HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Effects of high density combined with heavy chemical control on growth and ripening of direct seeding of mid-early maturity cotton

ZHANG Li-juan, QIN Yu-kun, CHEN Jun-ying, WANG Yu-ping

2022, 61(7): 5-9. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.001

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In order to explore the optimal population structure of mid-early maturing cotton varieties under direct seeding after rape harvest and its supporting chemical control technology, the mid-early maturing cotton varieties were used as test materials, and the split plot design was used to explore the growth and development characteristics of direct seeding cotton after rape harvest and the chemical defoliation and ripening effect of different treatments under high density （60 000,90 000,120 000 and 150 000 plants/hm²） combined with heavy chemical control （spraying 98% DPC360 and 540 g effective components per hectareduring the whole growth period）. The results showed that in the range of experimental density and chemical control, with the increase of density and chemical control, the main stem became thinner, the height of initial fruit branch moved upward, the middle and upper fruit branches shortened, and the dry matter accumulation per plant decreased. The effect of density factor was greater than that of chemical control. Density and chemical control and their interaction had no significant effect on boll number per unit area; with the increase of density, the number of bolls per plant and single boll weight gradually decreased, and the increase of chemical control could reduce lint percentage and increase sub-index. With the increase of density and chemical control, the natural boll opening process of cotton was slow. In each treatment, the yield of cotton with density of 90 000 plants/hm² and DPC360 g/hm² was the highest. Density, chemical control and their interaction had no significant effect on the defoliation effect of cotton sprayed with defoliant ripening agent, had no significant effect on the final boll opening rate, and had more obvious effect on the ripening of small basic boll opening rate. Based on various factors, in Poyang Lake cotton planting area of the Yangtze river basin, the suitable density for direct seeding of mid-early maturing cotton varieties rape after harvest was about 90 000 plants/hm². The chemical control of DPC spraying during the whole growth period should be based on cotton growth and climatic conditions.

Analysis on the interaction between genotype and environment of highland barley yield traits

HE Mei-jie, CHEN Jia, LI E-xian, DU Juan, PU Xiao-ying, YANG Xiao-meng, LI Xia, YANG Li-e, YANG Jia-zhen, ZENG Ya-wen, YANG Tao

2022, 61(7): 10-12. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.002

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The correlation data of yield traits of highland barley（Hordeum vulgare L.） at different altitudes were analyzed, and the average value and difference level of yield traits of different varieties were calculated. The average values of yield traits in different regions were calculated and multiple comparisons were made. The genetic variance, environmental variance and genetic-environmental interaction variance were estimated to compare the effects of heredity and environment on yield traits of hulless barley. The results showed that the grain number and 1000-grain weight of highland barley were significantly different in each variety. Yulong area environment is more conducive to effective spike and yield increase; 1 000-grain weight was mainly controlled by heredity, followed by gene-environment interaction, with the smallest environmental impact. Effective panicle, grain number, yield and other yield traits are greatly affected by the environment.

Community structure and spatial distribution characteristics of culturable bacteria in Dongting lake

SUN Xia, LIU Yang, WANG Fang, ZHANG Hu, MAO Shu-min, QI Cui-ying

2022, 61(7): 13-19. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.003

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The physical and chemical characteristics of water and sediment samples in Dongting lake area were analyzed, and the bacterial community structure was investigated by culture-dependent method and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results show that the water body in Dongting lake is neutral to slightly alkaline, and the comprehensive trophic level index （TLI） of East, South and West Dongting lake are 43.77,46.26 and 48.16, respectively, all of which belong to mesotrophic state. A total of 94 bacterial strains are obtained from water and sediment samples of Dongting lake, belonging to 4 phyla,17 genera and 41 species. The dominant phylum is Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes, and the dominant genus is Acinetobacter. The bacterial community structure is quite different in spatial distribution. Among 17 genera obtained from water and sediment samples, only five genera are shared, eight genera are unique to water samples, and four genera are unique to sediment samples. In addition, the species richness and abundance of bacteria in water and sediment samples of East Dongting lake are higher than those in the other two lakes. The results further reveal that Dongting lake area is rich in bacteria resources, and the differences in spatial distribution of bacterial communities are comparatively obvious. The diversity of bacterial communities decreased with the increase of eutrophication level. All of the above indicates that the lake area has been polluted at different levels, which leads to the differences in physical and chemical indicators of the water quality, and then affects the structure and diversity of bacterial community. Therefore, changes in physical and chemical factors caused by the external pollution have a greater impact on the microbial community structure and diversity.

Research on preparation of seaweed organic liquid fertilizer by composite enzmy coupled microbial fermentation

QI Shou-he, LI Hao-yuan, ZHANG Heng, KONG Fan-ke, QU Wei

2022, 61(7): 20-24. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.004

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In order to develop marine biomass resources, seaweed organic liquid fertilizer was prepared by biological method with macroalgae as raw material. Compound enzymolysis coupled microbial fermentation method was used. The factors affecting enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency, such as pH, temperature, enzyme dosage and reaction time, were studied. The optimum technological parameters were obtained by orthogonal experiment. In order to further improve the release of bioactive substances in seaweed cells, the optimal fermentation conditions were obtained by further fermentation of seaweed hydrolysate with microbial agents. The results showed that the optimal enzymolysis conditions for the preparation of seaweed fertilizer by compound enzymolysis coupled with microbial fermentation were as follows： pH 6.5, enzymolysis temperature 65 ℃, enzyme dosage 5%, enzymolysis time 8 h. The optimal fermentation conditions were as follows： fermentation time 36 h, inoculation amount of microbial agent 0.3%, bottling amount 40 mL/100 mL, fermentation temperature 45 ℃, initial fermentation pH 6.5. Through seed germination test, seaweed liquid fertilizer prepared by compound enzyme hydrolysis coupled with microbial fermentation can significantly improve seed germination rate.

