Table of Content

25 April 2024, Volume 63 Issue 4

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Breeding & Cultivation

Changes in the vigor of wheat seeds produced under different nitrogen application rates during seed production

ZHANG Min

2024, 63(4):  1-5.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.001

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In order to explore the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the seed vigor of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） and find out the best fertilization amount, the wheat variety Jimai 22 was selected as the test material, the seeds under different nitrogen application rates were harvested for standard germination test, and the germination, seeding growth and physiological indexes of the seed were determined. The results showed that the yield and seed vigor index of wheat were the highest when the pure nitrogen application rate was 154 kg/hm² and 220 kg/hm², which was suitable for the production of high vigor wheat seeds. Under no nitrogen application, the seed yield and vigor index were the lowest, the seed water content was high, and the germination rate was the fastest, indicating that the seed texture of wheat with no nitrogen application became loose, and it was easier to absorb water during germination, thus accelerating the germination process. Under each nitrogen application level, the seed germination index did not change much. There was a very significant correlation between the absolute content of seed protein and the dry weight of seedlings （P<0.01）.

Changes of growth and phosphorus utilization of highland barley under excessive phosphorus application

TAN Jian-xin

2024, 63(4):  6-6.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.002

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To explore the upper limit of phosphorus fertilizer application for the main highland barley varieties and new highland barley strains, and find out the characteristics of growth, development, and nutrient absorption and utilization of new highland barley varieties （lines） under excessive phosphorus application, five treatments were set up, including control without phosphorus application （CK）, conventional phosphorus application treatment （P1）, and excessive phosphorus application treatments （P2, P3, P4）, to study the changes in growth and phosphorus absorption and utilization of highland barley under excessive phosphorus application. The application rates of P₂O₅ in the five treatments were 0, 56.2, 138.5, 220.8 and 277.0 kg/hm², respectively. The results showed that the highest tillering number of highland barley increased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer application amount. Applying phosphorus could increase the number of mature ears of highland barley, but excessive phosphorus application could reduce the number of mature ears of highland barley. Applying phosphorus fertilizer could increase the plant height of highland barley, but when the amount of phosphorus fertilizer increased to a certain extent, the increase in plant height of highland barley was not significant. Applying phosphorus fertilizer could increase the average and maximum filling rates of highland barley, and with the increase of phosphorus application rate, they first increased and then decreased. The phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency, phosphorus fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency, phosphorus fertilizer partial productivity, and yield of the two highland barley varieties （lines） showed a decreasing trend with the increase of phosphorus application amount. The above analysis showed that excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer would lead to a decrease in the number of ears of highland barley and a significant decrease in phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency.

Technology integration and benefit analysis of rice+frog-mushroom comprehensive planting and breeding model

GONG Shi-fei, CAO Peng, GUO Yuan-ping, WANG Wei, ZHAO Chang-song, LUO Yi, LAN Yu-mei, XIAO Neng-wu

2024, 63(4):  12-16.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.003

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The rice+frog-mushroom comprehensive planting and breeding model is an ecological agricultural development model that efficiently utilizes the spatio-temporal resources of rice fields for annual production. In recent years, it has shown a good development trend in northwest Hubei and gradually formed a certain scale. The technical measures such as field supporting engineering construction, rice planting, frog farming, and Morchella esculenta （L.） Pers. cultivation technology measures of the model were expounded, and the comprehensive benefits of the rice+frog-mushroom comprehensive planting and breeding model and the conventional planting system were analyzed. The results showed that the yield to investment ratios of the rice+frog-mushroom comprehensive planting and breeding model and the rice-rape rotation model were 1.53 and 1.46, respectively. The average net income of the former reached 201 967 yuan/hm², which was much higher than that of the latter. Although the rice+frog-mushroom comprehensive planting and breeding model had a high cost investment, the entire process adopted green production technology, which improved the utilization rate of agricultural resources and product quality, and had good ecological and social benefits. Finally, relevant suggestions were put forward for the rational development of the rice+frog-mushroom comprehensive planting and breeding model.

Resource & Environment

The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly improved the physical and chemical properties of jujube orchard soil and the yield and quality of Ziziphus jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao

ZHANG Zhi-ying, ZHANG Wang-lin, ZHANG Lian-shui

2024, 63(4):  17-23.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.004

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Four treatments were set up, including single application of chemical fertilizer （T1）, single application of organic fertilizer （sheep manure） （T2）, combined application of 50% organic fertilizer nitrogen and 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen （T3）, and no fertilization control （CK）. The effects of different fertilization methods on the physical and chemical properties of 0~20 cm soil in the jujube orchard and the yield and quality of Zizyphus jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao were studied. The results showed that different fertilization treatments had different effects on the physical and chemical properties of 0~20 cm soil in the jujube orchard. Compared with CK and T1, the soil bulk density and pH of T3 decreased significantly （P<0.05）, and the soil porosity, organic matter content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen and available phosphorus content of T3 increased significantly （P<0.05）. Compared with CK and T1, the appearance quality of jujube fruit in T2 and T3 was significantly improved, the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of jujube fruit treated with T2 and T3 were significantly increased （P<0.05）, the content of total soluble sugar and VC in jujube fruit treated with T2 and T3 were also significantly increased, and the bad fruit rate of T2 and T3 was decreased. The single fruit weight and yield of each fertilization treatment were significantly higher than those of CK. The yield and net income of jujube fruit in T3 were the highest, and were significantly higher than those of T1 （P<0.05）. In conclusion, the combined application of 50% organic fertilizer nitrogen and 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen could effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and significantly enhance the yield and quality of jujube fruit.

The characteristics of wheat seeding growth and soil microorganisms under biological bacterial fertilizer

SUN Meng, NING Song-rui, YAN An, YANG Li, LU Qian-cheng, ZUO Xiao-xiao, LI Jing-yan, FAN Jun

2024, 63(4):  24-29.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.005

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To explore the effects of different biological bacterial fertilizers on wheat growth, soil nutrients and microbial quantity, a pot experiment was conducted with wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） as the test object and no fertilizer as the CK control. Four kinds of biological bacterial fertilizers including water-soluble saline-alkali soil composite bacteria （A）, insoluble saline-alkali soil composite bacteria （B）, Bacillus subtilis （C）, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens （D） and three application gradients were set up. The growth index of wheat seedings, physical and chemical properties and microorganisms quantity of soil were determined. The result showed that the plant height, chlorophyll SPAD and aboveground dry matter of wheat seedings treated with four kinds of biological bacterial fertilizers A, B, C and D were higher than those of CK, and these growth indexes of wheat seedlings in each treatment increased with the increase of the amount of biological bacterial fertilizers. The contents of soil organic matter, total nutrients （total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium） and available nutrients （alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium） of wheat treated with four kinds of biological bacterial fertilizers were higher than those of CK. The number of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil of potted wheat treated with each biological bacterial fertilizer was higher than that of CK, while the number of fungi was lower than that of CK. Through principal component analysis, Bacillus subtilis （C） had the best effect on improving soil when the application amount was 0.80 g/kg.

