Table of Content

25 May 2024, Volume 63 Issue 5

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Breeding & Cultivation

Breeding analysis of new lines of leafy vegetable sweet potato based on variation coefficient

LI Bao-zheng, XIAO Bo, ZENG Xin-yu, XU Qian

2024, 63(5):  1-5.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.001

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In order to improve the breeding efficiency of new lines of leafy vegetable sweet potato and explore the influence of variation coefficient on the breeding of new lines of leafy vegetable sweet potato, seven leafy vegetable sweet potato lines were used as experimental materials to study the number and yield of shoot tips and their variation coefficients among different lines at different picking times, among different picking times of different lines, and among different replicates of different lines, and the correlation analysis of characters of shoot tips and variation coefficient was carried out. The results showed that the variation coefficient of shoot tip traits of new lines of leafy vegetable sweet potato was from large to small in the order of different picking times of different lines, different lines at different picking times, and different repetitions of different lines. The variation coefficient of the yield and number of shoot tips of high and stable yield lines was generally high, but the variation coefficient between repeats was low. The yield of shoot tips of lines 2019-1-15, 2018-2-76 and 2018-2-37 was higher than that of the control variety Fushu 7-6, and the yield difference reached a very significant level （P<0.01）. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of shoot tips and the yield of shoot tips （r=0.558 9, P<0.01）, and a significant positive correlation between variation coefficient of the number of shoot tips and variation coefficient of the yield of shoot tips （r=0.668 3, P<0.01）. It was concluded that the variation coefficient played an important role in the breeding of leafy vegetable sweet potato lines. In the process of breeding new lines of high and stable yield leafy vegetable sweet potato, the new lines with a large number of stem tips could be preferentially selected, and the effects of the yield of shoot tips and its variation coefficient could be comprehensively considered. 2019-1-15, 2018-2-76 and 2018-2-37 were new lines of leafy vegetable sweet potato with relatively high and stable yields.

Changes of physiological indexes and expression of stress resistance related genes in ramie under drought stress

ZHANG Ao-shen, XU Min, CHEN Lian, XIONG Wei, CHENG Chang-song, WANG Hong-wu

2024, 63(5):  6-11.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.002

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To study the effects of drought stress on physiological characteristics and stress resistance related genes of ramie （Boehmeria nivea L.）, the physiological indexes, stress resistance related gene expression and agronomic traits of Huazhu No. 4 were measured by natural drought stress. The results showed that, compared with the control, the chlorophyll SPAD of ramie leaves decreased under drought stress, the relative conductivity, free proline content, malondialdehyde content and soluble sugar content of stem tip and leaves increased significantly （P<0.05）, the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） increased, and the relative expression levels of stress-related genes BnP5CS1, BnWRKY1, BnACO1, Bn-α-amylase, BnAPX1, BnbZIP1, BnDREB19 and BnGR1 were increased. The relative expressions of BnP5CS1 and BnWRKY1 in leaves were increased 5.1 and 5.3 times compared with control. Compared with the control, the plant height, stem diameter, skin thickness, fresh aboveground weight and raw hemp weight per plant under drought stress were significantly decreased （P<0.05）, the stem diameter and skin thickness were decreased by 0.13 cm and 0.14 mm, respectively, and the fresh aboveground weight and raw hemp weight per plant were decreased by 52.05% and 39.53%, respectively.

Resource & Environment

Changes of soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity in wheat field under straw returning combined with chemical fertilizer

LIU Dong-hai, MAO Qing-hua, DENG Hui, MEI Liang-xian, LUO Jie, QIAO Yan, ZHANG Zhi, HU Cheng

2024, 63(5):  12-16.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.003

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In order to explore the effect of combined application of chemical fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and its main driving factors in the wheat field under long-term straw returning, a four-year long-term positioning experiment in Guangshui was carried out. Six treatments were set up,including straw （S, the amount of 6 000 kg/hm², the same as other treatments）, straw+100%N （S100N, 187.5 kg/hm² N, the amount of other fertilization treatments was converted according to this amount）, straw+80%N （S80N）, straw+60%N （S60N）, straw+80%N + microbial inoculant （S80Nm, the amount of the straw decomposition microbial agent was 30 kg/hm²）, straw+60%N+microbial inoculant （S60Nm, the dosage of the microbial agent was the same as S80Nm）. Soil enzyme activity, soil physical and chemical properties and wheat yield were measured. The results showed that compared with S treatment, S100N and S80N significantly increased wheat yield by 182.82% and 179.55%（P<0.05）, respectively. The addition of the straw decomposition microbial agent had no significant effect on soil physical and chemical properties and wheat yield. Compared with S100N treatment, S80N increased the activities of soil phosphatase （Phos）, sulfatase （Sul）, β-glucosidase （βG）, β-xylosidase （βX）, α-glucosidase （αG）, acetylglucosaminidase （NAG） and leucine aminopeptidase （LAP）. Redundancy analysis （RDA） showed that soil organic matter and alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen were the main influencing factors of soil enzyme changes under the condition of straw returning. Therefore, from the point of view of reducing amount and increasing efficiency of fertilizer, S80N was a more suitable management measure to improve soil quality.

High-temperature stage process of aerobic fermentation of agricultural waste

FENG Liang, SHI Ai-ping

2024, 63(5):  17-21.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.004

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In order to optimize the process of the high temperature stage of aerobic fermentation, chicken manure and corn straw were used as raw materials. The single factor test and orthogonal test were carried out by selecting the temperature, time and dosage of the microbial agent in the high temperature stage as the process parameters. The pH, conductivity（EC）, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen（C/N） and seed germination index were used as evaluation indexes to study the high temperature stage process of high temperature aerobic fermentation of agricultural waste. The results showed that the optimum technological conditions in the high temperature stage were as follows： the addition amount of the microbial agent was 20 g/kg, the temperature was 75 ℃, and the fermentation time was 12 h.

Change and the influencing factors of NDVI in Weihe River Basin from 2000 to 2021

FENG Jian-min, LIU Yu-feng, GUO Ling-xia, WEN Qi

2024, 63(5):  22-29.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.005

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The Weihe River Basin is an important ecological conservation area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. It is also a typical region of soil erosion on the Loess Plateau. Monitoring the trend of vegetation growth in the region and analyzing its relationship with climate change and human activities are important for the scientific assessment of regional ecological construction, vegetation and ecological restoration of the Loess Plateau. The normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI）, temperature, precipitation, population density, and land use data from 2000 to 2021 were selected to analyze the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of NDVI in Weihe River Basin, and explore the impacts of climate change and human activities on the trends of NDVI. The results showed that, from 2000 to 2021, NDVI increased in the Weihe River Basin, with an annual average growth rate of 0.004. On the inter-annual scale, NDVI was a positively correlated with annual average precipitation, but not significantly correlated with annual average temperature. On the monthly scale, NDVI had a positive correlation with temperature and precipitation in April and August, and a weak negative correlation with the temperature in July. The change of population density was negatively correlated with the change of NDVI, which indicated that the decrease of population density was beneficial to the restoration and improvement of vegetation. The internal change of land use type was the main reason for the vegetation NDVI change. The decreasing trend of NDVI in the area with significant decrease of NDVI was mainly caused by the decreasing of NDVI of cultivated land in Guanzhong Plain, while the increasing trend of NDVI in the area with significant increase of NDVI mainly resulted from the increase of NDVI in grassland, forest land, and cultivated land in the loess hilly area and loess remnant plateau.

