HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Research progress of calmodulin binding site regulating cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels

YU Bing-qing, YAN Han-chi

2021, 60(20): 5-9. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.001

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Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels （CNGC） are non-selective cation channels, regulated by intracellular messenger small molecule cyclic nucleotides （cAMP and cGMP） and Ca²⁺/CaM. The allosteric regulation mechanism of mammalian CNGC function is affected by the binding of CaM, and mammalian CNGC has CaMBD at the cytoplasmic N and/or C-terminus. In plants side,most of the research has focused on the C-terminal CaM binding domain （CaMBD） that overlaps with the cyclic nucleotide binding domains of plant CNGC. However, recent studies on the model plant Arabidopsis CNGC12 has provided evidence that a single plant CNGC isoform has multiple CaMBDs. This review focuses on the research progress in the regulation of calmodulin binding sites in plant and animal cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels.

Research on the application of blockchain technology to solve the pain points of smart agriculture

LIU Hao, WU Zhi-ge

2021, 60(20): 10-15. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.002

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Based on the analysis of the characteristics and problems encountered in the development process of smart agriculture, the solution is discussed by using the characteristics of blockchain technology, such as traceability, decentralization, difficult tampering, openness and transparency. By using comparative method, case analysis method, inductive and deductive method and other methods, this paper explores how to apply blockchain technology to smart agriculture and how to better serve smart agriculture from the production, circulation, processing, financial services, consumption and other links of smart agriculture industry chain. The flow chart is used to analyze the logical process of the blockchain technology to solve the bottleneck of the development of smart agriculture, and at the same time, it discusses how to use the blockchain technology and smart agriculture to help solve some problems encountered in the practice of targeted poverty alleviation. Finally, some challenges that may be encountered in the application of blockchain technology in smart agriculture are summarized and corresponding countermeasures are proposed.

Effects of sowing date on growth,yield and utilization of temperature and light resources of “Si Te” late Indica rice

LU Hua-ping, LI Xing-hua, WANG Huan, CAI Xing-xing, ZHANG Sheng, ZHOU Qiang, ZHOU Nan

2021, 60(20): 16-19. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.003

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In order to investigate the effects of sowing date on growth and development, yield and utilization of temperature and light resources, determine appropriate direct seeding date of “Si Te” late Indica rice, a field experiment was carried out with 5 sowing dates and 4 “Si Te” late Indica rice materials. The results showed that the yield of “Si Te” late Indica rice was decreased with sowing date delay, and the main reason was that the total grain number per panicle decreased significantly with sowing date delay. Unless sowed on July 10, full heading could be safely achieved under other sowing dates. Temperature and light resources utilization rate of whole growth period were the highest on sowing date of June 20, and the lowest on June 30 or July 5. In consideration of yield, temperature and light resource utilization, security full heading and mature, June 20 is the best sowing date of “Si Te” late Indica rice, but considering crop arrangement and farming operation, the latest sowing date is July 5 of “Si Te” late Indica rice.

Application of the fully mechanized and efficient cultivation mode of corn in eastern of Liaoning

ZHANG Li-li, FAN Ye, XUE Bing-dong, FENG Guang, LU Bing-sheng, YAO Yong-xiang, YANG Hai-long, FU Jun, WANG Xiao-jie

2021, 60(20): 20-23. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.004

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In view of the problems in eastern of Liaoning, such as heavy rainfall, overcast rain and little sunshine during maize flowering, serious maize lodging, heavy occurrence of diseases and pests, and few varieties suitable for machine harvest, the techniques such as density-tolerant hybrid selecting, chemical regulation applying, no-tillage practice, nitrogen high efficiency utilization and seed coating controlling pests and diseases were studied from 2017 to 2019. Based on these techniques, maize dense planting, anti-logging, saving cost, high yield and efficient total mechanization operation technical model was built. This technical model applied in Baiqi and Baoshan area of Fengcheng from 2018 to 2019, the results showed that maize yield increased 15.9%~33.3%, plant anti-logging ability and stability improved, PFPN（Partial factor productivity from applied N） increased by 27.1%, maize mechanical kernel realized. At the harvest, the water content of kernel was 25%~28% and the average yield was 11 827.5 kg/hm², labor cost decreased and saved cost by 1 800~2 700 RMB per hectare. In summary, this technical model came true the objective of saving cost, increasing yield and efficiency in a green way of production, provided the technology support to the local maize production.

Analysis on the variation characteristics of diurnal temperature range and its influencing factors in Huanggang city from 1961 to 2018

GUO Li, YAN Kai-lin

2021, 60(20): 24-29. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.005

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Based on the data of daily average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature in Huanggang city from 1961 to 2018, the variation characteristics and influencing factors of diurnal temperature range in Huanggang city were analyzed. The results showed that in the past 58 years, the annual average diurnal temperature range in Huanggang city was 7.6 ℃, which showed a significant downward trend, and the climate tendency rate was -0.127 ℃/10 a; In the average diurnal temperature range of four seasons, it showed a slow upward trend in spring, and a downward trend in summer, autumn and winter, with the largest downward trend in summer. The annual average diurnal temperature range changed suddenly in 1978, which showed a significant decrease at first and then a slow increase, and there were 13 years low-frequency oscillation and 3~7 years high-frequency oscillation period in the past 58 years. The annual average diurnal temperature range was significantly positively correlated with sunshine hours, and significantly negatively correlated with precipitation, average water vapor pressure, average relative humidity and total clouds, each meteorological element changes the diurnal temperature range by affecting the maximum and minimum temperature.

