaozhuang Village, Weipo Village, Shibeiao Village, Dayanghe Village, and Hengshui Village in Mengjin County of Henan Province, were selected as the research object. 21 indicators from three aspects of natural landscape resources, cultural landscape resources and ecological environment status were selected to establish the evaluation system. Combined with analytic hierarchy process and GIS spatial data, the index weights and scores were calculated, and the landscape resources of traditional villages in Mengjin County were evaluated. The results showed that cultural landscape resources （0.402 7） had the highest weight, followed by ecological environment status （0.367 3）, and natural landscape resources （0.230 0） had the lowest weight. The overall score of landscape resources of traditional villages in Mengjin County was 3.746, and the evaluation grade was good. Hengshui Village （4.07） and Qiaozhuang Village （4.05） had the best overall landscape resources, followed by Weipo Village （3.78） and Dayanghe Village （3.61）, and Shibeiao Village （3.22） was not in good condition.

Regularity of antibody fluctuation of Newcastle disease and serum antibody stability

JIANG Ling-yan, WANG Lin-guo, ZHANG Zai, YU Le, QIN Zhang-shan

2024, 63(6): 137-140. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.022

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In order to study the rule of antibody fluctuation and stability of Newcastle disease antibody activity in serum after immunization with inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine, the hemagglutination inhibition test was used to determine the titers of Newcastle disease antibody in serum of chickens immunized with Newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus （H9 subtype） dual inactivated vaccine. The titers of Newcastle disease antibody in serum treated by different methods such as room temperature, 4 ℃ storage, -20 ℃, -80 ℃ freeze-thaw and heating were determined. The results showed that the average titer of Newcastle disease antibody reached 8.1 log₂ at 14 d and 8.9 log₂ at 35 d after the second immunization. The antibody titer remained 7.8 log₂ at 70 d after immunization, and the antibody titer was 7.8 log₂ to 8.9 log₂ from 14 d to 70 d after the second immunization. The serum Newcastle disease antibody was relatively stable at room temperature and 4 ℃, and the titer of Newcastle disease antibody was almost not affected by room temperature for 13 days. However, the titer of Newcastle disease antibody was affected by 4 ℃ for 9 days, and the difference was significant （P<0.05）. The titer of Newcastle disease antibody was not affected by 56 ℃ for 30 min. Repeated freeze-thaw for three times had a significant effect on the antibody titer of Newcastle disease （P<0.01）. The results showed that the level of Newcastle disease antibody was high and the maintenance time of the high level of Newcastle disease antibody was long after the broilers were immunized with inactivated vaccine twice at 1 and 21 days of age. Newcastle disease antibody of chicken blood could resist heating at 56 ℃, and its activity was stable at room temperature. Repeated freezing and thawing could affect its titer.

The therapeutic effect of phycocyanin on skin damage in mice

SHAO Li-lin, XIE You-yin, ZHANG Lei-fang

2024, 63(6): 141-150. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.023

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To investigate the therapeutic effect of C-phycocyanin （CPC） on skin injuries in mice, ICR mice were divided into five groups： normal control group （Con）, model group （Mod）, blank dressing group （BD）, CPC-treated dressing group （CPC TDD）, and CPC-treated dressing plus intraperitoneal injection of CPC group （CPC+ip.） for conducting mouse scalding experiments. The results showed that the wound healing time was the shortest in the CPC TDD and CPC+ip. groups, which could reduce the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in serum, increase the content of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and decrease levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in serum. Phycocyanin could promote skin injury healing by enhancing antioxidant capacity and reducing levels of inflammatory factors.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharides enhance the immunologic function of mouse peritoneal macrophages

WANG Xin-yu, JIN Xin, DU Qian-sheng, TANG Fei-tai, LIU Ke-ke, DONG Yin-yu, WANG Xiao-li