Effect of Loess Plateau climate on the spatial heterogeneity of NDVI from 2001 to 2020

LI Yu, ZHANG Chong, TIAN Xiao-feng

2024, 63(5):  30-36.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.006

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Based on the normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） and climate data from 2001 to 2020, the effects of climate change on vegetation and vegetation change trends in the Loess Plateau were explored by geographically weighted method. The results showed that there was a non-stationary relationship between NDVI and land surface temperature in the Loess Plateau. The regression coefficient of NDVI and temperature index was mainly negative, and mainly concentrated in the northern Inner Mongolia Plateau, while the spatial positive correlation was concentrated in the south of Huhuanyong line. By comparing the standardized coefficients of different climate indicators, it could be seen that precipitation was the main factor controlling vegetation change in the Loess Plateau, accounting for 30.90% of the total area of the Loess Plateau. The areas where vegetation was significantly controlled by water were mainly concentrated in the Inner Mongolia Plateau in the northern and central part of the Loess Plateau and near the Qilian Mountains in the west. The main dominant factor of vegetation activity in the central and southern part of the Loess Plateau was the temperature, accounting for 42.91% of the total area of the Loess Plateau. Among them, the highest temperature had the widest influence on NDVI, including eastern Gansu Province, central Shaanxi Province, southern Shanxi Province and Henan Province. The vegetation in these areas was mainly agriculture vegetation and forestry vegetation, the precipitation was abundant, and with the increase of temperature, vegetation activity had increased. The regression results of NDVI variability and climate variability showed that the increase of temperature in the Loess Plateau promoted the growth of vegetation in a wide area. However, in the northwest of the Loess Plateau, the temperature and precipitation decreased while the vegetation showed an increasing trend.

Meteorological drought variation characteristics of Northern Xinjiang from 1961 to 2020 based on SPEI

WEI Yan-hao, Gulinazi, Batur Bake, Palizhati Yusufu, Zulkeya Manap, Patiguli Maimaiti

2024, 63(5):  37-44.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.007

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Based on the daily meteorological data of 26 major meteorological stations in Northern Xinjiang from 1961 to 2020, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index （SPEI） was selected as the meteorological drought index, and Mann-Kendall mutation test and wavelet analysis were used to explore the variation characteristics of SPEI and the influence of different grades of meteorological drought in Northern Xinjiang in annual, spring and summer. The results showed that the actual mild drought situation in Northern Xinjiang was more suitable for identification by -1.0<SPEI≤0. Contrary to the trend of humidification at the annual scale, the Northern Xinjiang showed different degrees of aridification in spring and summer, and the influence range of extreme meteorological drought （severe drought and extreme drought） events in summer expanded significantly. There was a main change cycle of 1~4 years for SPEI at different scales from 1961 to 2020. The overall climate of Northern Xinjiang showed a significant humidification trend from 1993 to 2010 after the transformation of the 1980s, but the spring and summer climate showed a trend signal from wet to dry in 2014 and 1997, respectively. The drought in the summer of the study area began to gradually ease in 1988, but the drought began to gradually intensify after another mutation in 2008.

Plant Protection

Effect of aphid feeding reduction on oviposition characteristics of Coccinella septempunctata

PENG Ying-li, YU Jia-min, WANG Yong, LIU Dong-yang, LIU Ting, JIANG Lian-qiang, LONG Gang, LI Bin, XIE Yun-bo, WU Xing-long, GUO Shi-ping, CAI Peng, PU De-qiang

2024, 63(5):  45-49.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.008

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In order to clarify the effects of aphid reduced feeding on the egg laying characteristics of the adult Coccinella septempunctata under high density conditions, five aphid reduced treatments of 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were designed in the experiment, which were A （pure aphids）, B （3-day aphids and 1-day artificial feed）, C （1-day aphids and 1-day artificial feed）, D （1-day aphids and 3-day artificial feed）, and E （pure artificial feed）, respectively. The effects of reduced feeding of aphids on egg production, oviposition location selection, hatching rate and life span of the adult ladybird were analyzed. The results showed that the egg-laying capacity of Coccinella septempunctata in A, B, C, D and E treatments decreased with the decrease of feeding capacity of aphids. There was no significant difference between 25% aphid reduction in treatment B and pure aphid in treatment A. Most of the eggs laid by each treatment of Coccinella septempunctata were collected eggs, and the available utilization rate of eggs was high. Except for the pure feed in treatment E, each aphid reduction treatment had no significant effects on the oviposition location selection, hatching rate and life span of the ladybird. To sum up, treatment B, 25% soybean aphid reduction combined with artificial feed, showed no significant difference in all indicators of high density Coccinella septempunctata compared with treatment A, the pure aphid control, which could be applied to the efficient breeding of Coccinella septempunctata.

The antifungal activity of Psoralea corylifolia seeds extract against Exobasidium vexans

SUN Li-xue, GUAN Li-jie, MA Xiao-tong, GAO Jie, ZHANG Hong-yu, SHANG Jin-yu

2024, 63(5):  50-55.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.009

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The antifungal activity and the field control effects of Psoralea corylifolia seeds extract against Exobasidium vexans were explored. The spore germination inhibition rate method and mycelium growth rate method were used to determine the antifungal activity of Psoralea corylifolia seeds extract, and the field trials of Exobasidium vexans were carried out in five provinces and five places according to the pesticide field efficacy trials guideline. The indoor antifungal activity test showed that Psoralea corylifolia seeds extract had an obvious inhibitory effect on the spore germination and mycelium growth of Exobasidium vexans, and the inhibition rate increased with the increase of drug concentration, with the EC₅₀ of 12.925 mg/L and 6.074 mg/L, respectively. The results of field trials showed that when the dosage of active ingredients of Psoralea corylifolia seeds extract microemulsion was 2.00~2.67 mg/kg, the field control effects of Exobasidium vexans was 68.08%~83.78%, which was equivalent to or better than that of the control agent 3% polyoxin wettable powder.

Preparation of the straw wood vinegar（SWV） and antibacterial activity of the SWV-cantharidin compound agent

CHAI Feng-lan, ZHANG Fan, WANG Wen-hui, XU Zhao-fei

2024, 63(5):  56-60.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.010

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Corn and sesame stalks were used as raw materials to prepare the straw wood vinegar（SWV） at different pyrolysis temperatures by low temperature stage pyrolysis technology. The basic properties of SWV were determined. The antibacterial activity of SWV and the compound agents of the SWV and cantharidin solution were determined, respectively. The results showed that the total yield of SWV was respectively 20.92% and 18.75% and the optimum pyrolysis temperature was 180 ℃ and 220 ℃ for corn straw and for sesame straw within a set range of pyrolysis temperature, respectively. The antibacterial activity tests showed that the two kinds of composite agents of straw wood vinegar and cantharidin had good broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. For Escherichia coli, the antibacterial activity was optimal when the volume ratio of corn SWV to cantharidin solution and the volume ratio of sesame SWV to cantharidin solution were both 1∶2 （220 ℃ SWV）. For Staphylococcus aureus, the best antibacterial activity was found when the volume ratio of corn SWV to cantharidin solution was 1∶8 （180 ℃ SWV） and when the volume ratio of sesame SWV to cantharidin solution was 1∶4 （240 ℃ SWV）, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the compound agent of the SWV and cantharidin solution against Staphylococcus aureus was significantly superior to that of Escherichia coli. The SWV could obviously improve the antibacterial activity of cantharidin solution.

