HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

The response of cotton climatic yield in Reclamation Area of the Eighth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps to thermal change

XU Hao-yi, YIN Yu-hong, LI Hong-ying, TIAN Miao, WANG Xiao-tian

2022, 61(10): 5-9. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.001

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In order to explore the influence of changes in thermal resources on cotton yield in different development phases in the Reclamation Area of the Eighth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, in this study, using cotton yield data, cotton phenological observation data and meteorological data in the Eighth Division, the climatic yield was separated by the polynomial method, and linear regression and linear correlation methods were used. The results showed that the changes of thermal resources in different development phases of cotton were significantly correlated to the climatic yield in Reclamation Area of the Eighth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. When the accumulated temperature changed 100 ℃·d in case that the temperature was ≥0 ℃, 6.6% cotton yield was influenced in the sowing-seedling phase, 3.5% cotton yield was influenced in the seedling-blooming phase, 3.9% yield was influenced in the blooming-boll opening phase and 6.2% yield was influenced in the boll opening phase. The thermal index for cotton production in each development phase was that ≥0 ℃ accumulated temperature ≤235 ℃·d in the sowing-seedling phase,≤1 465 ℃·d in the seedling-blooming phase,≤1 620 ℃·d in the blooming-boll opening phase; ≤475 ℃·d in the boll opening phase. In the whole growing season, the cotton reduction index was ≥0 ℃ accumulated temperature ≤3 630 ℃·d and ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature ≤3 350 ℃·d. These results could provide theoretical reference to improve the technical management level of cotton cultivation and production in Reclamation Area of the Eighth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.

Effects of different fertilizer reduction models on stem lodging resistance and yield of wheat after rice

ZHOU Jian-xiong, LIU Wei, ZOU Juan, ZHANG Chun-Hua, GUO Wei-hong, WU Li-ju, ZHANG Sui-cheng, XIONG You-sheng, YANG Li-jun

2022, 61(10): 10-14. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.002

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This paper used Zhengmai 9023, the main wheat variety planted in Zhongxiang city, Hubei Province,as the test material, three treatments were set up, which were conventional fertilization control（CK）, 20% chemical fertilizer reduction + organic fertilizer + synergist （M1） and 20% chemical fertilizer reduction （M2）. The effects of different chemical fertilizer reduction patterns on lodging resistance and yield of wheat after rice were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, the number of grains per panicle, theoretical yield, thousand-grain weight and basal node 2 and 3 stem thickness of wheat treated with M1 and M2 increased significantly.The mechanical strength of the second and third basal nodes treated with M1 and M2 enhanced with the increase of the stem thickness; the actual yield of M1 and M2 increased by 51.24% and 66.62% respectively, and the theoretical yield increased by 42.70% and 43.30%, respectively. The results showed that M1 and M2 treatments could be used as fertilization models for lodging resistance, high yield and stable yield of wheat in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province. This paper provided a theoretical basis for the application and promotion of fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement techniques for wheat after rice in Jianghan Plain.

Diversity analysis of agronomic characters and yield of summer soybean germplasm resources

WANG Ling-yan, HUANG Jin-hua, ZHANG Su-ping, HUANG Zhong-wen, DONG Yan-qi, ZHU Hong-cai, TANG Zhen-hai

2022, 61(10): 15-19. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.003

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Using 32 soybean germplasm resources as materials,nine agronomic traits and yield were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the highest coefficient of variation was found in the effective branch （30.37%）,and the lowest was the number of growing days （2.19%）. Three principal component factors were obtained by principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 63.14%. The 32 soybean resources were divided into four groups by cluster analysis, among which class IV had higher yield-increasing potential and could be used as important germplasm resources for breeding new summer soybean varieties.

Health evaluation and obstacle factor diagnosis of land use system in Heilongjiang Province based on PSR model

XU Hui-min, DAI Hong-xia

2022, 61(10): 20-27. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.004

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By constructing the “pressure-state-response” （PSR） model, taking Heilongjiang Province as the research area, 17 evaluation indexes were determined from the natural. The land use system health of Heilongjiang Province from 2010 to 2018 was evaluated and the obstacles affecting the system health were diagnosed. The results showed that the change area of cultivated land and forest land was the largest from 2010 to 2018, and the unused land area increased significantly, accounting for 8.82 percent of the total area of Heilongjiang Province in 2018. The health status of land use improved, rising from 0.445 to 0.882 from 2010 to 2018 and the level of land use had changed from “unhealthy” to “healthy”. The main obstacles to the health of the land use system from 2010 to 2018 included land reclamation rate, average land output value, and mechanization level of agricultural land per unit. After 2016, the natural population growth rate, grain output per unit area and the proportion of tertiary industry in GDP had gradually become major obstacles. Among the three subsystems, the system pressure obstacle degree decreased first and then increased, the system state response obstacle degree basically increased first and then decreased, and the system response obstacle degree decreased as a whole. The health of land use in Heilongjiang Province tended to improve, which was conducive to the sustainable development of land use system in Heilongjiang Province.