Screening, identification and culture conditions optimization of a highly efficient potassium-solubilizing bacteria

ZHANG Lei, QIU Lu-fan, LIU Li-hong, ZHAO Xue-yu, HAN Chun-mei

2024, 63(4):  30-36.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.006

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Five strains of potassium-solubilizing bacteria were isolated and screened from black soil paddy field. One strain （S1）with high efficiency of potassium-solubilizing was screened by its morphological characteristics and potassium-solubilizing ability. The species of S1 was identified by 16S rDNA, and the culture conditions of the strain were optimized by the single factor test and orthogonal test. The results showed that the five strains of potassium-solubilizing bacteria were all able to decompose potassium feldspar effectively. Strain S1 had the highest potassium-solubilizing ability with a potassium-solubilizing rate of 57.03%, and the content of potassium-solubilizing in the fermentation broth was 3.852 mg/L, which was the best potassium-solubilizing bacteria. The potassium-solubilizing strain S1 was identified as Burkholderia ambifaria. The optimized culture conditions were carbon source 1.0% mannitol, nitrogen source 1.0% peptone, inorganic salt 0.5% K₂HPO₄, culture temperature 30 ℃, culture time 48 h, liquid volume 80 mL/250 mL, initial pH 6.5, and inoculation volume 5.0%.

Influencing factors of oil production rate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa

LI Cheng-cheng, LIU Kang-xin, DAI Bai-le, CHEN Xue-ru, TANG Hong-feng

2024, 63(4):  37-40.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.007

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BG-11 was used as the basic medium to establish different culture systems for Chlorella pyrenoidosa culture by adding and replacing different carbon and nitrogen sources, changing the proportion of carbon and nitrogen sources, removing phosphorus or sulfur and adding additional plant growth regulator, and the effects of various factors on the growth and oil production rate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were investigated. The results showed that the growth and oil production rate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were better than those of Chlorella vulgaris in both autotrophic and heterotrophic systems. The oil production rates of the two Chlorella species in the heterotrophic system were 20.14% and 18.66%, respectively. When glucose was used as the carbon source, the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was the best and the oil production rate was the highest, and the oil production rate was 26.40%. When the nitrogen source was urea, the maximum oil production rate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was got, and was 32.70%. The highest oil production rate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was 34.42% when the carbon-nitrogen ratio was 30∶1. The oil production rate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under sulfur deficiency increased by 28.54 percentage points compared with the control. Under the interference of jasmonic acid with the concentration of 1.5 mg/L, the oil production rate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was the highest, which was 40.42%. The results indicated that the growth and oil production rate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were better than those of Chlorella vulgaris; glucose was the best carbon source; urea was the best nitrogen source; the oil production rate was the highest when the carbon nitrogen ratio was 30∶1; sulfur deficiency had a greater effect on Chlorella pyrenoidosa; the oil production rate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was the highest under the interference of jasmonic acid with a concentration of 1.5 mg/L.

Growth status of invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides after adding earthworms

ZHANG Bao-cheng, JIANG Yan, ZENG Gang

2024, 63(4):  41-43.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.008

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Because the chemical substances in the invasive organisms themselves affected soil animals and soil processes, this experiment used earthworms, a common soil animal, and Alternanthera philoxeroides （Mart.） Griseb., an important invasive plant, as materials to study the effects of earthworms on physiological and biochemical indexes and growth of A. philoxeroides. The results showed that the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and total chlorophyll in leaves of A. philoxeroides increased with the increase of of the number of earthworms. The contents of starch and non-structural carbohydrate （NSC） in the leaves of A. philoxeroides increased with the increase of the number of earthworms. With the increase of the number of earthworms, the mass per unit area and tiller number of A. philoxeroides showed an upward trend. It could be seen that soil animals earthworms were beneficial to the growth of the invasive plant A. philoxeroides.

Characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties in saline-alkali land of Yinbei under different land use patterns

WU Xia, WANG Zhang-jun, FAN Li-qin, ZHANG Yong-hong, WANG Xu

2024, 63(4):  44-48.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.009

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Taking saline-alkali land in Yinbei area as the research object, the effects of four land use patterns （dry land, paddy field, shrubbery and grassland） on soil bulk density, total porosity, organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, total potassium content, pH and total salt content in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers were studied. The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties of different land use types in Yinbei area were significantly different （P<0.05）. The soil bulk density of dry land and paddy fields was higher than that of shrubland and grassland, and the total soil porosity was lower than that of shrubland and grassland. The soil organic carbon and total nutrients of four land use types were similar in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers. The content of organic carbon and total nitrogen was the highest in shrubbery, followed by dry land and paddy fields, and the lowest in grassland. The soil total phosphorus content in dry land and paddy fields was significantly higher than that in shrubbery and grassland（P<0.05）. The total potassium content was the highest in dryland soil and the lowest in paddy fields. The soil pH and total salt content of grassland were significantly higher than those of the other three land use types（P<0.05）, except for the 20~40 cm soil layer of dry land. The weighted gray correlation analysis showed that the correlation degree of soil physical and chemical properties in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers was the highest in shrubbery, followed by dry land and paddy fields, and the lowest in grassland, indicating that shrubbery had the best effect on improving soil physical and chemical properties in Yinbei saline-alkali land.

Spatial-temporal evolution and influencing factors of cultivated land in karst mountainous area

SHI Hou-jun, WANG Hong, LAN An-jun, YANG En-lin

2024, 63(4):  49-55.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.010

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The spatial-temporal evolution and influencing factors of cultivated land in the karst mountainous area were analyzed using kernel density and transfer matrix methods with cultivated land data of Zhenfeng County, Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2020 as the object. The results showed that from 2010 to 2020, the cultivated land area decreased from 56 754.16 hm² to 39 715.85 hm², a total decrease of 17 038.31 hm², and the degree of fragmentation increased. During the study period, cultivated land was mainly converted into forest and garden land, which mainly occurred in the central part of the study area around Baiceng Township, Lurong Township, and Lugong Township, followed by the continuous occupation of cultivated land by construction land, which accelerated the reduction of cultivated land area. Natural and social factors jointly influenced the distribution of cultivated land and its changes, and cultivated land was mainly distributed on slopes of 6° to 25° and within 100 m of the buffer zone of roads and settlements.