2024, 63(6): 151-155. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.024

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In order to investigate the effects of different concentrations （12.5, 25.0, 50.0, 100.0, 200.0 μg/mL） of Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharides （GPP） on mouse peritoneal macrophages, and to explore the regulatory effect of GPP on immunologic function and its possible mechanisms, the neutral red method, Griess method, CCK8 method, ELISA method, and fluorescence quantitative PCR method to detect the phagocytic ability, proliferation, the secretion of cytokines（NO,LDH,TNF-α,IL-1β）, and CaM, and GSα gene expression level of mouse peritoneal macrophages. The results showed that GPP activated mouse peritoneal macrophages, and the proliferation ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages increased with the increase of GPP concentration. When the GPP concentration was 50.0, 100.0, and 200.0 μg/mL, the absorbance showed significant differences compared to the blank control treatment;after GPP stimulation, the phagocytic ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages was stronger than that of the blank control treatment. When the GPP concentration was 200.0 μg/mL, the phagocytic ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages was the strongest;GPP promoted the secretion of NO,LDH,TNF-α, and IL-1β in mouse peritoneal macrophages; GPP upregulated CaM and GSα gene expressions. When the GPP concentration was 100.0 and 25.0 μg/mL, CaM and GSα gene expression levels had reached their highest levels respectively.

Detection and drug resistance analysis of virulence and adhesion factor genes of Escherichia coli from Tibetan piglets with diarrhea under house feeding conditions

LI Long, TAN Zhan-kun, LI Wen-feng, LIU Suo-zhu

2024, 63(6): 156-160. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.025

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To effectively prevent and treat diarrhea in Tibetan piglets, PCR and Kirby Bauer paper diffusion methods were used,the virulence genes, adhesion factor genes and drug resistance of 102 strains of Escherichia coli from Tibetan piglets with diarrhea in Linzhi, Xizang were detected. The detection results of virulence genes and pili adhesion factor genes in Escherichia coli showed that the pili adhesion factor gene with the highest detection rate was F18 （45.10%）, followed by F4 （15.69%）, and no F41 gene was detected in all strains; among the 102 strains, the pili adhesion factor gene was not detected in 37 strains. The gene with the highest detection rate among virulence genes was Stx2e （25.49%）, followed by the STb：EAST-1 gene （21.57%） and the STa：STb gene （17.65%）. The detection results of Escherichia coli pili adhesion factor genes and non pili adhesion factor genes showed that 44.73% of the strains containing AIDA-1 gene had pili adhesion factor genes （F18, F4）, and 54.17% of the strains containing paa gene had pili adhesion factor genes （F18, F4）;no F4 gene was detected in the strains that the eae gene was detected. Escherichia coli exhibited high drug resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ampicillin, and streptomycin, with 86.27% of the total bacterial strains exhibiting resistance to three or more antibiotics.

Application of nanocellulose in paper-making reconstituted tobacco substrate

BAI Jia-feng, LIANG Yong-wei, LIU Yuan-shang, HU Zhi-zhong, LIU Hong, NING Zhen-xing, XIONG Ya-mei, XU Chun-ping

2024, 63(6): 161-166. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.026

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In order to improve the physical properties of the reconstituted tobacco, two kinds of nanocellulose （cellulose naonocrystals, CNC and cellulose nanofibril, CNF） were used to replace part of wood pulp fiber, respectively. The effects of nanocellulose on the bulk and tensile strength of reconstructed tobacco were compared, and the better effective cellulose fiber was selected to investigate the effects of nanocellulose with different additions on the bulk, tensile strength and pyrolytic properties of reconstructed tobacco. Then the effects of nanocellulose on particulate composition in the mainstream smoke of reconstructed tobacco were studied. The results showed that under the same wood pulp fiber supplemental amount, the effect of adding CNF on improving the tensile strength of reconstituted tobacco was stronger than that of CNC, and both additions had no significant effect on the bulk of reconstituted tobacco. Adding CNF to the tobacco slurry could effectively increase the tensile strength of the reconstituted tobacco substrate. With the increase of the amount of CNF, the tensile strength of the reconstituted tobacco increased. The thermal stability of the reconstituted tobacco increased with the increase of the amount of CNF, T_-5%, T_-50% and the final residue increased gradually, but the T_max did not change significantly. The addition of small CNF had no significant effect on the composition of the mainstream smoke particles in the reconstructed tobacco. The addition of CNF could effectively replace part of wood pulp fiber, thus reducing the amount of wood pulp fiber, improving the tensile strength of reconstituted tobacco, and also improving the thermal stability of reconstituted tobacco, which provided a new idea for the development of new reconstituted tobacco to meet the requirements of processing technology.