The study of the characteristics of soil fauna community and soil humus characteristics at different elevations in Lushan

WANG Hai-yan, ZHU Yong-heng

2022, 61(7): 25-30. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.005

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Taking the low, medium and high altitude samples of Lushan as the research object, this paper explored the characteristics of soil animal communities and soil humus characteristics at different altitudes, and provided scientific basis and data for the study and environmental management of soil animals in Lushan. In late September 2019, three sample sites were set up at low, medium and high altitudes in Lushan to investigate and experiment with soil animals and humus components. A total of 1 210 soil animals were acquired in a variety of lands, belonging to 12 families,20 orders,5 classes and 2 phyla. The number of individual stoes and DG indices of soil animals increased with altitude and then decreased, while the number of groups increased with the increase of altitude. The differenceof between the various underground humus components was significant （P<0.05）, the humus, huminic acid, huminin and humin increased and then decreased with the elevation increased, the rich acid was on the rise, and the change trend of PQ ratio and HA/FA and humus was consistent.

Research of selenium enrichment characteristic by foliar fertilization and soluble speciation analysis in grape

QUE Xiao-feng, YU Yan, FANG Zhi-cheng, SI Wen-hui, HU Xue-ping

2022, 61(7): 31-34. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.006

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The application effect of foliar spraying amino acid selenium fertilizer on selenium rich Summer Black grape was studied, and the characteristics of selenium enrichment and the distribution of selenium forms were investigated. The results showed that the best concentration of selenium solution was 250 mg/kg, and the effect was obvious; Spraying selenium fertilizer regularly from the growth and blooming stage of Summer Black grape could significantly improve the quality of leaves and help to enrich organic selenium, with the highest selenium content of 138 μg/kg. There was a positive correlation between the period of selenium enrichment and the effect of selenium enrichment （R² = 0.959 4）, the selenium enrichment effect was remarkable. The change and distribution of different forms of selenium （alkali soluble, acid soluble, Tris-HCl state, water-soluble） in selenium rich grapes were further investigated. The results showed that the extraction rate of alkaline selenium was the best at 40 ℃ and 80 min.

Effect of biological fertilizer on snail growth, water quality and soil fertility in paddy field culture

LI Wei-feng, ZHENG Bing-yan, WANG Zhi-qiang, LUO Fu-guang, JIANG Ming, LI Yan-he

2022, 61(7): 35-40. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.007

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In this study, the changes of paddy fields soil fertility and snails production after the application of biological fertilizer and fodder feeding in Ligao town, Liujiang, Liuzhou, Guangxi,were investigated and evaluated, potassium persulfate method was applied to measure total nitrogen and total phosphorus of water and soil, soil organic matter content was measured by calcination method. Snails yield estimation was carried out in Nov.2 and Nov.30, 2020, Apr.2, 2021,respectively. The results showed that the increase rate of snails in the paddy field of applying biological fertilizer（BF）was 31.73%~40.90%, greatly exceeding the yield which only applied fodder. On the whole, the results of applying biological fertilizer and fodder simultaneously（BDF）were best, achieving the level of 50.62%~57.86%. Principal component analysis was applied to calculate the comprehensive score of soil fertility, it was found that the addition of biological fertilizer significantly promoted soil total phosphorus（P<0.05）, however, other soil fertility indexes and comprehensive fertility scores were not significantly affected by that measure（P>0.05）.

Evaluation and source analysis of heavy metal pollution in mangrove forest soil at sewage outlet into the sea

DENG Su-yan, YE Hui, LUO Song-ying, LI Qiu-xia, LI Yi-feng, HONG Jia-xin, LIANG Xiao-qi, HUANG Shi-han

2022, 61(7): 41-47. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.008

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The mangrove wetlands at the sewage outfalls in Futian of Shenzhen, and Guanhai Corridor of Zhanjiang were selected as the research objects. The potential ecological risk index method and the accumulation index method were used to analyze the pollution of heavy metals in the surface mangrove soil at the sewage outlet from land sources, and the pollution sources of heavy metals were discussed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the mean values of heavy metals in the two study areas were within the range of national soil environmental quality standards. The mass fractions of six heavy metals in Futian exceeded the background values of soil in Guangdong province. Only Cd, Cu and Zn in the Guanhai Corridor exceeded the background values of soil in Guangdong province. The comprehensive potential ecological risk assessment showed that Futian mangrove had medium potential ecological risk, while the Guanhai Corridor had slight to strong ecological risk. According to the results of geoaccumulation index, Cu in mangrove soil of Futian reached medium strong pollution, Cd, Ni and Zn reached medium pollution, and Pb and Cr were slightly polluted. However, Cd, Zn and Cu in mangrove soil of Guanhai Corridor were slightly to moderately polluted, and Ni, Pb and Cr were uncontaminated. The correlation between heavy metals in mangrove soil of Futian was not significant, mainly from industrial sewage and traffic pollution. There was a significant positive correlation between heavy metal elements in the Guanhai Corridor, and the pollution mainly comes from urban domestic sewage.

Land use pattern of Urumqi city supported by neural network and its simulation

YIN Hui-hui, WU Zhao-peng, WANG Shan-shan, WANG Juan-juan

2022, 61(7): 48-53. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.009

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Based on the land use data in 2000, 2010 and 2018, this paper revealed the evolution characteristics of land use pattern in Urumqi city; On this basis, the FLUS model was applied to simulate the development trend of land use types in the study area under three scenarios in 2035. The results showed that the land use area from 2000 to 2018 showed the characteristics of “three increases and three decreases”; Among them, the dynamic change in the growth of construction land area was the largest, 7.79%, and the dynamic change in the decrease of arable land area was the largest, 1.02%; During the 18 years period, the area of grassland shifted to unused land was the largest, 435.40 km², followed by the transfer of forest land to grassland and grassland to cropland; Under the natural development scenario, the area of grassland to cropland was the largest, 105.26 km², followed by the transfer of unused land to grassland, grassland to unused land and grassland to construction land. Under the basic conservation scenario, the largest area of grassland to construction land was 59.91 km², followed by conversion of grassland to cropland, conversion of grassland to unused land and conversion of forest land to grassland. Under the ecological protection scenario, the area of both unused land and forest land was shifted to grassland, with 36.83 and 25.34 km², respectively. The study provided a scientific basis for integrated decision making in land use planning, sustainable development and resource management.