Eco-environmental quality evaluation based on multi-temporal RSEI： A case study in Xinmin City

WANG Jing-li, YU Peng-cheng, CAI Fu, LIU Hui-nan, GAO Tian-jiao

2024, 63(4):  56-60.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.011

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Taking Xinmin City of Liaoning Province as the research object, based on the Landsat 8 OLI_TRIS data of similar months （May to June） in 2014, 2017 and 2020, four ecological factors [greenness （NDVI）, humidity （WET）, dryness （NDBSI）, heat （LST）] were extracted, and the remote sensing ecological index （RSEI） was constructed by principal component analysis to evaluate the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of eco-environment quality in the study area. The results showed that the regional mean values of RSEI in Xinmin City in 2014, 2017 and 2020 were 0.397, 0.348 and 0.506 respectively, showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. From 2014 to 2020, the areas with poor eco-environmental quality and relatively poor eco-environmental quality were mainly distributed in the northwest region, and the area ratio decreased from 62.5% to 33.2%. The areas with relatively good eco-environmental quality and good eco-environmental quality were mainly distributed in the southeast, and the proportion of area showed an obvious trend of first decreasing and then increasing, from 21.3% to 18.4% and then rising to 37.0%. Among the four factors, greenness and humidity played a positive role in the quality of eco-enviroment, and the positive effect of humidity was generally more significant; dryness and heat played a negative role, and the negative effect of dryness was more significant.

Plant Protection

Effects of environmental and meteorological factors on the occurrence rule of citrus psyllid, an important transmission vector of citrus huanglongbing

MAI Xin-jing, WANG Pan, CAI Si-hang, HUANG Jiang-hua

2024, 63(4):  61-66.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.012

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The sensitivity of the citrus psyllid （Diaphorina citri） to environmental and meteorological factors and its relationship with the spread of huanglongbing （HLB） were investigated. The basic information about the citrus psyllid was summarized and the impact of environmental factors （such as altitude, latitude, soil, field management, hosts, and biological factors） and meteorological factors （such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, light, and air pressure） on its occurrence patterns was explored. The information helped in predicting the occurrence of citrus psyllid and formulating effective control strategies to reduce the risk of huanglongbing transmission.

Laboratory control of 19 insecticides against Lixus subtilis Boheman of Chenopodium quinoa

XU Zhi-ping, ZHAO Xiao-jun, XING-Kun, ZHAO-Fei

2024, 63(4):  67-72.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.013

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Using diatomaceous earth and yellow soil as pesticide carriers, 19 insecticides were used to control Lixus subtilis Boheman of Chenopodium quinoa in laboratory. The results showed that 40% chlorpyrifos EC and 40% phoxim EC showed the quick-acting property and sustained performance, and the control effects reached 100% after 7 days, which was recommended for production. Using diatomite as the carrier, the control effects of 5% acetamiprid EC, 3.2% beta-cypermethrin·emamectin benzoate ME, 5% emamectin benzoate SC and 20% dinotefuran soluble granule were significantly improved, and the control effects were 100.0%, 100.0%, 73.3% and 95.8%, respectively, after 7 days of administration, which could effectively control Lixus subtilis Boheman of Chenopodium quinoa, and it was recommended to use the mixed application of insecticide and diatomaceous earth in production.

Horticulture

Effect of spraying lime sulfur on promoting fruit coloring of orah

HUANG Qi-chun, TAN Song-yue, WANG Ni-na, LIU Fu-ping, LIU Ji-min, HU Cheng-xiao, LIAO Hui-hong, HUANG Hong-ming, WEI Chi-zhang, CHEN Dong-kui, ZENG Zhi-kang

2024, 63(4):  73-77.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.014

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In order to verify the effect of spraying lime sulfur on the fruit coloring of orah, different treatments of lime sulfur were carried out in Chengxiang Town, Wuming District, Nanning City, Guangxi Province. The results showed that in the key period of maturity and color transformation（December 30th）, the spray of lime sulfur had a significant effect on promoting the red transformation and coloring of orah. A single spray of lime sulfur 1.2 Baume degree had the most significant effect on promoting the red transformation and coloring, and the redness value a* increased by 15.24% compared with CK. The overall coloration index CCI of orah was increased by 40.07% compared with CK, both of which reached the level of extremely significant differences. After a single spraying of 0.8 Baume degree, a* and CCI increased by 11.67% and 32.31% respectively compared with CK. All treatments sprayed with lime sulfur showed an improvement effect on reddening and coloring. According to field observation, the lime sulfur also had good control effect on diseases and pests such as canker, gray mold, aphids, thrips, scale insects, red spiders, etc.

Determination of pollen ploidy of cabbage by flow cytometry

YANG Ding, LI Chong-juan, LYU Feng-xian, HE Jiang-ming, LAN Mei, HU Jing-feng, XU Xue-zhong

2024, 63(4):  78-81.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.015

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Pollen ploidy of Brassica oleracea var. capitata was determined by flow cytometry. Pollen of cabbage GL21028 was used as the material, and leaves were used as the control to compare the effects of two pollen treatments, three different cell lysates, and two nucleic acid dyes. Pollen cells obtained through B buffer could be directly stained, which was the easiest treatment method. Cabbage leaves and pollen were treated with “Aru” buffer and Y lysates and stains DAPI, and flow cytometry was used for detection. The DNA of the sample cells was concentrated, and there were few cell fragments. The prepared Y lysate could be used for the observation of cabbage material by flow cytometry. Cabbage pollen treated with B buffer could be directly used as the material for flow cytometry ploidy identification, no other treatment was required, and the prepared Y lysate could obtain better test results.

Creation and identification of Brassica juncea var. longepetiolata Yang et Chen breeding materials resistant to clubroot

LI Chong-juan, YANG Ding, LYU Feng-xian, HE Jiang-ming, LAN Mei, YANG Hong-li, XU Xue-zhong, HU Jing-feng, ZHANG Li-qin

2024, 63(4):  82-89.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.016

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The high quality breeding and clubroot disease resistance material of Brassica juncea var. longepetiolata Yang et Chen was created by introducing the clubroot disease resistance gene of Brassica rapa into Brassica juncea var. longepetiolata Yang et Chen through distant and reciprocal hybridization. The resistance of 10 Chinese cabbage materials to clubroot disease was analyzed by the combination of artificial inoculation identification and molecular marker identification, and one material CCR21002 was selected as the resistant resource to be created as the breeding material for clubroot disease resistance of Brassica juncea var. longepetiolata Yang et Chen. CCR21002 was used as the male parent and female parent to provide anti-clubroot disease genes, and the hybrid F₁ was obtained with the embryo rescue technique. F₁, whose plant morphology was more favorable to Brassica juncea var. longepetiolata Yang et Chen, was backcrossed to obtain BC₁, and the BC₁ generation plants were analyzed by morphology, cytology and disease resistance identification. The results showed that the backcross generation was more difficult to obtain than the hybrid generation. Among the 13 strains of BC₁ that survived by embryo rescue, only 1 strain was screened with genotype AABB and resistance to clubroot disease. The resistance gene was identified by molecular markers as CRb, and most of the traits of Brassica juncea var. longepetiolata Yang et Chen were retained in plant morphology. It was proved that a new germplasm resistant to physiological race 4 was obtained through remote cross and backcross with anti-clubroot disease Chinese cabbage, which could be used for backcrossing breeding.

