Table of Content

10 November 2021, Volume 60 Issue 21

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Reviews

Reserch progress on callus induction and influencing factors of secondary metabolites of Panax ginseng

QIANG Bao-bao, WEI Kun-hua, LIANG Ying, WEI Gui-li, ZHAO Li-chun, MIAO Jian-hua

2021, 60(21):  5-11.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.001

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Panax ginseng is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, which has good medicinal and edible value. The research progress of Panax ginseng callus induction was reviewed from the aspects of different explants and culture conditions that induced callus induction of Panax ginseng. The effects of tissue culture conditions, such as sugars, inorganic salts, CO₂, plant growth regulator and inducers on Panax ginseng secondary metabolites （mainly ginsenosides） were summarized, and the factors that promoted the accumulation of Panax ginseng secondary metabolites were summarized, in order to provide reference methods and theoretical basis for tissue culture to improve the quality of Panax ginseng and the yield of ginsenosides.

Research status and prospect of kiwifruit crossbreeding in China

XIA Wen-juan, ZHENG Li, SUN Lei-ming, XU Sheng-wu, SHI Shi-sheng, KE Jin-xian, YU An-an

2021, 60(21):  12-15.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.002

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Based on a large number of literature,the development of kiwifruit crossbreeding technology and the types of crossbreeding varieties in China in recent years were summarized, and the existing problems in the breeding technology were analyzed and prospected, in order to provide some reference for kiwifruit breeding and industrial development in China.

The evolution and development trend of straw return to field technology

XIA Ying, FENG Ting-ting, WU Mao-qian, ZHANG Zhi-yi

2021, 60(21):  16-20.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.003

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The development of straw returning technology in China is mainly divided into three stages, including initial stage, development stage and current stage. In the initial stage of straw returning technology, indirect returning technology such as composting and retting was mainly used, and direct returning technology was relatively weak; In the development stage, the direct straw returning technology became the main returning mode, and the parameters of straw returning technology were preliminarily clear. With the improvement of mechanization, the direct straw returning technology had developed rapidly at this stage. Based on the original straw returning technology, there were new straw returning technologies such as ditch burying and carbonization.

Research progress on antimicrobial active components and action mechanism of Cinnamomi ramulus

WEI Lu-ling, ZHANG Miao, HUANG Piao-ling, TENG Jian-bei

2021, 60(21):  21-25.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.004

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Cinnamomi ramulus is an indispensable medicine in many classic prescriptions in China. It mainly contains volatile oil, organic acids and coumarins. Cinnamaldehyde in the essential oil is the main effective component of Cinnamomi ramulus, and also the main active component for antimicrobial activity. Other components in Cinnamomi ramulus, such as cinnamic acid, coumarin, protocatechuic acid, eugenol and cinnamyl alcohol, also have antimicrobial activity activity. Through consulting the relevant literature, the main antibacterial components, antimicrobial effect and mechanism of action of Cinnamomi ramulus were sorted and analyzed to provide reference for clinical application, new medicinal value mining and resource development and utilization of Cinnamomi ramulus.

Effects of LncRNA on embryonic development

ZHANG Yan-di, REN Hong-yan, BI Yan-zhen

2021, 60(21):  26-29.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.005

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Long non-coding RNA （LncRNA） is a class of genomic transcripts with a transcript length of more than 200 nt but no protein-coding ability. Studies have shown that LncRNA can regulate gene expression at pre-transcriptional, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and participate in epigenetic modification, X chromosome dose compensation and genomic imprinting. Embryonic development is a complex and orderly process, which is affected by a series of events, such as maternal to zygotic transition （MZT） and zygotic genome activation （ZGA）. Current studies suggest that LncRNA can affect embryonic development by participating in oocyte maturation, spermatogenesis, ZGA, and regulating the pluripotency of Embryonic stem cells （ESCs）. The research progress on the mechanism of LncRNA in embryonic development was reviewed, which laid the foundation for a comprehensive analysis of the mechanism of LncRNA heterogeneity in preimplantation embryos and its association with cell fate determination.

Breeding & Cultivation

Preliminary reports on embryo rescue of interspecific hybrid between Oryza longistaminata and cultivated rice

ZHA Zhong-ping, ZHENG Xing-fei, ZHOU Li, WANG Hong-bo, YIN De-suo, HU Jian-lin, DONG Hua-lin, YOU Ai-qing, XU De-ze

2021, 60(21):  30-32.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.006

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Hybrid fine cultivated rice restorer lines as female parent with Oryza longistaminata, young hybridized embryos 7~9 days after pollination were cultured in vitro. A total of 450 young embryos were inoculated, and a total of 438 well-developed and robust green seedlings were obtained. The embryo rescue efficiency was 97.3%. After 20 days, when the tissue culture seedlings were about 8~10 cm, the seedlings were transferred to the seedling tray through indoor hardening.10 days later, 438 seedlings were transplanted, and 434 survived with a survival rate of 99.1%.

Practice and discussion on stereo planting and raising mode of rice,frog,loach and fish

CHEN Zhan-peng, LI Xing-hua, CAI Zheng-jun, ZHANG Wen-chao, ZHANG Zhong-nan

2021, 60(21):  33-34.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.007

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Rice, frog, loach and fish stereo planting and raising is a new mode of paddy comprehensive planting and breeding, which has a good development trend in the Yangtze River Basin. Based on the practice of rice, frog, loach and fish stereo planting and raising in Huanggang from 2018 to 2020, the technical characteristic of this mode was introduced,development problems were analyzed,and suggestions for sustainable development were proposed, in order to provide basis for extension and application of rice, frog, loach and fish stereo planting and raising mode.

