Table of Content

25 March 2022, Volume 61 Issue 6

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Reviews

The physiological characteristic and molecular regulatory mechanism of grain filling in maize

CHEN Ding

2022, 61(6):  5-7.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.001

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Maize grain filling rate affects the accumulation of dry substances and the grain dehydration process after physical mature. To obtain high yield and high quality corn, the characteristics of corn grain grouting must be elucidated deeply. Maize grain filling process is a complex dynamic physiological metabolic process, which is jointly affected by both genetic effects and environmental factors. Here, the physiological characteristics of the maize grain filling process and the molecular mechanism of maize grain filling rate were summarized, and this review will provide informative theoretical genetic basis for the high-yield maize breeding in the future.

Summary of research on land use conflict and dissolution

ZHANG Zheng, PEI Wei, HE Ke-ren, HU Ye-cui

2022, 61(6):  8-13.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.002

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By reading a lot of literature, combing different scholars on land use conflict research results, comparative analysis of the similarities and differences of different results. Based on the existing research on the concept of land use conflict, this paper analyzes the current research progress of land use conflict, and analyzes the similarities and differences of the nature and root causes of land use conflict in different developing countries, summarizes the manifestations of land use conflicts, and analyzes that the ablation of land use conflicts should focus on the improvement of theoretical framework and the updating of technical methods. Finally, through the comparison and induction of domestic and foreign research, four main directions of future land use conflict research and development are put forward, which are strengthening the theoretical framework of land use conflict, improving land system, innovating land use conflict control methods, and strengthening the combination of land use conflict theory and practice.

Breeding & Cultivation

Application and practice of identification of winter-spring character of wheat in regional test

YANG ZI-guang, SUN Jun-wei, ZHANG Ke, MENG Li-mei

2022, 61(6):  14-17.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.003

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In order to explore the application effect of winter and spring identification index in national and Henan wheat regional test, according to the results of winter and spring identification of winter wheat region in the south of Huang-Huai River from 2009 to 2013, the application of winter and spring wheat identification was summarized and analyzed. The results showed that the heading rate of spring sowing could be used as the best index for winter and spring wheat identification and contributed to the examination and application of wheat varieties.

Effects of bio-organic selenium on agronomic and economic characters and grain selenium content of maize

YU Kan, AI Shu-zhi, ZHA Sheng, HUANG Si-si, CAI Duan-wu, LONG Xiao-ling, HE Zheng-hua, HUANG Yi-qin, ZHENG Wei

2022, 61(6):  18-22.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.004

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In order to study the effect of bio-organic selenium on selenium enrichment and agronomic and economic characters of maize, the maize was treated by foliar spraying under different concentration and dosage at maize tasseling stage, and the content of total selenium and organic selenium in maize kernel and its agronomic and economic characters were measured. The results showed that different treatments had different effects on plant characters, panicle characters and sugar content of maize. Among the nine treatments, plant height of A1B1 was lower than CK, while that of other treatments was higher than CK in plant height and panicle height. Among the 7 panicle characters investigated, 9 treatments of panicle diameter, kernels per row, one hundred grain weight and bald tip length were all better than CK, but 9 treatments showed different performance compared with CK in panicle length, rows per panicle and grain depth. Six of the nine treatments increased sugar content compared with CK, among which A1B3 and A2B3 increased significantly by 3.97%. Compared with CK, the selenium content of all treatments increased significantly and reached the standard of selenium-rich maize, in addition, the proportion of organic selenium processed in seven treatments has reached more than 80% specified in the local standard of Hubei province for food safety, “The Selenium Content Requirements for Organic Selenium-rich Food” （DBS42/002—2014）. This study provided reference for reasonable spraying of bio-organic selenium in maize.

Resource & Environment

Effects of straw returning and microbial agent on soil physical and chemical indexes and yield of black currant（Ribes nigrum L.）

ZHANG Kun, ZHANG Jing-hua, WU Xin-juan, SONG Peng-hui, YANG Guang, ZHOU Shuang

2022, 61(6):  23-26.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.005

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Corn straw was used as organic material, and black currant（Ribes nigrum L.） variety Hanfeng was used as test material. Five treatments were set up by mixing and backfilling straw and soil in proportion, mixing and backfilling straw, microbial agent and decomposing agent in different proportion, and applying nitrogen fertilizer in different proportion. With no application as control, the soil physical and chemical indexes and yield before and after application were measured. The results showed that by adding corn straw, microbial agent and decomposing agent, soil organic matter and nitrogen content can be increased,pH and soil bulk density can be reduced. By applying nitrogen fertilizer, soil organic matter and pH can be reduced, and soil bulk density and nitrogen content can be increased. The changes of total phosphorus and slow-acting potassium contents in five treatments were not obvious. However, the dynamic changes of available phosphorus and available potassium in soil showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing or gentle. The yield of black currant in all treatments was higher than that of control.

Effect of biological fertilization on the number of microorganisms in the substrate sludge of the rice fields with snails breeding

ZHENG Bing-yan, LI Wei-feng, LUO Fu-guang, WANG Zhi-qiang, LI Yan-he

2022, 61(6):  27-32.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.006

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The dilution coating plate method was used to analyze the quantitative changes and species identification of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the substrate sludge of the rice fields with snails breeding after applying biological fertilizer. The results showed that the number of the three types of microorganisms in the substrate sludge increased after the application of biological fertilizer, and all reached the maximum after the first top dressing. With the application of fertilizer once every half month, the number of microorganisms decreased and remained stable. The microbial identification results showed that the bacteria came from Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and fungi included 1 genus as Aspergillus.

