Table of Content

25 July 2024, Volume 63 Issue 7

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Breeding & Cultivation

Screening of sweet glutinous maize materials with low-Cd accumulation in grains

LI Shu-jun, FU Zhong-jun, QI Zhi-yun, YUAN Liang

2024, 63(7):  1-5.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.001

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In order to screen the sweet glutinous maize （Zea mays L.） with low-Cd accumulation in grains under different soil cadmium concentrations stress, a pot experiment was conducted to study the difference of the Cd accumulation in grains by 45 sweet glutinous maize materials. 2 soil cadmium concentrations were set, namely C1 （1.3 mg/kg）, C2 （3.2 mg/kg）, and the soil without exogenous-Cd was taken as the control （CK）. The results showed that the Cd concentrations in sweet glutinous maize grains increased with the increase of Cd concentration in soil, and there were significant differences among the 45 sweet glutinous materials （P<0.01）. The enrichment coefficients of Cd in grains of all maize materials were less than 1 under different Cd concentrations. The cluster analysis showed that 15 materials exhibited grain low-Cd accumulation characteristics under different Cd concentrations, and the Cd contents in the grain of S18, S29, S30, S36 and S44 were lower than the National Food Safety Standard （0.1 mg/kg）. Thus, these 5 materials with low-Cd accumulation in grains could be used as parent materials, providing germplasm resources for the cultivation of Cd-safe varieties in sweet glutinous maize.

Analysis of good productivity and stability of Zhenglv No. 20 based on GGE biplot

WANG Bao-qin, LI Jun-xia, ZHOU Qiu-feng, HUANG Chang-zhi

2024, 63(7):  6-12.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.002

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In the identification test of new mung bean[Vigna radiate （L.） R. Wilczek] varieties in Henan Province in 2019, Zhenglv No. 20 had excellent field traits, good resistance and high yield, and the yield of Zhenglv No. 20 was higher than that of the control variety Zhenglv No. 8 in four test sites. In order to further investigate the high and stable yield of Zhenglv No. 20, the agronomic and yield traits of mung bean from the identification test of new varieties in Henan Province in 2019 were analyzed by GGE biplot, and the variability and correlation of 9 traits of mung bean varieties were analyzed. The results showed that the variation coefficient of main stem branch number, pod number per plant, plant height, and main stem nodes number of Zhenglv No. 20 varied significantly at the experimental sites. The node number on the main stem was significantly positively correlated with the growth period, significantly negatively correlated with yield, and positively correlated with plant height. The yield was positively correlated with the main stem branch number, pods number per plant, pod length and seed number per pod. The results of good productivity and stability showed that Zhenglv No. 20 was a new mung bean variety with a high and stable yield, which was suitable for promotion.

Resource & Environment

Impacts of elevated CO₂ concentration on water use efficiency in cropland ecosystems：A meta-analysis of climate chamber controlled experiments

ZHU Jin-rui, ZOU Jing-ru, ZHAO Guo-qing

2024, 63(7):  13-20.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.003

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21 articles related to climate chamber controlled experiments from 1985 to 2020 were selected to study the effects of elevated CO₂ concentration on water use efficiency（WUE）of the farmland ecosystem by the meta-analysis method. The results showed that under the control of the climate chamber, the increase of CO₂ concentration had a positive impact on water use efficiency （WUE） with an increase ratio of 20%. Furthermore, it had positive and negative effects on carbon accumulation and evapotranspiration with the effects of 34% and -4%, respectively. However, all the responses had significant heterogeneity （P<0.05）. The results also found that the effect of elevated CO₂ concentration on WUE was significantly positively correlated with the effect on carbon accumulation （P<0.05）, but not significantly correlated with the effect on evapotranspiration （P>0.05）. The heterogeneity analysis results indicated that the effect of elevated CO₂ concentration on WUE was significantly different among various crops, and the effect on soybean and tomato was significantly higher than that on wheat （P<0.05）. Moreover, the effect of elevated CO₂ concentration on WUE was significantly correlated with light intensity, temperature and soil relative water content （P<0.05）, among which, there was a negative correlation with light intensity, a positive correlation with temperature and soil water content, but no significant correlation with CO₂ enrichment.

Research progress on biotransformation of selenium in tea

LI Quan, CHEN Yi, LIU Li, ZHENG Wei, WANG Wen-ao, DONG Yu-jie, HAO Han-zhou

2024, 63(7):  21-26.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.004

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Increasing the selenium content in tea by biotransformation was of great significance for improving the quality and efficiency of Chinese tea industry and improving the “hidden hunger” of human beings for selenium. The existing literature was systematically combed from the aspects of the content and forms of selenium in soil and tea, the technical standards related to selenium, and the technology of biotransformation of selenium in tea. The artificial selenium enrichment methods of tea were summarized, including application of selenium fertilizer in soil , foliar spraying of selenium fertilizer, application of nano-selenium technology, application of microbial selenium enrichment, and transgenic selenium enrichment technology, etc. Finally, a preliminary prospect and reflection on the research in this field was made. In the future, it was necessary to use quantitative trait loci and other research methods to explore the absorption, transformation and accumulation mechanism of selenium in tea trees, explore new methods for preparing nano-selenium, and strengthen the standardization system construction of selenium-enriched tea.

The relationship between ecosystem services value and spatial and temporal changes of land use in Taihang Mountains from 1985 to 2020

MA Qing-qing, JING Hai-tao, LIU Qi, WANG Lei

2024, 63(7):  27-35.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.005

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The spatial and temporal changes of land use in the Taihang Mountains were analyzed based on the land use data from 1985 to 2020. Based on the economic statistical data, the value of ecosystem services in the Taihang Mountains was evaluated, and its spatial and temporal characteristics were analyzed by the equivalent factor method. The relationship between ecosystem service value and land use type change was explored by the grey correlation method. The results showed that the dominant land use type in Taihang Mountains area shifted from 1985 to 2020, the dominant land use type in 1985 was grassland, and the dominant land use types in 2020 were arable land, grassland and forest land, respectively. From 1985 to 2020, the value of ecosystem services in the Taihang Mountains showed a decreasing trend, with a total decrease of 19.057 billion yuan, including a reduction of 54.367 billion yuan in the value of grassland ecosystem services. In terms of spatial distribution, the value of ecosystem services in the Taihang Mountains showed a spatial distribution characteristic of “high in the middle and low around”, with high value of ecosystem services in the central high-altitude areas of Taihang Mountains and relatively low value of ecosystem services in the surrounding low-altitude areas. The grey correlation degree between each land use type and the total value of ecosystem services in Taihang Mountain area from small to large was forest land, cultivated land, grassland, unused land, wetland and water body, and the grey correlation degree of the three former was 0.84,0.83 and 0.82 respectively, which was much larger than that of the other three land use types, indicating that the value of ecosystem services was most affected by forest land, cultivated land and grassland. Relevant government departments should effectively protect basic farmland and improve the quality of arable land in the study area, strengthen the conservation of forests in the study area, build an excellent ecological environment, and establish a good compensation mechanism for regional ecological and environmental management.