Analysis of the adaptability,stability and quality of new peanut variety Dupihong

LI Ning, WANG Ming-hui, XIA Zhen-zhou, TANG Wen-chao, XU Hua-tao

2021, 60(21):  35-38.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.008

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Based on the results of peanut variety screening test from 2018 to 2019, the variation coefficient, correlation coefficient and regression coefficient of main agronomic characters and yield of Dupihong and the control variety Zhonghua 16 were analyzed to compare their stability and adaptability, and the quality of Dupihong was analyzed to promote the popularization and application of this variety in production. The results showed that the high and stable yield of Dupihong were lower than that of the control variety, which may be related to its small grain peanut; The yield regression coefficient of Dupihong was smaller than that of the control variety, and the regression intercept was larger than that of the control variety, which showed that Dupihong had special adaptability and was more suitable for planting at low fertility level.Increasing the total number of fruits, productivity per plant, 100-fruit weight, 100-kernel weight and full-fruit weight rate could effectively increase the yield of Dupihong. Its main stem and side branches were longer, and the number of branches and fruiting branches were more, which had a certain inhibitory effect on its yield; The contents of sucrose, palmitic acid, behenic acid, stearic acid and arachidic acid in cortex ulmi red were lower than those in common peanuts; The protein content of Dupihong was 26.44%, which accorded with the standard of the protein content of edible peanut kernel （>26.0%）. From the comprehensive quality, Dupihong is more suitable for food processing and leisure peanuts.

Effects of different fertilization level and planting density on yield and main agronomic traits of soybean Zhongdou 44

YANG Fang, WANG Ai-ai, HE Nian, ZHOU Yi, LIU Xin, CHEN Yong, DENG Jun-bo

2021, 60(21):  39-42.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.009

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Soybean variety Zhongdou 44 was used as the material, adopt a two-factor randomized block experiment to study the effects of fertilizer amount and planting density on the yield and agronomic characteristics of Zhongdou 44. The results showed that the difference between treatments with different planting densities reached a high significant level, the difference between treatments with different fertilizer rates did not reach a significant level, and the interaction between fertilizer rates and planting densities did not have a significant impact on the yield of Zhongdou 44. At the planting density of 250,500 plants/hm² to 501,000 plants/hm², the yield of Zhongdou 44 increased with the increase of planting density, the number of main stem nodes and the grain weight per plant decreased to different degrees with the increase of planting density, and at the planting density of 667,500 plants/hm² the yield was the lowest. In Jingmen, when Zhongdou 44 was planted with 450 kg/hm² compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, and the highest yield was obtained with planting density of 501,000 plants/hm².

Resource & Environment

Study on the mesoscale characteristics and predcasts of a rainstorm disaster in Hunan province

LIAO Chun-hua, LIU Hong-wu, XU Jing-yu

2021, 60(21):  43-48.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.010

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Using conventional and encrypted observation data, radar data and NCEP re-analysis data, the mid-scale characteristics and the forecasting ability of different numerical prediction models in the course of an agricultural rainstorm were analyzed in the summer of 2018 in Hunan province.The results showed that the rainstorm process was composed frontal rainfall and warm zone rainfall, and there was no obvious rapids in both forms. More than 40 dBZ of strong precipitation echo band position was stable, forming obvious train effect, more than 50 dBZ of multiple strong echo monomers were constantly evolving, low-mass precipitation echo, middle-low-layer warm upper-cold atmospheric instability layer, higher VIL were favorable conditions for heavy precipitation. The mesoscale filtering experiment could better separate the mesoscale weather system, and different schemes had different effects. For frontal rainfall, both the large-scale model and the mesoscale model had better prediction effect on precipitation falling area, while the mesoscale model was more accurate to simulate precipitation intensity. For local heavy rainfall in warm zone, the large scale model forecast deviation was large and unstable, and the mesoscale model could capture some information, which could be referred to weather forecast.

Effects of cold waterlogged paddy field improvement on soil temperature and rice yield composition in Southeast Hubei

YANG Han, XIA Xian-ge, HUANG Zhi-mou, QU He-ping, ZHANG Zhi-sheng, QIN Xiao-yin, LI Yu-wei

2021, 60(21):  49-52.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.011

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In order to study the improvement effect of the warm field technology of “ditching drainage, alkali application to acid, micro-fertilizer control, micro fertilizer regulation and straw returning” on the improvement of cold soaked rice fields in Southeast Hubei, three treatments were set up as conventional technology mode （CK）,warm field technology model （T1） and micro-fertilizer improved technology mode （T2）,to clarify the influence of T1 and T2 on the soil temperature and yield composition of cold soaked fields. The results showed that compared with CK, T1 and T2 had a warming effect on the ground temperature of different soil depths; T1 and T2 could increase tiller, effective panicle and rice yield, T1 had the better effect of increasing rice yield; T1 could advance the growth period of rice, reduce risk of tight stubble in double cropping rice machine.

Study on the effect of extra root topdressing liquid fertilizer on one year sealing of newly-built tea plantation

CHEN Qing-hua, ZHANG Qiang, DAI Ju-hui, HU Shuang-ling, LUO Hong

2021, 60(21):  53-55.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.012

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Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of extra root topdressing different liquid fertilizers of newly-built tea plantations. The results showed that extra root topdressing different liquid fertilizers could increase the survival rate of tea seedlings after transplanting, and the survival rate could reach 95.71%-98.57%. In one year, tea seedlings could reach plant height of 30 cm, stem diameter of 5-6 mm, 3-4 new branch, branch length of 20 cm, tree width of 25-30 cm, and root length of 8 cm. The effect of sealing small rows in the tea garden could be realized within a year.

