HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Research status on green manure based on the discipline knowledge graph

LI Yu-xiang, ZHONG Ju-xin, WANG Lei, JIANG Yun-wei, BIN Huan-jun, LU Bing-qiang, MO Yong-cheng, LI Zhong-yi

2022, 61(5): 5-6. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.001

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In order to provided theoretical reference for researchers to track domestic and international research frontiers, grasp the research direction, the foreign literature of green manure from 1985 to 2020 were visually analyzed based on Web of Science database.Using the bibliometric method, combined with CiteSpace and VOSviewer visual analysis technology, the knowledge graph of green manure research subjects was drawn. The results showed that the number of papers on the theme of green manure was on the rise, and the international journal with the most research papers on green manure was Agronomy journal, followed by Plant and soil and Indian journal of agricultural sciences. From the network of discipline co-occurrence, agronomy had the highest frequency of publications and the strongest influence, while environmental science had the most extensive coverage. In terms of research countries, the United States had published the most papers, followed by India, Brazil, and China. In terms of research institutions, USDA Agricultural Research Institute has published the most papers, followed by the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In terms of research authors, Researcher Wei-dong Cao of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences was the scholar with the most research papers in the field of green manure research and had formed a green manure research team, followed by the Ladha team in the Philippines and the Neto team in Brazil. In terms of research hotspots, green manure research focused on the fields of green manure cultivation management, improving soil fertility, nitrogen utilization, carbon emission. In particular, the team of Wei-dong Cao from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences had made remarkable achievements in improving soil fertility, nutrient utilization, carbon emission in rice fields with the green manure of Astragalus vulgaris and had a strong international influence.

Analysis of chemical fertilizer amount and their contribution to agricultural output in different cities of Jiangxi province

LIU Kai-lou, WAN Chang-yan, HU Dan-dan, HU Hui-wen, YU Xi-chu, LI Da-ming, YE Hui-cai, HU Zhi-hua, SONG Hui-jie

2022, 61(5): 11-13. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.002

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Aiming to guide the actions of reducing chemical fertilizer rate and increasing efficiency in different cities of Jiangxi province, the annual amount of chemical fertilizer in different cities was analyzed from 2012 to 2014 based on “Jiangxi statistical yearbooks”, and the correlation between chemical fertilizer rate and agricultural output were quantified. The results showed that, the annual amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in Ganzhou and Yichun were higher than other cities of Jiangxi province. Meanwhile, the proportion of Nanchang, Jiujiang, Ganzhou, Ji’an, Yichun, Fuzhou, and Shangrao cities for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium chemical were more than others, and the cumulative proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in Jiangxi province were 90.09%, 88.77% and 91.29%, respectively. Further analysis showed that the agricultural output could be increased by 4.138 billion to 7.259 billion yuan per year, when the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer was increased by 10 000 per year. Otherwise, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were obvious higher than that of nitrogen fertilizer, through the slope of the fitting equations between the chemical fertilizer and the agricultural output. Therefore, in the follow-up action of reducing chemical fertilizer application, Ganzhou and Yichun should be focus on in Jiangxi province for scientific fertilization, especially the contribution of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to agricultural output.

Relationship between soil trace elements, organic matter and pH in corn planting area of Yuanping city

CHEN Ting, LI Ting-liang, ZHANG Jin-feng, LIU Yang

2022, 61(5): 14-19. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.003

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In order to provide theoretical basis for high yield and high quality maize production in the corn belt of Yuanping city, Shanxi province, the concentrations of soil trace elements and the relationship between organic matter, pH and soil trace elements content was studied. According to the study area in corn planting regionalization, the surface soil samples（0~20 cm）were collected to determine the contents of soil pH, organic matter and trace elements Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, Se and Ca. And the relationship between total concentrations of soil trace elements with organic matter and pH were analyzed by using Pearson correlation analysis and one-dimensional linear regression. The results showed that the concentration of organic matter was 4.10 to 53.98 g/kg, the average value of organic matter was 17.29 mg/kg;The pH was 7.50 to 8.66, the average value of pH was 8.08, indicating that the content of soil organic matter in the study area is at a medium and low level. The average contents of Cu,Zn,Ni, Fe, Mn, Se and Ca were 20.61 mg/kg, 68.47 mg/kg, 33.30 mg/kg, 2.92%, 578.13 mg/kg, 0.28 mg/kg and 4.07%, respectively. The average values of the total Zn, Ni, Mn and Se were higher than the background value in Shanxi province. while the average values of the total Cu, Fe and Ca were lower than the back ground value in Shanxi province. The contents of Cu, Zn and Se were negatively correlated with pH（P<0.01）, the contents of Fe were negatively correlated with pH（P<0.05）, and the contents of Ca were positively correlated with pH（P<0.01）; The contents of Zn were positively correlated with organic mater（P<0.01）, the contents of Cu and Se were positively correlated with organic mater（P<0.05）, and the contents of Ca were negatively correlated with organic mater（P<0.01）.

Effects of fast-growing Eucalyptus on soil organic matter content and pH

LI Xu-ming, HUANG Qiu-chan, LI Qi-qi, FANG Xue-hui, WEI You-huan, LI Fu-yan

2022, 61(5): 20-22. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.004

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The effect of fast-growing Eucalyptus on soil organic matter content and pH were studied. The results showed that, planting Eucalyptus had the greater impact on the organic matter content in the soil of 10 cm and 20 cm depth, compared with the control, the decline of organic matter content reached 16.32% and 23.94%, respectively; 1~3-year-old Eucalyptus mainly affects 10~20 cm soil organic matter content, and 5-year-old Eucalyptus will affect 10~40 cm soil organic matter content; Planting fast-growing Eucalyptus would lead to the increase of soil pH value in cultivated land, which had little impact on soil pH in 10 cm and 30 cm layers, and had a greater impact on soil pH in 40 cm layers; From the perspective of planting year, planting Eucalyptus had little impact on soil pH in the first year, and had the greatest impact in the fifth year. Planting Eucalyptus has a significant impact on soil organic matter and pH, especially 5-year-old eucalyptus has the greatest impact on soil, it is suggested to taking relevant measures to protect cultivated land soil environment.