Prediction and multi-scenario simulation analysis of the temporal and spatial evolution of ecosystem carbon storage in Nanjing based on LUCC

GUO Tian, WANG Zhi-yu

2022, 61(6):  33-40.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.007

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Using the carbon module in the Markov-Flus model and the InVEST model, the changes and spatial distribution of carbon storage were simulated and predicted in Nanjing in 2030 based on a multi-scenario perspective. The results showed that the main trend of land use change in Nanjing from 2010 to 2015 was the conversion of forest land to cultivated land; The main trend of land use conversion was from ecological function land to construction land from 2015 to 2018. The spatial distribution of carbon stocks in Nanjing was heterogeneous, with the overall performance being high on the north and south sides and low in the middle. Cultivated land was the main land type for the distribution of carbon storage. Comparing the results of multi-scenario simulations, the overall carbon storage under the ecological increase scenario was 0.40×10⁶ t more than the natural development scenario, and the carbon storage of the ecological land around towns had increased significantly; The overall carbon storage under the cultivated land increase scenario was higher than the natural development scenario. The scenario increased by 0.61×10⁶ t, and carbon storage in all regions except urban areas would increase. It was predicted that the carbon storage of Nanjing would further decline in the future, and the combination of cultivated land protection and ecological protection could effectively increase the carbon storage of the regional terrestrial ecosystem.

Measurement of the relationship between water quality and economic development in the Yangtze river economic belt from the perspective of grey water footprint

LU Xian-zhi, CHE Li

2022, 61(6):  41-47.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.008

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Based on the theory of water footprint, the interactive relationship between water pollution and economic growth were explored in the Yangtze river economic belt from the perspective of water environmental pollution （grey water footprint）, and used the decoupling model to further study the decoupling relationship between economic development and gray water footprint in the Yangtze river economic belt. The total gray water footprint and structural change characteristics were calculated and analyzed of the Yangtze river economic belt from 2001 to 2015, the water resources pressure of each province and city in the Yangtze river economic belt was comprehensively evaluated, the water pollution situation of each province was analyzed by industry. The study found that the total gray water footprint of the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed a fluctuating downward trend, and the decoupling relationship between the gray water footprint and GDP growth showed a transition from weak decoupling to strong decoupling, which indicated that the coordination degree of water environment and economic and social development in the region was significantly enhanced. However, the agricultural grey water footprint was still weakly decoupled in Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces and cities. Therefore, it was necessary to further strengthen the prevention and control of agricultural water pollution in this area in the future to achieve coordinated and sound development among industries.

Evaluation of population and economic carrying capacity based on ecological footprint： A case of Changzhou city

PAN Yu-qi, LI Man-chun, JIANG Peng-hui, CHEN Deng-shuai

2022, 61(6):  48-55.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.009

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Taking Changzhou city as an example, the population and economic bearing scale prediction were explored based on the ecological footprint model. The results showed that the per capita ecological footprint of Changzhou city increased from 2.970 7 hm² in 2009 to 3.994 1 hm² in 2014, with an average annual growth rate of 6.10%. The ecological footprint was mainly agricultural land, fossil energy land and water area, and the smallest was forest land. The per capita ecological carrying capacity of Changzhou city basically showed a downward trend from 2009 （0.304 0 hm²） to 2014 （0.290 8 hm²）, with an average annual change rate of -0.73%. Agricultural land （more than 55.32%） and construction land （more than 37.18%） contributed to the main ecological carrying capacity, and their proportion in the total ecological carrying capacity increased from 94.33% in 2009 to 94.64% in 2014. Water and fossil energy land supply was insufficient, and the area of forest land for development and utilization was not large. From 2009 to 2014, the per capita ecological deficit showed an obvious increasing trend, and the increasing trend of ecological pressure was basically consistent with the per capita ecological deficit. The percapita ecological deficit was 3.738 2 hm² in 2014, and the ecological pressure index was 12.855 1. The main ecological deficit was caused by agricultural land and fossil energy land, while construction land was the main source of ecological surplus. In general, the land demand of Changzhou city exceeds the scope of ecological carrying capacity, so it was necessary to further adjust the land use structure and optimize the spatial pattern of land.

Analysis of drought evolution characteristics in Anhui province from 1961 to 2019 based on SPI

XIONG Shi-wei, QIU Yang-yang, YU Ling-hua, JIANG Lin, HUA Jun-wei, LING Zun-bin

2022, 61(6):  56-60.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.010

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In order to analyze the applicability of standardized precipitation index（SPI） in drought monitoring and evaluation in Anhui province, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of drought in 1961—2019 were analyzed based on SPI from three aspects： Drought frequency, station to station ratio and drought intensity. The results showed that the drought frequency in all regions of Anhui province was generally higher in the south than in the north, and the average frequency of light drought, medium drought and heavy drought was 31.7%, 15.7% and 6.1%, respectively; Since 1961, the average station to station ratio of light drought in Anhui province had been as high as 31.7%. There had been 15 years of global drought. 1978 was the year with the widest drought area, with 18 times of global spring drought, 14 times of global summer drought, 17 times of global autumn drought and 16 times of global winter drought; Since 1961, the drought in Anhui province had been mainly from light drought to medium drought, with a weak downward trend and the strongest year. The drought intensity of each season was summer drought > autumn drought, spring drought > winter drought in 1978. Spring drought in 2011, summer drought in 1978, autumn drought in 2019 and winter drought in 1968 were the strongest years of each season drought since 1961. SPI can be used to evaluate the drought in Anhui province.