Study on ecological asset assessment in Shandong province based on land use change

SUN Xiao-pei

2022, 61(7): 54-59. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.010

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To assess the total ecological asset value, the amount of ecological asset value of each category, the ecological asset value pattern and its changes in Shandong province, and to propose countermeasures for land use and ecological asset protection. The land use pattern and its changes in Shandong province from 2015 to 2020 were studied by GIS land transfer matrix, and the Costanza global ecosystem value assessment model was applied to analyze the changes in ecological asset values. The results showed that the total value of ecological assets in Shandong province increased by 13.571 billion yuan in 2020 compared with 2015, with an increase of 11.49%. The land use structure can be further adjusted to improve the quality and quantity of ecological asset value.

Research on water quality prediction model of RF-Softmax based on GA optimization

DONG Chen-chao, TIAN Ming-hao, ZHAO Wei-chao

2022, 61(7): 60-65. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.011

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Aiming at the problems of long cycle and high cost of water quality detection, a RF-Softmax water quality prediction model based on genetic algorithm optimization was proposed. Using machine learning method and random forest algorithm for feature selection, the mathematical relationship model between ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in water samples and water quality categories was established to predict water quality categories. The genetic algorithm was used to replace the gradient descent method used in the training process of the traditional Softmax regression algorithm, which solved the problem that the logistic regression algorithm was easy to fall into the local optimal solution when the objective function was not strictly convex. The surface water in Nanzha street of Jiangyin city was used as the research object for verification. The results showed that the RF-Softmax regression model optimized by GA had the highest prediction accuracy. Compared with the traditional Softmax regression and BP neural network, the prediction accuracy increased by 11.73% and 8.40%, respectively, the mean error decreased by 58.68% and 34.92%, and the average root mean square errors decreased by 39.02% and 23.62%, respectively. The optimization effect is remarkable, which can realize efficient, accurate, low cost and fast surface water quality prediction. It provides a new idea for water quality monitoring and early warning, and is of great significance for water quality management and environmental protection.

Efficacy and safety evaluation of 10% saflufenacil suspension agent against broadleaf weeds in winter wheat field

HUANG Shi, GAN Tian, MA Dong-dong, DU Xiao-ying, LI Jun-kai

2022, 61(7): 66-68. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.012

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In order to verify the field efficacy and safety of 10% saflufenacil suspension agent（SC） in controlling broadleaf weeds in winter wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） fields, field pharmacodynamic experiments were carried out by the stem and leaf spray methods. The results showed that 20 days after the administration, the dosage of the 10% saflufenacil SC in the field were 30.0, 52.5, 75.0, 105.00 g/hm², the weeds control effects on quantity were 89.20%~100.00% on Malachium aquaticum（L.） Moench, Galium spurium L. and Veronica didyma Tenore.40 days after the administration, the weeds control effects were 88.60%~100.00%, and the fresh weight control effects were 89.10%~100.00%. Under the same dosage, the agent had better control effect on Galium spurium L. than Malachium aquaticum（L.） Moench and Veronica didyma Tenore. The recommended dosage of 10% saflufenacil suspension agent SC in field were 30.0~75.0 g/hm². Within the range of recommended dose, 10% saflufenacil SC could effectively control broadleaf weed in winter wheat field, and it was safety to winter wheat.

Isolation and identification of microorganism in larvae of naturally dead Batocera lineolata

LI Bei-na, YANG Zhen-de, LIN Ye-bang, XU Lei, WEI Shan-fang, BAN Zhong-hua

2022, 61(7): 69-76. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.013

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In order to find biocontrol bacteria with insecticidal activity against Batocera lineolata, and develop efficient microbial agents for biological control of Batocera lineolata, the traditional method of microbial isolation and culture combined with 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to isolate and identify the microorganisms in the larvae of Batocera lineolata. The results showed that 21 strains of bacteria were classified into 12 genera including Klebsiella, Serratia and Alcaligenes, respectively. The 8 strains of fungi are classified into 6 genera including Clonostachys, Fusariums and Cordyceps. The insecticidal activities and exploitation potential of Serratia, Cordyceps and Clonostachys were discussed.

Uptake and subcellular distribution of cadmium in Paulownia tomentosa×P.fortunei 33

ZHU Xiu-hong, LI Zhe-jing, ZHANG Ji-zhong, ZHANG Meng, WANG Ming-kun, RU Guang-xin

2022, 61(7): 77-82. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.014

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Aiming to study the tolerance mechanism of Paulownia fortunei to heavy metal cadmium, Paulownia tomentosa×P.fortunei 33 was used as experimental material to study the absorption and accumulation characteristics, root morphology, physiological characteristics and subcellular distribution characteristics of Cd under different concentrations of cadmium stress. The results showed that under different concentrations of cadmium stress, the Cd content in all parts of Paulownia tomentosa×P.fortunei 33 showed root > leaf > stem; With the increase of cadmium stress concentration, root length, root volume and root surface area, non protein sulfhydryl（NPT） content of seedlings increased first and then decreased, glutathione（GSH） content decreased significantly, chelating peptide（PCS） content increased significantly, the proportion of Cd content in cell wall and cell fluid increased, MDA content in roots and leaves increased significantly, and SOD activity in leaves did not change significantly, SOD activity in roots decreased first and then increased. When the cadmium concentration was higher than 20 mg/L, the POD activity of plants and CAT activity of roots increased significantly, the cat activity of leaves increased first and then decreased, and the proline content of roots and leaves increased significantly. In conclusion, Paulownia tomentosa×P.fortunei 33 can improve the tolerance and enrichment of cadmium by enhancing the activities of SOD, pod and cat in roots, pod and cat in leaves and accumulating osmotic regulators; The retention of Cd by root cell wall, the compartmentalization of Cd by cell fluid in stem and leaf and the chelation of Cd by non protein sulfhydryl compounds may be the main reasons for Paulownia tomentosa×P.fortunei 33 to tolerate Cd stress.