Preparation of selenium-enriched konjac tea jelly

YU Jing, ZHOU Qiong

2024, 63(6): 167-172. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.027

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The selenium-enriched konjac tea jelly was made by using konjac powder as the main material combined with carrageenan, selenium-enriched green tea, white granulated sugar and erythritol. Taking sensory evaluation as the index, the effects of the ratio of konjac powder and carrageenan, the amount of compound jelly powder, compound sweetener, citric acid and green tea soup on the quality of selenium-enriched konjac tea jelly were studied by single factor design, and the production process of selenium-enriched konjac tea jelly was optimized by orthogonal test. The results showed that the best formula of selenium-enriched konjac tea jelly was the ratio of konjac powder and carrageenan of 1.0∶1.0, the amount of the compound jelly powders of 0.8 g, compound sweeteners of 16 g, citric acids of 0.16 g, green tea soups of 45 g, and the appropriate amount of deionized water. Under this condition, the products had the best quality, unique taste, good transparency, uniform texture, yellow-green color, rich tea fragrance, sweet and sour taste, delicate mouthfeel, good elasticity and toughness.

Effects of Bacillus mojavensis ZLX10 on the neutral aroma components of fermented cigar tobacco leaves

ZHAO Xiao-chao, LI Lin-lin, SHI You-zhi, ZHANG Bei-bei, ZHOU Ya-bin, YU Yan, ZHANG Jing-ya, QU Huan, PU Qian, HUANG You-yi, PAN Yong

2024, 63(6): 173-180. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.028

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To investigate the effect of mono-bacterial fermentation of tobacco-derived microorganisms on volatile aroma components of cigar tobacco leaves, the neutral aroma components of cigar tobacco leaves fermented by Bacillus mojavensis ZLX10 were detected by GC-MS, the differential neutral aroma components were screened, and the correlation analysis was done with the sensory scores. Combined with the change of ROAV value, the key aroma components to improve the sensory quality of cigar tobacco leaves by ZLX10 were identified. The results showed that after ZLX10 fermented cigar tobacco leaves, the total aroma and the contents of most neutral aroma components obviously increased. A total of 15 differential neutral aroma components were screened, and a total of 10 aroma components were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Among them, megastigmatrienone A, megastigmatrienone B, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1,4-dione, solanone and phytoalcohol were significantly positively correlated with the aroma of cigar tobacco leaves （P<0.05）, which could be considered as the key differential aroma components to increase the dry aroma and floral aroma of cigar tobacco leaves. Five aroma components significantly decreased （P<0.05）, among which phenylacetaldehyde and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-nitrophenol were significantly positively correlated with cigar irritability （P<0.05）, and had a greater negative impact on the aroma of tobacco leaves. It could be seen that ZLX10 fermentation could promote the quality and quantity of cigar tobacco leaves aroma, which provided a basis for the fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves by artificial inoculation.

Evaluation of the correlation between the content of polysaccharides and heavy metals in Polygouatum cyrtouema Hua. and soil in different years

WU Jiang, ZHU Rong-ping, FAN Cheng, LIU Shi-han, QIU Shou-zhe, XU Yi, HU Jing-ding, CHEN Tu