Plant Protection

Simulation of the competition between Spodoptera frugiperda and Mythimna separata indoors

CHANG Xiang-qian, LYU Liang, XU Dong, WAN Peng, ZHANG Shu, SU Hai-yan

2022, 61(6):  61-65.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.011

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The objective was to study the competitive behaviors of larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda and Mythimna separata with different initial newly hatched larvae population densities （50 Spodoptera frugiperda+50 Mythimna separata; 25 Spodoptera frugiperda+50 Mythimna separata; 10 Spodoptera frugiperda+50 Mythimna separata） when they appeared simultaneously on the same plant, and analyzed the causes of the competitive behavior. When 50 newly hatched larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda and Mythimna separata were transferred to the wheat seedlings at the same time, the larvae survival rate of Mythimna separata was 0 after mixing 13 days, while that of Spodoptera frugiperda was 51.0%. The survival rate of Mythimna separata in the other two treatments gradually increased after mixing 13 days with the decrease of the proportion of Spodoptera frugiperda in the initial mixed population, and the two groups reached coexistence finally. When 50 newly hatched larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda and Mythimna separata were transferred to the maize seedlings at the same time, the larvae survival rate of Mythimna separata was 0 after mixing 10 days, while that of Spodoptera frugiperda was 81.0%. Mythimna separata could not complete the larval period after mixing 13 days in the other two treatments with the decrease of the proportion of Spodoptera frugiperda in the initial mixed population, and the two groups couldn't reach coexistence finally. Spodoptera frugiperda had a significant competition advantage when they were in same ecological niche. Whether the host was wheat or maize, the daily survival rate of Mythimna separata in the mixed population was usually lower than that of Spodoptera frugiperda and Mythimna separata raised alone, or even Mythimna separata couldn't complete the larval development, resulting in the very possible displacement by Spodoptera frugiperda.

Effects of oxytetracycline hydrochloride on the transaminase activity of Cicadella viridis

LIAN Qi-xian, LIU Jian-feng, YANG Mao-fa, WU Guang, ZHOU Xiao-yun, LUO Ting

2022, 61(6):  66-68.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.012

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The activities of three transaminases （alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and glutamine synthetase） were analyzed after 5, 15 d and adult stage when one-day old nymph of Cicadella viridis was treated by oxytetracycline hydrochloride. The results showed that the activities of three transaminases increased significantly after 5 d after treated with oxytetracycline hydrochloride. The activities of glutamine synthetase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased significantly after 5 d, but the activity of alanine aminotransferase increased significantly. Three transaminases of glutamine synthetase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in Cicadella viridis male and glutamine synthetase andaspartate aminotransferase in female were significantly reduced, but the activity of alanine aminotransferase in female did not change significantly.

Influences of Diplachne fusca （L.） Beauv. on growth and yield traits of rice and its eco-economic threshold

YUAN Shu-zhong, CHEN Yong-rui, XIA Zhi-ming, CAI Jing-xuan, CHEN Yue-yang, DENG Wei

2022, 61(6):  69-75.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.013

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To determine the damage characteristics of sprangletop[Diplachne fusca（L.） Beauv.] on paddy rice, the influence of sprangletop sensitive or resistant populations on the growth and development of rice was measured with weed-crop competition experiment. The results showed that Diplachne fuscahad a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of rice, and the number of tillers decreased with the increase of Diplachne fusca density, and the longer the time, the greater the effect was. The rice spike length, effective spike number, seed rate, 1 000 grain weight and yield decreased with the increase of Diplachne fusca density. The relationship between sensitive population density and effective spike number was better fitted by exponential function model, and the quadratic curve was better model on resistant population. The quadratic curve model was better described between the two populations and spike length, seed rate, 1 000 grain weight and yield, respectively. The power function model was better to describe the loss of rice yield caused by Diplachne fusca, in while y = 2.091 7x^{0.607 0} for sensitive population and y = 2.238 7x^{0.562 5} for resistant population. When 10% metamifop emulsifiable concentrate was applied to control sensitive and resistant populations of Diplachne fusca at the same weeding cost in paddy field, the economic infestation levels （EIL） were 2.24%~2.91% and 2.63%~3.42%, respectively. The eco-economic threshold （1.12~1.72 plants/m²） of sensitivity was lower than that （1.33~2.13 plants/m²） of resistant population.

Horticulture & Local Products

Effect of UV-B supplementation on physiological characteristics and growth of tobacco seedlings

HUANG Yong, XIA Peng-liang, TANG Yun, XIE Xiao-fei, REN Xiao-hong, WU Cheng-lin, LI Zhan-jie, DING Cai-fu, WANG Rui

2022, 61(6):  76-79.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.014

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Taking Yunyan 87 as material, the physiological indexes, growth condition and economic indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves were detected after artificially adding different time and intensity UV-B at seedling stage. The results showed that short-term UV-B irradiation （1.20 W/m², 1 h per day） significantly increased the root activity of tobacco seedlings, and significantly increased the SOD, POD and PPO activities. It was beneficial to the tobacco seedlings and the yield and quality of cured tobacco of UV-B irradiation at continuous and uniform and low-intensity level（1.20 W/m²、1 hour per day,10 hours in total）. Therefor, it is beneficial to supplement appropriate amount of UV-B in flue-cured tobacco facilities for seedling raising.