Effects of lime application on acid soil amelioration and maize plant growth in southeastern of Liaoning

ZHANG Li-li， FAN Ye， XUE Bing-dong， MO Jiao-jiao， YANG Hai-long， FU Jun

2022, 61(5): 23-26. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.005

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The study was conducted in the ways of the soil incubation and pot experiments to study the effects of lime on acid soil amelioration and maize plant growth in southeastern of Liaoning， and determine the suitable lime application rate. The soil incubation results showed， the soil pH increased after the application of lime， tended to be stable after 10 days of incubation. When the amount of lime was higher than 1.5 g per kg soil， soil pH was significantly increased. With the increase of lime application amount， the soil pH increased， lime application rate was positively correlated with soil pH and in a liner relationship y=0.442 8x+4.725 5（R²=0.955 7^***）. The pot experiment results showed， application of lime could significantly increase plant height， shoot and root dry matter； At the same time， root growth was promoted and root-shoot ratio was increased. When the dosage of lime was more than 1.0 g/kg soil， the height of maize seedlings and root-top ratio were significantly higher than those of control. When the amount of lime was more than 1.5 g/kg soli， the dry weight of aboveground was significantly higher than that of the control. In conclusion， the application of lime southeastern of Liaoning significantly increased soil pH， alleviated soil acidification and promoted the growth of maize seedlings. The lowest and highest application amount of lime was 1.52 g/kg soil and 2.42 g/kg soil， respectively.

Effects of spraying zinc chelate fertilizer on the grain yield, zinc content and quality of rice

MEI Qing-qing, TIAN Cang, ZHOU Qing-yun, WU Mei-yan, ZHANG Wen-ying, TIAN Xiao-hai

2022, 61(5): 27-31. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.006

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The field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar application of zinc chelate fertilizers（zinc-amino acid chelate, zinc-EDTA chelate, zinc-fulvic acid chelate） and zinc sulfate on the grain yield, zinc content and quality of rice in two years （2017 and 2018）. The results showed that zinc chelate fertilizer could improve the grain yield, zinc content and quality compared with zinc sulfate. Especially, SPAD, photosynthesis and the grain yield were significantly increased in the foliar application of 0.3% zinc-fulvic acid chelate or 0.3% zinc-amino acid chelate. Compared with no zinc fertilizer （CK）, the grain yield was increased by 4.9% and 4.7%, and compared with zinc sulfate （0.3%）, the grain yield was increased by 2.1% and 2.0%, mainly due to the increase of 1 000 grain weight and seed setting rate. At the same time, zinc content and quality of rice were promoted by spraying zinc chelate fertilizer. Compared with zinc sulfate （0.3%）, the zinc content of milled rice, the head rice rate and the protein content were increased by 33.7% and 29.3%, 7.8% and 6.7%, 29.1% and 28.3% in the foliar application of 0.3% zinc-fulvic acid chelate or 0.3% zinc-amino acid chelate, respectively. It suggests that the application rate of 0.3% zinc-amino acid chelate or 0.3% zinc-fulvic acid chelate could be recommended in the potential zinc deficient paddy fields.

Effects of sodium selenite on the growth of Cardamine hupingshanensis

MAI Shu-hua, YANG Guang, QIU Shu, LI Ya-nan, CHEN Da-qing

2022, 61(5): 32-35. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.007

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The effects of different concentrations of sodium selenite on growth of Cardamine hupingshanensis were studied to explore the response of C. hupingshanensis to sodium selenite stress. The results showed that within the concentration range of 0~30 mg/L sodium selenite, the germination rate, seedling rate and root length of C. hupingshanensis plants were obviously improved, and reached the maximum at 30 mg/L sodium selenite. When the concentration of sodium selenite was higher than 50 mg/L, the rate of C. hupingshanensis etiolation seedlings increased with the increase of sodium selenite concentration. Under the treatment of 40 mg/L sodium selenite, the C. hupingshanensis plant height and growth reached the maximum. Low concentration sodium selenite significantly increased the biomass of C. hupingshanensis compared with the control. The CAT activity of C. hupingshanensis showed an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and reached the highest value at 150 mg/L sodium selenite. POD activity showed a trend of first declining and then increasing, reaching the maximum value at 400 mg/L sodium selenite.

Effect of biogas fertilizers on seed germination and growth of maize

CAO Yu-dong, YIN Mei-xiao, TIAN Yong-lan, ZHANG Hua-yong

2022, 61(5): 36-40. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.008

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This study analyzed the effects of different biogas fertilizers on the germination and seedling growth of maize （Zea may L.）, the biogas fertilizers were divided into slurries and residues as seed soaking liquid and organic fertilizer, respectively. The results showed that, 50% biogas slurry（except biogas slurry of cornstraw） mainly inhibited the germination rate and germination potential of maize seeds. However, biogas slurry of corn straw promoted seed growth, the germination rate, germination index and vitality index were increased by 2.69%, 5.04% and 131.60% respectively compared with the control. Buds and roots’ growth of maize seedlings were promoted by all biogas slurry. The weight of buds and weight of root were increased with wine dregs and vines biogas slurry separately. Biogas residue had no significant effect on the germination rate of maize seeds whire could promot the height and biomass of maize seedlings. The promotive effect of cow manure biogas residue was better than others, the height and fresh weight of seedling adding cow manure biogas residue were increased by 14.55% and 66.81% respectively compared with the control. In summary, the effect of biogas fertilizer on seed germination was either insignificant or inhibitory, while it significantly promoted the growth of seedlings.

Effects of returning agricultural waste to field on agronomic traits of Chinese cabbage

LIANG Tian-cai, WANG De-quan

2022, 61(5): 41-44. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.009

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Through the plot experiment, the effect of agricultural waste return on the agronomic traits of Chinese cabbage （Brassica chinensis L.） was explored. The results showed that the effects of different amounts of discarded residue on the agronomic traits of Chinese cabbage were different, and compared with the control, the effect of high amount returning to the field was the best, and the increase in the height of Chinese cabbage plants, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length and fresh weight of each plant were increased by 20.8%, 15.8%, 26.1%, 26.2% and 35.9%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the control; The direct return of sawdust to the field had an inhibitory effect on the agronomic traits of Chinese cabbage, and it should be fermented and decomposed; The effect of tomato straw medium returning to the field was significant higher than the control, compared with the control, the plants height of Chinese cabbage, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length and fresh weight of each plant were increased by 15.7%, 11.5%, 39.4%, 15.1% and 19.8%, respectively; The plants height of Chinese cabbage, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length and fresh weight of each plant for discarded residue returning to the field were significantly higher than the control, the height, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length and fresh weight of each plant were increased by 12.4%, 7.9%, 18.2%, 14.3% and 22.0%, respectively. In short, Chinese cabbage growth index of discarded residue returning to the field are better than those of tomato straw and sawdust returning to the field, which can be promoted and applied in future vegetable production.