Effects of climate change on potato yield gap in different regions of China

HE Fu-wei

2022, 61(10): 28-32. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.005

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The main four planting areas of potato in China were selected, and the effects of climate change on potato potential production and yield gap were analyzed based on meteorological data from 1981 to 2010 and potato production,by using the stepwise correction method. The results showed that the light-temperature potential production of potato was the highest in the northern single-crop zone, followed by the central double-crop zone and southwestern mix-cropping zone, which were close to each other, and the light-temperature potential production in the southern two cropping areas was the lowest. The light-temperature potential production showed no significant decreasing trend in northern single-crop zone and the central double-crop zone, showed a significant increasing trend in southwestern mix-cropping zone, and showed no significant increasing trend in the southern second cropping zone. The climatic potential production （rain-fed yield） in the northern single-crop zone, the central double-crop zone and southwestern mix-cropping zone was nearly equal, while that of the southern second cropping zone was lower, and the four regions all showed a significant downward trend. The difference of light-temperature and climatic potato yield was highest in the northern single-crop zone, followed by central double-crop zone and southwest mixed cropping zone, and lowest in southern second cropping area. Rain was the main limiting factor to reduce the yield gap in northern cropping zone, and the yield of potato in other regions also had great advancement by increasing the irrigation amount. Yield gap between climatic productivity and actual productivity in single-crop zone and southwestern mix-cropping zone were close to each other, followed by the central double-crop zone, and lowest in southern double-crop zone. The upper limit of climatic production had not been reached in northern single-crop zone and southwestern mixed cropping zone. In rain-fed agricultural zone, other managements measure could be adopted to increase the actual yield and reduce the yield gap besides irrigation. The yield gap between the climatic and actual yield in the central double-crop and the southern double-crop was lower than 0, indicating that the actual yield in these two regions had reached or even exceeded the upper limit of climatic production. In these regions, other management measures had little effect on the increase of yield under the rain-fed condition except irrigation.

Study on the variation of high temperature characteristic index of Ankang city in 1953—2020

REN Qing-qing, ZHANG Shu-lan, ZHANG Hai-jun, LIU Quan-yu

2022, 61(10): 33-38. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.006

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Based on the daily maximum temperature from 1953 to 2020 and daily minimum relative humidity from 1980 to 2020 in Ankang Meteorological Station, the high temperature characteristic indexes such as extreme high temperature, number of high temperature days, continuous high temperature process and number of extremely hot days were calculated and analyzed by using conventional climate statistical analysis, linear regression, 5-year moving average and Mann-Kendall test method. The results showed that the average extreme high temperature was 39 ℃ in Ankang city, with the most frequency in July; number of high temperature days occurred from April to September, with 25 d of the annual average number of high temperature days, and it was the most in July and August with the average monthly high temperature days for 9.5 days and 9.2 days, respectively; the hot weather occurred earlier on April 12, 1953 and lately on September 19, 2010, and the maximum extreme high temperature occurred on July 27, 2017 with 41.9 ℃; the average duration of high temperature was 3.4 times per year, with the average duration for 5.3 days and the longest duration up to 16 days; the number of extremely hot days occurred from June to September, when the relative humidity was high and the highest temperature was above 32.9 ℃. The annual average number of extremely hot days was significantly less than the number of high temperature days with 10.2 days, and 8.3% of the extremely hot days were not accompanied by high temperature days. The interdecadal variation of each high temperature characteristic index showed periodicity. The interdecadal variation of extreme high temperature, high temperature days and continuous high temperature times almost showed a high-low-flat-high fluctuation downward trend, while the number of very hot days was a low-high- slightly low-high fluctuating upward trend. Finally, There were mutations in the number of high temperature days, continuous high temperature days and extremely hot days except for extreme high temperature.

Study on the spatio-temporal evolution of relative humidity in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in the process of urbanization

ZHANG Yin, YU Tao, LIANG Yan-zhen, ZHAN Yu-lin, LIU Yan, CHEN Xin-ran, WANG Da-kang, LIU Qi-xin, CAO Wan-yun

2022, 61(10): 39-47. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.007

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Using ERA-interim reanalysis data and night light remote sensing data, the quantitative relationship between spatial-temporal evolution of relative humidity（RH） and urbanization level was researched in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009 and 2013. The results showed that the proportion of dry islands in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region showed a trend of increasing over time, which was positively correlated with the rate of land urbanization. The spatial correlation between the average relative humidity and urbanization level showed negatively correlated in 2005, with a correlation coefficient of -0.730, which was below the significance level of 0.01, and the distribution of RH in spatial was affected by the urbanization level. The correlation between average relative humidity and urbanization level at different grid sizes increased firstly and then weakened with grid size increasing, and the correlation between average relative humidity and urbanization level reached the maximum （above 0.700） at 100 km grid size.

Temporal and spatial dynamics analysis of vegetation index in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2015

SU Hong-jun, XU Zhong-lin

2022, 61(10): 48-55. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.008

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Based on the MODIS NDVI data and the meteorological data in the same period from 2000 to 2015, the spatial and temporal variation of NDVI was analyzed in Xinjiang by using trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test and correlation analysis, and the response of NDVI was explored to meteorological factors. The results showed that NDVI of Xinjiang was rising from 2000 to 2015, and the annual average NDVI had no significant correlation with the mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation. There was a positive correlation between NDVI and mean temperature in spring, and between NDVI and precipitation in summer, but there was no significant correlation between NDVI and temperature and precipitation in autumn. Since NDVI had a lag response to precipitation, there was a significant positive correlation between spring NDVI and winter precipitation, and between autumn NDVI and summer precipitation. Relatively speaking, the effect of mean temperature in the same season on NDVI was higher than that of the previous season, indicating that there was no hysteresis in the response of NDVI to temperature.