2024, 63(6): 181-186. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.029

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In order to determine the polysaccharides and heavy metals content of Polygouatum cyrtouema Hua. raw and processed products from two large-scale Huangjing planting bases in Chongyang County, Xianning City, Hubei Province in different years, as well as the corresponding soil heavy metals content in the planting environment, 10 Polygouatum cyrtouema Hua. raw products and 10 soil samples from different years were collected,according to the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, the raw medicine Polygouatum cyrtouema Hua. was processed and the polysaccharides content in the processed product was determined using the sulfuric acid anthrone method. The content of heavy metal elements in Polygouatum cyrtouema Hua. and corresponding soil was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that as the growth years of Polygouatum cyrtouema Hua. increased, the polysaccharides content of Polygouatum cyrtouema Hua. showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When comparing the polysaccharides content of different years, it was found that the polysaccharides content of Polygouatum cyrtouema Hua. aged 3 or 4 years was higher;after processing, the heavy metals content of Polygouatum cyrtouema Hua. decreased to varying degrees;there was a difference in the heavy metals content in the soil of these two planting bases. Some planting bases had slight pollution of cadmium elements in the soil, while other heavy metal elements were within the safe range. Taking into account factors such as the growth cycle, heavy metals content, and polysaccharides content of Polygouatum cyrtouema Hua., the optimal harvesting period for Polygouatum cyrtouema Hua. was the third or fourth year, and the quality of Polygouatum cyrtouema Hua. was relatively good.

Determination of nine mycotoxins in Panax notoginseng by ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

CHENG Long, LI Yun-fei, WU Si-chao, ZHAO Feng-qing, ZHANG Guo-shuai, HE You-yan, TAO Lei, WANG Ying

2024, 63(6): 187-192. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.030

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An ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry screening and confirmation method was established for 9 types of mycotoxins in Panax notoginseng. The residual levels of 9 types of mycotoxins （Aflatoxin B₁、Aflatoxin B₂、Aflatoxin G₁、Aflatoxin G₂、Fumonitoxin B₁、Fumonitoxin B₂、Deoxynivalenol、Zearalenone、Ochratoxin A） in Panax notoginseng were quickly screened. The chromatographic column was Phenomenex Kinetex C18 （100 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm）, and gradient elution was performed using 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and 0.1% formic acid methanol solution as mobile phases. Positive ion scanning and the matrix matching external standard method were used for quantification. The results showed that 9 types of mycotoxins had good linear relationships within the concentration ranges of 0.1~100.0, 5.0~1 000.0, and 0.5~500.0 μg/L, respectively,the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.990 00, and the quantitative limit of the method was 0.3~15.0 μg/kg. At three spiked levels of high, medium, and low concentrations, the recovery rate was 71.22%~98.57%, and the relative standard deviation was 2.31%~6.72%. This method could match the precise mass numbers and fragment ion information of primary and secondary mass spectra in the mass spectrometry database without reference materials, reducing experimental costs. It had the advantages of simplicity, rapidness, efficiency, and accuracy, and was suitable for the rapid screening and determination of mycotoxins residues in Panax notoginseng.

Dynamic changes of main biochemical components during the withering process of fresh leaves in Ziyang population species

QI Yu-gang, XU Ting, HE Zhu-mei, JI Chang-zhong

2024, 63(6): 193-197. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.031

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Using one bud and one leaf （hereinafter referred to as leaf） as raw materials, this study investigated the changes in biochemical components during the withering process of fresh leaves of Ziyang population species, and indoor natural withering was carried out under conditions of temperature 20~25 ℃ and relative humidity of 75%~80%. The thickness of the spread leaves was 2~3 cm. Samples were taken and solidified by microwave at 0, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 hours of withering, and the biochemical components content was measured by grinding. During the withering process of fresh leaves in the Ziyang population species, the water extract content of withered leaves showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, but the difference in content was not significant at different withering times;the content of tea polyphenols in withered leaves first decreased and then increased, but overall showed a downward trend. There was no significant difference in tea polyphenol content between different withering times from 8 hours to 20 hours, and the content tended to stabilize. During the entire withering period, the content of tea polyphenols decreased by 5.60%;the soluble sugar content in withered leaves showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Compared with withered leaves for 12 hours, the soluble sugar content in withered leaves for 20 hours increased by 14.63%;the content of free amino acids in withered leaves showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. From the beginning of withering to the end of withering, the content of free amino acids increased by 18.02%;under conditions of temperature of 20~25 ℃ and relative humidity of 75%~80%, the fresh leaves of the Ziyang population species reached a moderate degree of withering between 18 and 20 hours. During the withering process, water served as both a reactant and a reaction medium in the process of biochemical composition changes. The changes in water content of withered leaves had a significant impact on the biochemical composition of tea, and reasonable measures should be taken to coordinate the changes in water content and biochemical components of withered leaves, so as to achieve the optimal degree of withering.