Analysis of climate characteristics and human comfort changes in Tianmen city from 1955 to 2019

LIU Wang-ping, JU Ying-qin, MA De-li, HUANG Zhong

2021, 60(20): 30-34. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.006

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Based on the daily maximum temperature, average temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, sunshine, wind speed and other meteorological data in Tianmen city from 1955 to 2019, the variation characteristics of climate and human comfort in Tianmen city were analyzed. The results showed that the maximum temperature, average temperature and minimum temperature all showed a warming trend in Tianmen city, and the warming range was minimum temperature>average temperature>maximum temperature. The interdecadal variation characteristics of temperature tended to be consistent. The temperature was low from 1950s to 1990s and high since 1990s, but the temperature change tended to slow down after 2010. More than 80% of the years in Tianmen city, the number of suitable temperature days, the suitable grade of precipitation, the uniformity of precipitation season, the suitable grade of relative humidity and sunshine were excellent level. In recent 65 years, the temperature humidity index, wind efficiency index and comfort index showed an upward trend, and had been at the comfort level since the 1990s, reflected the climate characteristics of livable, business and tourism in Tianmen city.

Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 mass concentration in Luoyang city and their relationship with meteorological factors

ZHAO Jia-lun, ZHOU Shi-feng, LEI Ya-kai, FENG Yan, LIU Yi-ping, KONG De-zheng

2021, 60(20): 35-42. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.007

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Based on the mass concentration monitoring data of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ from seven state-controlled air quality monitoring stations in Luoyang city from 2017 to 2019, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of atmospheric particulate concentration and the influence of meteorological factors on it in the urban area of Luoyang city were studied. The results showed that the overall situation of environmental air pollution in Luoyang city urban area from 2017 to 2019 showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Among them, the overall situation of air quality in 2018 was the best, and the number of severely polluted days and above accounted for the lowest proportion of the effective days of the year; The number of polluted days decreased by 10 days compared with 2017, but increased by 31 days compared with 2018; The overall air quality situation of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentration changes in monthly averages were basically the same, and the changes in concentration were in a U-shaped distribution; PM₁₀ and PM_2.5the mass concentration changes had obvious seasonal characteristics. The mass concentration in winter was the highest, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest in summer; The mass concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ at the control sites in various countries also showed high in winter, followed by spring and autumn, and low in summer, the air pollution situation as a whole presented the distribution characteristics of high in northwest and low in southeast; Analysis of meteorological factors showed that ρ（PM_2.5） and ρ（PM₁₀） were negatively correlated with temperature; Relative humidity was negatively correlated with the mass concentration of PM₁₀, but it was positively correlated with the mass concentration of PM_2.5. When the relative humidity was 60%~70%, the mass concentration of PM_2.5 was greater; The mass concentration of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in the wind direction was southerly and southeast-southern, south-southwest wind and west-southwest wind were smaller. The changes in air pollution in Luoyang city from 2017 to 2019 were related to terrain, meteorological conditions and urbanization.

Air temperature variation and mutation analysis of the twenty-four solar terms in Gaochun over 50 years

KONG Wei-cai, SONG Ru-dong, LU Yi-lei, XIA Xiao-min

2021, 60(20): 43-47. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.008

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Based on the daily temperature data from 1970 to 2019 in Gaochun district, Nanjing city, using anomaly analysis, linear correlation analysis, M-K mutation test and other methods, the temperature change characteristics and the mutation of the 24 solar terms were analyzed （Insects awaken, Clear and bright, Grain buds, Grain in ear）. The results showed that the average temperature and the first and last day temperature of the 24 solar terms in Gaochun in recent 50 years showed obvious normal and unimodal characteristics, and the trend was consistent. Great heat and Great cold were the hottest and coldest solar terms of the year respectively. The temperature rises gradually from Great cold to Slight heat, and decreases gradually from Great heat to Slight cold. The temperature anomaly was mostly negative before the 1980s and positive after the 1990s. There was a sudden change in Insects awaken temperature in 1993, the rising trend became significantly larger, and there was a sudden change in warming in Grain buds in 1985. The temperature of each solar term showed a significant upward trend, which was consistent with the background of global warming. Agricultural activities of Gaochun district can be appropriately advanced.