Spatial and temporal evolution and obstacle factors of ecological livability level in Wuling Mountain area

DENG Ming-rong, HE Bi-hu, ZHANG He-li, ZHU Shen-hai

2024, 63(7):  36-47.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.006

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Wuling Mountain area was selected as the research object, and 22 indicators were selected to construct the evaluation index system of the ecological livability level of Wuling Mountain area from the four aspects of economic construction level, ecological development level, social service and security, residents' life and cultural environment. The spatial-temporal evolution law of ecological livability level in Wuling Mountain area from 2013 to 2021 was explored by the entropy weight method and TOPSIS model, combined with ArcGIS for visual analysis. In addition, the main obstacle factors were analyzed by the obstacle factor diagnosis model. The results showed that, from 2013 to 2021, the ecological livability level of Wuling Mountain area showed a dynamic change trend of first decreasing, then increasing and decreasing again. Among them, the ecological livability level of Enshi Prefecture, Qianjiang District and Tongren City showed an upward trend; the ecological livability level of Huaihua City and Xiangxi Prefecture showed a “V” curve change with time, and the overall trend was downward; the ecological livability level of Zhangjiajie City continued to decline. The regional ecological livability level showed a downward trend in the east and central-southern regions, and the concentrated areas with high ecological livability level shifted from the east in 2013 to the northwest in 2021. From the perspective of obstacle factor analysis, the obstacle degree of the first-level index of ecological livability level in Wuling Mountain area from large to small was economic construction level, residents' life and cultural environment, social service and security, and ecological development level. The five main obstacle factors were per capita local fiscal general budget revenue, number of schools per 10 000 people, highway mileage per 10 000 people, total fixed asset investment per capita, and the proportion of the tertiary industry in GDP.

Changes of available cadmium and organic carbon in cadmium contaminated paddy soil through application of iron-based biochar

LI Ting-ting, ZHENG Fu-hai, ZHANG Jun-hui, YU Yue-feng, HU Jun-ming, LIANG Gan-ming, LIN Yong-chang, HUANG Liu-ying

2024, 63(7):  48-52.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.007

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In order to meet the practical needs of reducing pollution and fixing carbon in cadmium polluted rice fields, iron-based biochar was selected as the research object. Through field experiments, soil and rice grain samples were collected, and the soil available cadmium contents, organic carbon contents, and rice grain cadmium concentrations and their correlation were analyzed. The results showed that compared to the control, iron-based biochar reduced the effective cadmium content in paddy soil by 11.98%~28.71%, increased soil organic carbon content by 3.66%~12.88%, and reduced the cadmium content in rice grains by 4.16%~63.58%. There was a highly significant negative correlation （P<0.01） between soil available cadmium and organic carbon content, and a highly significant positive correlation （P<0.01） between soil available cadmium and rice grain cadmium content. Therefore, iron-based biochar was beneficial for achieving cadmium reduction and carbon sequestration in rice fields contaminated with cadmium.

Distribution characteristics and pollution assessment of heavy metals and nutrients in sediments of Xiliang Lake

ZHOU Da-liang, LI Bo-lin, ZENG Qiang, HU Hong-juan, WU Chen-xi

2024, 63(7):  53-59.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.008

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Taking Xiliang Lake as the research object, the pollution of heavy metal elements was evaluated by the geo-accumulation index method and the potential ecological risk index method, and the pollution of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter was evaluated by the comprehensive pollution index method and the organic pollution index method. The results showed that the overall level of heavy metal pollution in the sediment of Xiliang Lake was relatively low, and the spatial distribution of Cu, Zn, As and Hg heavy metal elements was similar. A few points showed moderate or severe pollution of Cd, Ni and Hg elements, which was attributed to aquaculture feed and transportation. In the assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the sediment of Xiliang Lake, it was found that phosphorus pollution was relatively low, with a moderate pollution level at 80% of the points; the nitrogen pollution situation was severe, and all points had reached severe pollution. All points in the comprehensive evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorus elements had reached severe pollution. The evaluation results of the organic pollution index method showed that the organic pollution index at all points was greater than 0.5, reaching the level of severe pollution. Based on the evaluation results of nitrogen and phosphorus elements, the external pollution was attributed to the nutrient input caused by the excessive development of fisheries in Xiliang Lake.

Plant Protection

Determination of the resistance level of Echinochloa crusgalli populations to amide herbicides and the physiological and biochemical mechanism of acetochlor resistance

JIA Yan, LUO Yan-zheng, ZHANG Tian-yi, ZHANG Lin, YE Na, LIU Xue-mei, WANG Xue-gui

2024, 63(7):  60-66.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.009

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The resistance level of Echinochloa crusgalli population to 4 amide herbicides and the physiological response of 3 representative Echinochloa crusgalli populations to acetochlor stress in Chengdu Plain were measured by pot method. The results showed that in 2018 and 2019, the resistance index （RI） of Echinochloa crusgalli in Chengdu Plain rice area was 12.37~16.46 and 16.15~21.86, respectively. The levels of resistance to metolachlor were low or medium, and RI were 9.41~10.44 and 9.69~10.98, respectively. The resistance levels to butachlor were low, RI were 3.74~4.59 and 4.55~5.16, respectively. The Echinochloa crusgalli population was sensitive or low resistant to P-benthiaclachlor, with RI of 2.45~3.79 and 2.73~3.98, respectively. The physiological parameters of the actual light quantum yield, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of resistant and sensitive populations showed a downward trend under acetochlor stress. The activities of glutathione S-transferase （GSTs） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） decreased gradually, and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） showed an upward trend, but the damage of resistant Echinochloa crusgalli population was significantly lower than that of sensitive population. Therefore, Echinochloa crusgalli population tested in Chengdu Plain rice area was still sensitive to medium level of resistance to common amide herbicides, and the increase of GSTs activity was the main reason for the metabolic resistance of Echinochloa crusgalli to acetochlor.

Identification of new pathogen of walnut black spot disease in Shaanxi Province and screening of laboratory agents

LEI Qiong, LIN Xin, WANG Wen-jun, QU Jia-nan, ZHANG Zhi-you

2024, 63(7):  67-71.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.010

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The pathogenic bacteria of black spot disease on the diseased leaves of Juglans regia ‘Robert Livermore' were isolated, and the pathogenic bacteria were identified by Koch's test, and the status of the pathogenic bacteria in taxonomy was determined by pathogen biochemical tests and molecular biology techniques. The results showed that 23 bacterial strains with the consistent colony morphology were isolated from the diseased leaves of the red kernel walnut in the field, and Koch's tieback test was performed on randomly selected strains to cause the disease of red kernel walnut leaves. Through physiological and biochemical phenotype tests, combined with multi-site sequence analysis based on 16S rDNA, gyrB and rpoD gene sequences, the pathogen was identified as Pseudomonas amygdali. Then 12 kinds of agents were tested for indoor toxicity, and 6 agents having an obvious inhibitory effect on the pathogen were screened out. Among them, tetramycin had the best bacteriostatic effect, with an EC₅₀ of 50.353 4 μg/mL, and the bacteriostatic effect of other agents was zhongshengmycin > kasugamycin > thiodiazole-copper > thiazole zinc > copper hydroxide.