Study on dynamic variation of nitrogen concentration in surface water of paddy field and its rapid detection method：Taking single-season rice fields in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as an example

WANG Hua, SHEN Wang-zheng, CHEN Zi-zhen, ZHANG Liang, ZHUANG Yan-hua, ZHANG Fu-lin, FAN Xian-peng

2022, 61(10): 56-63. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.009

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In order to reveal the dynamic variation of nitrogen concentration in field water and explore its rapid detection methods, in-situ monitoring of nitrogen concentration in paddy field surface water and conventional water quality parameters were carried out during the rice growth period in 2018. The results showed that during the growth period of rice, the TN and NH₄⁺-N concentrations in the surface water of artificially planted rice fields dropped rapidly to 4.03 mg/L and 3.02 mg/L, respectively, one week after basal fertilizer application, and the changes became stable before the next fertilization. And TN and NH₄⁺-N reached the peak 2 days after topdressing, and stabilized in about 1 week. The nitrogen dynamic characteristics of the machine-transplanted rice field surface water were basically the same as those of artificial planting. The TN and NH₄⁺-N of the field surface water at the basal fertilizer period decreased from the peak value, which was approximately in line with the exponential decay law. The TN concentration of the artificially planted and machine-transplanted paddy fields in the two weeks after the peak of the basal fertilizer period attenuated 62% and 72%, respectively, and the attenuation amplitudes of NH₄⁺-N were 80% and 83%, respectively. With DO, EC, pH, ORP as the independent variables, and TN as the dependent variable, a multiple linear regression model was obtained. TN emissions were classified by the TN limit of 15 mg/L（Class A standard） in GB 18918—2002 and the TN limit of 2 mg/L （Class V） in GB 3838—2002. The accuracy of the model prediction was 80%, which could basically meet the needs of water environment management.

Study on fermentation process of yeast fertilizer

CHEN Jian-xia

2022, 61(10): 64-66. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.010

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Using selenium-rich pear as the main fermentation material, bran as auxiliary material, and yeast as fermentation strain, the chemical analysis was used to monitor the fermentation process dynamically. The results showed that the pH, COD and electrical conductivity in the fermentation broth experienced a process of rapid change in the early stage, relatively stable in the middle stage and obviously changed in the later stage. The total nitrogen had been in a stable and fluctuating state during fermentation. The fertility of the final fermented product was compared with the relevant national and industrial standards, and the results were satisfactory. Different carbon and nitrogen ratios had certain effects on the rate of fermentation. The dynamic monitoring results combined with the visual observation suggested that the floating phenomenon of the fermentation residue could be used as a convenient and operable endpoint determination in the field.

Adsorption properties of methylene blue by liquor wastewater sludge-based biochar

ZHAO Ju-fang, FENG Dan, SHANG Jiang-wei, QI Bao-chuan

2022, 61(10): 67-73. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.011

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Liquor wastewater sludge-based biochar（LWSB） was prepared from liquor wastewater sludge（LWS）. The static adsorption experiment was used to study the effects of different initial pH, adsorption dosage, adsorption time, initial mass concentration and temperature on methylene blue （MB） adsorption by LWSB. The adsorption mechanism of MB by LWSB was investigated by brunauer-emmett-teller（BET） surface area, scanning electron microscope（SEM）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）. The results showed that compared with LWS, the specific surface area and pore volume of LWSB increased significantly, while the average pore size decreased. Under the condition of initial pH of 8, dosage of 1.0 mg/L, adsorption time of 360 min and temperature of 44.85 ℃, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity was 213.86 mg/g. It was found that MB adsorption by LWSB fitted well the pseudo-second order kinetics model, and can be well described by the Redlich-Peterson isotherm model. The adsorption of MB by LWSB was a process of spontaneous, endothermic, entropy increasing process. The mechanism between LWSB and MB involved electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, complexation, π-π, n-π interaction, etc.

Study on water quality monitoring model of wastewater discharge for small and medium enterprises

YU Wu, XUE Meng-yao, HE Bin, MA Jin-ping, DU Zi-long

2022, 61(10): 74-79. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.012

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Based on the analysis of the research status of water quality of domestic and foreign scholars, the characteristics of wastewater discharged by small and medium-sized enterprises were clarified, the historical water quality data of wastewater discharged were classified and correlated, and the relationship between the easily monitored water quality index and water quality grade was analyzed. The water quality monitoring model of wastewater discharged by small and medium-sized enterprises based on water quality grade classification was proposed. The decision tree algorithm was used to build the water quality classification model. It can effectively replace the traditional equipment with the high purchase price and high operation cost, and provide a convenient and scientific wastewater discharge monitoring system for enterprises, governments and other relevant departments. Finally, the model was verified with the river water quality data of a city, and the accuracy rate was 78.56%,which proved the feasibility of this method,and could provide all-weather on-line monitoring for small and medium-sized enterprises to discharge wastewater, and provided a scalable monitoring system for wastewater discharge of small and medium-sized enterprises with wide distribution, a large proportion and difficult supervision.