Horticulture & Local Products

Effects of different foliar fertilization and plant type control on growth and development characteristics of kiwifruit waterlogging-resistant rootstock cultivar Zhongke Mizhen No.2

LYU Hai-yan, LI Da-wei, FEI Zao-xia, ZHONG Cai-hong

2024, 63(5):  61-64.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.011

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Two-month-old tissue culture plantlets of Zhongke Mizhen No.2 were used to study the effects of different proportions of foliar fertilization combined with plant type control on stem diameter growth, chlorophyll content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, and seedling physiological indicators. The results showed that stem diameter, chlorophyll content, total nitrogen and potassium contents and root-to-shoot ratio were significantly different among different treatments, while total plant phosphorus content was not significantly different among treatments. Among the four control factors, plant type control had the greatest promoting effect on the growth of tissue-cultured seedlings of Zhongke Mizhen No.2. The optimum treatment formula for Zhongke Mizhen No.2 was plant type control combined with application of compound foliar fertilizer （0.2% urea + 0.1% monopotassium phosphate + 0.2% horticultural fertilizer）.

Effects of different exogenous selenium on selenium accumulation and fruit quality of tomato

KANG Yu, TIAN Teng-fei, WEN Xiao-long, LONG Lan, YIN Hong-qing

2024, 63(5):  65-69.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.012

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Using tomato as the experimental material, a pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of two exogenous selenium fertilizers sodium selenite （Na₂SeO₃） and sodium selenate （Na₂SeO₄） on agronomic characters of tomato, selenium content and selenium accumulation of tomato plants and fruit quality. The results showed that exogenous selenium application could promote the growth and development of tomato plants, and sodium selenate application could significantly increase tomato yield. Sodium selenate significantly increased selenium content in roots, stems, leaves and fruits of tomato plants, and the selenium absorption capacity of leaves was the strongest in this treatment, while that of roots was the strongest in sodium selenite treatment. The addition of exogenous selenium significantly enhanced the ability of tomato plants to enrich selenium and transfer selenium from root to ground, increased the content of vitamin C and soluble sugar in tomato fruits, and significantly improved the quality of tomato fruits, and the effects of sodium selenate were superior to sodium selenite.

Physiological mechanisms of exogenous gibberellin treatment affecting the seed germination process of Fraxinus hupehensis Chiú. Shang et Su

ZHAO Yi-ning, LIU Yan-hong, ZHENG Peng-li, ZHOU Ming-qin

2024, 63(5):  70-76.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.013

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The seeds of Fraxinus hupehensis stored at normal temperature for 2 years were taken as the research object. Before the experiment, the radicle end covering tissue was removed to expose the radicle. Taking water as a control, after soaking the seeds with 150 mg/L gibberellin solution for 24 h, the physiological and biochemical indexes and the contents of endogenous hormones in seeds during germination were measured. The results showed that gibberellin treatment could enhance seed germination rate, with a germination rate of 24.67% after gibberellin treatment compared to 16.67% in the control group. During germination, gibberellin-treated seeds exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing in soluble sugar content. Soluble protein content showed a decreasing trend but remained significantly higher than the control group at all stages. Superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD）, and catalase （CAT） activities showed an increasing trend on the whole. The content of endogenous jasmonic acid methyl ester （JA-Me） in seeds after gibberellin treatment was significantly lower than that in the control, which favored an increase in endogenous gibberellin （GA₃） and zeatin riboside （ZR） content. The ratios of gibberellin to abscisic acid （GA₃/ABA） and zeatin riboside to abscisic acid （ZR/ABA） were significantly positively correlated with the ratio of indole-3-acetic acid to abscisic acid （IAA/ABA） at 0.01 and 0.001 levels, respectively, and GA₃/ABA was significantly positively correlated with ZR/ABA at 0.001 level. Gibberellin immersion significantly increased the germination rate of Fraxinus hupehensis seeds, and the seeds treated with gibberellin exhibited a stronger balance of protective enzyme activity system, delayed membrane damage, and the resistance was better. The lower levels of endogenous JA-Me and the higher levels of endogenous GA₃ and ZR favored the initiation of seed germination and the release of dormancy.

Electronic nose analysis on scent of different varieties of rose flowers and buds

WANG Shu, GUO Rui-qi, ZHAO Qiu-chen, WANG Ping, SUN Xin-ru, WANG Meng

2024, 63(5):  77-83.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.014

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With rose flowers and buds as test materials, the electronic nose technology was used to investigate the scent characteristics of different varieties of rose flowers and buds through multivariate statistical methods such as cluster analysis, Principal Component Analysis（PCA）and Orthogonal Partial Least-squares Discriminant Analysis（OPLS-DA）. The results showed that, 14 varieties of roses were divided into three categories, and the difference markers among the groups were W1W, W5S, and W2S, namely inorganic sulfides, nitrogen oxides, alcohol ether aldehydes and ketones. The intensity of the three difference markers was group 1 > group 2 > group 3, all of which had significant differences. The flower buds of 8 rose varieties were divided into three categories, and the difference markers among the groups were W5S and W1W, that was, nitrogen oxides and inorganic sulfides. The intensity of the two difference markers was group 1 > group 2 > group 3, all of which had significant differences. There were differences in the content of volatile components between rose flowers and buds. Most rose buds had higher content of volatile components than rose flowers, while a few rose buds had lower content of volatile components than rose flowers or had little difference in component contents. The main difference markers were W1W, W5S, W2S and W2W, that was, inorganic sulfides, nitrogen oxides, alcohol-ether aldehydes ketones, and organic sulfides. Electronic nose technology could quickly and effectively distinguish the difference of volatile components of different varieties of rose flowers and buds, and which could provide reference for rose aroma research and rose quality evaluation.

HPLC fingerprint and its spectral effect relationship with antioxidant activity of Zhuang medicine Pogonostemon auricularius （L.） Hassk.

MA Wen-fang, WU Jian-li, ZHANG Xiu-li, LAN Chang-bin, GAN Jie-xue, ZHOU Hua-feng, WANG Jian

2024, 63(5):  84-90.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.015

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Aiming to study the relationship between high performance liquid ehromatography （HPLC） fingerprint and antioxidant activity, the HPLC fingerprint of Pogonostemon auricularius （L.） Hassk. was established. Combing with Cluster Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, and Partial Least Squares Regression Analysis, the antioxidant activity of Pogonostemon auricularius （L.） Hassk.was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine （DPPH） and ferric reducing ability of plasma （FRAP） methods. The results showed that eleven common peaks were identified with peak No. 3 （verbascoside） as the reference peak, and the similarity of most batches of Pogonostemon auricularius （L.） Hassk. was greater 0.900. Through cluster analysis and principal component analysis, twenty-two batches of samples could be divided into two categories. The content of verbascoside in Pogonostemon auricularius （L.） Hassk. from different producing areas ranged from 0.38% to 4.82%. The antioxidant activity of twenty-two lots of Pogonostemon auricularius （L.） Hassk. was good. Peaks 1, 2, 3（verbascoside）, 6, 8, 10, and 11 were positively correlated with DPPH free radical scavenging rate, peaks 1, 2, 3（verbascoside）, 6, and 10 were positively correlated with iron ion reducing ability. The established HPLC fingerprint was reliable and accurate, which could provide reference for the screening and quality control of antioxidant active substances of Pogonostemon auricularius （L.） Hassk.