Application effect of controlled-release mixed fertilizer reduced use for peanut

LI Hong-mei, JIANG Xiang-guo, GUO Kai, HU Zhu-juan

2021, 60(21):  56-58.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.013

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Based on the standard fertilization amount of peanut controlled-release mixed fertilizer, six fertilization treatments were set up. Treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4 were peanut controlled-release mixed fertilizer 750, 675, 600 and 450 kg/hm² respectively, treatment 5 was ordinary ternary compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm², and treatment 6 was no fertilization. The reduction and efficiency of controlled-release mixed fertilizer was investigated. The results showed that the yields of peanut controlled-release mixed fertilizer increased significantly. Compared with treatment 6, the yield of treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4 increased by 19.6%, 18.8%, 18.2% and 14.8%. Compared with treatment 5, treatment 1, 2 and 3 increased production more. With the decrease of the application level of peanut controlled-release mixed fertilizer, the peanut yield decreased, but the reduction was not significant. The profit of peanut controlled-release mixed fertilizer 600 kg/hm² （reduced application by 20%） was higher than that of other treatments, which was an ideal scheme for reducing application and increasing efficiency.

Soil quality monitoring and diagnosis analysis of eggplant and Chinese cabbage rotation system under different fertilization treatments

DU Lei, WANG Su-ping, ZHANG Gui-you, CHEN Gang, HUANG Xiang, JIANG Li, CHENG Wei-shun, LUO Xi, ZHANG Li-hong, HONG Juan

2021, 60(21):  59-63.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.014

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The effects of three different fertilization treatments on the soil quality of the eggplant and Chinese cabbage rotation pattern were monitored and diagnosed by the field plot test. The results showed that through monitoring and diagnosis of soil physical and chemical properties of two crops,the trend of soil physical indexes in the eggplant season was coincident with the Chinese cabbage season. Fertilization could improve the soil physical properties, the recommended fertilization（OPT） treatment effect was more effective. Compared with the no fertilizer control（CK）,OPT treatment significantly reduced the soil bulk density,increased soil porosity,saturated water content and field water holding capacity （P<0.05）. All fertilization treatments had soil acidification,FP treatment was the most significant,and the soil pH was reduced by 13.01% compared with CK. The nutrients in each treatment increased with the extension of planting time. After the two rotation of the species,the electrical conductivity（EC）value, total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity（CEC） of the FP treatment and OPT treatment were significantly higher than CK（P<0.05）, but the exchangable calcium and magnesium contents were no significant difference with CK treatment（P>0.05）. The content of soil organic matter was significantly higher in the OPT treatment than in the FP treatment and CK（P<0.05）, which was 54.87% higher than CK. The results proved that replacing part of fertilizer with organic fertilizer could improve soil quality.

The soil fertility characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of tobacco-growing areas in Xiangyang city

XU Rui, LU Hong-liang, WANG Zhen, GUO Li, CAO Li-jun, WANG Xiao-li

2021, 60(21):  64-68.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.015

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In order to clarify the status of tobacco planting soil fertility in Xiangyang city, five nutrient indices of 961 soil samples from three tobacco-growing areas were tested and analyzed in 2019. The weight of each soil nutrient index was determined by principal component analysis method, and the comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility was conducted by using the membership function of fuzzy mathematics. The results showed that the proportion of soil pH in the suitable range was 41.73%. The contents of available potassium and phosphorus were relatively sufficient, reaching 60.87% and 66.29% respectively in the high level range. The proportion of organic matte in the high level range was only 18.73%, slightly less than the average. The proportion of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the high level range was 34.96%. The average of comprehensive evaluation indexes of tobacco planting soil was 0.58, the coefficient of variation was 31.28%. Comprehensive fertility of 80.85% tobacco planting soils was in the medium or above level. So most of the tobacco planting soil was suitable for high-quality tobacco cultivation in Xiangyang city.

Analysis of nutrient input and soil nutrient content in pear orchard of Lichuan city

CHEN Qi-liang, YANG Xiao-ping, FAN Jing, MOU Bing-xi, ZHANG Jing-guo, HU Hong-ju, CHEN Ji-fu, TIAN Ya-qin

2021, 60(21):  69-72.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.016

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In order to understand the nutrient input and soil nutrient content of pear orchard in Lichuan city, the fertilizer input and soil nutrient content of 18 representative pear orchard producing areas in Lichuan city were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the average total input of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O in pear orchard were 724.35, 349.80 and 382.95 kg/hm² respectively, and the nutrient input ratio of N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O was 1∶0.48∶0.53. The average input of N, P and K in fertilizer accounted for 88.40%, 89.54% and 88.44% of the total nutrient input. The average pH value of pear orchard soil was 5.12, and most of the soil was highly acidic. In the top soil of pear orchard, the content of organic matter and available phosphorus were above medium level, the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was polarized, and the content of available potassium was below the middle level. With the deepening of soil layer, soil nutrient decreased, and soil nutrient content of subsoil layer was on the low side as a whole. For average yield 45 000 kg/hm² as the target of pear garden in Lichuan, N, P₂O₅ and K₂O were recommended to be 450, 225 and 450 kg/hm² respectively, and organic nutrients accounted for 30%-50% of the total nutrients. Rational fertilization according to the rule of fertilizer requirement of pear tree, the soil pH was increased by applying alkaline fertilizer such as quicklime or plant ash, the soil organic matter content was increased by applying organic fertilizer and planting grass in orchard and the depth of basal fertilizer application was 30-60 cm.

Horticulture & Local Products

In vitro rapid propagation of axillary buds of Atractylodes macrocephala

LI Hong-ying, CHEN Fei-fei, YIN Hong-qing, QIN Da-ji, SUN Ju-zhi, YANG Yong-kang, XIANG Ji-qian, LI Ya-jie

2021, 60(21):  73-75.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.017

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The axillary buds and shoot tips of Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz were used as explants, and growth hormone （6-BA, NAA, etc.） with different concentrations were added to MS and 1/2 MS medium to induce differentiation and growth of the multiple shoots. Different concentrations of NAA and IBA were added to 1/4 MS medium for liquid rooting and strong seedling culture, and the cultured tube seedlings of Atractylodes macrocephala were transplanted. The results showed that the induction rate of tufted buds was 97.3% on the medium of 1/2 MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.4 mg/L NAA+0.3 mg/L IBA+0.6 mg/L GA₃ under 18 h/d and illuminance 1 800 lx. The highest value-added multiple is 16; Medium：1/4 MS+0.4 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L IBA, illumination 18 h/d, illuminance 1 900 lx, rooting rate up to 98.9%, the average number of rooting 8.5 per shoot; The survival rate of seedlings was more than 95%. The survival rate of transplanted nursery was 94%.