Study on the control effect of two predatory ladybeetles on tea aphid

LIU Chao, LUO Huai-hai, WU Xing-long, CHEN Shun-tao, XU Xiang, TIAN Hui, PU De-qiang

2022, 61(10): 80-82. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.013

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In order to explore the optimal biological control technology of tea aphid （Toxoptera aurantii Boyer）, the field control and colonization of Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis to the tea aphid were studied by releasing egg pieces of these two predatory ladybirds. The results showed that the Toxoptera aurantia control effect reached the best 15 days after releasing the ladybug egg mass, and the control effect of Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis were 73.48% and 74.35%, respectively. Then it gradually decreased, but remained above 60%. There was no significant difference in the control effect between the two ladybugs in the Toxoptera aurantii. The field hatching rate of Coccinella septempunctata egg mass was 54.13% in the field, and that of Harmonia axyridis egg mass was 58.87% in the field. The released ladybugs can be detected within 30 days of the release of the egg card, and the number of Harmonia axyridis was slightly more than that of Coccinella septempunctata. However, there was no significant difference in the number of all the other forms except that the number of Harmonia axyridis pupae was significantly higher than that of Coccinella septempunctata pupae.

The mechanism analysis of allicin in hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology and immune infiltration

DONG Xue-jing, ZHU Hua, WANG Ying

2022, 61(10): 83-89. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.014

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The mechanism of allicin on hepatocellular carcinoma was explored using network pharmacology and immune infiltration. The effective composition information of allicin was collected by TCMSP database, and PharmMapper database was used to screen the targets of allicin; the above data were imported into STRING11.0 database for PPI network analysis, and then the protein interaction network was visualized by Cytoscape3.7.1 software. Hepatocellular carcinoma related targets were collected through the GeneCards database, then the targets of allicin were compared with the disease-related-targets, and Venny2.1.0 tool was used to draw the Venn diagram. GEPIA database was used to analyze the expression differences and survival prognosis of potential targets, and then TIMER database was used to analyze the immune infiltration of tumor cells. Results showed that 194 potential targets of allicin were screened and 31 targets related to HCC were identified. After screening with P<0.05,4 signal pathways were obtained. The therapeutic effect of allicin on hepatocellular carcinoma reflects the characteristics of multi-target, multi-pathway and multi-component of traditional Chinese medicine. CCNA2, AURKA, MMP9, ESR1 and other targets may play an important role in the treatment process.

Biological and germination characteristics of seeds for Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. et Arn. used as medicinal plants for Li nation

PENG Yun-lu, HU Yuan-yan, LI Hui-ling, HU Yan, TIAN Jian-ping

2022, 61(10): 90-92. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.015

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Individual size, micro-structure and ultra-structure, life force, water absorption rate, germination rate and other characteristics of seeds of Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. et Arn. used for common medicinal plants of Li nation have been researched. The results showed that the shape and size of C. nudiflora seed difference was small, and the average length, width and thickness were respectively 1.96 mm, 1.76 mm and 1.84 mm. The fruit was consisted of 4 room ovules which only 1~2 rooms of ovules have been developed completely by observing the paraffin sections under the biological microscope. Fruit surface has a plurality of ridged bands, most glandular scale, and fewer non-glandular hairs under the scanning electron microscope. The average seed moisture content was 11.3%, the average value of the water absorption rate was 80.33%, and the average value of the life force was 33.3%. At the optimal germination temperature 25 ℃, treatment measures of the solution of 0.3% liquor potassii permanganatis, 500 mg/L GA₃ or sand embedding could have a higher germination rate. Incomplete development of fruit may be the factor leading to low viability and germination rate of seeds. The germination rate of seeds could be improved after treatment with different chemical agents and sand.

Study on the growth status and impact factors of Sichuan Camellia in Yongchuan urban area of Chongqing city

LI Ling-li, TIAN Zhong, GAO Xiao-jun, HE Yong-shu, ZHOU Li

2022, 61(10): 93-98. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.016

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The growth index, soil quality and root spatial distribution（diameter≥1 cm）of Sichuan Camellia seedlings in 24 sites of Yongchuan urban area of Chongqing city were investigated, to explore the impact factors of Sichuan Camellia in landscape application. The results showed that the seedlings with a diameter of 4.0~7.9 cm, a height of 1.61~2.32 m, and a crown width of 1.31~1.96 m were widely used in the urban landscape application. Based on the evaluation standard of growth potential （the new shoots length ≥ 4.11 cm or thickness ≥ 0.241 cm）, 62.5% of Sichuan Camellia seedlings was above the medium level; Sichuan Camellia seedling usually lives in semi-shaded envirenment, which could also be planted in full light environment. There was no significant difference in the length and diameter of new shoots between seedlings planted in road green space under full light and semi-shaded environment; the slightly alkaline pH value and the lower content of organic matter were the characteristic in the investigated soil. In daily maintenance of Sichuan Camellia, adjusting soil acid, increasing chemical fertilizer and improving the content of organic matter in the depth of 40 cm soil within 1 m around the tree trunk were suggested to restore the plant growth potential.

Analysis on the ploidy of hybrid seeds between Lagerstroemia indica and Lagerstroemia speciosa

LI Zhen-fang, PENG Chan, HUANG Guo-wei, MA Lin-jiang, KE Zun-fa, YANG Yan-ling

2022, 61(10): 99-105. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.017

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Using Lagerstroemia caudata as comparison, L.fauriei, L.limii,L. speciosa, L. indica ‘Dynamite’ and 12 interspecific hybrids between L. indica and L. speciosa were diploid by detecting with flow cytometry. Eight SSR markers were used to determine the ploidy of Dynamite, L. speciosa, L. limii and 26 interspecific hybrids between L. indica and L. speciosa, and these plants were diploid. These results confirmed the feasibility of flow cytometry and SSR markers to reflect plant ploidy.