Effect of cesium chloride treatment on photosystem II activity of spinach leaves

XU Jing, WANG Chao, WU Yong, WU Xiu-li, MA Ze-gang

2022, 61(7): 83-88. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.015

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In order to reveal the effect mechanism of Cs on plant photosynthesis, different concentrations of CsCl were used to treat spinach seedlings which were cultured in quartz sand. The chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetic analysis method were used to explore damaged position, damaged degree and photosynthetic electron transfer of spinach leaf PSII after Cs stress. The results showed that the OEC on the donor side of the PSII reaction center of spinach suffered slight damage when the CsCl concentration is 1~5 mmol/L. In order to adapt to the change of external environment, the opening degree of active reaction centers in spinach were increased under low concentration treatment, which promotes the increase of PSII photosynthetic activity were reflected by the rised parameters of φ_Po,φ_Eo,Ψ_o. Photosynthetic electron transport were blocked because of the damage on the PSII donor side OEC of spinach leaves, reaction center and receptor side of PSII when the concentrations of CsCl reach 10 mmol/L.

Study on the adaptability of different flue-cured tobacco varieties in Shizong county typical tobacco areas

CAO Jia-yuan, XU Yu-ping, ZHOU Fang-fang, MENG De-ren, ZHENG Shi-fang, ZHAO Li-guang, SUN Yong-hua, LI Xian-cai, PAN Yi-hong, LEI Fu-hou, ZHANG Ben-ya

2022, 61(7): 89-94. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.016

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Nine flue-cured tobacco cultivars were compared with Yunyan87 in three typical tobacco-growing areas in Shizong county to analyze their adaptability for different area. The results showed that Yunyan 105 and Yunyan 97 performed much better in Longqing. They had less diseases and disease rate was below 3%. The output value per hectare increased by 20.66% and 13.22% respectively compared with Yunyan 87. They were much suitable for local demonstration and promotion with good ecological. In the Zhuji tobacco area, Yunyan 121, Zhongchuan 208, and Yunyan 207 performed better. Agronomic traits such as plant height and leaf area were better than Yunyan 87 and the output value per hectare increased by 13.57%, 7.14%, and 7.14% respectively compared with Yunyan 87. They were suitable for local planting. In the Caiyunyan area, Yunyan 97, Zhongchuan 208, and Yunyan 207 performed well in field growth. All agronomic indicators of the three varieties were better than Yunyan 87. The output value per hectare increased by 12.59%, 17.48%, and 10.49% respectively compared with Yunyan 87. In summary, Yunyan 105 and Yunyan 97 are suitable for planting in Longqing tobacco area. Yunyan 121, Zhongchuan 208 and Yunyan 207 are suitable for planting in Zhuji tobacco area. Yunyan 97, Zhongchuan 208 and Yunyan 207 are suitable for planting in Caiyun tobacco area.

Regional adaptation study on new flue-cured tobacco strains in Hubei province

LI Ya-pei, CAO Jing-lin, CHENG Jun-qi, WU Cheng-lin, ZHANG Jun-jie

2022, 61(7): 95-98. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.017

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To explore different environmental conditions on the new bred flue-cured tobacco strains agriculture in Hubei province, the new flue-cured tobacco strains HB104, HB204 and HB205 were selected as experimental materials, Yunyan 87 used as the control, plot contrast test for two years were carried out in Lichuan city Liangwu township, Xingshan county Huangliang town, Zhushan county Guandu town, Baokang county Maliang townin in Hubei province, the differences of output value and intrinsic chemical composition on three new flue-cured tobacco strains at four pilot areas in Hubei province were analyzed. The results showed that the average output value of the new strain HB204 in two consecutive years was higher than that of the control Yunyan87, which were better at adaptability and stability than that of the control Yunyan87, and were almost the same at the average contents of nicotine, total nitrogen, total sugar, reducing sugar and chloride ion as that of the control Yunyan87, and was higher than that of the control Yunyan87 at the content of potassium ion, and the overall coordination of internal chemical composition of that was good, which was the most suitable for spreading planting in all producing areas of Hubei province.

The influence of meteorological factors on the chemical composition of tobacco leaves in Linyi city

XIE Cui-yu, SUN Ya-feng, MA Xiao-jie, FEI Ri-chao, WANG Xiao-ting

2022, 61(7): 99-102. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.018

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The effects of meteorological factors on chemical components of tobacco leaves in Linyi city were studied. Through cluster analysis, eight tobacco stations in Linyi area were classified, and the results showed that eight tobacco stations were classified into three categories. Based on the statistical analysis of meteorological data from 1964 to 2019 in the areas where eight tobacco stations are located, the average temperature from May to September is 23.3 ℃, the average sunshine hours is 203.21 hours, and the average accumulated precipitation is 624.7 mm. The results of canonical correlation analysis showed that the average monthly temperature would affect the total sugar, the ratio of nitrogen to alkali, reducing sugar and the difference of two sugars in tobacco leaves; the average monthly sunshine would affect the total sugar, reducing sugar, the difference of two sugars and the ratio of nitrogen to alkali in tobacco leaves; the average monthly precipitation would affect the total sugar, reducing sugar and the difference of two sugars in tobacco leaves.