Effects of different concentrations of cadmium contaminated soil on kiwifruit

ZHENG Chang-rui, TANG Yun-lai, LIAO Hui-ping, LUO Zhong-wei, FANG Li, XU Xing-zhu

2024, 63(4):  90-95.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.017

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The effects of cadmium（Cd） contaminated soil with different concentrations on the growth of kiwifruit（Actinidia chinensis Planch.） and the accumulation and transfer rule of Cd in kiwifruit were studied by pot simulation experiment. The results showed that the fresh weight, rhizomes diameter, root length and leaf area of kiwifruit were all not significantly affected in the soil polluted by low concentration Cd. In the soil polluted by medium and high concentration Cd, the growth and development of kiwifruit were inhibited, and the fresh weight, rhizomes diameter, root length and leaf area were all decreased, and the growth was more severely inhibited with the higher concentration Cd; with the increase of soil Cd concentration, the absorption capacity of kiwifruit leaves increased but the enrichment capacity remained unchanged, the absorption capacity of kiwifruit stems increased but the enrichment capacity first decreased and then increased, and the absorption capacity of kiwifruit roots increased but the enrichment capacity first decreased and then tended to be stable; with the increase of soil Cd concentration, the transfer coefficients of kiwifruit first decreased and then tended to be stable, and the transfer coefficients were all less than 1. The heavy metal Cd was mainly enriched in the roots of kiwifruit. Under the conditions of different concentrations of Cd pollution, the enrichment coefficients of the roots, stems and leaves of kiwifruit were root > stem > leaf.

Effects of nitrogen on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Cinnamomum bodinieri seedlings under drought stress

TANG Jia-le, DUAN Hai-bo, WANG Jing

2024, 63(4):  96-100.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.018

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To investigate the response to drought stress and the effect of exogenous nitrogen addition on drought resistance, 1-year-old Cinnamomum bodinieri seedlings were used as experimental materials, and the Hoagland nutrient solution was used as the nitrogen source. Two nitrogen levels, nitrogen deficiency （N₀） and nitrogen application （N₁） were set, and drought treatment was applied. The growth indexes, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters were measured at 0 d（normal water, W₀）, 3 d（mild drought, W₁）, 5 d（moderate drought, W₂） and 8 d（severe drought, W₃） after stopping watering, respectively. The results showed that drought stress could inhibit the growth and biomass accumulation of Cinnamomum bodinieri seedlings, reduce leaf chlorophyll content, induce stomatal closure, reduce intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, and inhibit the net photosynthetic rate of leaves. Exogenous nitrogen addition could promote the growth of Cinnamomum bodinieri seedlings, mainly reflected in the growth of the above-ground part, and could increase the chlorophyll content of the seedlings, and significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate of the seedlings under drought stress.

Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance of new flue-cured tobacco varieties in Henan Province by drought index method

SUN Ji-ping, LI Xue-jun, LI Li-hua, ZHAO Shi-min, SUN Huan, ZHOU Jun-xue

2024, 63(4):  101-105.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.019

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Taking Zhongyan 100, Yunyan 87 and NC89 as control varieties, PEG（polyethylene glycol） simulated drought test and pot water control test were used to study the effect of drought stress on the new varieties. Drought index method was used to evaluate the drought resistance of the new flue-cured tobacco varieties in Henan Province. The results showed that Heluo No.1 had the strongest drought resistance; the second was Yunongxiang 201, which had strong drought resistance under moderate drought stress, and the normal growth of tobacco leaves was affected under severe drought; the drought resistance of Qushou No.1 was basically equivalent to that of the control variety NC89, Zhongyan 100 and Yunyan 87.

The effect of exogenous selenium on the growth, physiological characteristics and selenium content of dandelion

MENG Xiang-long, ZHAO Zhi-guo, LIN Xiang-jun, SONG Xiao-qian, LU Qi, TANG Zhong-hua

2024, 63(4):  106-111.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.020

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In order to study the effect of foliar spraying of exogenous selenium on the growth and quality of dandelion, a pot experiment was used to spray dandelion leaves with different concentrations of sodium selenite solution （0, 100, 200, 300, 400 μmol/L）, the effects of selenium on dandelion growth, photosynthetic system, antioxidant enzyme system, active ingredients and selenium content were analyzed. The results showed that, with the increase of spraying selenium concentration, growth indexes such as root length and fresh weight of dandelion showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Compared with the control, the application of 200 μmol/L sodium selenite could significantly improve the photosynthesis rate and photochemical reaction efficiency of dandelion, and increase the content of photosynthetic pigments. The activities of SOD and CAT in dandelion leaves were the highest when the selenium concentration was 200 μmol/L, and the activity of POD was the highest when the concentration of selenium was 300 μmol/L （P<0.05）. Selenium application could effectively increase the content of chlorogenic acids, total flavonoids and total polyphenols in dandelion. Compared with the control, when the selenium concentration was 200 μmol/L, the contents of total flavonoids and total polyphenols were significantly increased by 49.73% and 31.34%, respectively. The selenium content of dandelion increased significantly after selenium application, and the selenium content of leaves and roots and the amount of selenium application were in line with a quadratic equation. Dandelion leaves were sensitive to changes in exogenous selenium concentration and were the main part of selenium enrichment. The study concluded that foliar application of 200 μmol/L sodium selenite was the best concentration for culturing selenium-enriched dandelion.

Chinese Medicinal Materials

Screening and preliminary evaluation of application potential of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus seedling substrates

CHEN Feng-xin, TIAN Hong-ling, WANG Jun-hong, GAO Fen

2024, 63(4):  112-117.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.021

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In order to provide the seedling substrates for cultivating high-quality seedlings to promote the production of transplanted-Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus （AMM）, six organic compound substrates were prepared by using vinasse as the main material supplemented with cow dung and biogas residues in this study. Their physicochemical properties and the content of alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were measured. The organic compound substrates F2 （vinasse-cow dung 60-20） and Z2 （vinasse-biogas residue 60-20） were selected by analyzing the influence of auxiliary materials on the substrate properties via PLS-DA model and assessing the fertilization efficiency of each compound substrate via fuzzy evaluation method. Then, substrates F2 and Z2 were mixed with soil at the ratio of 3∶7 to make seedling substrate, respectively; and their application potentials were evaluated by seed germination and seedling growth test. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of each organic compound substrate could meet the requirements of conventional substrates, and the substrates F2 and Z2 had the higher evaluation coefficients of fertilization efficiency in the cow dung group and biogas residue group respectively. Among the mixed seedling substrates, the “F2+soil” group had the highest seed germination rate, and the germination potential and germination index were significantly higher than the “Z2+soil” and control groups; the whole plant length, height and fresh weight of seedlings were obviously superior to those of the seedlings in the other two groups. In sum, the organic compound substrate F2 had good performances, and the seedling substrate obtained by mixing F2 and soil could be used to cultivate high quality AMM seedlings and had good application potential.