Effects of earthworms and feeding appendages on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Shennongjia tobacco-growing area

LI Hao, LIU Gang, RAO Xiong-fei, SUN Jing-guo, SUN Guang-wei, TAN Ben-kui, YUAN Yue-bin, DONG Xian-chun

2022, 61(10): 106-109. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.018

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Combined with the sideline to increase the income of tobacco growers, we explored the effects of different organic fertilizers on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco, in order to select the best organic fertilizer matching with the local fields. The cow dung, earthworm dung, earthworm stroma produced in local cattle and earthworm breeding industry, and rapeseed cake in tobacco growing area around Shennongjia were studied to analyze the differences of disease, yield and quality on tobacco after applying different organic fertilizers. The results showed that using cow dung and earthworm+ stroma could improve the agronomic characters of tobacco plants, which showed that cow dung was beneficial to the growth of early stage and earthworm+ stroma was beneficial to the growth of long-term, forming a “medium-sized tobacco” which was more in line with industrial demand, and it could reduce the occurrence of disease, improve the economic characteristics of tobacco and improve chemical composition of tobacco leaves. The application of cow dung and earthworm + substrate in the tobacco field could improve the quality of tobacco leaves and we should encourage the application in areas with necessary conditions.

Study on the renewal strategy of the pattern of streets, alleys in historical, cultural blocks：Take the ancient city of Taigu in Shanxi Province as an example

ZHANG Tian-ci, YAN Xiao-hua

2022, 61(10): 110-116. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.019

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Since the demolition of the walls of the ancient city of Taiguin Shanxi Province， the spatial pattern of the whole city has been destroyed in an unprecedented manner， and the traditional street and alley patterns and some architectural remains have become the last historical remains of the ancient city， which continue the urban pulse of the old Taigu and carry the unique regional spirit of the Jinzhong region. Starting from an overview of the traditional streets， an in-depth study of the traditional street pattern within the historical and cultural district is carried out by analyzing the road network structure， street scale and street names， and proposing research strategies for the renewal and protection of the street pattern， in order to provide reference for the renewal and protection of other traditional streets and alleys.

The disposing and utilization of feces from sheep farms in south China

LI Xiao-feng, TAO Hu, SUO Xiao-jun, XIONG Qi, LI Long, ZHOU Shi-qin

2022, 61(10): 117-120. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.020

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Based on the climate and ecology of south China and the current of sheep industry, this paper introduces the characteristics of sheep feces, the facilities and equipment related to the collection and disposing of manure, and the basic principles, focusing on the analysis of the process flow of dynamic dumping composting and commercial organic fertilizer processing, and the sewage treatment methods such as oxidation pond, aquatic plant pond and biogas digester. Some suggestions were put forward to promote the application of organic fertilizer returning field, such as scientific and technological innovation, policy support and mode promotion, so as to provide reference for the treatment and utilization of manure in sheep farms.

Preparation of the monoclonal antibody against the serotype 4 fowl adenovirus fiber2 protein

XIE Ming, LI Guo-pan, HU Ji-xiong, ZHANG Zhi-xiang, AI Xiao-yang, CHEN Di-si, LI Yang, YIN Jun-xiang, RONG Jun

2022, 61(10): 121-126. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.021

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The specific monoclonal antibody against avian adenovirus type 4 （FADV-4） Fiber2 protein was prepared. The FADV-4 Fiber2 protein was purified and immunized BALB/C mice as an immunogen. Lymphocytes were isolated from spleen and fused with mouse myeloma cells SP2/0. Ten hybridoma cell lines including 1B5F1, 1B5G11, 1B5C1, 1B5D2, 1B5E3, 1B5F3, 1B5E4, 1B5G4, 1B5A8 and 1B5G8 were screened for stable secretion of monoclonal antibody against FADV-4 Fiber2 protein. Ascites were prepared from 1B5F1 cell line with the highest antibody secretion level, and the specificity was detected by Dot blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay （IFA）. The results showed that 10 hybridoma cell lines were successfully prepared. The ascites could react specifically with FADV-4 Fiber2 protein and fADV-4 challenged chicken liver tissue, which proved that the specific monoclonal antibody of FADV-4 Fiber2 protein was successfully prepared.

Experiment of swim bladder collagen-chitosan-alginate hydrogel on skin wound healing in mice

LI Hang-ting, JIN Ming-yue, LI Nuo-ying, MO Yi-wen, TIAN Jing, YANG Zui-su

2022, 61(10): 127-131. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.022

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The eel bladder collagen extracted by acetic acid was used as the main drug, combined with chitosan and sodium alginate. The hydrogel dressing was prepared by Ca²⁺ cross-linking method, and its structure was observed under the scanning electron microscope. Through the skin wound experimental in vivo, the control group was treated with 0.9% normal saline and the experimental group was treated with hydrogel dressing. Then, the healing of skin wound was observed at 3, 7 and 14 days. The wound healing rate was calculated, the antioxidant and inflammatory indicators in serum were detected, and the histological changes of skin were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results showed that hydrogel showed a polypore structure under the scanning electron microscope. The serum antioxidant capacity of the hydrogel group was higher than that of the control group, and the level of inflammatory factors was lower than that of control group. Hydrogel dressing can significantly promote wound healing, reduce wound redness and inflammation, and completely repair the skin with smaller scars.