The pharmacognosy and UPLC fingerprint of the leaves of Camellia nitidissima var. phaeopubisperma

YAO Han-ya, PAN Yong, GAO Hui, BAI Yan-yuan, LI Yao-yan, YAN Guo-yue, XIE Yang-jiao

2024, 63(5):  91-97.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.016

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The plant morphology, tissue structure and powder characteristics of Camellia nitidissima var. phaeopubisperma were observed by means of character identification and microscopic identification. The liquid fingerprint of Camellia nitidissima var. phaeopubisperma was established by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） and similarity evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprint. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed on the chemical composition by SIMCA-P14.1 software. The results of character identification showed that Camellia nitidissima var. phaeopubisperma was elliptical, oblong, rectangular or oval, thin leathery, hairless on both sides, reticulated leaf veins and serrulate or serrate on the margins. In the mesophyll tissue were present large branching irregular stone cells and clusters of calcium oxalate crystals; the vessels were annular and spiral, and the stomata were anomocytic type. The HPLC fingerprints indicated differences in the chemical composition of the tested Camellia nitidissima var. phaeopubisperma samples. Based on these differences, the samples could be divided into two categories using principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, with vitamin B₆, phenylephrine, rutin, caffeine, and hyperoside being the key signature ingredients that distinguished the two types of fingerprints.

Content determination and subcellular localization of ester catechins of small and medium-leaf teas

MAN Jia-xu, GAO Zi-qi, WU Si-min, WANG Dong-xue, ZHAO Xue-ting, ZHANG Dong-ying

2024, 63(5):  98-100.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.017

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In order to clarify the subcellular spatial localisation of ester catechins in small and medium-leaf teas, five small- and medium-leaf tea samples of Shilixiang, Guilv No.1, Zhenong 113, Fuding Dabai Tea and Zhenong 139 were taken as the test materials, and the content of ester catechins in the five tea samples was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, and the vesicles in the cells of the samples were localised using neutral red staining. Subcellular localisation of ester catechins in tea samples was performed by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that all five types of small and medium-leaf teas contained different levels of ester catechins, with the highest content in Shilixiang tea; under neutral red staining, the vesicles in Shilixiang tea samples were round or oval; under immunohistochemistry staining, the ester catechins of the five types of small and medium-leaf teas were located in the vesicles at the subcellular level.

Discussion on the integration path of agricultural cultural elements in the landscape design of agricultural sightseeing park under the concept of integration of culture and tourism

TIAN Tian, WANG Peng-fei

2024, 63(5):  101-105.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.018

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Taking the integration of culture and tourism as the research background and the application of agricultural cultural elements in the landscape design of the agricultural tourism park in Xin County, Xinyang City, Henan Province as an example, the integration of agricultural cultural elements in the landscape design of the agricultural tourism park was analyzed, so as to create a more in-depth and characteristic agricultural tourism landscape under the guidance of this model. It was proposed that the landscape design of the agricultural tourism park should adhere to the development principle of adapting to local conditions, so as to carry out multiple integration and three-dimensional intersection of its agricultural structure, infrastructure, leisure and entertainment, culture and education, promote the coordinated development of cultural industry and tourism, and create a new situation in the planning and development of the agricultural park.

Dynamic assessment of urban landscape ecological health in the Yellow River Basin： A case study of Jiaozuo City

ZHANG Xue-ying, MU Zhan-qiang, KONG De-zheng, WANG Dong-meng, FENG Yan

2024, 63(5):  106-112.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.019

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Taking Jiaozuo City as an example, based on PSR model and the theory of “vitality-organization-elasticity-function”, using relevant remote sensing data/socio-economic data, etc., visual indicators were selected to construct an evaluation index system, and the index weights were determined by using the integrated model of AHP and entropy weight method, and the landscape ecological health from 2000 to 2020 was evaluated. The results showed that the comprehensive index of landscape ecological health in 2000, 2010 and 2020 was 0.45, 0.53 and 0.52, respectively, showing the overall distribution of high in the north and south, low in the middle and the changing characteristics of rising first and then falling. The change of landscape ecological health was relatively stable, the area of regional improvement was larger than that of degradation, and the transformation was mainly based on adjacent grades, but mainly existed in the transformation between middle and low values, and there was a trend of transformation to adjacent regional grades. According to the research results, based on the impact of urban expansion and human activities on landscape ecological health, it was put forward reasonable suggestions on urban landscape ecological planning from the aspects of optimizing landscape pattern, improving ecological network layout, and controlling land use and development.

Aquatic Products

The effect of different food conversion strategies on the growth and survival rate of larvae and juveniles of Parabotia fasciata

LIU Xu, WEI Jie, WANG Yong-ming, SHI Jin-rong, XIE Bi-wen

2024, 63(5):  113-117.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.020

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To investigate the effects of different food conversion strategies on the growth and survival rate of larvae and juveniles of Parabotia fasciata, and to explore the optimal food conversion strategy, 5 starting points for food conversion were set, namely the 7th day （W7 group）, 9th day （W9 group）, 11th day （W11 group）, 13th day （W13 group）, and 15th day （W15） groups after hatching out of the membrane, and 5 transition times for food conversion were designed, namely 2 days （W9-1 group）, 4 days （W9-2 group）, 6 days （W9-3 group）, 8 days （W9-4 group）, and 10 days （W9-5 group）. The results showed that after hatching out of the membrane for 23 days, the W13 group had the highest survival rate of 83.33%, which was significantly higher than the other groups;after hatching out of the membrane for 11-15 days and 15~19 days, there was no significant difference in the specific growth rate of experimental fish among the groups （P>0.05）. However, after hatching out of the membrane for 19~23 days, the specific growth rate of experimental fish in the W13 group was significantly lower than that in the other groups （P<0.05）;the body length and weight of fish in the W15 group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. The survival rate of experimental fish in the W9-5 group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. After hatching for 25 days, the survival rate of experimental fish in the W9-5 group was 89.30%;after hatching out of the membrane for 21~25 days, the specific growth rate of experimental fish in the W9-1 and W9-2 groups was significantly higher than that in the other groups （P<0.05）;the W9-5 group had the largest body length and weight, followed by the W9-4 group. The body length and weight of the other experimental groups decreased with the shortening of the transition time. Based on comprehensive analysis, it was recommended that the food conversing of larvae and juveniles of Parabotia fasciata started after hatching out of the membrane for 13 days, with 8 days as the optimal transition time for feeding.