Real-time segmentation model for abnormal growth areas in farmland based on multispectral aerial images

HU Hai-yang, CHEN Jian, ZHANG Li-lian, YANG Lin-nan

2024, 63(6): 198-203. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.032

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In response to the problem of abnormal segmentation in farmland, a feature fusion skip connection module and a global-local attention module were used to improve the UNet network model. A real-time segmentation network for abnormal farmland areas was proposed, which achieved fine segmentation of various abnormal farmland areas. The results showed that the Mean Intersection Union ratio （MIoU） of the real-time segmentation model for abnormal growth areas in farmland was significantly better than that of other models, with a MIoU of 41.24%;compared to the model using UNet as the baseline, although the number of parameters in this study model had slightly increased, the farmland segmentation effect had significantly improved, with an increase of 4.16 percentage points in MIoU;compared with the SegFormer model based on Transformer encoder, the parameter count of this study model was basically the same, with an increase of 2.50 percentage points in MIoU. This research model ensured excellent segmentation performance in each category by using adaptive sampling training methods. Using multispectral aerial images to train a real-time segmentation model for abnormal growth areas in farmland could help achieve real-time monitoring and early warning of farmland growth by drones, promote the development of smart agriculture, and provide new methods and ideas for automatic monitoring of farmland growth.

Analysis of the effect of material dosages on the compressive strength of alkali activated fly ash concrete at different ages

SHAO Shan-qing, GONG Ai-min, WANG Ran, LUO Jia-hui, YONG Kang, HUANG Yi-er, JIN Zhuo

2024, 63(6): 204-206. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.033

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In order to improve the practical application of alkali-activated fly ash concrete in engineering, the variation law of compressive strength of alkali activated fly ash concrete at different ages（7、28、56 d） was studied based on different dosages of alkali activator （quicklime powder）（5%、8%、10%） and fly ash（10%、15%、25%）. The results showed that under the condition of constant content of quicklime powder, the 7-day compressive strength of alkali-activated fly ash concrete gradually decreased with the increase of fly ash content;at the ages of 28 and 56 days, the compressive strength of alkali-activated fly ash reached its maximum when the fly ash content was 15%. Under the condition of constant fly ash content, when the content of quicklime powder increased from 5% to 8%, the compressive strength of alkali-activated fly ash concrete at all ages increased;when the content of quicklime powder increased from 8% to 10%, the compressive strength of alkali activated fly ash concrete at all ages decreased.

Design and simulation of attitude adjustment system for tillage equipment in hilly and mountainous areas

SHI Zheng-fa, YUAN Kui, YU Jia-bin, HU Yong, HE Cheng-long, ZHANG Fu-gui, AI Yong-feng

2024, 63(6): 207-212. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.034

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In response to the problem of low adjustment and control accuracy of the existing attitude adjustment system for tillage equipment in hilly and mountainous areas under complex operating conditions, which led to poor stability and safety of the equipment operation,based on the lateral attitude adjustment system of the equipment, a set of attitude adjustment system suitable for hilly and mountainous tillage operations was designed using the fuzzy PID control algorithm. Compared with the conventional PID control algorithm, based on the dynamic modeling of the attitude adjustment system, simulation analysis was conducted using MATLAB. The results showed that the lateral attitude adjustment time of the conventional PID control algorithm was 4.5 seconds, and the overshoot of the lateral attitude angle was 0.89°;the lateral attitude adjustment time of the implement using the fuzzy PID control algorithm was 1.9 seconds, and there was basically no overshoot of the lateral attitude angle. The simulation test results had verified the feasibility, correctness, and scientificity of the attitude adjustment system of the equipment. The accuracy and stability performance of the adjustment system met the requirements of complex working conditions in hilly and mountainous cross slope operations.