Breeding of a new baby cabbage（Brassica pekinensis） variety Minihuang No.5

XU Xue-zhong, HU Jing-feng, YANG Hong-li, ZHANG Li-qin, LAN Mei, HE Jiang-ming

2022, 61(6):  80-82.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.015

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Minihuang No.5 is a new baby Chinese cabbage（Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis） F₁ hybrid, which was developed with male sterile line CCR11268（BC₉ generation） as female parent and self incompatible line CM12081 as male parent. Its growing period is 75~90 days. The plant has strong growth vigor and compact type. Its outer leaves are dark green in color,and inner leaves are golden yellow in color. The plant is 31.2 cm in height and 54 cm in width. Its head is 22 cm in height and 10.5~11.3 cm in diameter. The spherical indes is 1.9, and net-head rate is 69.5%. Its net vegetable yield is abou 72 757.5 kg/hm². The soluble sugar content is 2.31% and VC content is 221 mg/kg. It has the characteristics of strong bolting resistance, higt yield, high stability and excellent quality. It is suitable for planting in Yunnan province and similar ecological areas.

Study on the response of three wetland plants to salt stress

XU Yang-fan, FENG Li-hui, CHEN Wen-feng, LIU Jian-tong, WU Chen-xi, HU Hong-juan

2022, 61(6):  83-87.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.016

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To ascertain the physiological and ecological response of salt stress to plants in coastal wetlands, three typical wetland plants, Iris pseudacorus L., Canna indica, and Pontederia cordata L.were used as experimental materials to study the tolerance of these three plants under different salinities （0.5‰、1.0‰、1.5‰、3.0‰） through hydroponic experiments. During the hydroponic treatment, the growth and physiological indexes of the plants were measured every 7 days. The results showed that,under salt stress, the growth of root system, leaf width and plant growth of Iris pseudacorus L., Canna indica, and Pontederia cordata L. showed an overall upward trend. When the salt stress concentration and stress time increase, the growth of the three plants will be inhibited in different ways; The change of MDA content except for Pontederia cordata L. and Iris pseudacorus L. cultivated under the stress of 1‰ NaCl, showed a trend from decline to rise. Canna indica and other treatments of Iris pseudacorus L. showed a trend of first increase and then decrease. The CAT of Iris pseudacorus L., Canna indica, and Pontederia cordata L. all showed a trend of first increase and then decrease. The results of this study showed that the salt tolerance of the three wetland plants was Canna indica>Iris pseudacorus L.>Pontederia cordata L..

Study on the cultivation technology of early maturing peach double cropping a year

CHENG Li-hua, YIN Chuan-wei, XU Jia-hua, LUO Shi-yong, LIU Cui-yun

2022, 61(6):  88-90.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.017

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Using greenhouse facilities to promote and delay cultivation of early maturing variety Chunxue peach can achieve fruit ripening in spring and winter of one year. By changing the environmental conditions in the facility, peach trees were created to sprout, blossom, new shoot growth and flower bud differentiation twice in a year's growth process, so that the fruit matured in the early May and mid-late December of the off-season of peach market, respectively. The total output of two crops per hectare was 36 669.3 kg annually, and the output value per hectare reached more than CNY 110 million. Through this cultivation technology measures, fully tap and maximize the effect of peach cultivation facilities.

Screening of exogenous plant growth regulators affecting tobacco seed yield

ZHANG Jun-jie, LI Ya-pei, WU Cheng-lin, CHENG Jun-qi, CAO Jing-lin

2022, 61(6):  91-95.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.018

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Taking Yunyan 87 as experimental material, the growth of axillary buds, the total number of flowers, the seed yield and the number of single fruit grains were investigated after applying different concentrations and different types of exogenous plant growth regulators, to select a kind of plant growth regulator which can promote tobacco flower bud differentiation, increase the total number of flowering, and then improve the seed yield and the suitable application concentration. The results showed that the application of polyamine （Spd, Put, Spm, Cad）, vitamin E, 6-BA and so on could increase the number of tobacco flowering obviously. Among them, 10 mg/L Spd and 10 mg/L Put had the better effect, which increased by 44.21% and 37.65%, respectively. Put, Spm, Cad, vitamin E and so on could increase the yield of tobacco seed obviously. Among them, 30 mg/L Put and 30 mg/L Spm had the best effect, which increased by 136.47% and 81.18%,respectively compared with the control. Application of 30 mg/L Put and 200 mg/L 6-BA significantly increased the number of single fruit grains by 9.93% and 4.02%, respectively, and application of 50 mg/L Put and 100 mg/L Spd significantly increased the 1 000-grain weight of tobacco seeds, it increased by 9.52% and 9.90%,respectively. The application of GA₃ and NAA did not increase the number of flowers, seed yield and seed number per fruit.

Study on plant species and floristic characteristics of wetland in Dazu district park of Chongqing city

WU Song-cheng, YANG Fu-ying, CHEN Shuang

2022, 61(6):  96-100.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.019

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There are 22 families, 35 genera, 53 species （including infraspecific taxon and cultivated plant） in Dazu district park of Chongqing city after investigation. Among them,they include 2 species of pteridophyte belonging to 2 genera and 2 families, 2 species of gymnosperm belonging to 2 genera and 1 families, and 49 species of angiosperm belonging to 31 genera and 19 families. Based on the analysis of compositions and the geographical elements and characteristics of the flora, the results show that angiosperms are rich in species, which is about 92.45% of the total species of plants in Dazu district park;The monotypic or ligotypic families are much abundant in the its flora;In terms of life form composition, the emergent plants are rich in species;In terms of floristic elements, the floristic composition of families and genera has obvious tropical floristic characteristics, and the world distribution types also account for a large proportion.