Effects of sowing depth and soil water content on rate of emergence and seedling growth of Cyathula officinalis

GUO Xiao-liang, ZHANG Ya-juan, DUAN Yuan-yuan, HUANG Hao

2024, 63(4):  118-122.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.022

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By analyzing and comparing the effects of different sowing depth and soil water content on the seed rate of emergence and seedling growth of Cyathula officinalis, the suitable sowing depth and water content of seedbed soil were explored. The pot experiment was carried out with different sowing depth and soil water content treatments. Water was replenished by weighing, and germination potential, rate of emergence, seedling growth and physiological indexes were determined. The results showed that the sowing depth and soil water content had a significant influence on the seed rate of emergence and seedling growth. The germination potential and rate of emergence were higher when the sowing depth was 0.31~0.61 cm. When the seeding depth was 0.61~0.92 cm, the chlorophyll content of seedling leaves was higher and the stress resistance of seedlings was better. The germination potential and rate of emergence were higher when soil water content was 60.71%. The seedlings grew better when soil water content was 53.35%~60.71%. The seedlings had better stress resistance when soil water content was 38.62%~53.35%. The chlorophyll content in seedling leaves was higher when soil water content was 45.98%~53.35%. The suitable sowing depth of Cyathula officinalis seeds was 0.61 cm. The rate of emergence was higher and the emergence was orderly when soil water content was about 60.71%. After seed emergence, the seedling grew vigorously, the chlorophyll content of leaves was higher, and the seedlings had better stress resistance when soil water content was about 53.35%.

Aquatic Products

Influence of water quality factors on the ecological cultivation of Chinese mitten crabs in Yangcheng Lake

WU Ke, WU Dong-mei, PAN Yun-sheng, QIAN Yu-lin, WU Jun-mei, XIA Yun-yu

2024, 63(4):  123-126.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.023

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An observation experiment site was established in Wushentan Village, Bacheng Town, Kunshan City to observe the water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen and the growth dynamics of Chinese mitten crabs,to discuss the suitable water quality environment for the growth of crabs. The results showed that the water temperature had the greatest influence on crabs, with sudden changes in temperature or exceeding 30 ℃ leading to their death; dissolved oxygen showed a unimodal distribution during the day, indicating that algae contributed most to it. After mid-July, pH gradually decreased and leveled off, the lower overall value of ammonia nitrogen was beneficial for the growth of crabs. Water temperature around 28 ℃, dissolved oxygen maintained above 4 mg/L, and pH 7.5~8.5 were the suitable growth environment.

Impacts of eco-spatial marine water changes on fish diversity in the Zhujiang River estuary

WANG Chan

2024, 63(4):  127-135.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.024

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Data about fish diversity in the Zhujiang River estuary from 2016 to 2018 were collected for the water environment data analysis and species diversity assessment. The results of RDA analysis showed that water depth, dissolved oxygen, water coverage, salinity, pH and water temperature had certain influences on fish, among which the degree of chromium influence on fish diversity accounted for 25.92% of the variables of overall water quality. During the experimental period, the parameters of seawater quality changed over time, and the response of family, genus, and species of fish to nitrite and lead changes was the most senstitive, especially the Cyprinidae. The large amount of industrial pollution discharged affected the fish population size. In addition, chromium and petroleum substances were the significant conditions that determined the fish diversity in the Zhujiang River estuary and largely limited the activity value of ecological space.

Storage & Processing

Extraction process of total flavonoids from stigma maydis and Gynostemma pentaphyllum and preparation of the antihypertensive tablets

LIU Xia, MA Ze-gang, MA Lin

2024, 63(4):  136-140.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.025

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Taking stigma maydis and Gynostemma pentaphyllum （1∶1） as the extraction raw material and the total flavonoids content as the investigation index, the effect of compound total flavonoids content was investigated by single factors including extraction solvent, ethanol volume fraction, extraction temperature, extraction time, material-liquid ratio and extraction times. Then, the extraction process of total flavonoids was optimized by the orthogonal test. Finally, the optimized total flavonoids were refined by D101 macroporous adsorption resin and prepared into antihypertensive tablets. The results showed that the best extraction process of compound total flavonoids was 50% ethanol volume fraction, the material-liquid ratio was 1∶10, and the extraction time was 3.5 h at 50 ℃. The quality of the prepared tablets （weight difference ±5.1%, fragmentability 0.83%, disintegration time 2.41 min） was in line with the relevant provisions of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China （2020 edition）, and the antihypertensive tablets could reduce the blood pressure of SHR rats.

Optimization of forming process of Zhuang medicine Luoqianyu cataplasm based on AHP-CRITIC method combined with star design

XIE Meng-jiao, GUO Yong-xiu, LAI Xin-hong, LI Fang-chan, HUANG Yin, HUANG Ai-ai, WANG Ya-qin, HUANG Xue-ting, JIANG Lin

2024, 63(4):  141-147.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.026

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Taking the initial viscosity, holding viscosity and comprehensive sensory evaluation as indexes, the weight of each index was determined by the AHP-CRITIC mixed weighting method, and the comprehensive score was calculated. The star design-response surface method was used to optimize the best forming process of Zhuang medicine Luoqianyu cataplasm. The results showed that the best blank matrix formulation of Zhuang medicine Luoqianyu cataplasm was NP-700 of 1.6 g, silica gel powder of 1.0 g, dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate of 0.8 g, glycerol of 12.0 g, carbomer 940 of 0.5 g, CMC-Na of 0.5 g, EDTA-2Na of 26 mg, and deionized water of 10 mL. The preparation method was as follows： NP-700, silica gel powder and dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate were swelled in glycerol as phase A, EDTA-2Na was dissolved in deionized water, carbomer 940 and CMC-Na were swelled as phase B, phase A was added into phase B to stir evenly, and the resulting blank matrix was mixed evenly with the prescribed cream. The optimized preparation process was stable and feasible, and the actual production was operable, which could be used for the preparation of Zhuang medicine Luoqianyu cataplasm.

Detection Analysis

Comparison of volatile flavor compounds and fatty acids differences in beef from different parts of Guanling cattle in Guizhou Province

ZHOU Jing-rui, LUO Wen-ju, XU Hao-xiang, LEI Lu, RANG Jiang, JIANG Ling-ling, ZHAO Yuan-feng, YU Bo

2024, 63(4):  148-153.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.027

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In order to study the differences in volatile flavor compounds and fatty acids composition of beef from different parts of Guanling cattle in Guizhou Province, a comparative analysis was conducted on the volatile flavor compounds and fatty acids composition in six parts of Guanling cattle eye meat, tenderloin, hip meat, beef brisket, rib, and upper brain. The results showed that a total of 68 main volatile compounds were identified in beef from different parts, with terpenes, and alkanes accounting for over 75.000%, which were important factors affecting beef flavor. Fatty acids were important precursors of volatile components, and their content directly affected the taste and flavor of beef. A total of 21 types of fatty acids were detected in beef, including 10 saturated fatty acids （SFA）, 4 monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA）, and 7 polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA）;the content of fatty acids varied in different parts of the body, with unsaturated fatty acids accounting for 43.017%, 39.021%, 48.869%, 46.730%, 40.678%, and 45.147% of fatty acids in eye meat, tenderloin, buttocks, beef brisket, rib ribs, and upper brain, respectively.