Spatio-temporal evolution and interrelationship between underlying surface types and thermal environment in the main urban area of Shijiazhuang city

$\boxed{\hbox{YANG Peng}}$, CHENG Si-yang, GAO Qi, ZHI Li-hui, ZHANG Yan-pin, ZHOU Jing-bo, ZHOU Yang

2021, 60(20): 48-56. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.009

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Landsat 5 TM/Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS remote sensing data in 1987, 2004 and 2019 are used to analyze spatio-temporal evolution and interrelationship between underlying surface types and thermal environment in the main urban area of Shijiazhuang city, by using RS, GIS, landscape ecology and statistical analysis methods. The results show that green space and impervious surface are the main underlying surface types. With the development of urbanization, the area of green space is gradually decreasing, and the surface area of impermeable land gradually increases. The urban expansion rate in 2004—2019 was faster than 1987—2004. The transfer model shows that the urban area develops to the northeast, while the heat island area develops to the southeast. Hutuohe river’s water storage and greening project blocked the heat island area from spreading to the northeast. The lower land surface temperature （LST） is consistent with the distribution of green spaces and water bodies, and the higher LST is consistent with the distribution of impervious surface. For every 10% increase in the proportion of green space and water landscape （PLAND）, the average LST decreases by 0.69 ℃ and 0.93 ℃. For every 10% increase in impervious surface PLAND, the average LST increases by 0.75 ℃, and the water body cools down. The effect is higher than that of green space, the average LST of the four underlying surface types and PLAND, the largest patch index （LPI） and the aggregation index （AI） all show a consistent and extremely significant correlation. The green space and the water body are negatively correlated and impervious. The ground surface is positively correlated, and the proportion of landscape. Patch size, and degree of aggregation have a greater impact on LST. The type and structure of the underlying surface are the main reasons for the difference in the spatial distribution of the thermal environment.

Fine climate regionalization of pepper in Shawan county of Xinjiang based on GIS

WANG Sen, JING Li-jun, LIU Ji-jiang, LI Zhan-chao, ZHANG Shan-qing

2021, 60(20): 57-61. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.010

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Based on the climate data and geographic information data of Shawan county and its surrounding 15 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2018, ArcGIS software, regression analysis and fuzzy mathematics were used to construct fuzzy membership function for index factors such as the average temperature in July, ≥15 ℃ accumulated temperature, the days of minimum temperature ≤0 ℃ from April to May, and the days of maximum temperature ≥35 ℃ from June to August. Taking climate conditions and geographical factors into consideration, the climate resource distribution map and disaster risk level map were reclassified into four levels, namely 1, 2, 3 and 4, and fuzzy superposition was carried out to divide the pepper planting area in Shawan county into the most suitable area, the suitable area, the sub-suitable area and the unsuitable area. The results showed that the most suitable planting areas of pepper in Shawan county were mainly located on both sides of Shawan county railway and Wukui expressway; The suitable areas were in a few areas south of Wukui expressway and most areas north of central part; The sub suitable planting areas were mainly distributed in northern and southern narrow and long areas; The unsuitable planting areas were mainly distributed in northern desert area, southern low mountain and mid high mountain area, in order to improve the planting efficiency, cold tolerant varieties should be selected.

Risk assessment of agrometeorological disasters in winter wheat planting region： A case study of Henan province

LI Xue

2021, 60(20): 62-66. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.011

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On the basis of making full use of moving average method and GIS spatial data analysis method and other methods, the evaluation index of winter wheat meteorological disaster was determined, and the agricultural meteorological disaster risk assessment model based on the winter wheat planting area was constructed. Taking Henan province as an example, 14 stations were selected as sample data to assess the meteorological disasters of winter wheat. The results showed that the high-risk areas of drought in Henan province were mainly concentrated in Kaifeng and Anyang; The high-risk areas of dry hot wind were mainly concentrated in the north and central part of Henan province; And the high-risk areas of late frost were mainly distributed in the hilly areas of Henan province.

Land ecological security assessment based on PSR model and entropy weight method：A case study of Lanzhou city

MA Ting, SHAO Zhan-lin

2021, 60(20): 67-71. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.012

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Taking Lanzhou city as an example, the land ecological safety evaluation system of Lanzhou city is constructed by using PSR model. Selecting 16 indexes, and the weight of each index is calculated by using entropy method, and the evaluation level of Lanzhou land ecological safety is delimited according to the comprehensive index. The results show that the comprehensive index of land ecological security in Lanzhou city shows a fluctuating upward trend from 2007 to 2016, with a small fluctuation. From 2007 to 2010, the safety level is in the critical safety state. In 2011, the safety level became less safe. 2012—2015 safety level is in critical safety state; Through the self-regulation of the ecosystem and the continuous efforts of the society, the security level became relatively safe in 2016. Therefore, in order to ensure that the social economy of Lanzhou can continue to develop in a stable ecological environment, it is necessary to resolve the contradiction between land ecological pressure and land ecological security in the future development, and effectively improve the land ecological security situation in Lanzhou city.