Horticulture & Local Products

Regulation of sugar accumulation at different segments of sugarcane by the yield and sugar-enhancing agent

ZHOU Hui-wen, WU Jian-ming, LIANG Rong-zhen, FAN Ye-geng, QIU Li-hang, YAN Hai-feng, DENG Yu-chi, ZHOU Zhong-feng, LI Yan-jiao, CHEN Rong-fa

2024, 63(7):  72-77.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.011

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Using GT58 sugarcane varieties as experimental materials, the foliar spray was applied with clear water as the control（CK）, and the self-developed yield and sugar-enhancing agent was used for foliar spraying. The changes of sugar accumulation in the upper, middle and lower nodes were analyzed under natural conditions and under spraying yield and sugar enhancers treatment. The results showed that under natural conditions, the sugar content in the lower segments reached 7.05% at the 7th to 8th nodes, and 13.24% at the 20th to 22nd nodes, with an accumulation period of 100 to 110 days; the sugar content in the middle segments was 6.85% at the 11th to 13th nodes and increased to 13.24% at the 20th to 22nd nodes, with an accumulation period of 50 to 60 days; in the upper segments, the sugar content was 4.16% at the 16th to 18th nodes and reached 13.15% at the 23rd to 25th nodes, accumulating over 30 to 40 days. Sugar accumulation from the 11th to 22nd nodes accounted for 63.9% of the total accumulation during the growth of internodes. After spraying the yield and sugar-enhancing agent, the sugar content in the upper, middle, and lower segments during the T₁ （11th to 13th node） to T₂ （16th to 18th node） period was lower than that of the control; however, by the T₃ （20th to 22nd node） period, the sugar content in the upper segments was significantly higher than the control, while the differences in the middle and lower segments were not significant. By the T₄ （23rd to 25th node） period, the sugar content in the upper, middle, and lower segments had increased by 0.96, 1.04, and 0.93 percentage points, respectively, compared to the control.

Effects of methyl jasmonate on the physiology and biochemistry of seedlings leaves from Camellia Oleifera

JIANG Yao, CHEN Wen-bo, LEI Zhi-min

2024, 63(7):  78-82.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.012

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To investigate the effects of spraying methyl jasmonate on the physiology and biochemistry of oil tea（Camellia oleifera） seedling leaves, 2-year-old grafted seedlings of four main oil tea varieties from Tianzhu County, Guizhou Province, including Xianglin No. 27, Xianglin No. 36, Changlin No. 3 and Changlin No. 4, were used as study materials. Six different concentrations （0, 100, 300, 600, 1 000, 1 500 μmol/L） of methyl jasmonate were used to determine the activity of antioxidant enzymes, soluble protein, soluble sugar and other 7 physiological indexes in the leaves of 4 oil tea varieties. The results showed that 100 μmol/L methyl jasmonate spraying treatment was conducive to increase the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase, effectively reducing malondialdehyde content, and increase the content of soluble proteins, soluble sugars and free proline in the leaves of oil tea seedlings.

Effects of different plant growth retardants on agronomic characters of cut sunflower

LIU Ming, LIANG Jun-ping, ZHANG Di, HE Huan

2024, 63(7):  83-86.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.013

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The cut sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.） variety Paladin was used as the experimental material, and 80 mg/L polybulobulozole, 200 mg/L macrobutenol, 100 mg/L acetanilide, 20 mg/L enlobulobulozole and 800 mg/L butohydrazide were applied on the leaf surface with water as the control. After reaching harvest maturity, stem, leaf and flower characters of the cut sunflower were measured under different treatment conditions. The results showed that, compared with CK, each treatment reduced plant height, center of gravity, leaf area and petiole length to varying degrees, and increased stem ratio, leaf thickness, chlorophyll content and flower-to-total mass ratio. The flower plate diameter and stem diameter of 80 mg/L polybulobuzole treatment increased by 13.4% and 37.4%, and the flower plate diameter and stem diameter of 20 mg/L enlobuzole treatment increased by 7.3% and 17.3%, which improved the quality of cut flowers. Plant growth retarder could reduce plant height, decrease center of gravity, increase stem ratio, shorten petiole, shrink and thicken leaves, increase chlorophyll content and improve cut flower quality, among which the comprehensive effects of polybulobuzole and tenbulobuzole treatment were better.

Effects of light qualities on physiological characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities of alfalfa seedlings

LIU Nai-sen, LIU Fu-xia, GUO Jing-yu, WANG Xu-qi

2024, 63(7):  87-91.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.014

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The effects of different light qualities [red light, blue light, red-blue mixed light, white light （CK）] on the physiological characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities of alfalfa sprouts were studied. The results showed that the soluble sugar content was significantly increased under red light, while blue light and red-blue mixed light reduced the soluble sugar content. The soluble protein content, root activity and peroxidase（POD） activity with blue light were significantly higher than those of other light quality treatments. Compared with other light quality treatments, the vitamin C content and chlorophyll content with red-blue mixed light were the highest, and the determination coefficient R² of the fitting equation of chlorophyll content and fresh weight per 100 plants was 0.930 9. There was no significant difference in superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity between different light quality treatments. The vitamin C content per 100 plants and the soluble protein content per 100 plants with red-blue mixed light were higher. Red-blue mixed light was a better light source for supplementing light in the production of alfalfa seedlings.

Water demand regulation of pressed sand melon based on different drip irrigation quotas

PANG Ting-ting, CHEN Xing-yi, ZHANG Ze-jin, DAI Pei-jian, ZHANG Lei

2024, 63(7):  92-97.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.015

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Under the conditions of the field experiment, a randomized block design was adopted, and the irrigation quota was set to four treatments： High water 600 m³/hm²（A1）, medium water 450 m³/hm²（A2）, medium water 300 m³/hm²（A3）, low water 150 m³/hm²（A4） and one control without irrigation （CK）. The soil moisture content, crop coefficient, yield, water use efficiency and water demand regulation were studied in the field of pressed sand melon under different irrigation quotas. The results showed that soil moisture content, water consumption and yield increased with the increase of irrigation quota. The soil moisture content of 0~40 cm soil layer was the highest under A1 treatment, and the lowest under CK treatment. Comparing soil moisture content in different soil layers, the fluctuation of 0~10 cm was the most obvious, the fluctuation of 10~20 cm and 20~30 cm was the second, and the fluctuation of 30~40 cm was the least; water consumption at different growth stages under different treatments was manifested as fruit expansion stage>flowering and fruit-setting stage>extension stage> seedling stage> maturity stage, the daily water consumption was flowering and fruiting stage>fruit expansion stage> extension stage > seedling stage > maturity stage; the crop coefficient of each growth stage was flowering and fruit-setting stage > fruit expansion stage > extension stage > seedling stage > maturity stage. The water use efficiency increased with the increase of irrigation quota within a certain range, but the water use efficiency decreased when the irrigation amount was too high. Medium water treatment A2 had the highest water utilization efficiency, and the water resources were fully utilized. In consideration of water saving, water use efficiency and economic value, medium water treatment A2（450 m³/hm²） was the most suitable irrigation quota.