Study on molding technology of Masu Zhike granules

CHAN Liu-jia, YI Bing, ZOU Xin, LIANG Jie, WANG Gang, SU Jun-feng, ZHAO Li-chun

2022, 61(10): 132-135. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.023

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The comprehensive score OD value of molding rate, moisture content, angle of repose and hygroscopic rate was taken as the investigation index. Using the single factor test and central composite design-response surface methodology, the molding process parameters such as the proportion of excipients and the density of liquid medicine of Masu Zhike granules were optimized. The results showed that the optimal molding process of Masu Zhike granules was the proportion of excipients（dextrin∶lactose） 0.17∶1, and the density of concentrated liquid medicine 1.25 g/cm³. Under this process, the total evaluation OD value was 0.657 7, which was equivalent to the predicted value （0.640 4）, and the relative error was -2.70%. The optimized molding process of Masu Zhike granules by central composite design-response surface methodology is stable and feasible, with a high molding rate, good fluidity, low moisture content and hygroscopic rate, and the results are reliable.

Effects of different storage conditions on the maintenance quality of cigar raw materials

TAN Yun-hu, LIU Li-ping, HE Ming-chang, LI Yuan, WU Chuang, WANG Rong-hao, LI Lin-lin, JIA Meng-zhu, LIU Yong

2022, 61(10): 136-140. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.024

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The maintenance quality of cigar raw materials under different conditions of ordinary storehouses and constant temperature and humidity （temperature 21, 27 ℃; RH 60%, 65%, 70%） were compared. The results showed that under the conditions of the ordinary storehouse, temperature and humidity changed greatly, and the cigar raw materials were poorly maintained and mildewed to varying degrees; under the condition of constant temperature and humidity （27 ℃, 70%）, the moisture of cigar raw materials remained good, the color changed evenly, the chemical components of nicotine, total nitrogen, total sugar, chlorine and potassium changed significantly, and the sensory quality was the best. The conditions of ordinary storehouses were not suitable for storing and maintaining cigar raw materials. It was necessary to create constant temperature and humidity conditions for storing and maintaining cigar raw materials. The most suitable temperature and humidity conditions for storage and maintenance were （27±1） ℃,（70±5）%.

Extraction of summer harvest crops in Jiangsu Province based on time series images and key phenological features

WANG Zong-wei, LU Gang, QIN Hui-jie, ZHANG Xun, CHEN Gang-qiang, HUANG Bo-chao

2022, 61(10): 141-146. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.025

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Crop remote sensing classification and recognition is not only the basis for extracting the planting range and area of crops, but also the basis for monitoring the growth, yield, disasters and other related information of crops. Rape and wheat are the main winter crops in Jiangsu Province. In order to solve the problem of rapid and accurate extraction of main summer crops in Jiangsu Province, taking Yixing city as an example, this paper proposed a summer harvest crop extraction method based on time series images and key phenological features. Based on the different characteristics of different agricultural crops in the process of growth and development, combined with the phenological information of crops, the time series image data expressing the characteristics of each growth stage of crops were used to extract different crops. The extraction results showed that the overall accuracy was 92.65% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.86, indicating that the technology of extracting summer harvest crops in Jiangsu Province was feasible, and the extraction results could provide reference for the estimation of crop planting area, and offer technical support for crop fine monitoring and the monitoring of non-grain production of cultivated land.

Research on forward kinematics solution of 3-RPS red jujube picking manipulator based on improved differential evolution algorithm

REN Tian-tian, HU Heng, WANG Yu-wei

2022, 61(10): 147-151. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.026

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Red jujube picking is an important research for improving the production and achieving sustainable development of jujube industry in Xinjiang. This paper put forward a 3-RPS in-parallel picking manipulator of polar coordinate type which was used to overcome the problem of small load and inflexible picking of the vibrating manipulator. The improved differential evolution algorithm was introduced to solve the forward kinematics problem of the picking manipulator for planning the platform pose. The improved differential evolution algorithm could obtain a high solution efficiency and global searching abilities, avoid premature convergence, as well as get an accurate trajectory. The results showed the feasibility and generality of the new method which could develop the picking manipulator in agricultural industry.

Evaluation of lake water quality eutrophication based on hyperspectral remote sensing

SUN Bu-yang, LYU Xian-lin, ZHANG Jun-peng

2022, 61(10): 152-155. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.027

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In order to improve the evaluation accuracy of the eutrophication state of lake water quality, a new evaluation method for the eutrophication state of lake water quality was proposed, which combined hyperspectral remote sensing and firefly algorithm（FA） and improved extreme learning machine （ELM）. Because the performance of ELM model was affected by its initial input weight and hidden layer bias parameter selection, firefly algorithm was applied to ELM model parameter optimization. The results showed that compared with PSO-ELM, GA-ELM, DE-ELM and ELM, FA-ELM could effectively improve the accuracy of water quality eutrophication evaluation, providing a new method for water quality eutrophication evaluation of lakes.