Establishment of quality standards for Zhuang medicine Schefflera kwangsiensis

WEN Hai-cheng, SU Yong-jing, XIE Ao, LI Can, WEI Wei

2024, 63(4):  154-157.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.028

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Microscopic identification and thin-layer chromatography identification methods were used to identify and study the Zhuang medicine Schefflera kwangsiensis from different regions. The moisture content, ash content, and extract content of the medicinal materials from different regions were determined according to the methods specified in the 2020 edition of the "Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China". The results showed that the microscopic identification characteristics of the Zhuang medicine Schefflera kwangsiensis were strong; the thin-layer chromatography identification method used cyclohexane∶acetone∶formic acid of 8.5∶1.5∶0.4 as the unfolding system, which had good separation and clear spots. The best spot separation was achieved with a spreading distance of 15 cm;using a 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution as the chromogenic agent, the examination was conducted under a UV lamp （365 nm）; the moisture content of Zhuang medicine Schefflera kwangsiensis shall not exceed 12.00%, the total ash content should not exceed 6.00%, the acid insoluble ash content should not exceed 0.50%, and the water-soluble extract content should not be less than 9.50%. The method was easy to operate, stable and reliable, with good reproducibility and reasonable scope, which could provide a theoretical basis for the quality control of Zhuang medicine Schefflera kwangsiensis.

Comparison of nutritional organs medicinal components of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata under two planting models

LUO Dun, WU Tong, LU Su-jun, YU Feng-qiang, LI Ting-yan, YANG Mei, CHEN Zhen-sheng

2024, 63(4):  158-162.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.029

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Using Alpinia katsumadae Hayata from Eucalyptus forest intercropping and Alpinia katsumadae Hayata from natural growth as research objects, the total flavonoid, polysaccharide, total phenolic, total saponin content and drying rate of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata nutritional organs （roots, stems, leaves） were determined. The results showed that the whole plant drying rate of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata with natural growth was 1.11 times that of Eucalyptus forest intercropping;the total flavonoid content of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata was 10.27~32.13 mg/g, among which Eucalyptus forest intercropping had the highest total flavonoid content in the leaves of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata, reaching 32.13 mg/g;the polysaccharide content of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata was 21.50~37.28 mg/g. Under natural growth conditions, the total polysaccharide content of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata was 1.15 times that of Eucalyptus forest intercropping;the total phenolic content of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata under the condition of Eucalyptus forest intercropping was 2.10 times that of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata under the condition of natural growth;the total saponin content of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata under the condition of Eucalyptus forest intercropping was 1.25 times that of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata under the condition of natural growth;according to principal component analysis, under the condition of Eucalyptus forest intercropping, the comprehensive score and ranking of the nutritional organs of Alpinia Katsumadae Hayata were higher than those of natural growth. In summary, the medicinal component content of the nutritional organs of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata was at a high level under both planting modes, and the Eucalyptus forest intercropping condition was more conducive to the accumulation of effective ingredients of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata.

Agricultural Information and Engineering

Design and application of an automatic monitoring system for Lasioderma serricorne （Fabricius） based on image processing

HU Yi-chao, SU Zan, CHEN Yi-chang, ZHANG Yan, SU Chen-yang, LIU Yong

2024, 63(4):  163-167.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.030

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Based on the demand for automatic monitoring of Lasioderma serricorne （Fabricius） in tobacco storage and cigarette production workshops, combined with the actual image characteristics of Lasioderma serricorne （Fabricius）, a Lasioderma serricorne （Fabricius） automatic monitoring system based on image processing was designed by overlaying segmentation image algorithms on the basis of labeled watershed algorithms. Fully automatic photography equipment was used to collect images of the corresponding traps at regular intervals, the images were transmitted to the server via wired network, and functions such as image recognition and counting, real-time display, over limit alarm, and historical curve viewing were completed on the server end. Many interference factors such as insect board smoke, insect body overlap, and light during the actual monitoring process of Lasioderma serricorne （Fabricius） were solved, and precise automatic image recognition and counting functions for Lasioderma serricorne （Fabricius） were implemented. Practical applications had shown that the system worked stably, with an average counting accuracy greater than 94.00%, and had good application prospects in tobacco pest monitoring in cigarette production workshops.

Pricing strategy for agricultural product supply chain in live streaming E-commerce based on Stackelberg game theory

WANG Lei

2024, 63(4):  168-173.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.031

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In order to gain a deeper understanding of the pricing strategies and challenges faced by the agricultural product supply chain in the live streaming E-commerce environment, the Stackelberg game theory and the framework and core features of the live streaming E-commerce agricultural product supply chain were introduced. The complexity of pricing issues in the agricultural product supply chain of live streaming E-commerce was evaluated, and multiple decision models based on assumptions were established. The effectiveness and applicability of these models were analyzed through numerical analysis methods. The results indicated that the selection of pricing strategies for agricultural product supply chains in the live streaming E-commerce environment had a significant impact on increasing the interests of all parties involved, and the centralized decision-making model had the best effect in achieving the maximization of overall supply chain benefits. The main challenges and decision-making difficulties faced by the live streaming E-commerce agricultural product supply chain were summarized, and the importance of optimizing the pricing strategy of the live streaming E-commerce agricultural product supply chain was concluded, in order to maximize the common interests of all participants in the supply chain. Suggestions and strategies for improving the pricing of agricultural product supply chains in live streaming E-commerce had been proposed. It was believed that in the context of the rapid development of live streaming E-commerce, adopting advanced game theory to scientifically analyze and optimize pricing strategies was crucial for improving the overall efficiency and competitiveness of the agricultural product supply chain.

Construction of influencing factors and indicator models for regional agricultural drought resistance and disaster reduction capacity

ZHAI Xiao-yan

2024, 63(4):  174-178.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.032

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In order to prevent and control regional agricultural disasters, the influencing factors of drought were analyzed in Shandong Province. A drought warning model was constructed based on the influencing factors of drought, and the coupling relationship of various factors was analyzed. Finally, the constructed agricultural drought comprehensive evaluation model was applied to specific agricultural production environments. The results indicated that there were significant differences in drought resistance and disaster reduction capacity among different agricultural regions. The top three cities in the comprehensive assessment of agricultural drought were Yantai, Rizhao, and Qingdao, with comprehensive assessment values of 2.90, 2.87, and 2.86, respectively. The economically developed regions of Shandong Province were concentrated in coastal areas, which had sufficient technological, material, talent, and financial support, and strong agricultural drought resistance and disaster reduction capacity. For areas with poor rainfall and weak economy, agricultural drought resistance and disaster reduction capacity were relatively poor, concentrated in areas such as Dezhou City, Jining City, and Dongying City. It could be seen that in order to enhance the drought resistance and disaster reduction capabilities of these regions, it was necessary to start from financial investment, agricultural technology, emergency management, and other aspects to ensure the scientific development of regional agriculture.