Study on plant planning model and ecological restoration in beach area of lower Yellow river： Taking the beach area of Xinxiang plain demonstration zone as an example

WANG Han, WU Shuang, WANG Peng-fei

2022, 61(6):  101-111.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.020

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Taking the Yellow river beach area of Xinxiang plain demonstration zone as an example, according to the idea of ‘integrated management and protection of mountains, rivers, forests, fields and lakes', this paper analyzes the current situation of the lower Yellow river beach area, analyzes the existing ecological problems, and puts forward the principles of plant planning in the lower Yellow river beach area. According to the management concept of three flood beaches, the zoning plant planning of high flood beaches, the low flood beaches and the newly formed flood beaches is carried out, and the vegetation landscape restoration strategies of the low flood beaches and the newly formed flood beaches are given, and the ecological management methods of the lower reaches of the Yellow River are explored from the perspective of plants.

Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

Prokaryotic expression of mouse IL-1β and preliminary study on its differential expression in Brucella infection

YANG Xin, ZOU De-ying, ZHANG Kai, CHANG Jiang, CHANG Heng-zhen, ZHAN Jun-peng, GUO Xun, LIU Yi-xin, CHENG Meng-yan, HAN Cheng, HU Pan, LU Shi-ying, LI Yan-song, LIU Zeng-shan, REN Hong-lin

2022, 61(6):  112-116.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.021

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To explore the expression of IL-1β during the infection of host cells by Brucella, the prokaryotic expression of IL-1β in mouse was constructed, polyclonal antibodies was obtained by immunization, and its activity was detected by ELISA and Western blot. The 1∶100 （bacterial∶cell） multiplicity of infection was then used to model the infection of RAW264.7 macrophages by Brucella suis S2. Expression of IL-1β mRNA and MyD88 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR; IL-1β protein was analyzed by Western blot. The molecular weight of the recombinant protein was about 31 ku. And the titer of the polyclonal antibody prepared by ELISA was 1∶25 600, with good immunoreactivity and specificity. The expression of IL-1β mRNA and IL-1β protein increased after infection. And the number of intracellular bacteria decreased. The expression of IL-1β in macrophages infected with Brucella suis S2 varied over time and affected the intracellular bacteria。

Study on selective planting of forage under texas based on chemical sense to Jatropha curcas Linn

ZHU Jun-li, LI Yu-chuan

2022, 61(6):  117-121.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.022

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The briquette of the leaf leaves, the outer fruit housing, the outer fruit shell were selected, and the three pioneers, ryegrass and purple granules weresubmitted to the three pioneers, the three pioneers of the Avena sativa L,Lolium perenne L and the Medicago sativa. The growth was significantly better than the Medicago sativa and Lolium perenne L, and the root length inhibition rate was 74.47% at 0.40 mg/mL treatment, which was significantly lower than the root length inhibition rate of purple was 78.16%.

Storage & Processing

Effects of matcha on dough fermentation, sensory quality and antioxidant activity of steamed bread

ZHU Xin-peng, CHENG Zhu-lin, LI Dong-hua

2022, 61(6):  122-126.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.023

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The effects of different amounts of matcha on the dough fermentation gas production, dough volume increasing speed, sensory quality and antioxidant activity of steamed bread were studied. The results showed that the addition of matcha could affect the fermentation of yeast, reduce the fermentation volume of steamed bread dough, decrease the increase rate of dough volume, and prolong the fermentation time; With the increase of matcha addition, the specific volume, appearance shape, structure, elasticity, taste and other sensory quality of steamed bread decreased significantly （P < 0.05）; When the addition of matcha was 1.5%~6.0%, the flavor and color of steamed bread were significantly improved （P < 0.05）;With the increase of matcha addition, the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, hydroxyl free radical scavenging capacity and total reducing capacity of steamed bread increased. Therefore, matcha can affect the dough fermentation, sensory quality and antioxidant activity of steamed bread,the amount of matcha in steamed bread is suitable for within 6.0%.

Study on the supercritical extraction process of star anise essential oil

LI Zhen, HOU Dang-she, ZHANG Juan, REN Xiao-sai

2022, 61(6):  127-130.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.024

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Star anise essential oil by supercritical CO₂ was extracted, and the process was optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology. The optimized process conditions were the extraction temperature of 37 ℃, the extraction pressure of 17 MPa, the CO₂ flow of 25 L/h, and the extraction time of 95 min. Under these conditions, the average yield of star anise essential oil was 9.1%. Through the verification test, the response surface methodology is suitable for the process study of supercritical CO₂ extraction of star anise essential oil, which effectively reduces the number and cost of tests.

Detection Analysis

Thin layer identification and content determination of Antenoron filiforme （Thunb.） Roberty et Vantier

LI Shan, QIN Zi-long, LU Mei-yuan, MA Xiu-mei, ZENG Hai-sheng

2022, 61(6):  131-133.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.025

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Using thin layer chromatography （TLC）, using toluene： ethyl acetate： formic acid （10∶3∶1.5） as the developing agent, unfold, dry, spray 3% aluminum trichloride-ethanol solution, dry, and set the UV lamp （360 nm） view. Using high performance liquid chromatography, the column Eclipse XDB-C₁₈ （250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）, 10 μL injection, acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase, gradient elution, flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the temperature was 30 ℃, and the detection wavelength was 360 nm, establishing the thin-layer identification method and content determination method of Antenoron filiforme. Results showed that thin layer identification of Antenoron filiforme, spot cleaning, good separation, can effectively identify Antenoron filiforme. This method completed the analysis of the three flavonoid components within 30 minutes, and each component reached a baseline separation. The linear ranges of rutin, quercetin and kaempferol were 2.12~100.80 μg/mL（r=0.999 4）, 25.50~758.86 μg/mL（r=0.999 8）, 2.62~250.48 μg/mL （r=0.999 5）, respectively. The average recovery rates （n=6） were 98.42%, 101.21%, and 97.92%, respectively.