Effects of EDTA,EDDS and CA on the dissolution,desorption and morphology of heavy metals in loess

YANG Ming-hang, WANG Guo-lan, JIN Zi-han, DAI En-hua, ZHANG Jun

2021, 60(20): 72-79. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.013

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In order to study the effects of EDTA, EDDS and CA on the dissolution, desorption kinetics and speciation of heavy metals in loess, the dissolution, desorption behavior and variation characteristics of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and four heavy metals by three chelating agents under different concentrations, different pH and different time were studied by vibration centrifugation method, and the desorption process was fitted by kinetic model. The results showed that among the three chelating agents, EDTA had the most significant effect, and its removal rate of Cd was the highest; When the concentration of three chelating agents was 1 mmol/L, the dissolution rate of heavy metals reached the highest; At the same time, the lower the pH was, the higher the dissolution rate of heavy metals in loess was; When pH=4, the three chelating agents had the highest dissolution rate of heavy metals. After the use of chelating agent, the dissolution rate and desorption rate of heavy metals increased, and the desorption rate decreased with the extension of desorption time. The first 120 min was a rapid reaction stage. The double constant equation was the best one to describe the desorption kinetics of Cd, Cu, Pb,and Zn in loess, and the first-order kinetic equation had the worst fitting effect. The main removal objects of EDTA, EDDS and CA were water-soluble heavy metals. Under the desorption of EDTA, EDDS and CA, the total amount of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn ions in loess could be effectively reduced, which also meant that the biological toxicity of contaminated soil was reduced.

Effect of fluroxypyr-mepthyl on broadleaved weed control,nutrient and yield in wheat field

ZHU Wen-da, YAN Dong-dong, LI Lin, YU Da-zhao, DONG Xing-long, LI Zong-yin

2021, 60(20): 80-83. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.014

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The effect of 288 g/L fluroxypyr-mepthyl EC on broadleaved weed control in wheat field was studied. The wheat yield, the content of N-P-K and water were also analyzed after weed control by fluroxypyr-mepthyl.The results indicated that the efficacy of weed control were remarkable by 288 g/L fluroxypyr-mepthyl EC in wheat field. All showed control efficacy on Galium aparine, Vicia sativa and Malachium aquaticum with a total fresh weight control effect from 90.3% to 99.9% after 60 days. After weed control, the consumption of N, P, K and water by weeds was significantly decreased, and the water and fertilizer conditions in the field were effectirely improved. The wheat yield was ranged 3 162.3 to 3 401.7 kg/hm² after treated with 288 g/L fluroxypyr-mepthyl EC, which increased by 23.0%~32.3% compared to untreated control. Moreover, the yield income increased by 1 358.84~1 909.46 yuan/hm².

Sensitivity determination of two strains of Fusarium graminearum to 6 fungicides

CHEN Li, YUAN Qian, FAN Zhi-ye, ZHAO Yong-tao, LIU Di, LI Shi-min

2021, 60(20): 84-86. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.015

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Using mycelium growth rate method, the sensitivity of two strains of Fusarium graminearum which isolate from north and central of Henan province was identified to the 6 fungicides. The results showed that the sensitivity of strains 18HX2-1 and 17LH01 to phenamacril, tebuconazole, carbendazim, hexaconzole, propiconazole, triadimefon were different, strain 18HX2-1 was higher sensitive to phenamacril, tebuconazole, carbendazim than strain 17LH01, and strain 17LH01 was higher sensitive to hexaconzole, propiconazole, triadimefon than strain 18HX2-1. The EC₅₀ of phenamacril, tebuconazole and carbendazim to two stains were less than 1 mg/L, which had better antimicrobial effect against two strains, and could be applied to control wheat scab.

Preliminary report on the efficacy of a biological pesticide against Dendrothrips minowai Priesner in organic tea garden

CHEN Yu-lan, CHEN Pei-kun, LU Hai-jiao

2021, 60(20): 87-90. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.016

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Comparative experiments on the efficacy of biological pesticides （5% eucalyptus oil solution） and conventional chemical pesticides （60 g/L ethyl doxycin suspension） against Dendrothrips minowai Priesner were conducted. The results showed that the control effects of 5% eucalyptus oil were 75.80%, 98.25%, 98.51% and 98.53% after 7 days of treatment with 750 times, 500 times, 300 times dilution of 5% eucalyptus oil and 60 g/L ethyl dotoxicillin suspension 750 times dilution, respectively. 5% eucalyptol solution 500 times diluent, 300 times diluent, and more than 60 g/L ethyl kill toxin suspending agent 750 times diluent medicine post-processing of 3, 7 d efficacy difference was not significant, but which were significantly higher than 5% eucalyptol solution 750 times diluent control effect. The solution of 5% eucalyptus oil could also control other main pests occurring in the same period of tea plantation. It had no bad effect on the normal growth of tea trees and the quality of tea leaves.

Effects of four post-emergence compound herbicides on weed control and yield in winter rapeseed field

CHEN Kun-rong, ZENG Ling-yi, LIU Fan, YAN Rui-bin, REN Li, XU Li, CHEN Wang, CHI Peng, FANG Xiao-ping

2021, 60(20): 91-93. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.017

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The effects of 4 post-emergence compound herbicides on weed control, yield and economic income in winter rapeseed field were investigated. The results showed four herbicides including Youbao, Youli, Youda and Youxi were very effective to control grass weeds and Galium spurium. The control effects of weed fresh weight were more than 98% 60 d after spraying herbicide. All four herbicides had little control effect to Veronica persica. The height of rapeseed plant sprayed with Youbao, Youli, Youda and Youxi reduced by 4.64%, 4.96%, 2.61% and 2.99%, respectively. Effective branch number of main stem increased by 5.88%, 7.84%, 13.73% and 13.73%, respectively. Number of effective pods increased by 5.21%, 4.69%, 7.33% and 9.02%, respectively. Plant yield increased by 7.64%, 7.31%, 9.63% and 14.62%, respectively. Economic income increased by 275.0, 175.0, 350.0, 665.0 yuan/hm² after deductions the cost of herbicide and labour, respectively.