Biological Engineering

Effect of medium cost reduction measures on the growth of sweet potato tissue culture seedlings under continuous subculture

ZHAO Yuan-zeng, WANG Yong-gang, CHEN Dan

2024, 63(4):  179-184.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.033

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In order to reduce the production cost of rapid propagation of sweet potato （Dioscorea esculenta （Lour.） Burgill） tissue culture seedlings and improve the economic benefits of factory seedling cultivation,on the basis of MS basic culture medium, the effects of simplifying or replacing the composition of culture medium on the growth of sweet potato tissue culture seedlings under continuous subculture were studied through cost reduction measures such as simplifying the composition of culture medium, replacing deionized water with tap water, and replacing sucrose with granulated sugar. The results showed that using white sugar instead of sucrose had no significant effect on the growth of sweet potato tissue cultured seedlings, whether in primary or secondary culture. However, removing trace elements and organic matter from the culture medium, or using tap water instead of deionized water, all had adverse effects on tissue culture seedlings, leading to a decrease in plant height, a decrease in proliferation coefficient, and poorer root growth,and this adverse effect was further exacerbated after prolonged subculture, resulting in poorer growth of tissue cultured seedlings. Therefore, in the factory production of sweet potato tissue culture seedlings, white sugar could be used instead of sucrose to reduce the production cost of tissue culture, while other cost reduction measures were not suitable.

SNP analysis of the ovarian transcriptome of Columba livia with different egg production numbers

MAO Nan-nan, SUN Yong-sheng, CHEN Hui, ZHOU Rong-yan, JI Ying

2024, 63(4):  185-190.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.034

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In order to explore the genes and genetic markers related to egg production in Columba livia, STAR was used to compare high-quality transcriptome sequences of ovarian tissue transcriptome data from high and low egg production Columba livia with the reference genome,after removing duplicate sequences, single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） screening was performed using GATK. After controlling SNP quality using VCFtools, principal component analysis, evolutionary tree construction, and Fst calculation were performed. KEGG enrichment analysis was used to identify the gene where the SNP was located. The results showed that the high-yielding egg group had a total of 298 957 SNPs, the low yielding egg group had a total of 296 137 SNPs, and the high-yielding and low-yielding egg groups had a total of 254 118 SNPs. The KEGG analysis results showed that the SNP gene was significantly enriched in the progesterone regulated signaling pathways of oocyte maturation, meiosis, and metabolism;102 specific SNPs were distributed on 14 annotation genes（LOC110357454, KDM5A, PIGS, BNC2, GBF1, SLAIN2, FGD4, DIAPH2, KIF3B, NFIB, EPG5, OSTF1, EMB, and ST3GAL3） in the high and low egg production groups, and the enriched signaling pathways may be closely related to their egg production ability.

Economy & Management

Evaluation of the efficiency of forestry poverty alleviation in the Dabie Mountains in Anhui Province：Based on the super efficiency SBM Malmquist index model

ZHANG Shi-ju, WU Hui

2024, 63(4):  191-196.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.035

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Using panel data from Anhui Province from 2014 to 2020, combined with the super efficiency SBM and Global Malmquist index model, the time and spatial efficiency of forestry poverty alleviation in 12 counties in contiguous poverty-stricken areas of the Dabie Mountains in Anhui Province was evaluated. The results showed that the forestry poverty alleviation efficiency was relatively high in 12 counties in Anhui Province, and the forestry poverty alleviation efficiency in most counties was on the rise;technological efficiency progress was the main driving factor for the improvement of total factor production efficiency;regions with higher forestry economic efficiency had better greening and ecological environment construction;there were differences in the efficiency of forestry poverty alleviation among 12 counties, and the influencing factors varied. It was proposed to carry out support for characteristic forestry industries and tap into the multidimensional potential of forestry development;improve forestry poverty alleviation technology and scale efficiency, and optimize the allocation of forestry technology development factors;scientifically utilize forestry poverty alleviation models to enhance the endogenous sustainable development of the forestry industry;reasonably plan forestry industry resources and strive to achieve a win-win situation of ecological protection and consolidating poverty alleviation achievements.

Research on the collaborative model and resource allocation of the water-energy-food system in the Yangtze River Delta：Based on the core position of water

HAN Zi-chen, WANG Bing-bing, WAN Kui, JIANG Yi-fan

2024, 63(4):  197-204.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.036

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Through multi-objective planning, the collaborative analysis framework of the water-energy-food system was established. Based on the dimension of Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, the cooperative model of the water-energy-food system was constructed, and the deviation degree and economic benefit of the optimized composite system were calculated. The results showed that the comprehensive deviation degree of the water-energy-food system from 2001 to 2020 remained at a low level below 0.135,with large volatility and poor stability. From 2001 to 2020, both food output and energy exploitation maintained an upward trend, and food output was larger. In the early stage, energy exploitation was greater than the food output. After 2005, the food output increased rapidly, far exceeding the energy exploitation. The comprehensive benefit continued to rise, and the economic benefit of the synergistic model was relatively ideal. Accordingly, some suggestions of enhancing the linkage and symbiosis of the water-energy-food system, scientifically planning the integrated resource allocation project of water resources allocation, energy exploitation and food production, improving the overall input-output level of resources, and broadening the cross-regional flow path of resources were put forward.

The impact of grain price and policy subsidies on farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grain： Based on the evolutionary game model

LIU Xin-chen, LIU Yu-cheng

2024, 63(4):  205-211.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.037

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The evolutionary game model among farmers, government and third-party enterprises was constructed, and the evolutionary stability of farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grain in a balanced decision by all parties was theoretically analyzed. On this basis, the case data was used for simulation analysis, and the simulation results verified the theoretical analysis results. The study found that farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grain would change significantly with the fluctuation of grain purchase price; grain subsidy alone did not help farmers to increase their enthusiasm for growing grain; and prolonged subsidies might bring more uncertainty to farmers and third-party enterprises.

Evaluation of agricultural water resources use efficiency of functional grain zone in China under the background of “Dual Carbon”

SHENG Yu

2024, 63(4):  212-218.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.038

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In order to explore the present situation of agricultural water resources use efficiency in China under the background of “Dual Carbon”, the SBM-Undesirable model with agricultural carbon emissions as undesirable output was established to measure and evaluate agricultural water resources use efficiency in three functional grain zones in China from 2011 to 2019. Then the Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method was used to analyze the regional differences and sources of water resources use efficiency within and among the three functional grain regions. The results showed that the overall agricultural water resources use efficiency in China was at a high level, but there were dual problems of decreasing efficiency and increasing imbalance. There were great differences and significant synergies in agricultural water resources use efficiency among different regions. The water resources use efficiency was in the most stable equilibrium state within the grain main sales area. The contribution of supervariable density was the main source of the difference between groups of agricultural water resources efficiency in functional grain areas. Therefore, differentiated and targeted policies should be implemented according to the actual situation of each region, so as to comprehensively improve the efficiency of agricultural water use in China and promote the development of low-carbon and water-saving agriculture.