The effect of different passivation agents on the accumulation of heavy metals in Morchella

LI Lang, WU Ke-hua, LIU Ni, WU Ying-hai, YANG Chao

2024, 63(7):  98-104.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.016

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A deactivator was applied to the soil of Morchella cultivation in the experimental site, and the changes in soil pH, total nitrogen and protein content, total potassium content, and Pb and Cd content before and after the growth of Morchella were analyzed, the effects of different treatments on the total nitrogen and protein content, total potassium, and the absorption of heavy metal Pb and Cd in Morchella were compared. The results indicated that, compared with no passivation agent, all treatments could increase soil pH. With the increase of the content of quicklime and hydroxyapatite, the soil pH increased by 0.15%~17.17% and 8.05%~14.89% respectively compared to the control. The soil treated with quicklime and sepiolite showed a certain degree of increase in total nitrogen and protein content, but the soil treated with organic bentonite and hydroxyapatite had no significant effect on total nitrogen and protein content. After adding a deactivator, the total nitrogen content of Morchella slightly increased compared to when no deactivator was added, but the increase was not significant. Compared with CK, the total potassium in the soil slightly increased after the application of the additive, but the change was not significant; the passivation agent had little effect on the total potassium content of Morchella. Whether before or after the growth of Morchella, the addition of four deactivators, namely quicklime, hydroxyapatite,sepiolite, and organic bentonite, could reduce the content of Pb and Cd in soil. When the addition of four deactivators was 0.016%, the total Pb content in the soil before the growth of Morchella decreased by 91.84%, 91.24%, 76.94% and 10.32% compared to the control. The effect of soil treated with passivators on the Pb of Morchella was more significant than that of Cd. The comprehensive analysis indicated that the application of four additives could greatly reduce soil Pb and Cd and effectively control the enrichment of Pb and Cd by Morchella, while having little effect on conventional soil physical and chemical indicators. The four additives had certain application value for the control of soil heavy metal pollution in the cultivation area of Morchella.

Efficacy comparison of ten essential oils of aromatic southern medicines on the inhibition of fungal growth and mycotoxin accumulation

LIANG Huan-yan, QIU Shu-fang, XIAN Meng-ting, ZHOU Ya-kui, ZHAO Xiang-sheng

2024, 63(7):  105-109.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.017

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The efficacy comparison of ten essential oils on the inhibition of fungal growth and mycotoxin accumulation was carried out to provide reference for the development of green and efficient bacteriostatic agents. The essential oils were extracted by steam distillation method and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Fumigation was used to test the inhibition on Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger of essential oils. Aflatoxin B₁ （AFB₁） and ochratoxin A （OTA） were determined by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）. The results showed that, significant differences were found in the antifungal and antitoxin accumulation effects of ten essential oils. Cinnamon oil could completely inhibit the growth of A. flavus, A. niger and mycotoxins accumulation, while essential oils of Cymbopogon nardus, Dalbergia odorifera, Pogostemon cablin and Eugenia cayophyllata could inhibit the growth of the two fungi and mycotoxins. However, the antifungal effect of other essential oils was not significant. Methyl eugenol, patchouli alcohol, citral, cinnamaldehyde, trans-nerolidol and its oxides might be the components that exerted antifungal effects. Fragrance essential oils had the potential to be developed as green preservatives.

Yield grading and yield increasing measures of safflower in Xinjiang

MENG Jing-yi, ZHANG Wen-tai, HU Gui-qing, WANG Li, GENG Qing-yun, WANG Xiu-zhen

2024, 63(7):  110-114.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.018

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Using the data of safflower grain yield in China and the world downloaded from the official website of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the growth index, yield and effect of increasing measures of safflower in Xinjiang were investigated by means of literature integration analysis. The results showed that the average plant height, stem thickness, branch height, and fruit ball diameter of Xinjiang safflower were 88.97, 1.58, 36.45, 2.50 cm, respectively. The average number of fruit balls per plant was 15.71, the average thousand grain weight was 43.61 g, and the filament yield was 152.00~1 350.00 kg/hm², with an average value of 421.06 kg/hm². The grain yield was 540.00~2 913.00 kg/hm², with an average value of 1 699.35 kg/hm². The correlation analysis showed that there were varying degrees of correlation between safflower silk yield and various growth indicators, and there was no significant correlation between grain yield. The average global and Chinese safflower grain yields from 2016 to 2021 were 949.4 kg/hm² and 1 458.5 kg/hm², respectively. Grain yields above 1 800 kg/hm² were used as high-yield fields, 1 350~1 800 kg/hm² were used as medium high-yield fields, 900~1 350 kg/hm² were used as middle yield fields, and below 900 kg/hm² were used as low yield fields. Reasonable measures such as dense planting, irrigation and fertilization could all increase safflower yield. Properly increasing planting density could increase yield by 31% to 54%, reasonable irrigation could increase yield by 33% to 92%, and reasonable fertilization could increase yield by about 1 times. The yield variation of safflower in Xinjiang was large, so it was necessary to further explore the cultivation technology system for the high and stable yield of safflower.

Grading standard for Litsea cubeba seedlings

XIAO Ni-jie, FAN Jin-shun, DENG Li-li, WEI Xiao, SHI Yan-cai

2024, 63(7):  115-119.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.019

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In order to promote the high-quality and standardized development production of Litsea cubeba （Lour.） Pers., 50 seedlings were randomly selected for investigation. Correlation analysis was used to determine the grading index of Litsea cubeba （Lour.） Pers., and the grading standard of Litsea cubeba （Lour.） Pers. seedlings was calculated by gradual clustering analysis. The results showed that plant base diameter and plant height were used as the quality grading indexes of Litsea cubeba （Lour.） Pers. seedlings, and the grading standard was obtained. Grade I seedlings： Plant base diameter ≥ 8.75 mm, plant height ≥ 83.8 cm; Grade II seedlings： 6.28 mm ≤ plant base diameter < 8.75 mm, 69.6 cm ≤ plant height < 83.8 cm; Grade III seedlings （unqualified seedlings）： Plant base diameter < 6.28 mm, plant height < 69.6 cm. Among the 50 Litsea cubeba （Lour.） Pers. seedlings extracted, 28% were grade I and II （qualified seedlings） and 72% were grade III （unqualified seedlings）.

Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

Hyperspectral prediction of amino acid content in Yunling marbled beef

LUO Shuang, YANG Lin-nan, ZHANG Li-lian, PENG Lin, LI Pei-shan, GAO Lu-tao

2024, 63(7):  120-128.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.020

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A method for non-destructive and rapid determination of the amino acid content of Yunling marbled beef based on hyperspectral imaging technology combined with machine learning was introduced. Hyperspectral data were collected in the 400~1 000 nm and 900~2 500 nm bands for 100 groups of marbled beef from five grades of Yunling cattle. The JJG1064-2011 standard amino acid analyzer was used to measure the content of 17 amino acids in the sample. The first-order difference （1st Derivative, D1） was used for hyperspectral data preprocessing, and the Successive projection algorithm （SPA） was used for feature band extraction. Five methods including Decision trees （Decision trees）, Support vector machine （SVM）, Ridge regression （Ridge regression）, Partial least squares regression （PLSR） and Convolutional neural network （CNN） were used for predicting amino acid content. Experimental results showed that the CNN model combined with D1 preprocessing and SPA feature extraction performed best in predicting amino acid content, with mean squared error （MSE） of 0.010 3, mean absolute error （MAE） of 0.082 2, and the coefficient of determination （R²） of 0.898 5.

The effect of mixed feed of different proportions of bran and tofu residue on the growth characteristics of Hermetia illucens larvas

ZHANG Hao-yang, WEN Yi-qiang, QU Jun-peng, NAN Song-jian

2024, 63(7):  129-133.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.021

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1 500 4-day-old Hermetia Illucens larvas were randomly selected and evenly divided them into 5 treatments： G1 group （100% bran）, G2 group （75% bran+25% tofu residue）, G3 group （50% bran+50% tofu residue）, G4 group （25% bran+75% tofu residue）, and G5 group （100% tofu residue）. Weight, length, and projected area were measured daily. The results showed that the G2 group Hermetia illucens larvas had the highest body weight and was significantly different from other groups （P<0.05）; the body length of Hermetia illucens larvas in G1 and G2 groups was longer, and its body length was significantly larger than that of other groups;the projection area of Hermetia Illucens larvas in Group G3 was the largest, followed by Group G2 and Group G1; the feed utilization rate was highest in the G2 and G3 groups. From the growth curve, it could be seen that most groups of Hermetia illucens Larvas underwent three stages of slow growth, rapid growth, and gentle growth;from the three indicators of weight, body length, and projection area, the G2 group had the characteristics of short delay period and long rapid growth period, with overall good performance at harvest, while the G5 group had poor overall performance. In summary, using a mixture of 75% bran and 25% tofu residue as feed was beneficial for the growth and development of Hermetia Illucens larvas, and this group had the highest feed conversion rate.

Isolation, identification and whole genome sequence analysis of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus variant strain

LIU Xi, JIA Xiang-chao, LI Chen-xi, LI Zi-li

2024, 63(7):  134-140.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.022

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PED was suspected to have occurred in a pig farm in Jiangsu Province, and after collection of disease material, PEDV was tested positive by RT-PCR. Virus-infected Vero cells were able to cause significant cytopathic changes, and the immunofluorescence results showed that the virus-infected cells could be recognized by a specific monoclonal antibody against PEDV N protein. Through whole genome sequence analysis, this strain was identified as a PEDV G2b subtype variant and designated PEDV JS-B strain.

Storage & Processing

Optimization of extraction of luteolin from millet pepper by response surface methodology

XIE Jun-quan, FENG Qing-ling, XIE Yong-wu

2024, 63(7):  141-146.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.023

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With millet pepper as raw material, ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used to extract luteolin, and the extraction rate of luteolin was used as the index. The effects of material to liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, extraction time and extraction temperature on the extraction rate of luteolin were investigated through single factor experiment, and the process was optimized by the response surface analysis method. The results showed that the optimum extraction condition of luteolin from millet pepper was extraction temperature of 52.3 ℃, material to liquid ratio of 1∶50, ethanol concentration of 97%, and extraction time of 20 min. Under this extraction condition, the extraction rate was 1.641%, with a deviation of -0.061% compared with the theoretical value. The antibacterial activity of luteolin was tested by the Oxford cup method. The results showed that luteolin extract had a bacteriostatic effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, but had no bacteriostatic effect on Escherichia coli.

Optimizations of fermentation of Bacillus coagulans

HE Jun-feng, LU Jia-kang, CHEN Xiong, WANG Zhi

2024, 63(7):  147-153.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.024

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In order to improve the growth efficiency of Bacillus coagulans, the effects of the appropriate carbon source, temperature, vitamin content, pH and oxidation stress in fermentation process on the growth and metabolism of Bacillus coagulans were investigated at the shaking flask and bioreactor level, and the fermentation medium was obtained. The optimum culture conditions in 30 L bioreactor were as follows： fermentation temperature was at 40 ℃, initial pH was 6.2~6.5, pH was controlled at 5.5 via the automatic addition of ammonia solution at 9~14 h during the culture process, control was stopped after pH above 5.5, and cysteine was added at a rate of 4.1 mg/（L·h） during the whole process. Under these conditions, the fermentation biomass reached 1.9×10¹⁰ CFU/mL at 13 h, which was 363.4% higher than that of the control, and the cell growth efficiency was 1.5×10⁹ CFU/（mL·h）, which was 305.4% higher than that of the control. It significantly increased the biomass and shortened the fermentation period, which provided an important reference for the industrial production of Bacillus coagulans.

Study on the morphology and composition of potato starch in Tibet

GUO Xiao-qing, XIE He-bing, YANG Lin, NIMA Ci-ren, BAIMA Dan-zeng

2024, 63(7):  154-157.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.025

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The particle size distribution, microscopic particle morphology and amylose and amylopectin contents of potato starch from different producing areas in Tibet were determined by particle size distribution instrument, scanning electron microscope and ultraviolet dual wavelength method, and compared with the commercial potato starch and those of potato starch from different producing areas in China's mainland. The results showed that the particle size and micromorphology of potato starch in Tibet were not significantly different from those in the market and the mainland. The average amylose content of Tibetan potato starch was 36.73% and the average amylopectin content was 45.87%. The average amylose content of commercial potato starch was 30.76% and the average amylopectin content was 49.94%. The average amylose content of potato starch in China's mainland was 31.73%, and the average amylopectin content was 46.80%. Compared with the potato starch in the market and China's mainland, the amylose content of potato starch in Tibet was significantly increased （P<0.001）, and the content of amylopectin was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The composition of potato starch in Tibet was significantly different from that in the market and China's mainland, which provided an experimental basis for the high-value development of potato starch in Tibet.