Study on the method of seed dormancy breaking in non-heading Chinese cabbage

GENG Qi-hua, SONG Li-ping, LIN Chu-fa, ZHANG Yu-yang, WANG Ai-hua

2021, 60(21):  76-80.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.018

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Two kinds of non-heading Chinese cabbage seeds, M62 and Hanyou, were taken as research objects to explore the effects of different physical, chemical and hormone treatments on breaking the dormancy of non-heading Chinese cabbage seeds. The results showed that impregnated with 0.8% and 1.6% KNO₃ could increase the germination rate of seeds to over 94%, and the seedlings grew vigorously. When GA concentration was lower than 1 000 mg/L, the dormancy was almost completely broken by soaking the seed for 24 h, and the seed germination rate was up to 99%. In the initiation treatment, it was found that 400 mg/L GA and 1.0% KNO₃ could completely break dormancy and the germination rate reached 100%. The seed soaking with concentrated pure sulfuric acid can effectively break the seed coat restriction without harming the embryo, and make the germination rate of M62 seed reach 100% and Hanyou seed reach over 95%.

The influence of soil nutrient status on Ehima No.28 quality in Hubei province

WANG Ce, SONG Fang, WANG Zhi-jing, HE Li-gang, JIANG Ying-chun, WU Li-ming

2021, 60(21):  81-86.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.019

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Taking Ehima No.28, a new citrus variety as the test material, the fruit quality of 15 orchards in different producing areas in Hubei province was analyzed in 2019, the soil nutrient element content of the orchards was determined. The results showed that there were obvious differences in fruit quality between Ehima No.28 in the test orchard, including single fruit weight, thick skin, transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter. And total soluble solid content （TSS） ranging from 10.23% to 14.13%; The titratable acid content （TA） ranges from 0.47% to 1.06%; The content of vitamin C （Vc） ranged from 27.17 to 48.22 mg/100 g. The solid acid ratio ranges from 11.9∶1~30.1∶1. Test orchard soil also had different nutritional status, soil organic matter （OM）, alkaline hydrolytic N and effective Zn content in appropriate range, the content of rapidly-available P and rapidly-available K in most orchards was excessive, all orchard soil effective content of Fe, Mn and Cu effectively were beyond the appropriate range, the content of soil exchangeable Ca and exchangeable Mg is large, the soil effective B and Mo content is generally low; Correlation analysis showed that the fruit of TSS was significantly positive correlation with soil organic matter content, effective B content in the soil with the transverse diameter of fruit weight, fruit and longitudinal diameter was significantly positively related to both, Vc content and exchangeable Ca content in soil was significantly negative correlation, the skin thickness and soil effective Cu content is significantly negative correlation, alkaline hydrolysis N and available K content in soil was significantly positively related to soil organic matter content of OM and exchangeable Mg was significantly positively, this further indicates that the fruit quality of the new variety Ehima No.28 is significantly different under the influence of soil nutritional status, and various elements in the soil also interact with each other.

Survey report on germplasm resources of Vernicia fordii in China’s main producing areas

SHANG Hai, HUANG Rui-chun, MI Xiao-qin, TANG Fang-you, HAN Hua-bo, YANG Hong-biao, LI Ping, OUYANG Li, YIN Hua-yan, WANG Cheng-nan

2021, 60(21):  87-90.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.020

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The current germplasm resources of Vernicia fordii in China was explored. The V. fordii germplasm in Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Guangdong were collected and surveyed in 2017—2018. The current germplasm resources of V. fordii in China was almost clear. The constructive suggestion and measurement for V. fordii germplasm protection was released based on the analysis of current resources.

Animal Science

Effects of the upright/pendulous comb of Jianhan chicken A line on their production traits

SHEN Jie, HUANG Tao, PAN Ai-luan, WU Yan, PI Jin-song, LIANG Zhen-hua, SUN Jing, ZHANG Hao, PU Yue-jin, XIE Zi-han

2021, 60(21):  91-93.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.021

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In order to explore the effect of comb upright/pendulous of Jianghan chicken A line on production performance, the observation data, including the comb upright/pendulous, comb thickness and comb height, age and weight at the first egg, and egg number at 40 weeks were recorded. It was found that the frequency of the left and right pendulous of the comb were adjacent, accounting for 1/4 individuals with the upright comb. The statistical results by one-way anova analysis showed that the comb height and comb thickness were to a certain extent, could explain the reason of comb pendulous. Age at the first egg, egg number at 40 weeks have no significant association with the traits of comb upright/pendulous traits. This study shows that in the cage-rearing mode of Jianghan chicken A line, the upright/pendulous of their comb has no effect on their production performance.

Effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharide on renal tissue structure of aging mice induced by D-galactose

LIU Xin-yong, LI Mu-lan, HUANG Jia-lin, WANG Xin-yu, TANG Xiao-chuan, WANG Xiao-li

2021, 60(21):  94-96.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.022

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In order to investigate the effect of Gynostemma pentaphyllum polysaccharide （GPP） on the renal tissue structure of aging mice induced by D-galactose （D-gal）, paraffin section and HE staining were used to observe and analyze the glomerular diameter and renal capsule width in kidney. The results showed that in D-gal group, the glomeruli were significantly atrophied, the diameter of glomeruli became smaller, the lumen of renal tubules around the renal corpuscle was obvious, and the boundary of epithelial cells on the wall was unclear. GPP groups could significantly improve the structure of kidney damage, glomerular morphology tends to normal, the structure of renal tubules around the recovery. Statistical analysis showed that the glomerular diameter of GPP groups was significantly higher than that of D-gal group （P<0.05）, and there was no significant difference in glomerular diameter among the GPP groups. Compared with D-gal group, the width of renal capsule in 50 mg/（kg·d） group and 100 mg/（kg·d） group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）. It turned out that GPP could recover the kidney injury induced by D-gal, and the structural morphology tended to be normal; the diameter of glomerulus and the width of renal capsule could be improved, which indicated that GPP had a certain protective effect on the renal tissue structure of aging mice induced by D-gal.