Study on the variation of butterfly community diversity in Mt. Fengyang of Zhejiang province

LI Xiu-fang, LIU Meng-meng, JI Ting-ting, LI Ze-jian

2022, 61(5): 45-55. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.010

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During April to September 2017 and April to September 2018, Mt. Fengyang in Zhejiang province was selected as the research area, and butterfly species were monitored monthly by using the sample line monitoring method. The diversity index（H′）, the specific richness（R）, the dominance index（D）, the evenness index（J）and the similarity coefficient（j） of the seven sample lines of butterflies community were calculated and analyzed by Excel software. The results showed that a total of 4 688 butterflies were monitored, of which 228 species in 108 genera under 5 families. Nymphalidae were the dominant group, with the most genera number （42）, species （107） and individuals （2 255）, accounting for 38.9%, 46.9% and 48.1% of the total butterfly community in Mt. Fengyang. The diversity index（H′） of Dasai village sample line（ Ⅰ ） was the highest and Luao village sample line（Ⅵ） was the lowest. The specific richness（R） of Shatian village sample line（ Ⅲ ） was the greatest. It was found that there were more species of butterflies investigated from May to July, followed by August and September, and the lowest in April. The results showed that habitat types, highway construction, tourism development and climate change had effected on the distribution of butterflies in Mt. Fengyang.

Analysis of the bacterial diversity in the Congjiang field carp’s intestine

LI Xiao-yi, SHEN Xiao-dong, ZHANG Xiao-ping, YANG Xing, GUAN Mei, WANG Xue

2022, 61(5): 56-59. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.011

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The intestinal bacterial community at three different stages in Congjiang field carp （1 d, 2 months,5 months） were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that the RS1（1 d） and RS3 （5 months） group had higher bacterial diversity than the RS2 （2 months） group. At the phylum level,Firmicutes（33.43%）, Cyanobacteria （28.15%）,Proteobacteria（22.94%） and Bacteroidetes （9.79%） dominated the microbiota of the RS1. The intestinal bacterial community in RS2 was dominated by Proteobacteria （94.05%）, followed by Firmicutes （2.58%）, Fusobacteria （2.05%） and Actinobacteria （0.68%）. The dominant bacteria in RS3 group were Cyanobacteria （40.69%）, Proteobacteria （31.65%）, Fusobacteria （10.30%） and Firmicutes （8.89%）. At the genus level, The RS1 had high microbial diversity, with the highest abundance of unidentified Cyanobacteria （28.11%）, followed by Romboutsia （13.33%）, unidentified Clostridiales （8.37%） and Sphingomonas （4.62%）. Aeromonas （68.86%） had the highest relative abundance in the RS2. The intestinal bacterial community in RS3 was dominated by unidentified Cyanobacteria （40.63%）, followed by Aeromonas （12.41%） and Cetobacterium （10.20%）. The results showed that the the intestinal bacterial community of Congjiang field carp in the paddy field culture system changed significantly at different growth stages.

The analysis and prediction about land resources of energy plants Pistacia chinensis cultivation in Shaanxi province

ZHOU Xi, MA Zhi-min

2022, 61(5): 60-65. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.012

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The purpose of this paper was to analyze and predict land use of energy plant Pistacia chinensis cultivated which was one of the most potential of renewable energy in view of the current fossil energy increasingly scarce problem, combined with the development theme of ecological civilization construction. The main research method was multiple factor method, setting up the index with relevant policy and growth habits of Pistacia chinensis to analyze land resources of Pistacia chinensis cultivation in Shaanxi province combined with the factors of land use, temperature, slope and so on, then predicting land use cover of Shaanxi province in 2020 based on CA-Markov model to predict the amount of land which could be used to plant Pistacia chinensis in 2020. The results showed that the potential of Pistacia chinensis plantation was great, the type of planting land was given priority to open woodland and grassland, suitable planting land was less, less suitable planting land area was larger. Based on the thought of multiple planning integration, combined with the work of “returning farmland to forestsor grassland and returning forests to unused land”in Shaanxi province, which could promote the work of Pistacia chinensis plantation.

Investigation and application of wild herbaceous plant resources in Shihe, Xinyang city

YUAN De-qiang, DAI Ren-jie, ZHANG Yun, WANG Peng-fei

2022, 61(5): 66-69. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.013

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In this study, the herbaceous plants in Shihe river area of Xinyang city were taken as the research object, and the species and distribution of herbaceous plants in this area were investigated by means of sample plot survey and route survey, and their application value was studied. The results showed that there were 20 species belonging to 20 genera in 8 families, 18 species belonging to 18 genera in 9 families, 62 species belonging to 59 genera in 24 families, 17 species belonging to 17 genera in 14 families, and 6 species belonging to 6 genera in 2 families of the herbaceous plants in this area. Based on the investigation and application value of wild herbs in Xinyang city, some suggestions for the protection, rational development and application of local herb resources were put forward.

Study on properties of two-stage anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste

LI Chun-yan, LYU Yu-cai, GONG Da-chun, LIU Chen-jie, ZHU Jia-qi, LI Ning

2022, 61(5): 70-75. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.014

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In order to realize the resource utilization of kitchen waste, two-stage fermentation of hydrolysis acidification-anaerobic digestion was adopted. After the kitchen waste was hydrolyzed and acidified for 5 days, the acidified solution was digested by activated sludge for 16 days to test the production efficiency of biomethane using kitchen waste as raw material. The results showed that after hydrolytic acidification, the acid production was obvious, the pH decreased to 4.69, the concentration of acetic acid reached 3.11 mg/mL, and the sCOD of digestive juice increased obviously to 174.34 g/L. The gas production effect in the anaerobic digestion section was obvious, the gas production reached the highest peak within 2 days, and the pH dropped from 7.89 to 7.54, but no significant inhibition was produced. The second peak of gas production appeared on the 6th day, and gradually decreased with the decrease of organic matter content in the system. During the gas production period, the digestion system had always maintained an alkaline state. The average methane yield during the gas production period was 315.47 mL/g VS, the average methane content in cumulative biogas was 53.79%, and the highest content of methane was 67.49%. It can be seen that that two-stage anaerobic digestion can effectively treat kitchen waste.

Distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface water of Tuojiang River basin

CHEN Jia-luo, WEI Yao, WANG Tao

2022, 61(5): 76-82. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.015

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In order to understand the distribution of heavy metalsand health risks under pollution levels in the Tuojiang River of Sichuan Basin. In 2018, the contents of 7 heavy metals Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Cr（Ⅵ） in the surface water of 24 sites in the Tuojiang River were investigated and their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed, and then the heavy metal pollution index （HPI） and health risk assessment model were used to evaluate the risk of heavy metals in the waters of Tuojiang River. The results showed that the overall concentration of heavy metals in the waters of Tuojiang River was maintained at a low level,lower than the “Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard” Class I standard, and there was no obvious pollution. In some densely populated areas, the concentration of heavy metals in some river sections increased slightly, but they were all lower than the “Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard” Class I standard; In the main stream of the Tuojiang River, except for the seasonal variation of Cu and Zn concentrations, the seasonal variation of other heavy metal concentrations was not obvious. From the spatial distribution, the Cu concentration peak appeared in the Qiuxi River and the Zn concentration was higher in Pihe and Qiuxi River. The peaks of Cd concentration appeared in Jiuqu River and Yanghua River. The concentration of As and Pb were higher in the middle and lower reaches of Tuojiang River, and the spatial distribution of Hg and Cr（Ⅵ） concentration was not significantly different; The results of HPI and health risk assessment showed that the heavy metal pollution of surface water in the Tuojiang River posed a low risk to human health.

Research on enrichment effect of cadmium by three plants in soil

FENG Jing-yun, NIE Xin-xing, LIU Bo, DUAN Xiao-li, ZHANG Zhi-yi, YANG Li

2022, 61(5): 83-86. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.016

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In order to screen out cadmium-enriched plants that can adapt to slightly and moderately heavy metal contaminated farmland, field experiments were carried out to study the growth and the enrichment characteristics of cadmium of three plant species（biomass sorghum, sweet sorghum and castor） in a cadmium contaminated farmland. The results showed that the above-ground biomass of biomass sorghum was 22.574 8 t/hm², which was 1.2 and 5.1 times that of sweet sorghum and castor. The Cd concentrations in each organ of the three plants were in the order of stalk>leaf>ear. The Cd enrichment coefficients in the stalks and leaves of biomass sorghum and sweet sorghum all exceeded 1. The total amount of Cd that can be removed from the shoots of biomass sorghum, sweet sorghum and castor in the season was 24.66, 17.72 and 1.57 g/hm², respectively. Among the three plants, biomass sorghum has the largest biomass and has a strong ability to accumulate Cd,and is a potential plant resource for the remediation of Cd contaminated farmland.

Effects of cadmium on growth and physiological characteristics of Cardamine violifolia

HUANG Dong-hua, MAI Shu-hua, QIU Shu, CHEN Da-qing

2022, 61(5): 87-90. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.017

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Cardamine violifolia was used as the research material, and the seedling age of 50 days was treated with cadmium chloride （CdCl²）at different concentrations （0、50、100、150、200 mg/L）. The POD activity, SOD activity, plant height, fresh weight and CAT activity were measured. The results showed that when cadmium concentration was higher than 50 mg/L,cadmium had a significant inhibitory effect on the plant height and fresh weight of Cardamine violifolia. With the increase of cadmium concentration, the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b of Cardamine violifolia decreased. With the increase of cadmium concentration,the activities of protective enzymes in leaves and roots of Cardamine violifolia first increased and then decreased. When the concentration of cadmium salt was 150 mg/L,the activities of protective enzymes reached the maximum. The results showed that Cardamine violifolia was a resource plant and could be used as an indicator plant for cadmium pollution in soil and water.

Research progress on pollution status of chlorobenzene compounds and its remediation technology

LIU Le, ZHANG Guo-liang, WANG Fang, NIU Yuan, QI Bo, LIU Xin-hai

2022, 61(5): 91-97. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.018

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Chlorobenzenes （CBs） are not only a widely used chemical raw material, but also a persistent organic pollutant, which is difficult to decompose after entering the environment and brings a series of potential hazards. In view of the seriousness of CBs pollution and the urgency of technical remediation, this paper reviewed the use of chlorobenzene compounds and their pollution levels in the environment through the combination of relevant literature and self-research, and discussed bioremediation, physical chemistry remediation, combined remediation and other remediation technologies for chlorobenzene pollutants; It was considered that the development of unit technology or combined process with green environmental protection, high reaction efficiency and low price was the focus of future research. At the same time, it was pointed out that the harmless treatment of chlorobenzene pollutants was the future development direction.

Toxicity response of microalgae to antibiotics and its removal effect

LI Ya-qi, QIN Hai-tian, HUANG He

2022, 61(5): 98-105. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.019

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The environmental problems caused by antibiotic residues in water environment should not be underestimated. As a new type of environmental pollutant, an economical and effective method should be developed to remove it.In recent years, microalgae-based water treatment technology had been paid more attention because it had certain effect on the removal of antibiotics. The toxic effects of antibiotics on microalgae, the influencing factors of microalgae on removal of antibiotics, the removal efficiency and mechanism were reviewed. The future research direction of antibiotic removal by microalgae was discussed, in order to provide help for the comprehensive utilization of algae.

Study on vegetation coverage distribution of different slope belts in Yanshi district

WANG Guo-zhong, LI Zhong-yuan, CHENG Huan-ling, ZHANG Ji-yu, GAO Jing-qing, YANG Dan, LI Xiu-hong, LU Yuan-zhang

2022, 61(5): 106-110. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.020

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In order to explore the relationship between slope distribution and vegetation coverage, the information of slope and vegetation coverage in Yanshi district were extracted by Landsat 8 image and DEM, and their relationship were analyzed. The results showed that the slope of the district was gentle with good vegetation coverage,which was suitable for human habitation and life; The vegetation coverage distribution was greatly affected by slopes of 2°, 6°, 15° and 25°. When the slope was no more than 15°,the coverage between 10% to 30% accounted for the largest proportion of the total area, but in the slope zone from 2° to 6°, the coverage between 60% to 80% accounted for the largest proportion of the total area, and in the slope zone from 6° to 15°, the coverage above 80% accounted for the largest proportion;After the slope exceeded 15°, the coverage between 60% to 80% and beyond 80% occupied dominant position;After the slope exceeded 25°, above 80% coverage occupied dominant position exceeding the coverage from 60%to 80%;The coverage beyond 80%, from 60% to 80% showed same trend that first decreasing, then increasing and then gradually decreasing with slope increase, while coverage distributions from 45% to 60%, 30% to 45%, 10% to 30% and lower 10% gradually decreased with slope increase. There are remarkable results in ecological and clean small watershed construction for Yanshi district, and the vegetation coverage has increased greatly,the experience is worth popularizing and learning.