Detection Analysis

Determination and evaluation of inorganic elements content in Platycladus orientalis leaves from different regions

CHENG Fen, YANG Chang-hua, SONG Yan-li, DU Bei, HU Ben-xiang

2024, 63(7):  158-164.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.026

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The content of inorganic elements in Platycladus orientalis leaves from different regions was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, and methodological validation was carried out. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were conducted using SPSS software to evaluate the characteristic elements. The results indicated that the linear relationship between the 26 elements in the standard sample was good,with correlation coefficient （R²） ≥0 995 3,the detection limit of each element was between 0.002 0 and 4.222 6 ng/mL,precision, stability, and repeatability met the requirements,and the average sample recovery rate of each element ranged from 84.1% to 12.3.6%, with a relative standard deviation of 0.7% to 4.5%;24 inorganic elements were detected in 28 batches of Platycladus orientalis leaves samples, with significant differences in content,among them, the content of K, Ca, and Mg in the Platycladus orientalis leaves sample exceeded 1 000 mg/kg, and the content of Cd, As, Hg, and Cu were all within the limit range specified in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China： volume Ⅰ. The Pb content ranged from 0.602 to 9.337 mg/kg, with 6 batches of Platycladus orientalis leaves exceeding the limit;principal component analysis showed that Fe, Ti, Ca, Ni, Al, Mn, Zn, and K were the main characteristic elements of Platycladus orientalis leaves;cluster analysis showed that production areas with similar geographical locations could be well clustered together, indicating that there were obvious regional characteristics in the content of inorganic elements in Platycladus orientalis leaves. The established method was easy to operate, fast in analysis speed, and highly sensitive, and could be used for the determination of inorganic elements content in Platycladus orientalis leaves.

Analysis of differences in volatile components of cut tobacco before and after pest infestation based on electronic nose technology

SHI Jiang-wei, WANG Xiao-sa, LIU Pu-ming, KUANG Ying, YANG Yi-chen, LIU Meng-long, ZHANG Chu-an

2024, 63(7):  165-170.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.027

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In response to the problems of incomplete detection technology and unreliable detection results for Lasioderma serricorne in Nicotiana tabacum L.,based on the results of electronic nose detection, the data results were analyzed using principal component analysis （PCA） and loading analysis. The results showed that the main volatile substances of the four cut tobacco were sulfur compounds, short-chain alkanes, alcohol ether aldehydes and ketones, small molecule nitrogen oxides, etc. The main volatile substances of insect like and sex hormones were small molecule nitrogen oxides and sulfides.After being damaged by insects, the sulfur compounds in cut tobacco decreased significantly. In the sensor（W1W） sensitive to inorganic sulfides, the response value of strong aroma insect cut tobacco decreased by 48.33% compared to strong aroma cut tobacco, and light aroma insect cut tobacco decreased by 59.48% compared to light aroma cut tobacco;in the sensor （W2W） sensitive to organic sulfides, the response value of the strong aroma pest cut tobacco decreased by 35.72% compared to the strong aroma cut tobacco, and the light aroma pest cut tobacco decreased by 48.55% compared to the light aroma cut tobacco. The PCA results showed that the four cut tobacco samples exhibited excellent discrimination, with almost no difference in principal component 1, which accounted for 99.70%, between female and male samples. The loading analysis results showed that the main odor component in the cut tobacco sample was sulfur compounds, while the main odor component in the tobacco beetle sample was small molecule nitrogen oxides, followed by sulfur compounds.

Simultaneous determination of organic acids and VC content in fruits and vegetables using high performance liquid chromatography

LI Hong-yan, LI Li-mei, QIAN Xun, ZHANG Jia-kun, ZHENG Zhen-shan, CHEN Yong-da

2024, 63(7):  171-175.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.028

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Using a 1% oxalic acid （containing 10% methanol） solution to extract organic acids （tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid） and VC from fruits and vegetables,the chromatographic column was InertSustain C18 （250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）, with 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as mobile phase A and methanol as mobile phase B, gradient elution, injection volume of 20 μL, column temperature of 30 ℃, and flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The content of 5 organic acids and was detected VC at wavelengths of 210 nm and 254 nm, respectively. The results showed that the method had a good linear relationship within the standard curve range, with correlation coefficients （R²） all greater than 0.999 0, detection limits of 0.01~0.90 μg/mL, quantification limits of 0.15~5.00 μg/mL, relative standard deviation of 2.40%~3.75%, and recovery rates of 86.4%~115.2%;this method had the advantages of fast analysis speed, high sensitivity, good repeatability, and high efficiency, and could be used for the determination of organic acids and VC content in fruits and vegetables.

Economy & Management

Spatial-temporal characteristics and obstacle factors of coupling coordination between agricultural water resources security and food security in China

GAO Hong-ming, FAN Fan

2024, 63(7):  176-184.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.029

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Based on the provincial panel data from 2008 to 2022, the CRITIC weight, coupling coordination degree, Moran index and obstacle degree model were used to analyze the agricultural water resources security and food security of 31 provinces in China. The results showed that the level of agricultural water resources security was high and the wave was large. The overall level of food security was not high, with a large increase in 2008—2016 and a small increase in 2017—2022, both showing an upward trend. The spatial pattern was not balanced. The agricultural water resources security presented the spatial characteristics of the eastern and central regions > the whole country > the western and northeast regions, and the food security presented the overall situation of northeast > central region > eastern region > the whole country > western region. Agricultural water resources security and food security were generally at a high level of coupling. The coordination level of agricultural water resources security and food security in each province was rising steadily, but the development of coupling level was not balanced, showing the highest in the central region, close to the eastern region, northeastern and the whole country, and the lowest in the western region. There was a significant positive spatial correlation between the coupling coordination degree of agricultural water resources security and food security in China. Most provinces were distributed in the high-high and low-low quadrants, and the coupling coordination degree of most provinces showed positive spatial correlation characteristics. The agricultural water resources security and food security in different regions were limited by the differences in local conditions. The total industrial water consumption and per capita water resources were the main common obstacles to agricultural water resources security. Road density, sown area of grain crops and freight carrying capacity were the main common obstacles to food security.

Study on regional fairness of water for grain production in China from the perspective of water footprint

ZHANG Yu-ning, WU Zhao-dan

2024, 63(7):  185-191.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.030

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From the perspective of water footprint, four indicators of economic added value,opportunity cost, cultivated land area and water resource endowment were selected from both economy and resource aspects. With the help of Gini coefficient, the fairness evaluation model was systematically constructed to study the fairness of water for grain production in China from 2015 to 2020. The results showed that from the perspective of time dimension, the overall situation of water for grain production in China was in the state of “absolute fairness”from 2015 to 2020, and water resource endowment would be the main factor restricting the fairness of water for grain production in China in the future. From the perspective of spatial dimension, most provinces （municipalities and autonomous regions） in China belonged to low unfairness areas. High unfairness provinces（municipalities and autonomous regions） were mainly located in the western and northern regions of China. Based on this, suggestions were put forward to improve regional fairness of water use for grain production in China and alleviate regional water pressure, such as establishing a scientific and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism, pushing cross-regional water planning cooperation, optimizing the industrial structure according to local conditions and promoting the scientific management and protection of the “two districts”.