Exploring the differences in ileal metabolites of laying hens under two different dietary patterns based on non targeted metabolomics

ZHANG Ying-hu, QIN Xu-guang, MA Li, WANG Hao-jie, HU Ling, TIAN Guang-ming

2024, 63(6): 213-217. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.035

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To investigate the differences in metabolites in the ileum contents of laying hens fed with two different dietary conditions： basal diet （CON） and fermented feed containing 5.0% probiotics （PFF）,a combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and non targeted metabolomics was used to detect metabolites in the ileum of laying hens under two different dietary conditions. Differential metabolite screening and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed to screen for differential metabolites and metabolic pathways in the ileum of laying hens. The results showed that compared with the CON group, the content of bile acids such as bile acid, taurine goose deoxycholic acid, and goose deoxycholic acid in the PFF group was significantly reduced, while the content of small peptides such as isoleucine-leucine-glycine-alanine, phenylalanine-glutamate-valine-glutamate, and leucine-tyrosine-threonine-lysine was significantly increased;KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that metabolites were mainly related to pathways such as bile secretion and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Primary bile acids played important roles in the digestion and metabolism of host lipids and lipophilic substances, antioxidant status, cholesterol metabolism, and host-microbial interactions. Adding probiotic fermented feed to the diet of laying hens could improve intestinal absorption function by altering intestinal metabolites.

Establishment and application of a SYBR Green I fluorescence quantitative PCR detection method for waterfowl parvoviruses

WANG Hong-cai, SHANG Yu, MA Yao, ZENG Zhe, ZHANG Rong-rong, YAO Lun, LUO Ling, Li Li, WEN Guo-yuan, LUO Qing-ping

2024, 63(6): 218-222. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.036

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In order to establish a rapid detection method for waterfowl parvoviruses （WPV）, specific primers were designed within the conserved SF3 region of the NS gene of waterfowl parvoviruses based on sequence alignment results, and a SYBR Green I fluorescence quantitative PCR universal detection method was established. The amplification efficiency （E） of this method was 90.0%, the correlation coefficient （R²） was 0.99, and the standard curve equation was y=-3.607x+38.77;except for WPV with an S-shaped amplification curve, the newcastle disease virus （NDV）, H9 subtype avian influenza virus （H9 AIV）, duck tembusu virus （DTMUV）, duck hepatitis A virus （DHAV）, duck enteritis virus （DEV）, and duck reovirus （DRV） samples did not show an S-shaped positive amplification curve;the coefficient of variation （CV） within a batch was 0.15% to 0.23%, and the coefficient of variation between batches was 0.09% to 0.28%. The results indicated that the SYBR Green I fluorescence quantitative PCR detection method had good repeatability, high sensitivity, and strong specificity. The clinical sample testing results showed that the coincidence rate between SYBR Green I fluorescence quantitative PCR and conventional PCR was 98.4%, and the sensitivity was 1 000 times higher than that of conventional PCR. The SYBR Green I fluorescence quantitative PCR detection method could not only qualitatively detect WPV, but also quantitatively detect it. It could be used for WPV purification detection in duck and goose breeding farms, as well as for rapid detection of WPV in large clinical samples.

Construction and efficiency improvement of agricultural science and technology innovation system in Hubei Province

ZHU Zhe, YOU Ai-qin, ZHANG Xin-zhong, ZHOU Rong-hua, BAO Yu, YAN Nian-dong, CHEN Shao-yu, ZHANG Ping, GONG Si-yu, ZHOU Rong

2024, 63(6): 223-227. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.037

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Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Hubei Province had made rapid progress in agricultural science and technology, and the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress exceeded the national average level, but there were still problems in system construction and efficiency improvement, such as insufficient overall effectiveness, low level repetition, and low conversion rate. Based on the main practice of scientific and technological innovation of some academies of agricultural sciences in China, some suggestions were put forward from the aspects of responsibility positioning, collaborative mode, subject setting and management mechanism.