Land ecological risk assessment of Lyuliang Mountain based on nature-economy-landscape multi-source system

SONG Xiao-jing, ZHOU Shu-qin, WANG Yong, JING Yao-dong, LIU Li-wen, WANG Bei-bei

2022, 61(5): 111-119. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.021

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Ecological risk assessment is the basis of the study on the life security of mountain, water, forest, field, lake, grass and sand community. At present, unreasonable resource development and inefficient land use lead to vegetation degradation, weakening ecosystem service function and aggravating regional ecological risk. The protection and construction of life community are facing new challenges. Taking the land use dynamic monitoring data of Lyuliang Mountain in 2000, 2010 and 2018 as the data source, a multi-source evaluation system of nature-economy-landscape was constructed with the support of ArcGIS, Fragstats and R, based on 5 km×5 km grid calculated the temporal and spatial differentiation and correlation of regional vegetation degradation trend, ecosystem service value and ecological risk index since 19 years, evaluated the regional ecological risk and put forward protection suggestions. The results showed that the vegetation cover of Lyuliang Mountain increased as a whole, and the vegetation change was significant. The area of significant area accounted for 84.94%. From 2000 to 2010, the value of ecosystem services increased from 507.803×10⁸ yuan to 507.874×10⁸ yuan, with a small increase, down to 499.761×10⁸ yuan from 2010 to 2018, a total decrease of 1.597%. Forest land, grassland and cultivated land were the main contribution types. The overall landscape ecological risk showed an upward trend. The risk index had a negative correlation with the value of ecosystem services, and the aggregation trend had increased. The purpose of the study is to provide reference for Lyuliang Mountain to better play the role of ecological barrier and improve the ability of risk early warning and management and control in the region.

The response of traditional agriculture to natural disasters in isolated oasis：Take Hotan in Xinjiang for example

WANG Wan-ru, HE Bing-yu

2022, 61(5): 120-126. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.022

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Taking the isolated oasis as the research background and selecting the Hotan region of Xinjiang as the research area, through analyzing the current situation of traditional agriculture and natural disasters, using gray correlation analysis to construct the correlation model and coupling model, revealing the response and coupled evolution of traditional agriculture to natural disasters, so as to provide information and reference for traditional agriculture in isolated oasis.

Analysis on temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of PM_2.5 mass concentration in counties of Shaanxi province from 2000 to 2018

LIU Yu-feng, YUAN Zhi-hua, YANG Jun-jun, GUO Ling-xia, XU Xiao-ting, AN Bing

2022, 61(5): 127-134. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.023

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PM_2.5 is an important pollutant forming haze weather. Exploring the temporal and spatial evolution law and spatial heterogeneity of PM_2.5 pollution is of great significance to the accurate treatment of air pollution. Based on the county PM_2.5 concentration data of Shaanxi province from 2000 to 2018, this paper systematically studies the temporal and spatial evolution trend of PM_2.5 pollution by using the methods of gravity center model and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results showed that from 2000 to 2018, the annual mean value of PM_2.5 concentration in Shaanxi province experienced an inverted “N-type” of small fluctuation decline in the early stage, short sharp rised in the middle stage and large fluctuation decline in the later stage. 2011 was an important “inflection point” for the fluctuation of the annual mean value of PM_2.5 concentration. The annual mean value of PM_2.5 concentration was lower than the primary concentration limit （15 μg/m³） of low pollution counties （districts） account for relatively small and unstable changes, the proportion of 15~35 μg/m³（secondary concentration limit） had increased, and the proportion between 35~70 μg/m³continues to decrease, reflecting that the PM_2.5 pollution in most counties （districts） will be gradually controlled below the secondary concentration limit in the future. In terms of spatial distribution, the average annual value of PM_2.5 concentration had obvious regional differentiation. The annual mean value of PM_2.5 concentration had eight “Rise-Decline” time series evolution types in the four stages of 2000—2005, 2005—2010, 2010—2015 and 2015—2018, and the counties （districts） of “D-R-D-D” type account for the absolute proportion （59.81%）. The gravity center analysis showed that the PM_2.5pollution gravity center in Shaanxi province moves from southwest to northeast, which roughly presents the spatial pattern and trend of prominent pollution in Guanzhong, high in the west and low in the east, and light pollution in northern and southern Shaanxi. The annual average value of PM_2.5 concentration showed positive spatial autocorrelation in space, and the spatial agglomeration generally showed the time evolution trend of first falling, then leveling and then rising. Most counties （districts） were “High-High” type agglomeration and “Low-Low” type agglomeration, with obvious convergence trend and serious polarization.

Evaluation and trend of human settlement climate comfort in Liuzhou city in recent 60 years

HUANG Wei, LIU Yong-yu, JIANG Li-yuan, YI Chuan-xiang, WU Xuan-ke

2022, 61(5): 135-138. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.024

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Based on the meteorological data of Liuzhou national basic meteorological station from 1961 to 2020, the monthly and annual human settlement climate comfort in Liuzhou in the past 60 years was evaluated and the change trend was analyzed with the temperature-humidity index and the wind efficiency index as the evaluation indexes of human settlement climate comfort. The results showed that the temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index increased first and then decreased from January to December. The annual changes of temperature and humidity index and wind efficiency index from January to December were not obvious. The final evaluation was that January, February and December were cold, March was cold, April, May and September to November were comfortable, and June to August was hot. In the past 60 years, the temperature and humidity index was in the comfortable range and showed an indigenous upward trend, and there were 4-year and 8-year periodic changes. The wind effect index was in the comfortable range from 1961 to 2017, and was in the cold range from 2018 to 2020. There was no obvious change trend and periodic variation.