Study on rooting anatomical structure and enzyme physiological response of hardwood cuttings of Magnolia wufengensis

LIANG Yu-ting, XIA Wen-sheng, WAGN Pu, DUAN Qing-ming

2021, 60(20): 94-99. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.018

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The semi-lignified branches of Magnolia wufengensis were used as materials. The anatomical observation of rooting parts of cuttings was carried out by paraffin section method, and the activities of peroxidase （POD）, polyphenol oxidase （PPO） and indoleacetic acid oxidase （IAAO） in cutting branches were determined, and the process of adventitious root formation induced by 750 mg/L NAA was studied. The results showed that during the rooting process, the POD activity in the water treatment group （CK） and the growth regulator treatment group showed an increasing trend, and the content reached the highest at 35 d. The activity of PPO increased first and then decreased. The activity of PPO in the growth regulator treatment group and CK group increased from 0 to 14 d, and decreased sharply after 14 d. The activity of IAAO showed different trends. The activity of IAAO decreased first and then increased gradually in CK group from 0 to 7 d. The anatomical structure showed that there was no latent root primordium in the cuttings,cortex rooting type was developed from the inducted root primordium formed after cutting. Callus rooting type was originated from the vascular cambium between xylem and phloem. Adventitious roots produced by callus were specialized xylem formed by callus. Magnolia wufengensis belongs to the type of difficult to root. Low activity PPO, POD and high activity IAAO are beneficial to rooting, and additional growth regulators are needed to promote rooting. It is speculated that Magnolia wufengensis may be an induced rooting tree species, and adventitious roots can be generated by skin rooting and callus rooting.

Pilot test of microwave drying of Amomum tsaoko and its quality

WANG Wei, HUANG Meng-yang, LIU Bing-guo, ZHANG Ming-yu, LIU Peng

2021, 60(20): 100-104. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.019

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TG-DTG technology was used to investigate the causes of uneven dehydration of pericarp and core of Amomum tsaoko during the conventional drying process. Through the dielectric parameter test and exploration test, it is determined that the microwave drying effect is better when the number of Amomum tsaoko spreading layers is 2, which can not only ensure the high energy utilization rate, but also avoid the condensation of water vapor on the surface of the upper layer, so as to improve the drying efficiency. The results of kilogram scale pilot test showed that with the increase of microwave power, the drying time of materials with residual moisture content less than 14% on the conveyor belt was significantly shortened. When the microwave emission power was 9 kW, by adjusting the feeding speed of the conveyor belt, the corresponding drying time could be adjusted to 10~15 min, which could reduce the residual moisture content of Amomum tsaoko to less than 14%. The results of the scanning electron microscope （SEM） before and after drying showed that microwave drying technology could complete the drying process on the premise of ensuring the product quality.

Pollen vitality measurement method of kiwifruit

ZHANG Hong, LI Xiu-li, JI Xiao-mei, CHEN Zhen, YUE You-zhang, ZHAI Jing-hua, ZHAO Zhi-yuan, CHEN Zhi-wei

2021, 60(20): 105-107. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.020

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Taking Actinidia chinensis as sample, this article compared the effects of pollen preparation methods on pollen vitality. The pollen vitality was studied using TTC method, I₂-IK method and an in vitro method, and the optimical concerntration of sucrose, H₃BO₃ and CaCl₂ were selected by ‘3414’ test to find a proper method for measuring kiwifruit pollen vitality. The result show that mixing pollen with pollen shells is more conducive to germination of pollen tubes. TTC and I₂-IK are not suitable for the determination of kiwi pollen activity. The in vitro method can effectively reflect the true vitality of pollen. The optimal medium was 10% sucrose+0.1 mg/mL H₃BO₃+0.1 mg/mL CaCl₂on pollen germination in vitro and the pollen germination ratio was up to77.9%.

A study on landscape performance of park green space under the background of sponge city：Taking Hangzhou city as an example

SHI Tai-long, WU Wen-ting

2021, 60(20): 108-115. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.02

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Taking Hangzhou city as an example, the landscape performance of parks and green spaces with rainwater facilities was studied. By investigating the actual needs of residents and combining expert opinions, the landscape performance evaluation system was constructed with four major indicators of landscape beauty, landscape activity, facility scientificity and spiritual culture, and an empirical study was carried out using Hangzhou sponge park green space as an example, the existing problems were analyzed and the optimization strategies were proposed.