Detection Analysis

Analysis and comparison of volatile components of Cinnamomum cassia Presl by HS-SPME-GC-MS

WEI Lu-ling, XIE Feng-feng, HUANG Piao-ling, REN Jia-ni, TENG Jian-bei

2021, 60(21):  97-102.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.023

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The volatile components of Cinnamomi cortex, Cinnamomi ramulus and fructus Cinnamomi were extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction （HS-SPME）. The volatile components of Cinnamomi cortex, Cinnamomi ramulus and fructus Cinnamomi were qualitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The results showed that 22 volatile components were identified from Cinnamomi cortex, 17 from Cinnamomi ramulus and 20 from fructus Cinnamomi. Cinnamaldehyde in Cinnamomi cortex, Cinnamomi ramulus and fructus Cinnamomi, and cinnamaldehyde in Cinnamomum cassia L. was the highest, accounting for 32.14%, 87.74% and 79.90%, respectively. There are similarities and differences in volatile chemical components and contents among Cinnamomi cortex, Cinnamomi ramulus, fructus Cinnamomi. This study provides a scientific basis for the further development and utilization of Cinnamomi cortex, Cinnamomi ramulus, fructus Cinnamomi.

Determination of 15 pesticide residues in edible vegetable oil by a QuEChERS-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

ZHANG Xian, ZHANG Jun-xian, HU Xi-zhou

2021, 60(21):  103-106.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.024

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To establish a method of QuEChERS-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for detection of the 15 kinds of pesticide residues in edible vegetable oil. The sample was extracted and purified by QuEChERS method, extracted with acidified acetonitrile, purified by PSA and C18 matrix dispersion, simultaneously measured by the selected ion mode, and quantified by external standard method. The results showed that the good linear ranges of 15 pesticides were 0.050 0~0.500 0 μg/mL and the correlation coefficients were 0.995 3~0.999 3. The average recoveries were in the range of 83.4%~106.8%. The relative standard deviations were between 2.4% and 4.8%. The limits of quantification were in range of 0.030~0.088 μg/mL. The method is simple, accurate, and rapid, and it can meet the needs of simultaneous detection of 15 pesticide residues in vegetable oil.

Study on the DNS method for measuring the content of doped sucrose in tea

ZHANG Xun, WANG Jing, DING Hua, LIU Jiao, YANG Jie, ZHOU You-xiang

2021, 60(21):  107-111.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.025

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A method for the determination of sucrose in tea was established. The tea was soaked in hot water, potassium ferrocyanide and zinc acetate were precipitated to remove interferences such as protein, hydrolyzed by hydrochioric acid,developed by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid （DNS）, and compared with spectrophotometer color determination. The results show that, take about 5 g of tea leaves, add 50 mL of tertiary water, place in a 45 ℃ water bath, shake and extract for 1 hour, take the tea soup, centrifuge at 3 000 r/min for 3 minutes, filter the tea soup, dilute the volume to 100 mL, measure the total sugar and reducing sugar by DNS method, and calculate the sucrose content by the minusing. In 5 g of tea, when 10 mg and 50 mg of sucrose were added, the recoveries were 117.60% and 91.22%, respectively. The relative standard deviation of 5 samples of the same tea was 2.47%, and the detection limit of the method was less than 2 mg/g. In the test of 20 tea samples, the artificially added sucrose can be clearly distinguished from normal tea samples. The method has good sensitivity and reproducibility, low operation requirements, and practical application value.

Extraction and content determination of imperatorin from Clausena lansinm root

LU Zheng-lin, HUANG Rui-song, WUSHI Hai-yan

2021, 60(21):  112-115.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.026

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The content rate of imperatorin from Clausena lansinm root was used as the study object, the chromatographic conditions such as chromatographic column, mobile phase and detection wavelength were explored, the preparation conditions of the sample solution were optimized by single factor experiment and orthogonal design, the content of imperatorin from Clausena lansinm root was determined. The chromatographic column was Phenomenex Gemini NXC₁₈ （5 μm, 4.6 mm×250 mm）; The mobile phase was methanol-water （55∶45）; The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detection wavelength was set at 300 nm with column temperature of 25 ℃. The extract methods was ultrasonic extraction, the fragmentation degree was acrossing the fourth sieve, extraction solvent was 100% methanol, and extraction time was 30 min. The linear range was 0.065 6~1.640 0 μg（r=0.999 8） and the average recovery was 97.2% with RSD of 0.89%（n=6） for imperatorin. The method can be used to determine the content of imperatorin in Clausena lansinm root.

Information Engineering

Embedded data acquisition system for carbon fixation of bamboo forest

HOU Zhi-kang, YANG Yu-quan, HAN Bin

2021, 60(21):  116-121.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.027

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Based on micrometeorology and vorticity correlation method, a remote real-time carbon sink data monitoring system based on embedded bamboo forest was designed in combination with the continuous and dynamic sensing information requirements of carbon flux. The hardware platform of the system used the core control module based on S5PV210. The software platform used embedded Linux operating system and QT as the main technology. The experimental results showed that the system, combined with the carbon sink monitoring system model, could provide an effective information monitoring means for carbon sink monitoring in bamboo forest areas, with good flexibility and real-time performance. The remote and real-time monitoring of the carbon flux in bamboo forest ecosystem will lay a foundation for establishing a quantitative monitoring platform for carbon emissions and carbon sinks in bamboo forest and publishing regional carbon budget information in real time.