The correlation between opening bait and the growth and survival rate of blue tailed crucian carp

YUAN Hao-zhe, CHEN Su-wei

2024, 63(5):  118-121.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.021

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Artificial reproduction experiments were conducted on blue-tailed crucian carp （Carassius auratus） using dry insemination. After hatching, the larvae were fed with three types of open mouthed feed： Artencia salina, Tubificidae, and artificial compound feed. The results showed that the fertilization rate and hatching rate of blue tailed crucian carp were 89.85% and 80.48%, respectively;the initial opening rate and survival rate of the Artencia salina group were 98.89% and 98.91%, respectively. The initial opening rate and survival rate of the Tubificidae group were 94.44% and 97.33%, respectively. The initial opening rate and survival rate of the artificial compound feed group were 74.44% and 98.24%, respectively;the initial opening rate of the Tubificidae group and the Artencia salina group was significantly higher than that of the artificial compound feed group （P<0.05）, while there was no significant difference in the initial opening rate between the Tubificidae group and the Artencia salina group （P>0.05）;there was a significant difference （P<0.05） in the plumpness of the three groups of Tubificidae group, Artencia salina group, and artificial compound feed group, but the difference in survival rate among the three groups was not significant （P>0.05）. It was suggested that the blue-tailed crucian carp fry should be fed with palatable Artemia salina in the early stage of cultivation, and artificial compound feed should be used on the basis of Artemia salina in the middle and later stages to reduce breeding costs.

Animal Husbandry & Animal Science

Comparison of wool traits in different parts of 6-month-old Tan sheep

WANG Jun, LI Jin-fang, HUANG He, LIU Cheng-feng, CHEN Hao, Eer Hehua

2024, 63(5):  122-125.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.022

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By measuring the wool diameter, breaking strength, curl number, and wool length of 6-month-old Tan sheep, the differences and correlations in wool traits in different parts （shoulders, abdomen, hind legs, buttocks） of 6-month-old Tan sheep were explored. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the straight length, natural length, breaking strength, wool diameter, and curl number of wool in different parts of the 6-month-old Tan sheep; the uniformity of the length of wool in various parts was good, and the trend of the straight length of wool was basically consistent with the natural length, indicating a certain correlation between the two;the coefficient of variation of the diameter of heterotypical fibers and unmyelinated wool was 6.21%~8.02%, indicating that the diameter of wool was relatively stable;the breaking strength of the heterotypical fibers was significantly greater than that of unmyelinated fibers, indicating a strong correlation between wool diameter and breaking strength;the curls number of unmyelinated wool in the abdomen, hind legs, shoulders, and buttocks was greater than that of heterotypical fibers, indicating that a smaller diameter of wool was beneficial for curling;the correlation analysis of various traits of abdominal wool in 6-month-old Tan sheep showed that the correlation coefficients between unmyelinated fibers traits were mostly larger than those between the heterotypical fibers. This might be due to the longer length of the heterotypical fibers, which was easily influenced by nutrition and external factors.

Physiological response of ryegrass seeds and seedlings to cadmium stress

WANG Jian-wei, HE Xiao-lan, WANG Gen-ping, OU Qian, XIAO Yun-juan, YANG Xue-li

2024, 63(5):  126-135.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.023

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In order to explore the differences in cadmium （Cd） enrichment ability and physiological mechanisms among different ryegrass varieties, six ryegrass varieties were used as materials to study the effects of cadmium stress on seed germination, biomass, cadmium absorption, pigment content, photosynthetic characteristics, and stress resistance. The results showed that compared with normal growth conditions, cadmium stress had a low promoting and high inhibiting effect on seed germination and root and shoot growth of different ryegrass varieties. Cadmium stress increased the content of photosynthetic pigments in ryegrass;cadmium stress increased the stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, and transpiration rate of Venus, Benz, and Victoria leaves;cadmium stress increased the POD activity of Benz, Victoria, and Blue Label leaves;cadmium stress increased the SOD activity of Carter and Victoria leaves; cadmium stress increased CAT activity in Victoria and Venus leaves. Benz, Victoria and Venus might have stronger cadmium tolerance than other varieties, thereby reducing the harm of cadmium to themselves;cadmium stress increased the soluble sugar content of all varieties and the proline content of five ryegrass varieties except Carter. Benz, Blue Label and Victoria could produce more osmotic regulatory substances to alleviate the damage caused by cadmium stress;under normal growth conditions, the cadmium content and accumulation in the upper part of rye grassland were relatively low, and the differences between different varieties were relatively small. Cadmium stress significantly increased the cadmium content and accumulation in the upper part of rye grassland, with Benz having the highest cadmium content and accumulation in the upper part, significantly higher than other varieties.In summary, Benz and Victoria had strong cadmium resistance and cadmium enrichment ability, making them the preferred varieties for cadmium contaminated soil remediation.

Ant species diversity of Dongchuan dry-hot-valley, Kunming City

ZHU Hui-qin, XU Zheng-hui, QI Biao, LI Biao, CHEN Chao, GUO Ning-yan, QIAN Yi-shun

2024, 63(5):  136-142.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.024

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In order to clarify the ant diversity regularity in Dongchuan dry-hot-valley, Kunming City, and provide theoretical support for local vegetation restoration, the ant community was surveyed through the plot-sampling method. The results showed that 53 species belonging to 24 genera and 5 subfamilies of Formicidae were recognized in the 8 sample plots, of which Tetramorium wroughtonii （Forel） was the dominant species. Meanwhile, 7 common species （occupying 13.21% of the total species）, 11 relatively common species （occupying 20.75%）, 21 relatively rare species （occupying 39.62%） and 13 rare species （occupying 24.53%） were observed. Main indexe of ant communities was shown that species number was from 5 to 22 （average 12.8）, individual density was from 4.8 to 147.2 head/m² （average 62.4 head/m²）, diversity index was from 1.049 2 to 2.048 0 （average 1.463 3）, evenness index was from 0.505 8 to 0.708 6 （average 0.595 4）, and dominant index was from 0.209 1 to 0.486 6 （average 0.347 2）. Similarity coefficients between ant communities from the 8 sample plots were 0.000 0~0.300 0, indicating that the similarity between the two different plots in the survey area was at the level of extremely dissimilar to moderately dissimilar. The ant species richness of Dongchuan dry-hot-valley was generally lower, and the combined effect of air temperature and humidity had important influence on vegetation, then influencing the main indexes of the ant community.

The breeding and hybridizing maternal line of a new line of recessive white feather chicken

SHEN Jie, WU Yan, PI Jin-song, PAN Ai-luan, HUANG Tao, LIANG Zhen-hua, ZHANG Hao, FU Ming, CHEN Ya-ru

2024, 63(5):  143-146.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.025

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A combination of individual selection and family selection methods was used, and the main selecting indicators were growth traits and egg production traits. Breeding of the basic group of recessive white feathered chickens was carried out, and a new line of recessive white feathered chickens was established. Then, the new line of recessive white feathered chickens was used as the maternal parent for secondary matching, and its performance was determined. The results showed that after four generations of breeding,the birth weight decreased by 2.9 g, the weight of roosters at 15 weeks decreased by 486.0 g, and the weight decreased by 562.9 g at 43 weeks; at 15 weeks of age, the weight of the hens decreased by 334.6 g, and at 43 weeks of age, the weight decreased by 404.5 g. The age of first egg was advanced by 5.2 days, and the number of eggs lay at 43 weeks increased by 6.7. The slaughter performance and body size of group J×W were better than those of group Y×W. After four generations of breeding, the egg production performance and body weight were significantly improved for the new line of recessive white feathered chicken. The two-line hybridization was good.