Establishment of HPLC fingerprint of Zhuang medicinal herb Bauhinia aurea based on multiple analysis models

LIU Xiao, LI Lin-jie, WANG Yu-han, WANG Zhi-ping

2022, 61(7): 103-107. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.019

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To establish HPLC fingerprints of methanolic extract from Bauhinia aurea of different batches. HPLC method was used to establish fingerprints. The chromatographic column was Inertsil ODS-SP C₁₈ column （4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）, the mobile phase was gradient acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 30 ℃, the injection volumn was 10 μL, and the detection wavelength was 212 nm. Similarity evaluation, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used for data analysis. The HPLC fingerprints of Bauhinia aurea of 10 batches were established. 11 common peaks were found in the fingerprints, three of them were identified as components epicatechin, hyperoside and quercitin. The similarities of 10 samples were all over 0.9. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis were divided different batches of Bauhinia aurea into four categories. The established fingerprint method and analysis models are stable and reliable, which can provide the basis for quality evaluation of this Zhuang medicinal herb.

Comparison of quality differences of flavonoids in Sophora japonica L. flowers and Robinia pseudoacacia L. flowers

FU Feng-ping, GAO Xin-yue, YU Jia, WU Jian-ying, YU Ling, CHEN Hong-ying

2022, 61(7): 108-112. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.020

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Sophora japonica L. flowers and Robinia pseudoacacia L. flowers are closely related varieties, both of which have medicinal and edible value and are rich in flavonoids. The standard of Sophora japonica L. flowers in pharmacopoeia was used to explore the difference of flavonoids between the two, so as to facilitate the distribution and clinical distinction. With rutin as the control, TLC qualitative comparison, colorimetry determination of total flavonoids content and HPLC determination of rutin content were conducted for the two sophora flower. The difference between the chromatograms of Sophora japonica L. flower and Robinia pseudoacacia L. flower was very obvious. Rutin was the main chemical composition in Sophora japonica L. flower, and there were different principal components from rutin in Robinia pseudoacacia L. flower. The determination results showed that the contents of total flavonoids and rutin of Sophora japonica L. flowers were about 1.5 times and 5~10 times of that of Robinia pseudoacacia L. flowers, respectively. The total flavonoids content of the two kinds of Sophora japonica L. flowers was greater than 8%; the total flavonoids of the same species of Sophora japonica L. flowers from different origins showed differences; after processing, the contents of total flavonoids and rutin gradually decreased in the order of raw Sophora japonica L. flowers, fried Sophora japonica L. flowers and Sophora japonica L. flowers charcoal. The chromatographic differences between the two kinds of Flos Sophorae were obvious, which could be used for the qualitative identification of the two; the contents of total flavonoids and rutin in Robinia pseudoacacia L. flowers were significantly lower than those in Sophora japonica. L. flowers There were differences in the amount of the same species of Sophora japonica L.flowers from different habitats, and there was little difference in chromatogram. The flavonoids in Flos Sophorae after processing changed to some extent; the results can be used for the comparison of flavonoids differences between the two.

Determination of 13 sex hormone residues in eggs by UPLC-MS/MS

XU Meng, CHEN Ting-ting, LU Ru-jian, CHEN Yu, LYU Hao-ping

2022, 61(7): 113-118. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.021

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The ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） was used to optimize the extraction and purification conditions, and the external standard method was used to quantify the 13 kinds of sex hormone residues in eggs. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, purified by Waters Oasis PRiME HLB column, and detected by UPLC-MS/MS. The samples were collected in positive and negative ion mode, and detected by multiple reaction monitoring （MRM）. The residues of 13 kinds of sex hormones such as estradiol, estriol, and esterone in eggs were analyzed by matrix matching external standard method. The results showed that the linearity of 13 sex hormones in egg matrix was good. The limit of quantification was 1.50~41.00 μg/kg, and the RSD of recovery （RSD） was 0.21%~14.08%. The average recovery at the spiked levels of 50.00, 100.00 and 200.00 μg/kg in eggs was 62.60%~117.20%. The method used in this study is fast, specific, accurate and easy to operate, which is suitable for the detection and analysis of residual sex hormones in eggs.

Cotton stalk baled harvest technology and equipment status in China

LIAO Pei-wang, WANG Ren-bing, GONG Jian-xun, LIU Kai-kai, ZHANG Ai-min

2022, 61(7): 119-124. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.022

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As an important way of cotton stalk harvest, cotton stalk baled harvest is not only convenient for the storage and transportation of cotton stalk, but also can improve the harvest efficiency of cotton stalk. The significance of the development of cotton stalk baled harvesting technology and equipment was elaborated, and the domestic cotton stalk baled harvesting technology and equipment were analyzed and discussed, and the research characteristics and development trend in this field were summarized and prospected, and the cotton stalk baled harvesting countermeasures suitable for China's national conditions were put forward.

Analysis on the decorative types of the residential gatehouses in the Ming and Qing dynasties in Taigu

CAO Ye, WU Xiao-gang, GUO Bing-yi, REN Yi-wei

2022, 61(7): 125-129. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.023

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Gatehouse is not only an important part of the residential courtyard, but also a kind of architectural cultural heritage, its decorative components have high artistic value. Through the method of literature research and field survey and mapping, the decorative components of residential gatehouses in the Ming and Qing dynasties in Taigu district, Jinzhong city, Shanxi province were classified. The types, themes and protection of decorative components of the gate building were discussed. The classification of four decorative components including chitou, rhynchotherium, sparrow brace and vertical style of the gatehouse building of residential buildings was studied. The social tendency, types and expression methods of the patterns on the decorative components of the gatehouse were discussed, in order to provide some reference value for the classification research, protection and repair of the decorative components of the gatehouse in other areas, and to perfect the theoretical system of the decoration and protection of the residential gatehouse.

Construction of 3D visualization information platform based on CesiumJS and Electron framework

LI Jia-jun, HUANG Xiang-zhi, ZHAO Ya-meng, LEI Guo-ye, ZHAO Xiao-ming

2022, 61(7): 130-134. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.024

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The two mainstream technologies of CesiumJS 3D earth visualization framework and Electron cross-platform development framework were introduced, the integrated application scenarios of the two through actual cases of engineering projects were demonstrated, and the development method of the combination of the two was discussed. The introduction of core functions related to the case showed that CesiumJS had rich functions and performance capabilities in spatial data visualization, the Electron technology was used to expand the support of WebGIS applications for local data, in order to provide new models and new ideas for building more flexible and efficient and a smooth 3D visualization information platform.