Comparison of nutrient composition of wild and farmed Paramisgurnus dabryanus

ZHOU Mei-yu, LI Da, LI An-dong, HAN Cai-an, HUANG Gen-yong, LIU Wan-meng

2022, 61(6):  134-138.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.026

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The nutrient compositions of wild and farmed P. dabryanus were analyzed. The results showed that the water content, ash, crude fat and crude protein of wild P. dabryanus were 77.30%, 1.30%, 1.10% and 18.10%, respectively, and those of farmed P. dabryanus were 71.80%, 1.10%, 5.30% and 17.20%, respectively. The total of 18 amino acids was 17.40% in wild individuals and 15.50% in farmed individuals. In which, Tryptophan, Phenylalanine and Glycine in farmed individuals were slightly higher than those in wild individuals, and the other 15 amino acids were higher in wild individuals. The contents of essential amino acids for human and the delicious amino acids in wild individuals were 8.03% and 6.47% respectively, higher than those in farmed individuals which were 6.84% and 6.02%. The unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 67.13% and 77.39% of the total fatty acids in wild and farmed P. dabryanus, in which the polyunsaturated fatty acids in wild and farmed P. dabryanus were 27.39% and 41.65%, the DHA+EPA accounted for 4.20% and 1.59% of the total fatty acids respectively.

Analysis of the influence of biological toxic substances in the degradation of fumaric acid wastewater

ZHAO Peng-fei, WANG Hua-jun, ZHANG Xiong

2022, 61(6):  139-142.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.027

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The combined process “three-dimensional electrochemical-A/O” was used to treat simulated and actual fumaric acid wastewater, and the effect of biologically toxic substance thiourea on the degradation process was investigated. The results showed that under the optimized parameters, the COD, ammonia nitrogen, and thiourea of ​​the two wastewater effluents met the first-level standard of the “Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard”, but the degradation rate of the actual wastewater in the three stages of “three-dimensional electrochemistry + anaerobic + aerobic” was lower than simulated wastewater; Along the way, the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum showed that after three-dimensional electrochemical treatment, the fluorescence intensity of simulated wastewater peak C （Ex/Em=250~400/380~500 nm） was enhanced, and the fluorescence of actual wastewater peak C was almost unchanged; The intensity of IC anaerobic effluent actual wastewater peak C was equivalent to that of simulated wastewater, and both fulvic acid-like peak D （Ex/Em=200~250/380~500 nm） and tyrosine-like aromatic protein peak E （Ex/Em=200~250/200~330 nm）, soluble microbial organic matter peak B （Ex/Em=250~280/200~380 nm） and tryptophan-like aromatic protein peak A （Ex/Em=200~250/330~380 nm） and other organic matter were derived; The actual wastewater of the oxygen effluent contained a certain intensity peak B, while the simulated wastewater peak B basically disappeared. “Three-dimensional electrochemistry-A/O” had the potential to treat fumaric acid wastewater, and the EC₅₀ calculated by the activated sludge respiration inhibition rate model was 127.73 mg/L, which was much higher than the concentration of thiourea in the effluent （46.52 mg/L）.

Information Engineering

An operational system for the fine evaluation of farmland soil moisture in Xuzhou city

XUE Dan, ZHANG Ren-zu, HU Shen-shen, LI Jing-yi, JIA Hong, ZHANG Li-hua, CHEN Geng, CAO Meng-yao

2022, 61(6):  143-147.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.028

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Farmland soil moisture was a key factor affecting agricultural production. In order to solve the problems of few monitoring points, poor monitoring timeliness and difficult regional distribution evaluation of farmland soil moisture, an operational system for the fine evaluation of farmland soil moisture in Xuzhou was established. This system was established based on the CLDAS soil moisture analysis product using Python programming language. The system was easy to operate, can realize the comprehensive, accurate, rapid and rolling monitoring of farmland soil moisture, and met the requirements of large-scale regional evaluation and small-scale fine evaluation of farmland soil moisture.

Study on microcracks propagation characteristics of granite under high temperature

FENG Xue-wei

2022, 61(6):  148-152.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.029

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In order to investigate the high-temperature failure mechanism of granite, the mineral composition and microstructure of granite samples were observed by electron microscope, and the ultra-high-temperature heating instrument equipped on the optical microscope has been developed. The initiation and propagation of thermally induced cracks in granite under the influence of temperature and mineral composition during the gradient temperature rise from 20 to 900 ℃ were observed in-situ, so as to reveal the mechanism of mechanical properties decline of granite. The results showed that the thermally induced cracks of granite were mainly generated during the heating process. The geometric boundary of the mineral was the main weak surface where the microcracks were generated and expanded. At high temperature, the microcracks were generated and continuously expanded along the mineral boundary. Therefore, the heterogeneity of granite materials, including mineral composition and microstructure, had great influence on the mechanical properties under high temperature. Before 500 ℃, a few microcracks were appeared in granite. During 500~600 ℃, the fracture process of granite was obviously intensified, and the granite fracture networks were produced. With the increase of temperature, the crack growth rate was significantly slowed down. The formation of fracture network was the main reason for the significant decline of macroscopic mechanical properties of granite between 500 and 600 ℃.