Storage & Processing

Optimization of the processing technology of purple potato cake

TONG Dan, YUAN Ji-hong, SUN Yong-jun

2024, 63(5):  147-150.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.026

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The low-gluten flour and purple potato were used as the main raw materials to make purple potato cake, the single factor and orthogonal test were used to optimize the optimal processing technology parameters of purple potato cake, and the purple potato cake was objectively evaluated by using sensory score as the index. The results showed that the best process parameters for making purple potato cake were the total weight of purple potato and low-gluten flour 200 g, the ratio of 35∶65, the amount of cotton sugar 35 g, the amount of yeast powder 1.5 g and the steaming time 20 min. The purple potato cake made under the process condition was bright and uniform in color, natural purple, soft and elastic, complete and full in shape, delicate in taste, rich in anthocyanins, with high nutritional value, suitable for infants, middle-aged and elderly people, greatly enriched the market diversity of cake foods, and it had high promotion value.

Optimization of extraction process of total alkaloids from Pinellia ternata and their biological activity analysis

ZHAO Li-ping, ZHANG Wen-wen, CHEN Qiong, SUN Wei, ZHANG Wen-qian, MA Xiao-wen

2024, 63(5):  151-155.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.027

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Taking the tuber of Pinellia ternata as raw material and ethanol as ultrasonic-assisted extraction solvent, the influence of single factors such as ethanol volume fraction, ultrasonic time, material-liquid ratio and ultrasonic temperature on total alkaloids extraction rate was investigated. The orthogonal test was designed to optimize the extraction process, and the in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of total alkaloids were tested. The results showed that the optimal extraction condition was ethanol volume fraction of 65%, extraction time of 60 min, the material-liquid ratio of 1∶45, ultrasonic temperature of 65 ℃, and the extraction rate of total alkaloids was 0.502%; the clearance of DPPH and ABTS radicals reached 89.90% and 43.60%, respectively, and the inhibition of α-glucosidase reached 86.40%. The process was simple and feasible, and the total alkaloids showed good in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic biological activities.

Research on optimization of extraction process and anti-inflammatory activity of total flavonoids from Forsythia suspensa

YAN Yong, JIN Yan-yan, ZHANG Yi-lin, CHENG Min, ZHOU Wei

2024, 63(5):  156-161.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.028

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The effects of soaking time, solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time on the extraction rate of total flavonoids from Forsythia suspensa were evaluated by single factor experiment and response surface experiment design, and a mathematical model was built, which could be used for calculating the quadratic regression equation and predicting the optimal process of extracting total flavonoids from Forsythia suspensa. The inhibition effect of acute inflammatory swelling of mouse auricle with the total flavonoids of Forsythia suspensa extracted by the new process was evaluated, and the anti-inflammatory activity of the total flavonoids of Forsythia suspensa was tested. The results showed that the optimal process condition was solid-liquid ratio of 1∶20, soaking time of 30 min, extraction temperature of 58 ℃, ethanol concentration of 60%, and extraction time of 79 min. It had been verified that the average extraction rate of the new process was 14.54%. The total flavonoids extract of Forsythia suspensa extracted by the new process had a swelling value of （15.61±2.73） mg of the mouse auricle treated with xylene acute to inflammation, which was lower than the swelling value （17.21±2.65） mg after normal saline treatment. The anti-inflammatory in vitro showed that the extract of total flavonoids from Forsythia suspensa could inhibit inflammatory swelling of the mouse auricle. The extraction process of total flavonoids from Forsythia suspensa with the introduction of soaking process had the characteristics of high extraction rate, stability and reliability, and the Forsythia suspensa total flavonoids extracted by the new process had anti-inflammatory effects.

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted salting-out assisted extraction of essential oil from Piper nigrum L. and its activity analysis

TAN Zi-yi, ZENG Jia-ru, LI Meng

2024, 63(5):  162-167.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.029

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The ultrasonic-assisted salting-out assisted steam distillation method was used to extract essential oil from Piper nigrum L.. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal extraction parameters such as liquid-solid ratio, ultrasonic time and NaCl concentration. The results showed that the optimal extraction condition of essential oil from Piper nigrum L. by ultrasonic-assisted distillation method was the liquid-solid ratio of 17∶1, ultrasonic time of 13 min, and NaCl concentration of 2.4%. Under this condition, the extraction yield of Piper nigrum L. essential oil was 1.79%. The extracts obtained by this method were tested for antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The results showed that Piper nigrum L. essential oil had a certain antioxidant capacity, and its scavenging ability on ABTS was much stronger than that on DPPH. The extract also showed strong growth inhibition against both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas solanacearum.

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted compound enzymatic hydrolysis process of corncob pretreated with organic acid

YU De-han, ZHU Ying-yi, LI Li, WU Hai-ling

2024, 63(5):  168-174.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.030

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The purpose was to destroy the tight structure of corncob lignocellulose for enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The optimum organic acid and its concentration were determined by screening experiment firstly. Then the optimal composition and ratio of hydrolases for corncob were determined by compound enzymatic hydrolysis experiment. Finally, the optimal pretreatment process was optimized by response surface experiment. The results showed that the optimum process of enzymatic hydrolysis of corncob pretreated with 10% maleic acid was as follows： the liquid-solid ratio of 25∶1,ultrasonic power of 310 W, and ultrasonic treatment time of 34 min at 71 ℃, and the residue was hydrolyzed with cellulase, β-glucosidase and xylanase （1∶2∶1） for 48 h at pH 4.8 and temperature 50 ℃. Under this condition, the yield of reducing sugar was 34.49%,which was close to the cellulose content in corncob. The method was proved to be stable and reliable,and could provide preliminary technical support for ethanol production from corncob by fermentation.

Detection Analysis

Simultaneous and rapid detection of 55 antibacterial drugs in organic fertilizer using UPLC-MS/MS

ZHANG Bai-ming, QIN Li-de, WANG Shu-ting, LIU Ying-chun, SUN Xiao-liang, LI Xue-ping, WANG Yu-dong, WANG Xiao-yin, ZHAO Si-jun, CAO Xu-min, LIU Kun, WANG Shu-bai, SONG Cui-ping

2024, 63(5):  175-181.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.031

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An ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） method was established for the simultaneous detection of 55 types of antibacterial drugs, including sulfonamides, macrolides, and quinolones, in organic fertilizer.After grinding and sieving the organic fertilizer into experimental samples, they were purified using HLB solid-phase extraction column. After loading, the samples were sequentially washed with deionized water and 5% acetonitrile aqueous solution, eluted with methanol/ethyl acetate solution （volume ratio 7∶3, containing 5% ammonia）, blown dry with nitrogen, and re-dissolved in 0.1% formic acid water/acetonitrile （volume ratio 9∶1）;measurement was carried out in a multi reaction detection mode, with the external standard method for quantification. The results showed that among the four batches of organic fertilizers, 55 drugs had a good linear relationship （R²>0.990） within the range of 1.0~100 μg/kg,the detection limit of this method was 2.0~7.5 μg/kg,the quantitative limit was 5.0~25.0 μg/kg,the recovery rates of various drugs were 60.2%~118.7%,the relative standard deviation within the batch （n=5） was 0.5%~15.0%, and the relative standard deviation between batches （n=20） was 4.3%~24.1%. This method was simple and reliable, with a good purification effect, and was suitable for the simultaneous detection of sulfonamide, quinolone, and macrocyclic lipid drugs in organic fertilizer.