Risk evaluation and control of fresh agricultural products supply chain under the background of omni-channel

LI Xin, DING Yan-hui

2024, 63(6): 228-234. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.038

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Taking Liaoning Province as an example, the risk assessment index system of a fresh agricultural products supply chain based on the omni-channel background was established. The system included 6 first-level indicators and 21 corresponding second-level indicators. The game theory combination weighting method was used to determine each risk weight. Through the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the comprehensive evaluation score of the supply chain risk of fresh agricultural products under the omni-channel was calculated. The results showed that under the omni-channel model, the supply chain risk of fresh agricultural products in Liaoning Province tended to be higher; the highest risk ranking was the quality risk, and the lowest was the environment risk; the enterprise gene differences, cold chain logistics technology, information security protection and supply chain service quality in each index layer were the factors leading to the high risk of the omni-channel fresh agricultural products supply chain.

E-commerce and county consumption： A quasi-natural experiment of e-commerce into a comprehensive rural demonstration county

SHI Jin-feng, LU Jun, WANG Feng-ge

2024, 63(6): 235-240. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.039

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Based on the panel data of 1 081 counties in China from 2011 to 2019, taking the policy of e-commerce into comprehensive rural demonstration county as a quasi-natural experiment, the multi-time point differential model was used to quantitatively analyze the overall impact of e-commerce on county consumption and its mechanism was explored. The results showed that the policy of e-commerce into the comprehensive rural demonstration county increased county consumption by 1.6%; there was regional heterogeneity in the consumption promotion effect of this policy, with the western region being significantly stronger than the central and eastern regions, and the promotion effect of consumption in western counties reached 5%; mechanism test showed that this policy could promote consumption by improving the efficiency of information matching and production.

Research on spatiotemporal evolution characteristics, regional differences and obstacle factors of digital countryside development level in Shandong Province

LIU Rong-jun, WANG Hui

2024, 63(6): 241-248. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.040

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Sixteen cities in five regions of Shandong Province were selected as research areas, and an evaluation index system from four dimensions of digital rural infrastructure, digital rural development environment, rural digital application and agricultural digital production was constructed. The entropy weight-TOPSIS method, Kernel density estimation method, Dagum Gini coefficient and obstacle model were used to analyze the development level, spatiotemporal evolution characteristics, regional differences and influencing factors of digital countryside in Shandong Province respectively. The results showed that from 2015 to 2021,the development level of digital countryside in Shandong Province showed an increasing trend, but the polarization phenomenon appeared in the east of Shandong and the southwest of Shandong. The Gini coefficient of Shandong Province, eastern Shandong Province, central Shandong Province and southwest Shandong Province was showing an upward trend, and the overall gap was mainly due to regional differences, with the contribution rate of super variable density gradually decreasing. During the inspection period, the number of rural e-commerce bases, e-commerce purchases and sales, post and telecommunications business volume and local financial science and technology expenditures had become the main factors hindering the development of digital countryside in Shandong Province. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve the inter-regional development imbalance, and promote the high-level and balanced development of digital countryside in Shandong Province from the aspects of optimizing the development environment of digital countryside, promoting the development of rural digital application and strengthening inter-regional cooperation.

Dynamic identification of the risk of returning to poverty：Based on the micro-survey of poverty alleviation households in southern Xinjiang

CHEN Li, JIA Qiu-ai, SU Yang, DING Yu

2024, 63(6): 249-257. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.041

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Based on the perspective of sustainable livelihood theory, the dynamic identification indicators of poverty alleviation risks of poverty alleviation households were integrated, and their identification performance was investigated from the two aspects of identification scale and identification accuracy. Villages with outstanding achievements in poverty alleviation were selected to carry out micro investigation, and case study methods were used for empirical analysis. The results showed that the lower the level of sustainable livelihood, the higher the risk of returning to poverty of poverty alleviation households, and vice versa; the stronger the path dependence of poverty alleviation households, the higher the risk of returning to poverty of poverty alleviation households, and vice versa; using the two-dimensional indicators of sustainable livelihood and the risk of returning to poverty, the greater the risk of returning to poverty, the greater the identification performance （degree, scale） of poverty alleviation households, and vice versa. According to the conclusion, the monitoring mechanism was designed to further improve the monitoring and early warning index system of the risk of returning to poverty, so as to improve the “active” identification and dynamic monitoring ability.

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