Construction of agricultural pest image recognition system in Hebei province

LIU Zhen, JI Ming-mei, GUO Zhi-ding, HUANG Su-fang, ZHAO Zhong-xiang, YAN Xu-dong, TENG Xiao, SHI Mi, YUE Ming-qiang, LIU Qing-song, XU Yu-peng

2022, 61(7): 135-139. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.025

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Based on the continuous development and integration of agricultural technology and information technology, residual neural network pest image recognition system on Asp.NET Core MVC architecture was proposed to solve the low accuracy and efficiency of crop pest recognition in Hebei province. Firstly, the system collects the image information of target classification by mobile acquisition terminal and network image crawler, and uses data enhancement technology to expand the sample library to obtain the data set of neural network training model. Then by building machine learning framework, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, ResNet-152 residual network models are introduced to train the data set and verify its accuracy. Finally, the most accurate training results model is applied to crop pest classification service system. The identification model has good applicability and robustness, which can provide identification and diagnosis functions for pests of main crops in Hebei province.

Research and implementation of agricultural products traceability trusted platform based on blockchain technology

LIAO Ding-an

2022, 61(7): 140-144. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.026

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Taking the traceability platform of agricultural products as the research object, the blockchain technology was applied to the traceability platform of agricultural products, the trusted traceability platform system of agricultural products based on blockchain was constructed, and the consistency protocol of blockchain PBFT（Practical byzantine fault tolerance） algorithm was improved, which realized the sharing and non tampering of traceability data of agricultural products, and ensured the authenticity and timeliness of traceability information. In order to verify the function of the traceability trusted platform, a series of system tests were carried out to verify that the traceability trusted platform of agricultural products meets the functional requirements. The results showed that the system adopted blockchain technology to solve the problems existing in the traditional agricultural product traceability platform, such as unreliable traceability information, poor system security, data leakage, unsafe transaction and so on, so as to make consumers trust the traceability information more and feel more at ease.

Fusion algorithm in multi-target apple recognition and localization in natural scene

CAO Chun-qing, ZHANG Wu-ping, LI Fu-zhong, HAN Ji-wan, YU Ting-xi, LIU Shuai

2022, 61(7): 145-151. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.027

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The accurate recognition and three-dimensional positioning of apple picking targets in natural scenes are the key technologies of apple intelligent picking equipment. Integrating YOLOv3 algorithm and binocular vision technology, the samples in a variety of natural scenes were trained through YOLOv3 algorithm, the recognition model was constructed, apple imageswere obtained by binocular vision, the two-dimensional coordinates of the target apple in the image were obtained by using the YOLOv3 model, and then the depth coordinate information was obtained by using the binocular vision parallax principle to realize the three-dimensional spatial positioning of the target apple. The algorithm was applied to apple recognition and location in different natural scenes, and the recognition effect and location accuracy were evaluated. The results showed that the minimum relative error was 0.193% and the maximum relative error was 3.670% under the condition of uneven illumination, shadow on the fruit and mutual occlusion; In the case of insufficient illumination and mutual occlusion at night, the minimum relative error was 0.831% and the maximum relative error was 4.417%; The minimum relative error was 0.176% and the maximum relative error was 4.205% when dew forms reflection on the surface of apple and the fruits block each other; When the light was weak, the shadow was small and there was occlusion, the minimum relative error was 0.168%, and the maximum relative error was 3.776%. The algorithm used in the study only needed an appropriate number of samples to meet the recognition and positioning training in different scenes, and mAP （mean Average Precision） in different scenes was 96.60%. The algorithm has strong stability, can identify the target apples in different application scenarios such as overlap, night and light refraction, and can better meet the accuracy requirements of intelligent robot in recognition and positioning.

Study on callus induction technology of Actinidia arguta leaves

ZHU Jun-li, LI Yu-chuan

2022, 61(7): 152-154. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.028

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In order to solve the problem of low induction rate and poor rapid propagation effect of explants in the primary culture of Actinidia arguta （Sieb. & Zucc） Planch. ex Miq., the leaves of Actinidia arguta were used as explants, and the optimal sterilization procedure was selected by using different disinfection reagents and disinfection treatment time. Different mediums and different concentrations of KT, 2,4-D were combined to select the best initial culture medium formula. The results showed that the expanded leaves were selected as explants, treated with 75% CH₃CH₂OH for 30 s, then treated with 10% NaClO for 20 min, and treated with 0.1% HgCl₂ for 10 min. The explants were rinsed with sterile water for 3~4 times, and then transferred to the medium MS+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+1.0 mg/L KT+3.00% sugar+0.55% agar, pH 5.8. The medium was placed in light of 2 500 lx, 8 h/d, and cultured at 26 ℃ for 8 d. A small number of callus appeared, and the average single-bud more than 0.8 g after 60 d. The average length of single callus was 0.7~1.4 cm, belonging to medium callus.

Analysis on current situation and countermeasures of crayfish industry in Hubei province

WU Ya-ling, CAI Zhi-wen, FANG Yan-zhen, LI Lin-bo, LYU Qing-bei, LEI Shu-yan

2022, 61(7): 155-158. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.029

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The industrial status and industrial structure of crayfish in Hubei province were analyzed. The study found that the main problems of crayfish industry in Hubei province were the imbalance between supply and demand caused by the excessive development of the “rice shrimp co cropping” model, attaching importance to shrimp and neglecting rice lead to the damage of planting benefits in basic grain fields, and the low degree of scale leads to the low operating efficiency of retail investors. In view of the above problems, countermeasures and suggestions such as combining industry, university and research to promote the standardized construction of crayfish base; Strengthening interest connection and expanding industrial functions; Extending the industrial chain and optimizing the industrial layout were put forward.