Analysis on development status and countermeasures of edible fungi industry in Hubei province

LI Shun-qing, CAI Zhi-wen

2021, 60(20): 116-118. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.022

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Based on the field investigation of edible fungi industry in Hubei province, the development status of edible fungi industry in Hubei province were analyzed. The main problems facing the development of edible fungi industry in Hubei province were put forward from the aspects of edible fungi industrial structure, scientific and technological support and financing difficulties. The countermeasures and suggestions for the development of edible fungi industry in Hubei province were put forward from four aspects of increasing policy supply force, enhancing industrial competitiveness, enhancing industrial cohesion and realizing sustainable development.

Etiology and prevention countermeasures of the outbreak disease of yellow catfish（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）

WEN Zhou-rui, XU Qin-han, LU Ling-li, HAN Yu-zhang, LIU Ke-qun, PAN Zhou

2021, 60(20): 119-123. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.023

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To explore the causes of outbreaks disease of yellow catfish in some areas of Hubei province, we investigated the production situation in field. Aeromonas veronii and Plesiomonas shigelloides were isolated and identified from disease fish. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated that the Aeromonas veronii was susceptible to neomycin sulfate and flumequine, resistant to thiamphenicol, florfenicol and sulfamonomethoxine sodium. Plesiomonas shigelloides was only sensitive to flumequine, resistant to other seven kind drugs. Comprehensive factors such as temperature, water quality, and feeding conditions have analyzed the causes of outbreaks of yellow catfish. It was believed that this outbreak was mainly caused by bacterial infection and was closely related to factors such as severe temperature fluctuations, overfeeding, and deterioration of water quality. The drug susceptibility test has determined the types of available drugs and provided countermeasures for the prevention and control of this type of yellow catfish disease.

Study on muscle quality of Micropterus salmoides in “zero emission” pond system

WEN Ling-mei, ZHAO Wei, XU Jing

2021, 60(20): 124-126. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.024

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the muscle quality of Micropterus salmoides was studied under the “zero emission” pond system, and the muscle texture characteristics, amino acid content and fatty acid content of Micropterus salmoides were determined. The results showed that the muscle of “zero emission” pond reared Micropterus salmoides had good elasticity, rich and relatively balanced amino acids, rich in a variety of flavor amino acids, low saturated fatty acids, high monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosapentaenoic acids and docosahexaenoic acids. The muscle of “zero emission” pond reared Micropterus salmoides had good taste and nutritional value.

Effects of temperature on the growth,feeding,and digestive enzyme activity of the juvenile red swamp crayfish （Procambarus clarkii）

ZHOU Ze-xiang, FAN Wen-hao, FANG Liu, RUAN Guo-liang, GUO Xiao-ze, LIU Xin, ZHENG Wei-you

2021, 60(20): 127-130. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.025

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In order to study the effects of temperature on the growth, feeding, and digestive enzyme activity of the juvenile red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The juvenile crayfish（3.11±0.04 g） were selected. The object was randomly divided into 4 temperature treatment groups（23, 26, 29, 31 ℃）, and the temperature of the culture water was adjusted by a heating rod and the experiment period was 8 weeks. The results showed that the growth of body length and body weight of juvenile crayfish was the fastest at 26 ℃, which was significantly higher than the other three temperature conditions（P<0.05）. The body length and weight of juvenile crayfish increased rapidly at 29 ℃ and 31 ℃, both significantly higher than 23 ℃（P<0.05）. The temperature difference did not significantly change the condition factor of crayfish（P>0.05）. At 23 ℃, the survival rate of juvenile shrimp was the highest, up to 100%, which was significantly higher than the other three temperature conditions（P<0.05）. Among them, the survival rate was the lowest at 31 ℃, only 89%. At four temperatures, the feed coefficient was highest at 23 ℃ significantly higher than the other three temperature conditions（P<0.05）, and the feed coefficient was lowest at 26 ℃, significantly lower than 23 ℃（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the feed rate of Procambarus clarkii under four temperature conditions（P>0.05）. The activities of digestive enzymes （protease, lipase, amylase） gradually increased with increasing temperature, but decreased with increasing temperature.

Drug selection of E. coli salpingitis in adult chicken

YANG Wen-hai, WANG Si-jiu, SHAO Zhi-yong, CHEN Xia-bing, WU Li-jun, HE Bin, XU Hong

2021, 60(20): 131-133. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.026

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E. coli salpingitis in adult chickens caused by pathogenic E. coli was clinically characterized by high morbidity, high mortality rate and high elimination rate. After the outbreak of the chicken farm, it was difficult to control the development of the disease; the purification measures were not only costly but not easily successful. The principle and method of antimicrobial drug selection from the perspective of practice were proposed, and drug guidance and reference for the effective prevention of E. coli disease in laying hens were provided.