Simultaneous detection of 13 phenolic acids in Gynostemma pentaphyllum from Pingli, Shaanxi Province by HPLC

WANG Ke, ZHOU Qiong, LI Jian-ke

2024, 63(5):  182-186.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.032

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In order to establish a method for simultaneously detecting the content of 13 phenolic acids in Gynostemma pentaphyllum from Pingli, Shaanxi,high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used. Methanol aqueous solution （80%） was used for room temperature vortex and ultrasonic extraction,the chromatographic column was Dimensions C18（4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm,P/N： 227-30011-07, C/N： 18C03033）, with a mobile phase of methanol （100%） and phosphoric acid aqueous solution （0.5%）. The elution method was gradient elution, with a detection wavelength of 280 nm, column temperature of 30 ℃, flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and injection volume of 5 μL. The results showed that there was a good linear relationship among the 13 phenolic acids at concentrations of 5~100 mg/L, with a correlation coefficient （R²） ≥ 0.998; in the sample spiking recovery experiment, the average spiking recovery rate was 61.8%~131.0%. This determination method had good precision, repeatability, and stability, and was suitable for the determination of phenolic acids content in Gynostemma pentaphyllum from Pingli, Shaanxi.

Agricultural Engineering

Prediction of severity grading of black measles disease in grapes based on improved BiSeNet

BAI Chun-hui, CHEN Jian, GAO Lu-tao

2024, 63(5):  187-193.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.033

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In order to accurately grade and predict the degree of black measles disease in grapes（Vitis vinifera L.）, a semantic segmentation model was used to separate the leaf and lesion parts. The ratio of lesion area to total leaf area on the same leaf was used as the basis for disease severity grading, and the degree of black measles disease in grapes was predicted. 419 grapes disease images from the PlantVillage public database were accurately annotated and subdivided into three categories： background, leaves, and lesions, and data augmentation techniques were applied to increase sample diversity. Using BiSeNet as the benchmark model and introducing GhostNet as the backbone extraction network for context paths not only maintained a small number of model parameters, but also achieved a significant improvement in accuracy, meeting the needs of disease severity classification prediction. A cumulative atrous spatial pyramid pooling （CASPP） module was proposed to replace the single context embedding module in the BiSeNet model, in order to enhance the multi-scale context information extraction ability of the BiSeNet model and improve the segmentation accuracy of the model. After testing, the average Intersection over to Union of this research model in the test set was 94.11%. When predicting the degree of black measles disease in grapes, the accuracy reached 98.21%, which could accurately predict the degree of black measles disease in grapes.

Segmentation method for pruned branches of dwarfing apple trees during winter dormancy period based on improved U-Net

SONG Zhen-shuai, SONG Long, ZHOU Yan, HE Lei, ZHU He, WANG Zhi-min, HAN Da-long

2024, 63(5):  194-200.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.034

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In response to the low efficiency of manual and semi-automatic pruning operations in dwarfing apple trees during the winter dormancy period,based on the U-Net network model, an improved U-Net network model was constructed by combining VGG16 with U-Net. Using VGG16 as the upsampling feature extraction network, the attention mechanism SEnet was used to enhance the image feature extraction ability, improve segmentation accuracy, and then fuse with the downsampling extracted image features to achieve the end-to-end image segmentation effect. The results showed that the MIoU and MPA of the SE2 network model （improved U-Net network model） on the test set were greater than those of the original U-Net network model;in the SE2 network model, when r=8, the MIoU of the test set, MPA of the test set, F_score of the training set, and F_score of the test set were all the highest, with values of 89.59%, 94.17%, 0.942 806, and 0.944 506, respectively; the performance of the SE2 network model （r=8） was validated on the test bench, and it was found that the segmentation performance of the SE2 network model （r=8） was good.

Optimization of slope protection substrate and anti erosion performance in the phyllite area of Southern Shaanxi

LI Wei-hong, ZHOU Xiu-wu, GUO Xiang-bing, LI Hai-chao, LIU Yang, SONG Zong-chang

2024, 63(5):  201-206.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.035

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In order to further explore the suitable slope ecological protection substrate for the Southern Shaanxi phyllite area, the abandoned phyllite gravel in Southern Shaanxi was used as the main substrate, and straw, cement, organic fertilizer, peat soil, and water retaining agent were added to form the slope protection substrate. An orthogonal experiment was designed and the local herbaceous plant tall fescue from Southern Shaanxi was selected as the experimental grass species for potted planting.Using comprehensive scoring method and range analysis method to analyze the optimal ratio of slope protection substrate and the importance of various factors on the growth of tall fescue, and finally indoor simulated rainfall erosion test was used to verify the strength of the substrate. The results showed that in the Southern Shaanxi region, the optimal substrate ratio suitable for the growth of tall fescue was 4% straw content, 4% cement content, 5% organic fertilizer content, 8% peat soil content, and 0.25% water retaining agent content. According to the analysis of range results, it could be concluded that the factors affecting the growth of tall fescue were cement, straw, peat soil, water retaining agent, and organic fertilizer in descending order. The indoor simulated rainfall erosion test showed that the slope protection substrate in this study had good erosion resistance and strong practicality.

Biological Engineering

Genetic structure analysis of 121 wild goji berry germplasms based on SSR fluorescence markers

DAI Guo-li, LIU Na, QIN Ken, ZHANG Bo, YIN Yue, MI Ja, HE Xin-ru

2024, 63(5):  207-214.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.036

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121 wild goji berry（Lycium barbarum L.） germplasms were collected as materials, 9 pairs of SSR primers were used of amplification, and polymorphism was analyzed using GeneALEX and Power Marker software. Genetic diversity analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis were performed using NTSYS and STRUC-TURE software.The results showed that a total of 108 alleles were detected using 9 pairs of SSR primers. The number of alleles （Na）, effective alleles （Ne）, observed heterozygosity （Ho）, expected heterozygosity （He）, polymorphic information content （PIC）, and Shannon’s information index were 12, 4.620, 0.678, 0.651, 0.629, and 1.568, respectively;the clustering results showed that 121 wild goji berry germplasms could be divided into 5 subgroups. The genetic structure of the population showed that when K=5, 121 germplasms could be divided into 5 subgroups. The genetic distance between NXGY-02 and NXGY-03 germplasms from Ningxia and 6 germplasms from Inner Mongolia was the farthest, and the genetic relationship was relatively distant,there was extensive gene exchange among other wild goji berry germplasms from Qinghai Province, Xinjiang, Gansu Province, and Inner Mongolia;the wild goji berry germplasms in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia had the possibility of independent origin and evolution, while the germplasms in Xinjiang, Gansu, and Qinghai provinces were closely related to the germplasms in Ningxia and were likely to belong to the same origin.