Research on development strategy of Didi agricultural machinery based on SWOT analysis

ZHAO Yi-fan, LIU Dao-de, XIE Yun

2022, 61(7): 159-164. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.030

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In order to effectively solve the contradiction between supply and demand of “farmers are inorganic, agricultural machinery is landless”, a strategic matrix was constructed in combination with the advantages and disadvantages, opportunities and threats faced of the development of Didi agricultural machinery, the SWOT analysis method was used to analyze the development status of Didi agricultural machinery. The results show that Didi agricultural machinery has been applied in agricultural production practice, but there are threats such as frequent false orders, uneven quality of agricultural machinery socialization services, vague pricing of agricultural machinery services, and agricultural machinery operation safety and service information security cannot be guaranteed, and the overall situation is still in the stage of exploration and development. On this basis, according to the advantages and characteristics of the development of Didi agricultural machinery, it is proposed to pilot and popularize in counties and cities in plain ares; Improve the user evaluation system and improve the service level of Didi agricultural machinery platform, and promote joint collaboration between similar platforms of Didi agricultural machinery with awards.

Analysis of international tourists' perception of traditional village tourism based on TGC：A case study of Hongcun,Anhui province

WANG Zi-di, HOU Jian-nan

2022, 61(7): 165-171. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.031

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Takeing Hongcun,Anhui province as an example, based on the tourist generated content （TGC） obtained by Flickr, Tripadvisor and Ctrip Travel website. The perception of international tourists and their spatial preferences were analyzed and compared with domestic tourists. The results show that international tourists pay more attention to natural tourism attractions in Hongcun, followed by cultural tourism attractions. Compared with domestic tourists, international tourists have less interaction with villagers; International tourists' perception of Hongcun's emotional attitude is mainly positive, and they are willing to recommend sightseeing and have a certain reputation. However, compared with domestic tourists, international tourists' cognition and emotional perception of regional culture are still weaker; The spatial distribution of international tourists to Hongcun tends to be uneven. They gather in the near water area, showing keen scenic and recreational activities, and gather less near the cultural architectural landscape highlighting the regional culture. Based on the tourist perception characteristics of international tourists in Hongcun, corresponding suggestions are put forward from the aspects of promotion, management and authenticity protection, in order to provide reference for the protection, development and policy-making of inbound tourism in Chinese traditional villages in the future.

Research on the influencing factors of migrant workers' citizenization willingness in Shaanxi province under the background of new urbanization

LI Rui, LI Yan, QI Ya

2022, 61(7): 172-176. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.032

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The “14th Five-Year” plan for 2020 emphasizes promoting a new type of urbanization centered on people, strengthening basic public service guarantees, and accelerating the urbanization of agricultural transfer populations. In this context, the influencing factors of the willingness of migrant workers to become citizens in Shaanxi province were analyzed by using the 2017 national migrant population dynamic monitoring data and binary Logistic regression model. The research found that education in the demographic variables, monthly household income, monthly household expenditure, homeowner's contracted land, employment status and the number of family members living together in the family characteristic variables, the establishment of social security cards and temporary residence permits/residence permits, the willingness of social integration in the social characteristic variables, and the length of mobility in the mobility characteristic variables had significant impact on the willingness of migrant workers to become citizens in Shaanxi province. Among them, factors such as the presence or absence of contracted land in the hometown, the establishment of a temporary residence permit/residence permit, and the willingness to integrate into society were more significant. Therefore, it was proposed that the government should strengthen the top-level design and improve the social security mechanism, coordinate social resources and strengthen social support, so as to further promote the citizenization of migrant workers in Shaanxi province.

Research on the extension of the potato industry chain under the background of staple foods：Taking Enshi prefecture as an example

LI Chao, LIU Dao-de, XIE Yun

2022, 61(7): 177-180. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.033

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The implementation of the strategy of potato （Solanum tuberosum L.） as a staple food is of great significance for the adjustment of China's agricultural industry structure, the guarantee of food security and the transformation and upgrading of the residents' dietary structure. Based on the influence mechanism of staple food and potato industry chain extension, through field visits and literature review, the development status of each link of Enshi prefecture potato industry was discussed. It was found that the potato production and operation was extensive, deep processing was not enough, and the external consumption pull was small, it was analyzed that the potato industry chain lacked effective technical support for pre-production extension, lacked sufficient financial support for post-production extension, and lacked a favorable external environment for horizontal extension. Based on this, it was proposed that the research and development of new selenium-enriched varieties in high mountains, the cultivation of leading potato processing enterprises, and the strengthening of demonstration and promotion and consumption guidance were the main directions for promoting the extension of the potato industry chain under the background of staple food.

The evolution process and influence effect of industrial and commercial capital to the countryside

WANG Ting, FEI Luo-cheng

2022, 61(7): 181-186. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.034

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From the perspective of overall urban and rural development,by combing the policy evolution and development status of China's industrial and commercial capital to the countryside, combined with literature research, the multi subject effect of China's industrial and commercial capital to the countryside was revealed. The results show that the policy evolution of the industrial and commercial capital to the countryside has experienced three stages of restriction, relaxation, guidance and regulation,and has formed the basic characteristics of multiple subjects and multiple models. This phenomenon has a diversified effect on farmers, grassroots governments, village collectives, and business capital itself, which demonstrates the attribute of a “double-edged sword”. Specifically, capital to the countryside can increase the income of farmers, improve the degree of organization of farmers, and yet it harms the farmers' interests and restricts the long-term development of farmers themselves. This can also activate the functions of degraded village collective organizations, but bring a certain impact to grassroots governance. For grassroots governments, this can enhance their performance, but also lead to ruling risks on account of the absence of functions. It is beneficial to the development of enterprise, but also makes enterprise face operating risks at the same time. Under the background of capital to the countryside, different optimization paths should be adopted according to the characteristics of different subjects, so as to realize the sharing benefits and win-win cooperation among multiple subjects.