Study on intestinal absorption characteristics of astaxanthin extracted from Solenocera crassicornis

JIA Zhe, XU Yan, LIU Xin-yan, ZHANG Xiao-xia, SONG Ru

2021, 60(20): 134-138. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.027

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The Sprague Dawley male rats were given a single high-dose gavage with saponified and unsaponified astaxanthin, the content of astaxanthin in different parts of the small intestine after 6 h and 12 h were determined, and the total content of astaxanthin, free astaxanthin and ester astaxanthin in fresh feces of rats after 14 d of continuous gavage were detected by HPLC. The results showed that after 6 h of gavage,astaxanthin was not detected in the jejunum, ileum and colon of rats. After 12 h of gavage, astaxanthin was detected in the colon contents of both the saponified and unsaponified astaxanthin group, and the content of astaxanthin in the saponified group （283.221±89.50 μg/g） was significantly higher than that in the unsaponified group （126.850±40.49 μg/g）. After 14 d of continuous gavage, the astaxanthin residue from in feces of rats in the saponified group was significantly lower than that in the unsaponified group, and the astaxanthin residue was mainly composed of free astaxanthin（11.12±0.36 μg/g）. However, the contents of free astaxanthin and ester astaxanthin in the rats feces of unsaponified group were 21.78±3.40 μg/g and 7.69±0.32 μg/g, respectively. Therefore, the saponified astaxanthin derived from Solenocera crassicornis showed better intestinal absorption compared with the unsaponified astaxanthin.

Study on the influence of different preparation conditions on the quality of green tea noodles

WEI Ling-dong, ZHOU Xin-ju, ZOU Xi, PAN Xiao-shan, WU Shu-tong, YANG Ting-ting

2021, 60(20): 139-144. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.028

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Taking the microstructure of green tea noodles, the color difference of the noodle soup and the retention rate of tea polyphenols as indicators, the mesh number and added amount of green tea powder, water addition were optimized through single factor experiment, and their correlation were discussed. The results showed the optimal process conditions for green tea noodles were water addition 42 mL, the mesh number of green tea powder 80, the added amount of green tea powder 2%. Under this condition, no fluidiification was observed in the gluten structure, the network structure of noodles was dense,orderly and well continuous, the color difference of the noodle soup after cooking was the smallest （ΔE=5.89）, and the retention rate of tea polyphenols was the highest （72.73%）. The effect of different preparation conditions on color difference was： The mesh number of green tea powder<water addition<the added amount of green tea powder. The effect of different preparation conditions on the retention rate of tea polyphenols was：The mesh number of green tea powder> the added amount of green tea powder> water addition. By exploring the impact of different preparation conditions on the quality of green tea noodles, in order to provide some theoretical basis for the preparation of green tea noodles and the research of retention rate of effective ingredients in tea.

Simultaneous determination of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol in pastry by gas chromatography

QIU Yi-xian, CHEN Ting-ting, CHEN Yu, TANG Ming-hua, QIN Xu-quan

2021, 60(20): 145-148. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.029

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Establish a method for the simultaneous determination of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol in pastry, using DB-WAX column （30 m×320 μm×0.25 μm）, column flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, sample inlet of 230 ℃, split ratio of 10∶1, detector was hydrogen flame ionization detector, detector temperature was 240 ℃, air flow speed was 350 mL/min, hydrogen flow rate was 40 mL/min, nitrogen flow rate was 25 mL/min, injection volume was 1 μL. The results showed that the linear relationship between ethylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol have good linearity in the range of 990~49 500 ng/mL（r²=0.999 8） and 980~49 000 ng/mL（r²=0.999 7）, respectively. The recovery of ethylene glycol was 93.22%~101.10%, RSD was 2.38%（n=9）, 1,2-propanediol was 95.15%~99.97%, RSD was 1.68%（n=9） at the three levels of 75, 100 and 200 μg. The quantitative limits of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol were 6.53 mg/kg and 6.49 mg/kg respectively. The method has the characteristics of simple operation, good repeatability, good sensitivity and small toxicity of the reagents used. It can provide a reference for the content detection of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propanediol in pastry.

Study on HPLC fingerprint of Strychni semen

YANG Hong-bing, LI Jin-zhou, YANG Jia, JIANG Dai-long, ZHAN Zhi-lai, SHI Lei

2021, 60(20): 149-152. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.030

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To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Strychni semen by TCM fingerprint technology, and provide a new method for the quality control of Strychni semen. The extraction methods was ultrasonic for 30 min by methanol-H₂O-HCl （50∶50∶1）. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-H₂O （0.2% formic acid）. The gradient elution mode was applied in chromatographic separation; the analysis time was 60 min; the detection wavelength was 254 nm; the column temperature was 30 ℃; the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The results showed that with brucine as the reference, six common peaks in the fingerprint of Strychni semen were determined. The RSD of precision, stability and reproducibility of the method was less than 3%. Using similarity as the evaluation parameter of fingerprint, the similarity between the chromatogram and the control fingerprint of 10 batches of Strychni semen was greater than 0.9.