Retrieval of soil moisture in Yanqi Basin based on TVDI and VSWI models with different vegetation indices

DILIHUMAER·Ahanmujiang, YUSUFUJIANG·Rusuli, MAIHEMUTIJIANG·Weijidan, ZHANG Fa, CHENG Shi-xue, YAXIAER·Aisikeer

2021, 60(21):  122-129.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.028

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This article take the Yanqi Basin in Xinjiang as an example, in this paper Landsat 8 OLI data was used to calculate the normalized vegetation index （NDVI）, enhanced vegetation index （EVI）, modified soil adjusted vegetation index （MSAVI）, soil adjusted vegetation index （SAVI） and land surface temperature （Ts）, establishes TVDI model and VSWI model were applied to retrieve the soil moisture of Yanqi Basin, compared to the adaptability of different soil moisture retrieval models and the spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture in Yanqi Basin were further analyzed. The results show that establishing the spatial characteristics of NDVI-Ts, MSAVI-Ts, SAVI-Ts and EVI-Ts and the scatter points of NDVI-Ts, MSAVI-Ts, SAVI-Ts and EVI-Ts conform to the relationship of triangles with R² above 0.83; TVDI and VSWI were calculated by NDVI, MSAVI, SAVI and EVI have negative correlation with RSM data of 0~10 cm soil relative humidity, and the two models showed high consistency. TVDI and VSWI retrieved by MSAVI have the highest correlation,R²=0.296,R²=0.235,respectively; The Yanqi Basin was mainly featured with semi-arid （0.6<TVDI, VSWI<0.8） and arid characteristics（TVDI, VSWI>0.8）; The spatial pattern of soil moisture： Normal phenomena appear in the middle of the Yanqi Basin, and arid areas mainly distributed in the southeast and northeast. TVDI and VSWI models are applicable for the inversion of soil moisture in the Yanqi Basin and the research results provide better reference information for the study of water resources and ecological environment in Yanqi Basin.

Characterization of sap flow of wood borer attacked trees in relation to environmental factors

YANG Tao, WU Bin

2021, 60(21):  130-134.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.029

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This research aims to explore the response relationship of trunk sap flow to environmental factors such as air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, analyze the characteristics of sap flow under the erosion of stem borers, and make preliminary explorations for the application of sap flow research in pests and diseases. The self-developed heat pulse velocity （HPV） sap flow meter was used to measure the daily sap flow in the trunk of the street tree Sapindus mukorossi, Michelia chapensis, and Ginkgo biloba, and the environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and wind speed are simultaneously measured by the ecological environment parameter data acquisition instrument. The healthy wood sap flow of each tree species was significantly correlated with factors such as temperature, humidity, and saturated vapor pressure deficit （VPD） （P<0.05）, while the change of the damaged wood sap flow was weakly affected by environmental factors, and the peak sap flow is lower than healthy wood. The consistency index D between the affected and healthy trees were 0.897, 0.913, and 0.937, respectively. RMSE were 8.561, 4.617, 2.594, and MAE were 5.527, 3.153, 1.663. The HPV method can effectively measure the dynamic changes of tree sap flow. The daily pattern of stem sap flow of the wood damaged tree changed significantly, and the degree of the response to environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and VPD was weakened.

Research of method of quality traceability in grain logistics process

PENG Yuan, LIU Shen, ZHAO Bi, DONG Ting-ting, ZHANG Dong-hui

2021, 60(21):  135-139.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.030

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During the transportation of bulk grain, it may be transported multiple times by trucks, trains and ships, many times of loading and unloading, changes in transportation methods, changes in the long-distance external environment, will affect the quality of grain. It is difficult to obtain information during the transportation process. Assess the risk of changes in food quality. Existing research work mainly focuses on the business process of grain logistics and information system framework, and does not focus on the actual food logistics business scenarios. This article mainly discusses the quality traceability method in the grain logistics process, builds a grain logistics traceability information system based on the inventory grain identification code, and is dedicated to solving the key issue of quality traceability in the bulk grain in transit logistics process.

Biological Engineering

Polymorphism and bioinformatics analysis of MC4R gene in Macheng black goat

GUO Shuai, YANG Juan, LIU Shi-yu, YANG Feng-li, XIONG Qi, WANG Zhao-xiong

2021, 60(21):  140-145.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.031

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MC4R （melanocortin receptor-4） is a G protein coupled receptor secreted by hypothalamus, which regulates feed intake and body weight of animals. In order to study the genetic specificity of Macheng black goat, MC4R gene polymorphism was detected by sequencing, and biological characteristics of MC4R were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that there were 8 mutation sites of MC4R gene in Macheng black goat, namely C144T, T189A, A612G, C617A, C649G, C684A, T784A and C813A. According to the analysis of physicochemical properties, the amino acid sequence of MC4R contains a hydrophobic region and has seven transmembrane structures. The secondary structural elements encoding the protein are mainly the α Helix and irregular curl. The amino acid sequence alignment of MC4R among different species showed that the sequence similarity between Macheng black goat and sheep was 97.82%, and that between Macheng black goat and cattle was 94.50%, indicating that MC4R was a conserved protein and plays an important role in animal growth and development. In this study, eight MC4R gene mutation sites were obtained by sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis was carried out, which provided a theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of MC4R and its natural mutants affecting goat growth and metabolism.