Analysis of regional difference and spatial convergence of corn water efficiency in Yellow River ecological economic belt：Based on the perspective of environmental regulation

PENG Xiao-dan, KONG Ling-cheng

2024, 63(7):  192-199.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.031

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Based on the perspective of environmental regulation, the carbon emission, non-point source pollution, and grey water footprint were included in the ultra-efficiency SBM model to measure the water efficiency of corn in prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River ecological economic belt from 2011 to 2020, and the regional differences and spatial convergence were analyzed by using Dagum Gini coefficient and spatial Durbin model. The results showed the overall corn water efficiency improved significantly during the sample period, and technological progress was the main driving force; the overall and internal regional gap was gradually expanding, and the changes between regional differences were consistent; there was a significant spatial spillover effect and β convergence trend, but the significant effect of related variables convergence had heterogeneity. Based on this, in order to further improve the corn water efficiency and optimize the spatial layout in the Yellow River ecological economic belt under environmental regulation on the whole, some suggestions of strengthening dynamic testing, implementing water-saving rules, promoting regional coordination, carrying out comprehensive remediation, increasing technical investment and guiding multi-party coordination were put forward.

Consumer evaluation of the origin image of Xinjiang's agricultural and sideline food

Muhabaiti Pareti, WANG Kun

2024, 63(7):  200-205.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.032

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An indicator system was constructed from four dimensions：raw material production, processing, storage and transportation, and sales of agricultural and sideline food, and the entropy method was used to evaluate the origin image of Xinjiang's agricultural and sideline food. The results showed that consumers had a high evaluation of the origin image of Xinjiang agricultural and sideline food, with a comprehensive score of 93.88 points. Among them, the evaluation of agricultural and sideline food sales was the highest, followed by agricultural and sideline food raw material production and storage and transportation, and the evaluation of agricultural and sideline food processing was relatively low; consumers had the highest evaluation of the sales of agricultural and sideline food, with a comprehensive score of 94.98. Consumers generally believed that Xinjiang's agricultural and sideline food had good taste, rich variety, and good quality at a reasonable price;the evaluation of pollution-free farmland, pollution-free water resources, pollution-free environment, low use of chemical fertilizers, and low use of genetically modified technologies in agricultural and sideline food raw material production was relatively high;the evaluation of good hygiene environment and moderate storage and transportation temperature of equipment in agricultural and sideline food storage and transportation was relatively high;the evaluation of agricultural and sideline food processing was relatively low, and consumers had a high recognition of the nutritional value of Xinjiang agricultural and sideline food. However, further improvement was needed in terms of good hygiene and environment of the processing site, no additives, good reputation of the processing enterprise, distance from pollutants in the processing site, and good processing technology. It was proposed to develop green agriculture, ensure the source of green food, focus on processing links, shape a good image of enterprises, improve the construction of agricultural and sideline food storage and transportation infrastructure, improve logistics level, innovate agricultural and sideline food packaging, and provide good sales services.

Study on influencing factors of food consumption willingness in Xinjiang based on multiple ordered Logistic and ISM model

MUHABAITI Pareti, KANG Jiao-jiao

2024, 63(7):  206-212.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.033

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Based on the survey data of 416 domestic consumers, the influence of consumers on food consumption willingness in Xinjiang was analyzed by constructing multiple ordered Logistic regression model and ISM explanatory structure model. The results showed that consumption willingness was affected by consumers' gender, consumers' cognition and preference to Xinjiang food, consumer's impression of the origin of Xinjiang food raw material production and food sales. Consumers' liking for Xinjiang food was the surface direct influencing factor; consumers' impression of the origin of Xinjiang food raw material production and food sales, and consumers' familiarity with Xinjiang food were the middle indirect influence factors; gender was the deep root factor of consumption willingness. Therefore, it was necessary to strengthen brand building, shape the image of green origin, and promote the sustainable development of food industry in Xinjiang.

Research on spatial differentiation of tourism resources in Suzhou City based on POI big data

XU Lan-tao, CHEN Xue-gang

2024, 63(7):  213-218.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.034

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Taking Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province as the research object, based on the POI data of tourism resources in Suzhou City, this study comprehensively used methods such as kernel density analysis, spatial correlation analysis, and standard deviation ellipse analysis to explore the spatial characteristics of natural resource landscape （climate biological landscape, hydrological landscape） and cultural resource landscape （historical heritage landscape, modern cultural attraction landscape） data.The results showed that the overall spatial distribution of tourism resources in Suzhou City presented a core-edge structure, with Gusu District and Suzhou Industrial Park as the intensity centers and decreasing towards the surrounding areas. The tourism resources in the surrounding urban areas were relatively scattered;the four types of tourism resources, namely climate biological landscape, hydrological landscape, historical heritage landscape, and modern cultural attraction landscape, were mainly distributed in a multi-core manner. Only historical heritage landscapes were distributed in a single core manner, mainly between Gusu District and Suzhou Industrial Park;overall, the spatial correlation of various tourism resources in Suzhou was strong. From the perspective of natural resource landscape to cultural resource landscape, the four types of tourism resources happened to follow a southwest to northeast direction, which was related to the slowly sloping terrain of Suzhou from west to east.

Research on influencing factors and potential of vegetable export trade between China and RCEP countries

WANG Min, HUANG Shu-wen, YANG Chu-yi, JI Meng

2024, 63(7):  219-223.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.035

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Based on the background of RCEP implementation, the gravity model was constructed according to the panel data of vegetable export trade between China and RCEP countries from 2010 to 2020, the influencing factors of vegetable export trade between China and 14 member countries were empirically analyzed, and the trade potential was calculated. The results showed that the per capita GDP of both sides, population of the member countries, cultivated land area of China and the entry of APEC could significantly promote China's vegetable export; the trade potential value between China and RCEP countries was generally high, and they were all potentially pioneering; during the sample period, the trade potential of Laos and Myanmar fluctuated greatly and had great room for expansion. On this basis, some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward from four aspects of grasping the development opportunity of RCEP, strengthening the cooperation between governments, paying full attention to the heterogeneity between countries and increasing the support for vegetable technology research and development.