Study on the impact of large-scale river engineering on the LUCC of the basin: Case study in the channel of Huai River into the Sea phase II project

WANG Zhi-yu

2022, 61(5): 139-147. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.025

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Large-scale river engineering construction is of great significance to the economic and social development of the basin, but based on it’s engineering characteristics, it will have a certain impact on land use/cover change （LUCC） in the areas along the line. The study taked the second phase of the Huai River into the Sea as an example, and used the Markov-Flus model to predict the changes in regional LUCC in the three scenarios of natural development under the influence of river projects or non-river projects in the basin from 2018 to 2030, as well as cultivated land protection and guaranteed development under project construction. Provide reference for efficient land use and coordinated development of space in the basin. The results show that from 2010 to 2018, the main trend of LUCC changes in the study area was the conversion of cultivated land to construction land. Compared with the natural development scenario, the amount of arable land, grassland and woodland under the guaranteed development scenario was reduced by 88.70, 1.73 and 2.48 km², respectively, and the water area and construction land increased by 79.51 and 13.40 km², respectively. Under the arable land protection scenario, arable land and construction land decreased by 37.55 and 42.11 km², and grassland, woodland, and water area increased by 0.12, 0.03 and 79.51 km², respectively. Comparing the results of multi-scenario simulation showed that large-scale river engineering construction occupied a large amount of land along the line, Which was mainly manifested in the decrease in the supply of construction land and the intensified loss of cultivated land, which will cause structural contradictions in regional land use in the short term. However, it’s construction can improve agricultural production factors and enhance the location conditions of regional economic development, which was of great significance to the high-quality and sustainable development of regional socio-economics.

Spatial-temporal evolution analysis of “Production-Ecological-Living Spaces” in Zhengzhou city from 2010 to 2017

GAO Sha, BI Zheng-qing, ZHANG Jing-jing, XIAO Zi-hui, LI Yu-jie, KANG Ting-ting

2022, 61(5): 148-151. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.026

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Based on land use, DEM and other data, and with the help of ArcGIS, Excel and other software operating platforms, this paper adopted the transfer matrix method to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution of “three-life space” in Zhengzhou city from 2010 to 2017 from three aspectsspatial-temporal pattern, different altitudes, and spatial-temporal transformation. The results showed that from 2010 to 2017, the production space in Zhengzhou city showed a trend of large-scale reduction, the area proportion decreased by 8.13 percentage points, while the living space and ecological space both showed a trend of increase, the area proportion increased by 5.21 percentage points and 2.92 percentage points, respectively. From different altitudes, from 2010 to 2017, the production space showed a decreasing trend in the regions with an altitude below 1 200 m. Living space increased in the area below 1 200 m above sea level. The ecological space showed an increasing trend in the region with an altitude of 200~1 200 m. The conversion between “three living Spaces” in Zhengzhou was relatively frequent, especially the mutual conversion between production space and living space, as well as production space and ecological space.

Spatial and temporal variation of land surface temperature in Taklamakan desert

WANG Yuan-hong, WU Xin-ping, ALI Mamtimin, LIU Kai-lu, LIU Yong-qiang

2022, 61(5): 152-159. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.027

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The surface temperature （LST） is one of the important climate variables and an important parameter of the ground-gas interaction of land surface processes. This paper used the observed data in 2017 in the hinterland of the Taklamakan desert to analyze the annual variation characteristics of surface temperature in this area. The results showed that the surface temperature in the desert hinterland had obvious seasonal changes, and the diurnal temperature fluctuated greatly. The annual average daily temperature highest value appeared in July, the lowest value appeared in January, and the day temperature variation characteristics of the four seasons were basically the same. The daily lowest temperature all appeared at 6 o’clock local time, and the highest temperature appeared at 13 o’clock. CLDAS was validated by the measured surface temperature of the applicability of the product in the desert, under the four kinds of different weather and the observation value of correlation coefficients were greater than 0.8, in clear weather, the correlation coefficient of 0.99, so using CLDAS products of the Taklamakan desert areas sunny spatial and temporal variation analysis and research, the surface temperature of the desert regions of the temperature change was highly affected by the changes in solar radiation, temperature difference between day and night 6 ℃ higher than around the desert oasis.

The applicability research of WOFOST model in Dezhou city

WANG Meng-meng, YANG Xue-bin, WANG Ji-shun, LAI Jian-bin

2022, 61(5): 160-164. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.028

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WOFOST model is developed by the Center for World Food Studies （CWFS） and Wageningen University. This research was aimed at evaluating the suitability of WOFOST model for Dezhou city. The model was calibrated to get localization parameters using the observation data in the year 2015, including biomass of winter wheat and daily light, temperature, and precipitation. And then it was validated by data in 2016. The suitability of WOFOST model for yield simulation was verified, using the yield observation data and daily weather data from 1981 to 2017. The results were as follows. The model had good simulation effect on winter wheat biomass, yield and growth period. The RMSE of the simulated and observed stalk biomass, total biomass above ground, yield were 29.3, 92.1, 86.7 g/m², and the NRMSE were 13%, 15%, 14%, respectively. The simulation error of the growth period was no more than 4 d. It proves that corrected WOFOST model can accurately simulate the growth and yield of winter wheat in Dezhou.

Effects of summer climate change on spring maize development and yield in the Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu

ZHANG Hong-ni, ZHANG Hong-fen, HE Shu-zhou, ZHOU Zhong-wen, CHE Xiang-jun

2022, 61(5): 165-170. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.029

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Based on the data of summer average temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours, spring maize development period and yield in Xifeng district of Qingyang city from 1990 to 2018, the variation characteristics of summer average temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours and their effects on spring maize development period and yield were analyzed. The results showed that the average temperature in summer was on the rise, and the rising rate was 0.46 ℃ per 10 years. Precipitation showed an increasing trend of fluctuation with an increase rate of 4.22 mm per 10 years; sunshine hours showed a decreasing trend, and the decreasing rate was 4.76 h per 10 years. The average development periods of spring maize in the years with higher average temperature in summer were earlier than those in the years with lower average temperature, the number of days of the whole growth period was shortened, and the average climatic yield was low. The average development period of spring maize in the years with more precipitation in summer was delayed compared with that in the years with less precipitation period was prolonged, and the average climatic yield was high. Summer sunshine hours advanced the average growth period of spring maize, but had little effect on the whole growth period and average climatic yield. Precipitation was the most significant factor affecting climate yield in summer, followed by temperature. The correlation between sunshine hours and climate yield was the least obvious. The most significant correlation between average temperature and climate yield is jointing-tasseling stage; the most significant correlation between precipitation and climate yield is jointing-tasseling stage; the most significant correlation between sunshine hours and climate yield is flowering-silking.