Genome-wide identification of the SPL gene family in Rosa chinensis and expression analysis

ZHANG Yu-xin, LI Hui, ZHANG Meng, SONG Xiang, YU You, YU Ma, CHEN Hua

2021, 60(21):  146-151.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.032

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RcSPL family members were identified from the genome of Rosa chinensis, and phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis, gene structure analysis and expression pattern analysis of transcriptome level were applied for further analysis. The results showed that seventeen SPL genes named RcSPL1~RcSPL17 in Rosa chinensis were found out and they were divided into Ⅰ~Ⅷ subgroups according to the phylogenetic analysis. The original prediction of cis-acting element found that the upstream 2 000 bp of the RcSPL gene contained 2~13 MYB and MYC sites. Expression analysis found that RcSPL1 might regulate rose pollen formation, while RcSPL3 might be involved in regulating Rosa chinensis flowering time. Subgroup II carry the most conserved motifs and exons and may perform important functions during flowering. RcSPL genes could interact with MYB and MYC to regulate flower growth and development.

Economy & Management

Study on ecological compensation standard based on opportunity cost and ecosystem service value accounting：A case study of Xin’an river basin

DAI Jia-yuan, HU Shu-heng, ZHANG Bei-er, YANG Qing

2021, 60(21):  152-157.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.033

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Ecological compensation is an innovative environmental policy, which can improve the quality of ecological environment and enhance the basin’s capacity for sustainable development by coordinating the economic interests of all subjects. Thus, it’s of great importance to research on ecological compensation standard according to local conditions. Taking Xin’an river basin as an example, this paper firstly carried out the opportunity cost of Huangshan city in the upper reaches of the river basin, then calculated the total ecosystem service value according to the revised compensation factor of Xin’an river basin on the basis of defining the compensation range of ecosystem service function in the basin, and finally introduced the development stage coefficient model to determine the threshold value of ecological compensation standard. The results show that the lower limit of ecological compensation in Xin’an river basin from 2013 to 2017 is 0.524 billion~1.265 billion yuan, and the upper limit of ecological compensation is 2.406 billion~3.422 billion yuan. Based on the results and the current situation of ecological compensation and the needs of economic and social development, some countermeasures and suggestions for determining ecological compensation standard, rising compensation funds and building the legal system of river basin in the future are put forword.

Spatial distribution,evolution and spillover effect of urban innovation capacity in Hunan province

SHI Song-lin, WEN Yan-ping, SONG Xiao-qing

2021, 60(21):  158-165.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.034

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With the development of economy and science and technology, urban innovation ability has gradually become the main driving force of urban development and an important factor for cities and countries to gain competitive advantages and rapid development. Taking 14 prefecture-level cities in Hunan province as examples, the development level spatial distribution and spatial evolution characteristics of urban innovation ability of prefecture-level cities in Hunan province from 2009 to 2018 were discussed from five aspects：innovation input, innovation output and effectiveness, innovative talents and science and education resources, industrial technology innovation ability and the level of openness and collaboration. The spatial econometric model （SLM, SEM） was useded to analyze the spatial spillover effect of urban innovation ability on economic development. The results show that, The city of Hunan province urban innovation ability had improved significantly, the overall spatial had been continuously reduced, and the spatial agglomeration situation had weakened. The city innovation ability had obvious zonality gradually increasing from west to east, and the Chang-Zhu-Tan city group was the core area of innovation development in the province. The improvement of urban innovation ability in cities and neighboring cities had a positive spillover effect on economic development.

The integration and upgrading of agricultural resources under the background of urban integration in Wuhan metropolitan area：Take Tianmen city as an example

ZHONG Ming, XU Bi-jing, GUO Shao-jun

2021, 60(21):  166-170.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.035

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Based on the strategic demand of the co-urbanization development of Wuhan metropolitan area, this paper discussed the integration and upgrading path of regional agricultural resources under the background of the co-urbanization development, and taked Tianmen city, a member of “1+8” Wuhan metropolitan area, as the research object, based on the principle of highlighting local characteristics and docking effective demand, this paper analyzed the present situation and restrictive factors of the industrial development of the base, so as to formulate the development countermeasures of agricultural industry in the “1+8” region of Wuhan metropolitan area, and realize the efficient utilization of resources, the development of industrial clusters, complete standard system, the promotion of the integration of three industries, strong regional brand and the integration into the business circle through the research of industrial positioning, industrial planning and development measures. It also put forward relevant strategies for connecting the urbanization development of Wuhan metropolitan area and the promotion of agricultural industry, in order to provide reference for the implementation of the regional development layout of “one main leading, two wings driving and global coordination” in Hubei province.

Managing villages：The practical logic of village collective management：A case study based on Zhejiang province

HUANG He-xiao, ZHANG Ming-sheng, LI Bao-zhi, ZHU Qi-biao

2021, 60(21):  171-176.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.036

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Under the discourse of good rural governance, managing villages as the core connotation of rural governance has aroused more discussion. As the main body of managing villages, village collective has the advantages of mobilization, organization and resource allocation. Based on the analysis of the management situation of 10 villages in Zhejiang province and the relative control degree of village collective, this paper put forward two types of managing villages：Collective management and cooperative management. Among them, the type of collective operation has always been the main body of managing villages, and the type of cooperative operation between village and enterprise has the trend of accelerating. After a comprehensive analysis, three enlightenment are put forward. Firstly, enterprises entering villages should try their best to take the collective of village community as the “agent” to reduce the relationship cost. Secondly, the village collective needs to promote the realization of the dual wheel drive of rural governance and managing villages. Lastly, village management needs overall planning to activate rural resources.

Construction of evaluation index system of the influence of rural financial development on rural economic growth

ZHANG Jun-you

2021, 60(21):  177-182.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.037

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In order to study the impact mechanism of rural financial development on rural economic growth, explore the relationship between them, and promote the positive interaction between rural finance and rural economic growth. Based on the summarization of relevant researches of scholars at home and abroad, this research established an evaluation index system for the impact of rural financial development on rural economic growth in the case of H province, introduced the VAR vector autoregressive econometric analysis method, and built a model for both. The relationship between the two was described to quantitatively analyze the impact of rural financial development on rural economic growth. Through the test of cointegration relationship, there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between rural financial development and rural economic growth. Rural finance development plays an important positive impact on rural economy growth. The most important impact on rural economic growth is the scale of rural financial development factors, through the impulse response analysis, it is found that the development level of rural financial in H province lags behind the level of rural economic growth. Combined with the problems in rural economic growth and financial development in H province, the corresponding countermeasure recommendations are put forward.