Biological Engineering

Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of dopachrome tautomerase gene from Auricularia auricula

WANG Guo-hong, LI Dan-lin, ZHU Bo-run, MA Huai-liang, MU Yan, LYU Feng-xia, JIANG Ming

2022, 61(6):  153-156.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.030

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Using the strain Mn150 of Auricularia auricula as test material,specific primer were designed to clone the dopachrome tautomerase gene. Bioinformatics analysis of the gene showed that the dopachrome tautomerase gene sequence length was 355 bp, encoding 112 amino acids, the molecular weight was 13.05 kDa, and the molecular formula was C₅₈₄H₉₂₁N₁₈₁O₁₅₃S₄, the isoelectric point was 10.35, which was a hydrophilic protein. The amino acid sequence of this protein contained a 4-Oxalocrotonate Tautomerase Superfamily conservative domain,no signal peptide, no transmembrane structure,made up of 20.54% α helix, 5.36% β ture, 54.46% random coil and 19.64% extended strand. These results can provide a foundation for further study on the function of dopachrome tautomerase gene in Auricularia auriculata.

Bioinformatics and diversity analysis of matK gene of Lindera aggregate

YUAN Li-xia, WANG Fu-rong, LIU Shu, SUN Yan, LOU Tian-ling

2022, 61(6):  157-160.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.031

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Taking chloroplast matK gene of Lindera aggregate（Sims）Kosterm as a research object. This paper analyzed the sequence characteristics of matK encoded protein and the phylogenetic trees of 11 species of Lindera were constructed. The results showed that the full length of matK gene was 1 628 bp, and contained 14 open reading frames （ORFs）; The hydrophilic index was -0.200, which belonged to hydrophilic protein; It was closely related to Lindera obtusiloba and Lindera thomsonii, and farthest to Lindera glauca. This study provides a basis for the identification, classification and diversity of Lindera aggregate.

Economy & Management

Research on the efficiency of township health and medical resources allocation in China based on DEA-Malmquist model

LI Xu, WANG Bao-hai

2022, 61(6):  161-164.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.032

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DEA and Malmquist index were used to analyze the static and dynamic aspects of township health and medical resources allocation in 29 provinces （municipalities） of China. The results showed that the efficiency of township health and medical resources allocation showed a fluctuating trend from 2010 to 2018. The resources allocation efficiency of central and western regions was significantly lower than that of eastern regions. There were obvious regional differences in the allocation of township health and medical resources in China. Therefore, the government should integrate regional medical resources, promote township health and medical technology innovation, increase the investment of health and medical resources in central and western regions, and promote the rational allocation of township health and medical resources in China.

Analysis of the competitiveness and complementarity of aquatic products trade between China and countries along “the Belt and Road”

XU Jin-meng, WANG Zhao-hua

2022, 61(6):  165-170.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.033

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The representative countries along “the Belt and Road” that had close trade relations with China in aquatic products were selected to conduct the comparative analysis by using RCA index, TCI index and GL index. The results showed that the aquatic products trade between China and countries along “the Belt and Road” had developed rapidly. Bilateral countries had different trade advantages, and cooperation mechanisms should be established in light of local conditions; The TCI index of China as an exporter of aquatic products was higher than that of China as an importer of aquatic products, there was a great cooperation potential for both sides. The bilateral trade of aquatic products showed a high degree of concentration,mainly the inter-industry trade, but the potential of cooperation with other regions still need to be developed. Finally, targeted countermeasures and suggestions were put forward, in order to help the development of aquatic products trade between China and countries along the “Belt and Road”.

Research on the coupling coordinated development of tourism, urbanization and ecological environment in Shandong province

WEN Li-qin, YAO Jia-hao

2022, 61(6):  171-176.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.034

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Taking Shandong province as the research area, the comprehensive evaluation index system of tourism, urbanization and ecological environment in Shandong province was constructed, and the comprehensive development index, coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of tourism development, urbanization level and ecological environment quality in Shandong province from 2009 to 2019 were calculated by using range standardization, entropy method and coupling coordination degree. The results showed that, from 2009 to 2019, the comprehensive development level of tourism, urbanization and ecological environment in Shandong province continued to rise; The level of urbanization was higher than that of tourism and ecological environment; The coupling degree and coordination degree of the system were relatively low, showing a state of imbalance. In the future, while vigorously improving the level of urbanization and developing tourism, Shandong province should pay more attention to the protection of ecological environment and realize the coordinated development of tourism, urbanization and ecological environment.

Research on the influencing factors of online sales of the agricultural products based on the principal component analysis

WANG Han, WANG Hui

2022, 61(6):  177-182.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.035

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Using the principal component analysis, the 12 restrictive factors affecting the online sales of agricultural products were classified into 4 categories. According to the degree of influence from strong to weak, these four types of factors were trading partner factor, trading subject factor, trading platform factor and trading environment factor. In view of these restrictive factors, a series of solutions were put forward from the aspects of improving the quality of trading objects, strengthening the cultivation of trading subjects, optimizing the trading platform construction and trading environment,in order to promote online sales of agricultural products and the development of rural e-commerce.

Research on the construction of performance evaluation index system of rural “toilet revolution” based on BSC

LYU An-li

2022, 61(6):  183-187.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.036

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Rural “toilet revolution” is an important part of rural human settlement environment which the central government has repeatedly emphasized in recent years. Using the balanced score card（BSC） as a performance evaluation tool in the performance appraisal of rural “toilet revolution”,the value from three aspects of health benefits,economic benefits and social benefits was analyzed. According to the practice of rural “toilet revolution”,the performance evaluation index system was constructed from the four aspects of customers, finance, internal operations and learning and growth. Following this path,it's hoped that the breakthrough point of grassroots work can be found and the development of rural “toilet revolution” will be promoted, opening up a new phase of rural environment governance.