Identification of Euphorbia maculata L. and its adulterants in Guangxi based on DNA barcode technology

HOU Jing, HUANG Yong, LI Li, WANG Su-e, CAI Yi

2022, 61(10): 156-159. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.028

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In order to identify the species of Euphorbia maculata L. and its adulterants,the total genomic DNAs were extracted from 41 samples of Euphorbia maculata L. and its adulterants from Guangxi, and the barcode rbcL and psbA-trnH sequences of each sample were amplified and sequenced, and compared with the rbcL and psbA-trnH sequences of 13 samples downloaded by GenBank. The intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances of Euphorbia maculata L. and its adulterants were calculated and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method. The results showed that the intraspecific genetic distance was significantly smaller than the interspecific genetic distance between Euphorbia maculata L. and its adulterants. The phylogenetic tree analysis results showed that the samples of Euphorbia maculata L. were clustered into a single line,which indicated that rbcL and psbA-trnH sequences could distinguish Euphorbia maculata L. and its adulterants.

Analysis on the positioning and development strategy of the new agricultural economic cooperation organization from the legal perspective

XU Pei-cheng

2022, 61(10): 160-164. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.029

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Rural economic development is the focus of the implementation of China's rural revitalization strategy. Rural economic cooperation organizations are playing an increasingly obvious role in promoting economic development and transforming the structure of economic development. However, due to historical and other reasons, the legal status of the agricultural economic cooperation organization is not clear enough, which has a great impact on the work of the cooperative organization. This paper first introduced the legal positioning of the new type of agricultural economic cooperation organization, and then analyzed the problems faced by the new type of agricultural economic cooperation organization in its development, and finally proposed specific development strategies.

Study on the total factor productivity and its influence factors of food processing industry：Based on the perspective of artificial intelligence and agricultural efficiency

SHEN Dan-hong, ZHAO Xiao-nan

2022, 61(10): 165-172. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.030

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Based on the provincial panel data from 2009 to 2019, the total factor productivity（TFP） and its decomposed indices of Chinese food processing industry by using the DEA-Malmquist method were calculated and then the influence mechanism and degree of artificial intelligence and agricultural efficiency on TFP under the fixed-effect model were examined. The results showed that the TFP of the food processing industry as a whole showed an upward trend during the study period, mainly driven by technological progress, but the growth rate fluctuated and decreased; the growth rate was the highest in the southern coastal region and the lowest in the northeast region of Chinese economic regions; artificial intelligence had positive effects on technological progress but inhibited TFP, and the “productivity paradox” existed in Chinese food processing industry; agricultural efficiency contributed to the growth of TFP by positively influencing technical efficiency. Accordingly, the countermeasures and suggestions of promoting the transformation and upgrading of the food processing industry, developing complementary AI technologies in the food processing industry and building modern agriculture were put forward.

Analysis of factors influencing farmers’ satisfaction in high-standard farmland construction：Taking Shiqiaoyi town, Jingmen city as an example

ZHENG Shuang, TAN Shi-ming

2022, 61(10): 173-179. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.031

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Taking the farmers who had cultivated high-standard farmland for many years as the research object, the behavioral economics as the theoretical basis, the multivariate and orderly Logistic model was constructed, and the influencing factors of satisfaction of farmers from four aspects of family characteristics, pre-features, in-event features and post-event features were analyzed. The results showed that the farmers’ satisfaction with farmland had improved after the renovation, but the overall evaluation was still not high, at an average to relatively satisfactory level; the annual family income, satisfaction of village cadres, satisfaction of construction personnel, distance of farmland from home after renovation, reduction of the field after renovation, satisfaction of water conservancy after renovation, satisfaction of traffic after renovation and satisfaction of soil after renovation had the significant impact on farmers’ satisfaction after remediation. Some suggestions such as adhering to the dominant status of farmers, strengthening construction standardization, improving project quality standards and encouraging ownership adjustment in the new round of high-standard farmland construction were put forward.

Study on Internet-enabled household consumption structure upgrading of rural residents： An empirical analysis based on CSS 2019 data

ZHAO Shi-long, YANG Jian-hui, KANG Cheng-lin

2022, 61(10): 180-186. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.032

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Based on the annual data of the China Integrated Social Conditions Survey 2019,the effect mechanism of Internet use on the expansion and upgrading of rural residents’ household consumption structure was explored by using the instrumental variables method, propensity score matching method and quantile regression. The results showed that Internet use could release rural residents’ consumption potential and promote the expansion and upgrading of rural residents’ household consumption structure. And the impact of Internet use on low-income rural residents was greater than that of high-income rural residents. As the consumption level increased, the positive effect of Internet use on the upgrading of rural residents’ household consumption structure gradually diminished.

The construction of smart community home care management mode

JI Zhi-ming, TAO Lin

2022, 61(10): 187-191. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.033

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On the basis of emphasizing the necessity, service content and construction principle of smart community home care, the SWOT analysis method was used to construct a specific mode of smart community home care in the face of six main bodies participating in smart community home care. And the problems and experience of the practice in different places were summarized, in order to provide new ideas for the follow-up research of smart community home care management.

Study on evaluation of grain productivity and its influencing factors in Shaanxi Province from the perspective of low-carbon：Based on the Malmquist-Luenberger index model

SHANG Li

2022, 61(10): 192-198. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.034

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Based on the perspective of low-carbon economy,using the statistical yearbook data of Shaanxi Province, taking the six major aspects of the agricultural production （chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films, diesel oil, plough and irrigation） of carbon emissions as “bad output” indicators into the grain productivity analysis framework, the Malmquist-Luenberger index model was constructed to analyze the grain productivity in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2019 when considering the carbon emission factors. And the multiple regression model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of grain productivity from the perspective of low-carbon economy. The results showed that the total factor productivity and the technology progress of grain in Shaanxi province showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2019 under the condition of carbon emission, but the annual growth rate was slow, and the technical efficiency index of grain was 0.995, indicating that the technical efficiency was ineffective. On this basis, the countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to improve the low-carbon productivity of grain in Shaanxi Province from five aspects of the development of low-carbon agricultural science and technology, the transformation of low-carbon scientific and technological achievements, the construction of the promotion and innovation system of low-carbon agricultural science and technology, the establishment of the guarantee mechanism of scientific researchers, and the cultivation of farmers’ awareness of low-carbon production.