Research on performance evaluation of agricultural science and technology achievements transformation funds based on improved analytic hierarchy process

ZHANG Rong-qing, WANG Ke-qi

2021, 60(21):  183-187.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.038

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This research constructed a performance evaluation index system including four first-class indexes and eleven second-class indexes. At the same time, genetic algorithm was used to optimize the consistency index of the traditional analytic hierarchy process, and a performance evaluation model of agricultural scientific and technological achievements transformation funds based on the improved analytic hierarchy process was constructed. The model was used to evaluate the transformation performance of agricultural scientific and technological achievements and the transformation performance of agricultural scientific and technological achievements in different technical fields. The results showed that the transformation process of agricultural scientific and technological achievements in China encountered bottlenecks, and the transformation efficiency of planting technology was the highest.

Comparative research of international competitiveness of China’s maritime transportation service trade：From the view of value added trade

XIE Yu-han, WANG Rui, WANG Ya-lun

2021, 60(21):  188-193.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.039

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Based on the WIOD input-output data from 2005 to 2014, this research calculates the export domestic added value of China’s marine service trade with eight other major sample countries through the non competitive input-output model, and evaluated the international competitiveness of China and its sample countries based on the adjusted IMS and RCA. The results show that the export domestic added value of China’s maritime service trade increases rapidly, but there is still a big gap with the United States. The growth rate of China’s IMS index is faster than that of France, Germany and Japan successively. The development potential of maritime service trade is great, but the RCA index is at a low level, and the maritime service trade has no competitive advantage. On this basis, it puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to enhance the international competitiveness of China’s maritime service trade.

Internal market integration,external market integration and regional economic development gap：An empirical study based on system GMM

YIN Jing-yu, WANG Chen-chen, DENG Shu-hong, ZHOU Xiao-ting

2021, 60(21):  194-200.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.040

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In order to find out the main reasons that affect the regional economic development gap in China, accelerate the realization of balanced economic development, firstly, by defining the research scope of market integration of key variables, the level of internal market integration and external market integration after segmentation was measured. Secondly, by constructing the dynamic panel model and using the generalized moment estimation GMM method, the impact of China’s regional market integration on regional economic development gap was demonstrated. Finally, based on the research perspective of market integration, some policy suggestions were explored to narrow the regional development gap. The empirical results show that the internal market integration has a nonlinear effect on the regional economic unbalanced growth. And the external market integration process is obviously faster than the internal market integration process, and different regions due to the implementation of different economic policies, there have been different stages of economic development momentum. At the same time, due to the evolution of the national market integration process in the different stages of development, and the region economic development difference of internal structure is not the same, and interaction of internal and external market integration to the coordinated development of regional economic has differences, namely the eastern and central regions play a role of the alternative, and the eastern region effect is more obvious; And the western region has played a complementary role.

Study on perceiving image of tourism destination of Qian Tomb based on the web text mining

LI Hong-bo, LIU Long-long

2021, 60(21):  201-205.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.041

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Tourism destination image has a direct bearing on tourists’ consumption decisions. An accurate understanding of tourists’ perception of tourism destination image is the basis for effectively improving the tourism destination image. Base on a sample online travel notes in Ctrip and the web text mining with analytic tools of ROST CM, this article analyzed the perceiving image of tourism destination of Qian Tomb from the following aspects： Word frequency, semantic web and emotion. Finally, the results were discussed and some suggestions to improve perceiving image of tourism destination of Qian Tomb were given accordingly.

Rural Revitalization

Talent revitalization：The realistic dilemma and breakthrough path of rural revitalization in Hubei province

WANG Xin-yue, WANG Qing

2021, 60(21):  206-210.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.042

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As a large agricultural province,talent revitalization is an important strategic task for Hubei province to adapt to the new stage of social development. Through field research,it is found that in the process of promoting the revitalization of talents in Hubei province, there are many restricting factors, such as the loss of young and middle-aged talents, the lack of high-quality professionals, the backwardness of rural education resources, the lack of leadership ability and so on. In view of the practical difficulties of rural revitalization in Hubei province, it puts forward the corresponding breakthrough paths, such as speeding up the training of new professional farmers, vigorously promoting the “three townships project”, exploring the customized mode of college students’ village officials, and establishing a multi-level education and training system.

Research on influencing factors of poverty alleviation effect of rural “agriculture+finance+e-commerce” under the rural revitalization strategy：A case study of Qianshan city

ZHANG Feng-shan

2021, 60(21):  211-216.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.21.043

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Poverty alleviation in rural areas is an important content of rural revitalization strategy.Under the guidance and support of the national poverty alleviation policy,the “agriculture+finance+e-commerce” model launched by Qianshan city has achieved good poverty alleviation effects, and the research on its specific impact factors is of far-reaching significance. Based on the field survey data of Qianshan city,this study analyzed the poverty alleviation effect of “agriculture + finance + e-commerce” in Qianshan city, and focused on the qualitative analysis and empirical test of the factors affecting the poverty alleviation effect of this model. It is found that the poverty alleviation effect of “agriculture+finance+e-commerce” in the rural areas of Qianshan city is jointly affected by a variety of factors, such as farmers’ personal characteristics,policy characteristics, financial and e-commerce enterprise characteristics, among which farmers’ personal characteristics represented by traditional ideas and education have the most greatest impact,and factors such as the utilization efficiency of poverty alleviation funds, the symmetry of credit information, the choice of commercial bank credit, and the amount of agricultural insurance purchased by farmers in the characteristics of policies and financial and e-commerce enterprises are also more significant. The influence of other factors is relatively weak.