Impacts of climate change and human activities on runoff in the upper reaches of Kaidu River based on SWAT model

CHEN Shi-xue, YUSUFUJIANG Rusuli, ZHANG Fa, DILIHUMAER Ahanmujiang

2022, 61(5): 171-176. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.030

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Based on SWAT model, three scenarios of climate change and land use combination were set up by scenario analysis method, and the impacts of climate change and human activities on runoff in the upper reaches of the Kaidu River were quantitatively analyzed. Decision coefficient R², Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient NSE and deviation coefficient PBIAS were used as evaluation indexes of the model. The results were as followsThe model rate was 0.85, 0.84 and 6.2% for regular period, and 0.78, 0.69 and 1.6% for validation period. It showed that SWAT model was suitable for runoff simulation in Kaidu River Basin. According to the comprehensive scenario, climate change was the main influencing factor of runoff change. Under the combined action of climate change and human activities, the annual average runoff decreased by 1.83 m³/s, and climate change caused the annual average runoff decreased by 1.38 m³/s, accounting for 75.47% of the total variation. Human activities lead to a decrease of 0.45 m³/s in average annual runoff, accounting for 24.53% of the total variation. According to the extreme land use scenario, the grassland scenario reduces the annual average runoff by 0.27 m³/s, while the unused land scenario increases the annual average runoff by 1.32 m³/s; Climate change scenario showed that runoff changes were positively correlated with precipitation changes and negatively correlated with air temperature changes. The precipitation decreased by 20% and 10%, and the annual average runoff decreased by 29.31 and 14.32 m³/s respectively. Precipitation increased by 10% and 20%, and the annual average runoff increased by 15.72 and 30.91 m³/s respectively. The annual average runoff decreases by 0.58 and 1.12 m³/s when the air temperature increases by 1 and 2 ℃ respectively.

The characteristic analysis of precipitation in Chuzhou city during 1970—2019

JIANG Lin, JIA Tian-shan, XIONG Shi-wei, LING Zun-bin, HUA Jun-wei, XUN Jing

2022, 61(5): 177-180. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.031

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Based on the precipitation of 7 national basic stations in Chuzhou city during 1970—2019, Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition（EEMD） was used to analyze the nonlinear variation characteristics of the annual precipitation and flood season precipitation. The results showed that taking Chuzhou station as an example, the precipitation had short periods of 2.3 years and 8.0 years which were dominant, as well as the long-term oscillation 16 years and 32 years. The contribution rate of precipitation in the flood season was above 60% of the annual precipitation, and generally speaking, the spatial distribution of precipitation in flood season was more southeast and less northwest;The ratio of rainstorm precipitation in flood season to precipitation in flood season was above 33%. In the past 50 years, the frequency of rainstorms in 7 national stations in the flood season all showed an increasing trend, except Tianchang station and Laian station, while the frequency of light rainstorms in the flood season all showed a decreasing trend.

Comparison and analysis of drought monitoring remote sensing indexes in the desert oasis area

YUE Sheng-ru, XU Zhen-xin, YANG Ming-hao, PENG Hai-feng, MENG Fu-jun

2022, 61(5): 181-185. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.032

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Oasis agriculture is of great significance in the process of economic and social development of Southern Xinjiang. Timely acquisition of soil relative humidity data in desert oasis areas is crucial for rational allocation of limited water resources and promotion of healthy and sustainable development of oasis agriculture and ecological environment. How to correctly select an appropriate drought monitoring remote sensing index is a problem for monitoring drought. The effectiveness of NDWI, VSWI, TVDI and MEI in desert oasis areas was compared and analyzed based on Landsat 8 and measured soil relative humidity data. The results showed that the four indices were not effective in agricultural areas （cotton and date fields） due to various factors such as human activities;All four indices reflect the spatial characteristics of the relative humidity of desert soils in the study area, with the optimal monitoring depth ranging from 0 to 10 cm;From the correlation coefficient analysis, the monitoring effect of NDWI and MEI were better than VSWI and TVDI. The relative humidity of the desert soil was higher along the banks of the Tarim river and around the farmland due to water distribution and human activities.

Analysis on driving forces of net primary productivity of vegetation in semiarid region of northwest China

HAN Huan-huan, GAO Min-hua, ZAN Mei

2022, 61(5): 186-192. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.033

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In order to explore the driving factors of net primary productivity（NPP） and its contribution rate under the special ecological environment in semi-arid areas, and reveal the driving ability of environmental factors on NPP in different environmental attributes sub-regions in semi-arid areas, the Yili river valley in Xinjiang was taken as the study area. The stepwise regression method was used to analyze the data of NPP, NDVI, meteorology, topography, land use and soil erosion, and to construct the NPP environmental factor model. The correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between each factor and NPP and the correlation between each factor, and the factor contribution rate was used to clarify the driving ability of environmental factors to NPP. Studies have shown that the dominant factors of NPP in the study area were NDVI, humidity index and annual average temperature. NDVI, average annual precipitation, moisture index, average annual temperature and dryness were significantly correlated with NPP in semi-arid region （P < 0.01）. Under different humidity index ranges, the driving ability of each environmental factor to NPP was significantly different. The strongest driving factor of NPP in the region with humidity index less than 0 was NDVI （P < 0.01）, while the region with humidity index more than 0 was precipitation （P < 0.01）. There were significant differences in the main contribution factors and contribution rates of NPP between different soil erosion types and land use types （P < 0.01）. The driving characteristics of meteorological, NDVI and topographic factors on NPP under various environmental conditions were revealed, which provided a scientific basis for the study of NPP driving force in semiarid regions.