Study on measurement and influencing factors of rural industries integration development level in the Yellow river basin

WANG Xiang-hua, YANG Meng-jia

2022, 61(6):  188-194.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.037

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Based on the connotation of industrial integration, taking the Yellow river basin as an example, the index system of integration of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries was constructed from five levels of rural industrial chain extension, agricultural multi-function expansion, rural service industry, economic benefit and social benefit. The entropy method was used to measure the level and spatial difference characteristics of rural industrial integration in the Yellow river basin. Panel data from 2012 to 2019 were collected to test the influencing factors of rural industrial integration level using dynamic GMM model. The results showed that the level of rural industrial integration in the Yellow river basin had been rising steadily year by year from 2012 to 2019, and the development trend was good. The development level of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow river basin were higher than that of the upper reaches of the Yellow river basin, and there was an obvious spatial difference. Residents' consumption demand, rural land transfer and rural environmental quality had a significant positive effect on the integration level of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in the Yellow river basin, while rural manpower, technology, infrastructure construction and financial support need further development space. Therefore, some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for rural industrial integration.

Research on the influence of online reviews of fresh agricultural products on consumers'purchase decision

XU Wei-qi, ZHANG Jie

2022, 61(6):  195-200.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.038

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The quality, form, quantity, valence of online reviews of fresh agricultural products and the credibility of reviewers were taken as independent variables, consumer' perceived risk and perceived usefulness were introduced as intermediary variables to explore the impact of these factors on consumer' purchase decision. The results showed that the quality, valence and form of online reviews of fresh agricultural products significantly affected the perceived risk; The quality, valence and form of online reviews of fresh agricultural products and the credibility of reviewers significantly affected the perceived usefulness; The perceived risk and perceived usefulness significantly affected the purchase decisions; In addition, the quality of online reviews of fresh agricultural products had a significant direct impact on the purchase decisions.

Research on the evaluation of agricultural green development level in Shaanxi province

LU Dong-ning, ZHANG Yu

2022, 61(6):  201-206.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.039

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The index evaluation system of agricultural green development level in Shaanxi province was constructed from five dimensions of resource comprehensive utilization, resource reduction investment, ecological protection capacity, green supply capacity and economic benefit level. The agricultural data from 2012 to 2021 were selected and the entropy method was used to evaluate the agricultural green development level in Shaanxi province. The results showed that the overall level of agricultural green development in Shaanxi province showed an upward trend in recent ten years; Green supply capacity, economic benefit level and ecological protection capacity contributed greatly to its green development; The resource comprehensive utilization and resource reduction investment need to be improved. In order to improve the level of agricultural green development in Shaanxi province, the proposal should focus on improving agricultural infrastructure, controlling agricultural non-point source pollution, accelerating agricultural technology innovation and “three products and one standard”.

Development process and experience enlightenment of Guangxi modern agricultural park

NING Xia, LI Xiao-hong, HUANG Yan-fang, RONG Jian-bo, KONG Ling-zi

2022, 61(6):  207-211.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.040

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By the means of literature induction and experience summary, the development process of Guangxi modern agricultural park was sorted out, and the development experience and enlightenment of each stage were summarized. Based on the development process of national modern agricultural parks and the reality of Guangxi, considered the factors of key parks, such as the completion and opening up, policies and measures, the number of parks and operation mechanism. It included the stage of initial exploration （1994—2000）, the stage of normative development （2001—2009） and the stage of maturity improvement （2010 and later）. Through the analysis and summary, it was concluded that the government attaches great importance to high, wide source of funds, strong talent organization, strong technological support, coordinated development of Guangxi modern agricultural park development experience and enlightenment.

Corn trade problems and countermeasures from the perspective of food security

QU Hong-ying, LI Jun

2022, 61(6):  212-216.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.041

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This paper systematically discussed the important significance of corn trade to effectively balance domestic corn supply and demand, stabilized corn price and guarantee food security. On the basis of analyzing the general situation of China's corn trade, this paper put forward some policy suggestions on optimizing corn trade and promoting food security from expanding the scale of corn trade, optimizing the structure of corn import source countries and promoting international cooperation in corn planting and processing.

Rural Revitalization

Difficulties and improvement measures of accurate supply of rural public cultural services——Take Y township, Jinzhong city, Shanxi province as an example

WANG Wan-rao, LI Jing

2022, 61(6):  217-221.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.042

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The construction of rural culture is the internal power to promote rural revitalization, and the accurate supply of rural public cultural services was the only way to realize the prosperity of rural culture. At present, the precise supply of rural public cultural services mainly exists in the government's limited ability to provide rural public cultural services, the lack of autonomy of social forces to participate in rural public cultural services, and the imperfect mechanism of villagers to express public cultural needs. To achieve the accurate supply of rural public cultural services and meet the growing cultural needs of villagers, it was necessary to optimize the ability of government resources allocation in rural public cultural services, improve the effective mechanism for social forces to participate in rural public cultural services, and innovate the platform for villagers to express their public cultural needs.

Thinking on the development of rural financial institutions under the background of rural revitalization

LI Xiao-fei

2022, 61(6):  222-224.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.06.043

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Taking the development of rural financial institutions under the background of rural revitalization as the core of the research, the development opportunities and challenges of rural financial institutions were analyzed, some countermeasures of promoting the development of rural financial institutions were put forword, actively promoted the reform of rural financial institutions, in order to provide higher quality rural financial services for rural areas.