Research on high-quality development path of selenium-rich industry driven by scientific and technological innovation

YUAN He-tao

2022, 61(7): 187-191. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.035

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With the in-depth implementation of innovation driven development strategy, technology innovation driven development has become a new mode of industrial revitalization in the new era. Aiming at the underdeveloped region “China selenium valley” under the background of innovation driven, this paper made an empirical analysis on the current situation and existing problems of the development of selenium rich industry driven by scientific and technological innovation through 10-year scientific and technological plan projects and development data of selenium-rich industry. The results show that, in recent years, the development of selenium-rich industry in “China selenium valley” has been on the rise, the value potential of selenium-rich industry has been highlighted, and breakthroughs have been made in key technologies. However, due to the lack of scientific and technological innovation capacity, limited scientific and technological resources and other reasons, the selenium-rich industry has not formed an innovation chain. It is suggested that the sustainable efforts should be made in the aspects of establishing a mechanism for the development of selenium-rich industry driven by scientific and technological innovation, improving the independent innovation ability of enterprises, strengthening the scientific and technological research and development of selenium-rich industry and the transformation of achievements, relying on scientific and technological innovation to promote the technological upgrading of selenium-rich industry, expanding the selenium-rich industry chain through the extension of scientific and technological innovation, and promoting the high-quality development of selenium-rich industry.

Analysis on the modernization path of China's water resources governance system from the perspective of holistic governance：Taking Singapore's water resources management model as an example

YAO Jia-ming

2022, 61(7): 192-196. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.036

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In order to solve the dilemma of water resources governance in China, taking Singapore's water resources management model as the research object from the perspective of holistic governance, the current situation of water resources and the characteristics of water resources management model in Singapore were systematically combed, and Singapore's policies and management experience in overall planning, institutional setting, management concept, publicity and education were summarized. The study found that Singapore had formed a complete water supply system and realized the efficient utilization of water resources through unified management institutions, perfect laws and regulations, strict supervision and management, advanced innovative technology and other means. On this basis, it put forward some suggestions on the construction of water resources governance subject, system improvement, resource allocation, publicity and education in China.

Collaborative governance path of multiple subjects of rural social assistance in the post-poverty era： Based on SFIC model analysis

WU Ya-fei, ZHANG Yuan-jie

2022, 61(7): 197-202. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.037

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In order to improve the rural social assistance the ability and level of poverty governance, solve the existing in practice, such as low coordination of relief subjects and unsatisfactory results. Under the background of the era of poverty alleviation, relying on the collaborative governance theory and taking SFIC model as the analysis framework, the dilemma of multi-subject collaborative governance of rural social assistance was analyzed. It was proposed to realize the coordinated governance of multiple subjects of rural social assistance in the post-poverty era by building incentive mechanism, catalytic mechanism, communication mechanism and supervision mechanism.

Study on the pension relief of the left behind elderly in rural areas under the background of rural revitalization：Based on the perspective of multiple governance theory

CHEN Ji-hua, WANG Gui-yuan

2022, 61(7): 203-208. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.038

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In order to achieve high-quality old-age care for rural left-behind elderly, the survey data of rural left-behind migrant children and elderly security services and related policy support system research project （2016） were used to study the old-age dilemma of rural left-behind elderly in China, and their material and spiritual support status were analyzed. The results showed that the elderly left behind in rural areas were in a dilemma of both material and spiritual support. Therefore, it put forward the co-governance and relief strategy of joint participation, consultation and cooperation between the party and the government, market enterprises, social organizations, community residents, family members and relatives under the background of the rural revitalization strategy.

Practice of folk rules embedded in rural environmental governance： Taking Qiaotou village in North China as an example

DONG Yue-mo

2022, 61(7): 209-212. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.039

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In order to sort out the practical logic of alleviating the failure of rural environmental governance, the in-depth interview, participatory observation and other research methods were used to carry out field research on the environmental governance practice of Qiaotou village in North China. The research found that compared with official rules, folk rules permeated into rural daily life and carried a higher degree of acceptance in village environmental governance. Therefore, taking folk rules as the catalyst can help the environmental governance rules to be fully integrated into the daily life of the village, strengthen the villagers' identity to the environmental governance rules, improve the effectiveness of environmental governance, and correct the failure of village environmental governance.

Study on the suitability of rural residential environment for aging based on improved AHP method：Taking the rural living environment in Xinjian district of Nanchang as an example

CHEN Zuo-jiang, TANG Shi-bin, QIN Meng-lin

2022, 61(7): 213-220. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.040

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In order to study the aging construction of ordinary rural living environment in China, the rural living environment of 9 towns in Xinjian district of Nanchang city was selected as the research object,the evaluation index system based on one target layer, six criteria layers and 36 index layers was constructed, and the improved AHP method was innovatively used to calculate the weight. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation scores and ranking of rural living environment suitability of 9 surveyed townships are Zhaoxian town （3.870 5 points） > Economic Development zone （3.767 2 points） > Meilin town （3.661 8 points） > Xixia town （3.406 2 points） > Shigang town （3.395 0 points） > Lehua town （3.300 7 points） > Qiaoshe town （3.168 2 points） > Shibu town （2.975 4 points） > Xishan town （2.725 3 points）, and the comprehensive evaluation score of rural living environment suitability in Xinjian district of Nanchang city is 3.363 4 points. The evaluation satisfaction of aging construction is “general”.

Research on the development of rural tourism in Nantong under the background of rural revitalization

WANG Yi-yi

2022, 61(7): 221-225. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.041

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The development of rural tourism strengthens the possibility of the diversified development of rural resources and conforms to the trend of modern rural development in China. Nantong has excellent location advantages, rich resource conditions, strong local culture and other advantages, but because the development of Nantong rural tourism started late, has not been widely concerned and recognized by the market. To analyze the development advantages and dilemmas of Nantong rural tourism, put forward targeted suggestions from the aspects of tourism product construction, industrial planning, talent introduction and intelligent network platform construction, cultivate Nantong country “tourism plus” and “internet plus” and promote the high-quality development of Nantong rural tourism, and realize rural revitalization.

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