Analysis on the present situation and countermeasures of agricultural socialization service system construction in Guangxi

LI Xiao-hong, QIN Jie, YANG Jing-feng, RONG Jian-bo, KONG Ling-zi, LU Bing-qiang

2022, 61(10): 199-203. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.035

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This paper analyzed and summarized the basic situation of the development of Guangxi agricultural socialized service system, including service organization system, service field, service mode, service effect and so on. This paper pointed out the shortcomings of the construction of Guangxi agricultural socialized service system, probed into the development environment of Guangxi agricultural socialized service system from the aspects of demand, opportunity and challenge, and put forward the basic principles, main tasks and countermeasures and suggestions of the construction of Guangxi agricultural socialized service system.

Study on improving the quality development mechanism of high oleic acid peanut industry in Xiangyang city

LI Xiong-cai, WEI Jing, WU Shan, ZHANG Yan, CAI Jin-lan, CHEN Yu-ning, LEI Yong, ZHANG Rong

2022, 61(10): 204-206. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.036

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Peanut is the largest oil crop in Xiangyang city, which is one of the three major peanut harvested areas in Hubei Province. Peanut with high oleic acid is the key point for peanut industry to achieve high quality development in Xiangyang city. Based on the investigation and research, the basic situation of high oleic acid peanut industry in Xiangyang city was introduced, the main problems existing in the industry development were analyzed, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.

Study on the relationship between carbon efficiency and rural ecological economy under the background of ecological agriculture

YANG Chun, GUO Lian-hong

2022, 61(10): 207-212. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.037

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Taking XX ecological economic zone as an example, aiming at the carbon input and carbon output in agricultural production, the productive efficiency, ecological efficiency and economic efficiency of agricultural carbon in each district and county of XX ecological economic zone were analyzed and calculated, and the time-space difference between carbon efficiency and rural ecological economy in each district and county based on the district and county scale were analyzed empirically. The results showed that agricultural economic output and carbon emissions were one of the decisive factors for the level of ecological efficiency. XX ecological economic zone had greatly improved the level of agricultural production from 2016 to 2019, so the output of crops had also increased. Coupled with the implementation of national preferential policies, the economic efficiency of agricultural carbon also showed an upward trend year by year; the emission of agricultural carbon in XX ecological economic zone was significantly lower than the absorption, indicating that the agricultural ecosystem carbon sink function of this economic zone was strong, but agricultural carbon emissions had a trend to increase year by year.

Study on the decoupling mechanism of heavy metal water pollutants discharge in Yellow River Basin

ZHANG Huang-bo, WU Ying-ju, WANG Xi

2022, 61(10): 213-221. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.038

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The Tapio and LMDI model were used to obtain the decoupling status and driving effect of the economic growth and heavy metal water pollutants discharge of the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2017, combined with the Dagum Gini coefficient and Kernel density estimation, the spatial and temporal difference characteristics, contribution rate and dynamic evolution laws of the key driving effects in regions and their sub-regions were revealed, and the decoupling mechanism of heavy metal water pollutants discharge in the Yellow River Basin was explained. The results showed that although there was a strong decoupling state at the basin level （except 2014—2015）, the decoupling situation in the upstream region was still very unstable. The discharge intensity effect was the dominant effect driving the decoupling of heavy metal water pollutants discharge in the basin, and the income effect of industrialization was the dominant effect restraining the decoupling of heavy metal water pollutants discharge. The spatial and temporal differences of the dominant driving effects between regions and the upstream regions were the main sources of the spatial and temporal differences in the basin. Although the effects of pollutant discharge intensity and industrialization income were evolving towards the direction of driving decoupling, the imbalance between provinces and regions was more prominent. Based on this, suggestions were put forward to promote the decoupling of heavy metal water pollutants discharge in the provinces and regions within the basin.

Cultivation and operational logic of endogenous power of rural revitalization in ethnic areas：Taking Zeku county in Qinghai Province as an example

HE Jing-wei, SUN Zi-yue

2022, 61(10): 222-224. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.039

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Rural revitalization is a major strategy to solve the issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the new era. In ethnic areas, implementing the rural revitalization strategy is an inevitable choice to consolidate the results of poverty alleviation. But for a long time, compared with the support of external forces, the endogenous power of rural areas in ethnic areas has not been fully utilized. This is not conducive to the long-term development of rural revitalization in ethnic areas, and urgent changes are needed. Taking Zeku county in Qinghai Province as an example, through a combination of on-site investigations and interviews to understand the implementation of rural revitalization in the region, it was found that Zeku county attached great importance to cultivating the endogenous power of rural revitalization and provided local experience for the cultivation of endogenous power for rural revitalization in ethnic areas, by strengthening organizational system, tapping characteristic industries, developing vocational education and promoting democracy awareness of the villagers. On this basis, it summed up the operating logic of endogenous power cultivation in ethnic areas of “needs-motivations-actions”, in order to give inspiration for the rural revitalization in other ethnic areas.

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