Application of SWAT model driven by CMADS in Liuyang river basin

ZHOU Ying, MAO De-hua, DENG Mei-rong

2022, 61(5): 193-199. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.034

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Taking Liuyang river basin as the research area, the hydrological mutation test of runoff sequence data from 1961 to 2015 was carried out. The SWAT model driven by China Atmospheric Assimilation Driven Data Set （CMADS） was used to simulate monthly runoff from 2009 to 2015. The SUFI-2 algorithm was used to analyze parameter sensitivity and uncertainty. The results show that the runoff series of Liuyang river basin changed abruptly in 1987, which was not consistent. SWAT model driven by CMADS can better simulate the runoff process of Liuyang river basin under the condition of inconsistent hydrological sequence, and the five indicators of determination coefficient, Nash coefficient, deviation percentage, root mean square error and standard deviation were within the error range. Among the 11 parameters related to runoff, SCS runoff curve coefficient, groundwater time delay, soil available water, base flow α-factor and soil saturated permeability coefficient are the most sensitive. Validation period and rate of periodic P-factor were greater than 0.5, R-factor were less than 1.0, simulation uncertainty was small. The research results can provide scientific reference for water resources management and regulation and distribution in Liuyang river basin, and provide strong support for the coupling between subsequent models.

Research on quantitative method of lightning disaster risk based on PSR model

HUANG Xing-xing, LU Jun-lin, ZHUANG Yan-xun, YE Ze-wen, YIN Qi-yuan

2022, 61(5): 200-204. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.035

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In this study, six evaluation indexes including lightning density, lightning current intensity, GDP, population density, economic loss and personal injury and death were selected to build the quantitative model of PSR lightning risk. The Kriging interpolation method, entropy method and principal component analysis method were used to conduct statistical analysis on regional pressure, regional state and regional response respectively, and the quantitative results of lightning disaster risk in Guangdong province were obtained. The results showed that the high risk areas were located in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Foshan, Huizhou and Zhuhai, mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta region, and the risk gradually decreases from south to north. There was a sub-high risk area in eastern Guangdong, which was located in the northwestern part of Shantou, the central and eastern part of Jieyang and most parts of southwestern Chaozhou. Western Guangdong risk sub-high areas were mainly located in Maoming and northern Zhanjiang. Through the comparative analysis of 1 075 lightning casualties in Guangdong province, it is found that the lightning risk area was consistent with the actual lightning disaster, and the quadratic regression correlation coefficient between the two was 0.882 0. The visual display of the lightning disaster risk level can provide technical support for the formulation of lightning safety protection strategies in areas with incomplete lightning safety data, such as remote rural areas, and further improve the lightning protection and disaster reduction work in various places, especially in rural areas.

Study on high temperature and heat damage risk of mid-season rice in Hubei province under future RCPs scenarios

YE Pei, LIU Ke-qun, LIU Kai-wen, QIN Peng-cheng, ZHAO Xiao-fang, YANG Qing-qing

2022, 61(5): 205-213. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.036

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Based on the climate change forecast results of global climate model HadGem2-ES output in 2021—2080 under typical concentration paths （stable path RCP 4.5 and high path RCP8.5）, bilinear interpolation and variance correction methods were used to correct and verify. To study the occurrence regularity and risk change of high temperature heat injury of mid-season rice in Hubei province under RCPs scenario. The results showed that the RCPs scenario data can reduce the relative error and root mean square error between simulated data and observed data after variance correction, and reflect the future climate change trend more truly. In the RCPs scenario, the intensity, frequency and risk of high temperature heat injury of mid-season rice in Hubei province from 2051 to 2080 were greater than those in 2021—2050, especially in the RCP8.5 scenario. The risk of high temperature heat damage increased the most in the southeastern part of Hubei province and the low mountain belt of southwestern Hubei province, and the increase of high temperature heat damage in this area was large, and the increase was mainly moderate and severe. The high temperature heat damage was mainly mild in Jianghan Plain and northeast Hubei province. In northwest Hubei, the risk of high temperature heat damage decreased, while the frequency and intensity of high temperature heat damage decreased in some areas.

Analysis on spatial differences and influencing factors of agricultural water footprint in Northeast China

ZHANG Han-qi, LI Lu-ji, GAO Kun

2022, 61(5): 214-221. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.037

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In order to solve the problems of imperfect agricultural infrastructure construction and low agricultural production efficiency in Northeast China, this study calculated the total water footprint of major crops in Northeast China from 2009 to 2018 based on the water footprint theory, and applied logarithmic mean exponential decomposition method. The driving factors affecting the total water footprint were decomposed into yield factor, planting scale factor, virtual water content factor and crop structure factor, and the contribution of driving factors was analyzed from the perspective of time and space pattern. The results showed that the total water footprint of agricultural production showed an upward trend. From the perspective of time, crop yield and acreage played a dominant role, while the contribution of crop structure was relatively small. The effect of virtual water gradually changed from inhibition to facilitation. In terms of spatial pattern, the total water footprint of Northeast China has an increasing trend from south to north. In the early stage, the main increase of the total water footprint of each province was contributed by yield and area factors, while in the later stage, the change of planting structure and the different demands of crop natural factors led to the virtual water factor exacerbating the difference of the water footprint of each province. This study puts forward some suggestions from the aspects of optimizing spatial layout and crop structure, improving crop production efficiency and utilization rate of irrigation water resources, and promoting the development of green agriculture.

Study on the distribution of land use types in different slope zones in Yanshi district of Luoyang city

LI Zhong-yuan, WANG Guo-zhong, ZHANG Ji-yu, CHENG Huan-ling, YANG Dan, GAO Jing-qing

2022, 61(5): 222-225. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.038

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In order to explore the relationship between slope distribution and land use type, the data of slope and land use type in Yanshi district of Luoyang city were extracted based on Landsat8 image and DEM, and the relationship was analyzed. The results showed that the slope of Yanshi district was slow and the distribution of land use type was reasonable, which was suitable for human living and living. The land use type was mainly affected by the slope of 6°, 15° and 35°, and the grassland area distribution was lower than that of construction land within ≤6°, but larger than that of construction land after >6°. When slope is less than 15°, arable land is dominant, while woodland is dominant when slope is greater than 15°. After slope >35°, there is little distribution in other land areas except forest and grassland. The diversity index of land use type reaches the maximum within the slope of 6°~15°, which is the intensive area of human activities. The rational layout of land use types in Yanshi district according to terrain slope not only reduces soil erosion, increases soil organic matter content, but also improves people's living standard, and its experience is worth learning and popularizing.

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