Risk assessment and prevention and control of poverty stricken households returning to poverty from the perspective of sustainable livelihoods：Taking C County in Hotan Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China as an example

YAO Hao-tong, ZHANG Ye, SUN Meng-meng

2024, 63(7):  224-230.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.036

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Taking C County in Hotan Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China as the research area, a comprehensive evaluation of the risk of returning to poverty was conducted using questionnaire surveys, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Entropy Weight Method, and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. The results showed that the evaluation values of the risk of poverty return for human capital, natural capital, material capital, financial capital, and social capital in County C were 2.784 4, 1.965 5, 2.540 5, 3.559 0, and 1.861 2, respectively. Human capital, material capital, and financial capital risks were the main risks that caused poverty-stricken households to return to poverty; the poverty-stricken households had a moderate risk of returning to poverty, with a comprehensive evaluation value of 2.588 3;research had found that C County had problems such as insufficient human capital stock, immature development of leading industries, difficulty in land transfer, insufficient role of grassroots organizations, imprecise management of assistance responsible persons, need to improve the professionalism and diversification of assistance work, insufficient social integration of poverty stricken households, and incomplete monitoring and early warning work for poverty return;in view of the above problems,some suggestions were put forward,firstly, enhance endogenous motivation and promoting the accumulation of human capital; secondly, strengthening industrial planning and enhancing the follow-up assistance capabilities of the industry; thirdly, strengthening the leadership of grassroots organizations and guiding them to play a pioneering role; fourthly,improving the level of rural governance and assisting farmers in integrating into society;fifthly, implementing early warning mechanisms and improving the poverty alleviation monitoring system.

Evaluation of the perceived effect of sports tourism enabling poverty alleviation in the regions around Qinghai Lake

MAO Yong-ge, MAO Jia-hui

2024, 63(7):  231-238.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.037

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Based on the stakeholder theory,taking the poverty alleviation through sports tourism in the regions around Qinghai Lake as the research object, through the research methods of literature review,questionnaire survey,and field interview, the perceived effect of poverty alleviation through sports tourism in the regions around Qinghai Lake was systematically analyzed and evaluated by using the hierarchical structural equation model. The results showed that sports tourism had not only brought significant economic benefits to the regions around Qinghai Lake and promoted diversified development of local industries, but also driven the inheritance and innovation of local ethnic traditional sports culture and injected new vitality into poverty alleviation efforts. The perception of economic development was at a higher level; the value of ecological civilization followed closely behind; there was a good level of perception of knowledge and skills value; the value of industry development was better than expected; and cultural heritage had the weakest perception. Finally,it was suggested that the unique natural and cultural resources of the regions around Qinghai Lake should be fully utilized to jointly promote the development of poverty alleviation of regional sports tourism and sustainable socio-economic progress by innovating the development model, strengthening infrastructure construction, optimizing the application of informatization technology, promoting employment and skills training,and strengthening the construction of ecological civilization and policy support.

Construction of a standardized evaluation index system for village party organization leading cooperatives：Taking Jimo District, Qingdao City as an example

WANG De-long, HAN Nan-nan, QIAN Miao

2024, 63(7):  239-243.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.038

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Based on the current development status of village party organization leading cooperatives, using the Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process （AHP）, combined with relevant laws and regulations and various guidance documents, a comprehensive and scientific standardized evaluation index system was constructed,empirical analysis was conducted on 154 village party organization leading cooperatives in Jimo District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, to verify the applicability of the standardized evaluation index system. The results showed that 90.9% of village party organization leading cooperatives had a moderate or above level of standardization,9.1% of village party organization leading cooperatives had a low level of standardization,targeted improvements should be made, and regulatory authorities should conduct regular inspections and provide guidance. According to the obstacle model,the initiation conditions, member requirements, and profit distribution were the shortcomings of the standardized development of village party organization leading cooperatives. Among them, the main obstacles were the widespread participation of villagers, the establishment of meeting minutes, and the development of collective economy. To promote the standardized development of village party organization leading cooperatives, it was necessary to ensure the standardization and transparency of conference minutes, enhance the transparency of decision-making and the sense of responsibility of members, increase the participation of villagers, strengthen the democracy of village party organization leading cooperatives and the sense of belonging and satisfaction of members, and promote effective growth of collective economy.

Rural Revitalization

The configuration path of digital economy driving rural revitalization under fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method

YAO Qian

2024, 63(7):  244-249.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.039

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Using four sub indicators and two intermediate variables as conditional variables to construct a comprehensive evaluation index for the digital economy, the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method was used to explore the configuration path. According to the entropy method, the comprehensive score of the development level of the digital economy showed an upward trend from 2016 to 2022, with the national comprehensive score of the development level of the digital economy increasing from 0.091 in 2016 to 0.257 in 2022. The comprehensive score of rural revitalization development level showed an upward trend from 2016 to 2022, with the national comprehensive score of rural revitalization development level increasing from 0.228 in 2016 to 0.394 in 2022. In the necessity validation of conditional variables, the consistency results were all below 0.900, indicating that all conditional variables were not necessary conditions for the outcome variables. In the adequacy verification, the original coverage of configuration path R1 was 0.513, the original coverage of configuration path R2 was 0.327, and the overall coverage was 0.566, indicating that both conditional configurations could explain the reasons for the increase in rural revitalization level. In configuration path R1, development environment and human capital were the core conditions, while digital industrialization, digital finance, and technological innovation level were the marginal conditions, playing an auxiliary role, while industrial digitization had almost no effect;in the configuration path R2, the development environment, digital industrialization, digital finance, and technological innovation level were core conditions. The degree of industrial digitization was relatively low, and human capital was almost ineffective, indicating that the configuration of rural revitalization conditions had the characteristics of high digital economy and low industrial digitization. When the threshold for consistency increases, the condition configuration results of rural revitalization level remained unchanged, indicating that the model had high stability.

The efficiency and influencing factors of digital inclusive finance empowering rural revitalization：Based on panel data from 30 Provinces（Municipalities and Autonomous Regions）

GUO Hui, ZHANG Yuan-yuan, HU Wei-bang

2024, 63(7):  250-256.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.07.040

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The Peking University Digital Inclusive Finance Index from 2011 to 2020 was used to calculate the rural revitalization index by adopting the entropy method. Based on the DEA model, the efficiency of digital inclusive finance empowering rural revitalization was calculated, and the influencing factors of efficiency were analyzed by using the Tobit model. The results indicated that the level of comprehensive efficiency in empowering rural revitalization through digital inclusive finance in China was relatively low, and there were regional differences. The development space for empowering rural revitalization through digital inclusive finance was still relatively large;technological progress and changes were the main reasons affecting efficiency changes; in terms of influencing factors, the efficiency of financial intermediaries, the scale of financial development, industrial structure, economic development level, fiscal support for agriculture, and the degree of openness to the outside world had a significant positive impact on the efficiency of digital inclusive finance in empowering rural revitalization,however, the impact of information infrastructure, transportation level, and economic agglomeration on the efficiency of digital inclusive finance in empowering rural revitalization was not significant. It was proposed to expand the scale of financial development and actively improve the efficiency of financial intermediaries;support the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, expand the level of opening up to the outside world, and actively cultivate new economic growth points;increase fiscal support for agriculture, promote digital inclusive finance services for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, and improve the efficiency of digital inclusive finance in empowering rural revitalization.