Identification of the MYB family of Actinidia deliciosa and its response to flooding stress

YUE You-zhang, WANG Jian-jun, JI Xiao-mei, CHI Wen-chao, LIN Zhi-xi

2024, 63(5):  215-222.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.037

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Based on the second-generation transcriptome sequencing data of Actinidia deliciosa, AcMYB family genes were identified and analyzed using various bioinformatics methods. The results showed that a total of 64 AcMYB family members with complete ORF sequences were obtained from the transcriptome data of Actinidia deliciosa, which were divided into 4 subgroups. Among them, subgroup I had 34 members, subgroup II had 18 members, subgroup III had 10 members, and subgroup IV had 2 members. Expression analysis before and after waterlogging treatment showed that the expression levels of AcMYB members such as AcMYB214187 and AcMYB25788 were significantly reduced in the roots of Actinidia deliciosa, responding quickly to waterlogging stress, while there was no significant difference in expression levels in the leaves. The expression levels in the roots of AcMYB members such as AcMYB19450 and AcMYB30021 were not significantly different, but the expression levels in the leaves were significantly reduced. This might be due to the fact that the roots, upon receiving hypoxic stress signals, transmitted them to the aboveground parts and exerted their effects, regulating the response of Actinidia deliciosa to hypoxic stress at the transcriptional level. The research results provided a basis for further research on MYB transcription factors in Actinidia deliciosa, promoting stress resistance breeding, and improving yield.

Economy & Management

Study on the coordination mechanism of ecological, social and economic integration development of desertification control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

LIU Si-yu, QIN Tao, ZHENG Yu-jie, JING Guanxiaoyu, ZHENG Ping-ping

2024, 63(5):  223-228.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.038

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Taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as the sample, the ecological, social and economic data of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2004 to 2018 were selected, the index weight system of desertification control was established, and the coupling degree, coupling coordination degree and entropy method were introduced to measure the coordination status of the coupling system. The results showed that from 2004 to 2018, the comprehensive development index of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region had been in a state of continuous growth, and the coupling coordination degree was in a fluctuation and rising trend. The coupling coordination of Beijing and Hebei was always in the high quality coordinated development category; Tianjin had experienced moderate depression to severe depression to moderate depression, which was lower compared with Beijing and Hebei. There was some volatility in the integration process of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the comprehensive integration development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was slower than the integrated development of economic, social and ecological subsystems.

Research on value-added income distribution of collective construction land entering the market based on land use and classification

YUAN Chen-guang, WANG Ling-chao, SONG Yan-hua, WANG Zi-wei, WANG Lei

2024, 63(5):  229-235.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.039

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The factors affecting value-added income of collective construction land entering the market were divided into external factors and internal factors. The external factors were divided into government influence factors and collective influence factors, and the government influence factor reflected the government’s contribution to value-added income. Collective influence factors and internal factors reflected collective contribution to value-added income. Based on the process data of collective construction land and agricultural land benchmark land price evaluation, the influence factor score was calculated and the regression model of value-added income and influencing factors was established. According to the contribution of government and collective to value-added income, the proportion of allocation by land use and classification was calculated. The results showed that there were great differences in the distribution proportion of value-added income at different levels, the proportion of government allocation decreased with the decrease of class, and the proportion of collective allocation increased with the decrease of class. For each decrease in the class level, the proportion of government allocation of the commercial service land, the industrial, mining and storage land would decrease by 2.66% and 2.34% respectively, and the proportion of collective distribution increased by 2.66% and 2.34% respectively. For the commercial service land, the average distribution proportion of government in the value-added income was 31.58%, which was significantly higher than 23.68% in the industrial, mining and storage land.

Analysis of the reasons and countermeasures for the price scissors difference in the transfer of agricultural land management right

XIAO Yue-qi, XIE Yun, WANG Yi-kai

2024, 63(5):  236-240.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.040

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Based on the analysis of the two current situations of the high price and low price transfer of agricultural land, the paper concluded that the reason for the further expansion of the price scissors difference of agricultural land transfer was that the price of land transfer spontaneously formed in rural acquaintance society was relatively low; for the large-scale land circulation guided by village committee, its price was running at a high level, and the two showed the development trend of scissors difference. Based on this, it was proposed that the government should create a unified circulation information platform to promote the openness of land circulation market; reduce the love land complex, weaken the human economy; construct perfect pricing mechanism and dynamic adjustment mechanism of price index; take stock in exchange for farmers’ land, and be wary of speculation.

The necessity analysis, realistic investigation, and transformation strategies of green poverty reduction in the post poverty alleviation era

LI Xiao-xia

2024, 63(5):  241-249.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.041

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In order to better consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation, focus on poverty reduction practices in the post poverty alleviation era, and achieve sustainable rural development, the future path of rural development in the post-poverty alleviation era was comprehensively considered. It was pointed out that the future development of rural poverty reduction must be guided by the concept of green development, with ecological protection as the premise, green growth as the benchmark, and sustainable development as the direction. By coordinating the relationship between human, nature, and society in the process of poverty reduction, poverty reduction and revitalization in poverty-stricken areas could be promoted, and human freedom and comprehensive development could be achieved. Firstly, the necessity of green poverty reduction development in the post poverty alleviation era was analyzed, which met the inherent requirements of green, low-carbon, and sustainable development, filled the ecological gap caused by the green gap in economic development, consolidated poverty alleviation achievements to promote long-term development, and provided feasible solutions for rural revitalization and modernization construction. Secondly, it pointed out the current practical challenges： the long-term existence of relative poverty, the occurrence of returning to poverty and new forms of poverty, the potential impact of macroeconomic changes, the challenges brought by the shift in poverty reduction work, and the coexistence of urban-rural poverty reduction disparities. Finally, strategies for promoting transformation and upgrading were proposed： real-time benchmarking of issues, transformation of supporting mechanisms; targeting the root causes of poverty and blocking intergenerational transmission; focusing on human development and achieving common prosperity.

The measure of the common prosperity process and its spatio-temporal evolution analysis in Sichuan Province

GUO Yao-hui, KUANG Jia-xin, XIE Lei, YANG Wan-bao

2024, 63(5):  250-257.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.05.042

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Based on the two basic dimensions of common prosperity,namely common degree and prosperity degree, the evaluation index system of common prosperity in Sichuan Province was constructed. The methods of entropy weight-Topsis model, variation coefficient method and coupling coordinated model were used to measure the development level of common prosperity of 21 cities and prefectures from 2012 to 2021, and the characteristics of its spatial-temporal evolution and the coordinated development level of two basic dimensions of common prosperity were analyzed. The results showed that from 2012 to 2021, the development level of common prosperity in Sichuan Province showed a steady upward trend, but the development level of common prosperity was quite different in different regions, showing the spatial characteristics of “high in the middle and low in the surrounding areas”. Both the common degree index and prosperity degree index of the 21 cities and prefectures in Sichuan Province showed a positive growth trend, and the growth rate of the prosperity degree index was higher than that of the common degree index, but there was a significant difference between the common degree and prosperity degree. The coupling coordinated development trend of the two dimensions of common prosperity in Sichuan Province had changed significantly, and the coupling coordination degree showed a stable growth trend, and the coordination level had also moved from a moderate imbalance level to a good coordination level.