Analysis of influencing factors and potential of Chinese corn product exports to countries along the “Belt and Road”

GAO Xue-mei, DONG Ye, XU Wen-qiang, BAO An-ming, BAI Chong

2024, 63(4):  219-225.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.039

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43 countries along the “Belt and Road” were selected to measure the international competitiveness of Chinese corn products from 2015 to 2021 by using the trade competitiveness index, the influencing factors of corn products export were analyzed through the extended trade gravity model, and the export potential was measured. The results showed that the international competitiveness of Chinese corn products was weak and in an inferior position. Factors such as high economic aggregate of the two sides, high trade freedom, and common economic organization significantly promoted the export of corn products, while geographical distance and excessive population would hinder the export of corn products. Among the 43 sample countries, 3 were huge potential countries, 38 were potential exploration countries, and 2 were potential reconstruction countries. China should continue to strengthen the positive trade factors, weaken the negative factors, cultivate new corn extension products, and fully release the export potential.

Analysis on profit management mode of agricultural products circulation enterprises under economic transformation

FENG Jiang-hua, LI Qiang

2024, 63(4):  226-230.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.040

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The profit management mode of agricultural products circulation enterprises was defined, the profit management modes of agricultural product circulation enterprises in different development stages were comparatively analyzed, the premise condition of agricultural products circulation enterprise profit management mode was analyzed, and the pros and cons of agricultural products circulation enterprise profit management mode were cleared. From the aspects of obtaining the maximum profit motivation, reducing the debt cost motivation of agricultural products circulation enterprises and reducing the political cost motivation of circulation enterprises, the motivation and methods of the profit management mode of agricultural products circulation enterprises under the economic transformation were formulated. The method closely tied the management authority’s own interests with the long-term interests of agricultural products circulation enterprises, so that the two could develop in harmony.

Rural Revitalization

Governance of the risk of returning to poverty for poverty alleviation farmers in the context of rural revitalization

CHEN Shao-jun, ZHANG An-ruo

2024, 63(4):  231-237.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.041

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Based on the theory of viable capacity and the framework of sustainable livelihoods, an analytical framework of “poverty return risk identification-poverty return risk response-viable capacity development” was constructed. Under the guidance of this framework, based on the field research in the M cross-county relocation resettlement area of Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, the problems in the management of the risk of returning to poverty for poverty alleviation farmers were analyzed and optimization paths were proposed. The study found that the poverty alleviation farmers faced multiple risks of returning to poverty and had difficulties in livelihood transformation; the industry and employment in the resettlement area did not match, and poverty alleviation farmers lacked nearby employment opportunities; data collection by grassroots grid clerks was difficult, and dynamic monitoring and evaluation indicators lagged; and poverty alleviation farmers had insufficient endogenous motivation, and the development of viable capacities was difficult. To address these problems, a poverty return risk management system should be established, that was “based on the establishment of a dynamic monitoring mechanism to prevent the return of poverty, with the promotion of income generation of poverty alleviation farmers as the fundamental requirement, the promotion of industrial development in the county as the main focus, and the enhancement of the viable capacity of poverty alleviation farmers to realize comprehensive development as the core”, so as to promote the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the results of poverty eradication and rural revitalization.

Information poverty governance strategies for rural elderly groups：Based on the public value theory

ZHENG Hui-min, LI Jing

2024, 63(4):  237-241.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.042

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The theoretical analysis framework based on the public value theory was established, the problems of information poverty of rural elderly groups from the dimensions of supply and demand mismatch, insufficient information access and lack of information skills were deconstructed, and the specific practices of information poverty governance in Korea were comprehended, which contained information infrastructure construction, information education and information humanistic care. On this basis, based on the strategic triangle model, practical information poverty promotion strategies were proposed in the three dimensions of authorization environment, operation capacity and value target, respectively, in order to provide empirical references for the information poverty governance of rural elderly groups.

Coupling coordination and regional differences in rural revitalization and rural infrastructure

XU Xiang-yun, WANG Yan-wei, XIA Zi-han, REN Fei-wu

2024, 63(4):  242-250.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.043

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The 30 provinces （municipalities and autonomous regions） in China were selected as the research subject, and data from 2011 to 2020 were used as observational samples. The entropy weight method and coupling coordination model were used to calculate the level of coupling coordination between rural revitalization and rural infrastructure during the research period. On this basis, combined with Kernel density estimation and Dagum Gini coefficient, the regional differences and dynamic evolution trends of coupling coordination between rural revitalization and rural infrastructure in the four major economic regions were compared and analyzed. The results showed that, overall, the coupling coordination level between rural revitalization and rural infrastructure in various provinces and cities in China showed an upward trend over the years. The regions with the highest to lowest levels of coupling coordination development were the central, eastern, northeastern, and western regions. In terms of dynamic distribution, the eastern and western regions of China exhibited a two-tier differentiation in coordination development levels, with significant differences between the two regions. Both regions had provinces with higher levels of coupling coordination. The regional differences in the overall level of coupling coordination between rural revitalization and rural infrastructure in China were gradually narrowing. Regarding the sources of differences, regional differences were the main factors contributing to the differences in coupling coordination development among the four major economic regions, but their contribution rates showed a downward trend. The gap between the northeastern and western regions was gradually narrowing.

Measurement and regional differences of rural revitalization development level in Shaanxi Province

CHEN Yan-bing

2024, 63(4):  251-258.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.04.044

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The entropy method, Theil index and Kernel density estimation were used to measure and study the rural revitalization development level and regional differences in Shaanxi Province from 2012 to 2022. The results showed that in terms of development level measurement, the development level of rural revitalization in Shaanxi Province had increased year by year, with an average annual growth rate of nearly 4%. The development level of rural revitalization was shown in Northern Shaanxi > Guanzhong > Southern Shaanxi. The development level of rural revitalization in Southern Shaanxi showed the fastest growth. In 2022, Yan’an ranked first in the development level of rural revitalization, and Xianyang ranked last. In terms of regional differences, the overall differences in Shaanxi Province were significantly smaller, and the differences within the region were the main reasons for the overall differences in the development level of rural revitalization in Shaanxi Province. The differences in Northern Shaanxi fluctuated, and the differences in Guanzhong area were reduced, and there was little difference in Southern Shaanxi. The low-level urban areas of rural revitalization development in Guanzhong area accounted for more. Finally, suggestions such as adapting measures to local conditions, guiding and promoting joint development and implementing characteristic industries were put forward.