Research on the adaptability of 2BMFJ-6 multifunctional soybean no-tillage and straw covering planter in Jianghan plain

WANG Ai-ai, DENG Jun-bo, YANG Fang, ZHOU Yi, CHEN Yan, HE Nian

2021, 60(20): 153-157. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.031

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In order to better promote and apply protective tillage techniques in the Jianghan plain, and fulfil the farmers’ demand for no-tillage soybean planters in this area. According to the quailty of no-tillage planters seeding detection index and method of provisions of the Ministry of agriculture machinery test station and national standards and the agricultural industry standards, the field performance test of 2BMFJ-6 multifunctional no-tillage soybean straw covering planter was carried out under two kinds of natural stubble surface conditions in Jianghan plain, and the operation quality and adaptability of the seeder were analyzed. The results showed that the planter was higher than the national qualification standard in planting performance indicators such as machine’s trafficability, it depth of seed fertilizer, the uniformity of sowing, and the rate of airing seeds,etc., This machine has good trafficability and seedability, and has stable performance. It has strong adaptability in the natural stubble land in Jianghan plain and can meet the requirements of soybean precision sowing.

Research on the algorithm counting tea pests by image in complex background

HUANG Can-can, CHEN Ya-long, ZHANG Wei, CAI Qiang

2021, 60(20): 158-163. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.032

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Based on a kind of insect trap lamp equipment, the sample images gained and the counting algorithms with image processing were addressed. Adopted some common algorithms of separating background areas, such as color histogram segmentation and gray threshold segmentation, the sample images were difficult to be separated. This paper develops an image processing algorithm which depend on grid division. Segmented the image as 10×10, and then extracted the pests areas from the separated images. For the overlapping areas will affect the accuracy of counting, developed the marker-controlled watershed segmentation algorithm. Marking the image with minimum extension transform to segment the overlapping areas and then realizing the pests counting, the noise test and counting test were developed furtherly. Experimental results showed that, for the sample images which collected from this kind of pests trap equipment, the average accuracy of the algorithm was 91.8%. This algorithm could extract the pests areas from the sample image completely and segment the overlapped pests effectively. And the algorithm was applicable for tea pests counting in complex background.

Design and implementation of vegetable quality traceability platform in facility

GAO Xin-na, HUANG Yuan, YANG Ying-ru, LI Hai-jie, WU Meng, DU Ya-ru

2021, 60(20): 164-166. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.033

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With the improvement of people's living standard, people pay more and more attention to the security of “on the tip of the tongue”. This paper takes facility vegetables as the research object, and uses modern information technology such as Internet, big data, two-dimensional code as the means, considering the needs of different groups of people such as government, enterprises and consumers, a vegetable quality traceability platform for facilities of Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences was established, by collecting the information of plot, field management, processing and testing, the two-dimensional code can be queried to trace the information source of vegetable production in facilities, the consumer can know its production information accurately through the inquiry.

Research on intelligent monitoring method of tobacco leaf mildew status in storage based on Internet of things technology

ZHANG Jing-chao, ZHAI Nai-qi, WANG Yi-bo, YUN Li-jun

2021, 60(20): 167-170. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.034

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In order to quickly detect the moldy state in tobacco storage in all aspects and solve the problem that the traditional moldy detection method is complicated and requires manual judgment, a set of monitoring of specific parameters of the tobacco storage environment was built based on the Internet of things technology and BP neural network algorithm. Platform, so as to realize the intelligent monitoring of the moldy status of the stored tobacco leaves. First, design a tobacco leaf storage environment data collection terminal and a handheld wireless repeater. The handheld wireless repeater was used to wake up the data collection terminal, and use radio frequency transmission to obtain the environmental parameters collected by the terminal, and send the data to the server via GPRS. The server completes data analysis processing. After that, a tobacco leaf status recognition model was established based on the BP neural network algorithm, and the tobacco leaf status was obtained by analyzing and processing the collected environmental parameters, and the effectiveness of the model was verified by experimental simulation. Finally, an intelligent monitoring information management system for tobacco storage environment was developed and completed to realize the visual display and alarm of tobacco environmental parameters and tobacco mildew status. The test results showed that the use of the Internet of things technology combined with the BP neural network algorithm can effectively complete the monitoring of the moldy state of the stored tobacco leaves, which has certain practical application value.

Evaluating the agricultural water-use efficiency of the Yellow river basin basing on SBM-Undesirable model

LI Hong-yan, FU Jun-yi, ZHANG Xing-hua

2021, 60(20): 171-178. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.035

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Based on the SBM-Undesirable model, the dynamic changes of agricultural water-use efficiency and the optimization path of agriculturalwater-use in the Yellow river basin from 2009 to 2017 were studied. The results showed that the agricultural water-use efficiency of the Yellow river basin was higher than the national level, but the water-use efficiency of it has dropped by a larger margin; the average efficiency of the yellow river upper and middle reaches, the middle and lower reaches and the overall basin were 0.722, 0.855, 0.781, respectively, the efficiency in the upper and middle reaches were low and the decline ismore significant; The efficiency of Qinghai, Shandong, Shaanxi and Sichuan were 1,the water-use efficiency of Shanxi was higher, but there was a potential risk of decline. Gansu, Ningxia, and Henan have lower efficiency. Inner Mongolia has the lowest agricultural water-use efficiency and the greatest water-saving potential. According to the clustering results of agricultural water-use efficiency and pollution degree, Gansu,Ningxia and Inner Mongolia belong to the low-efficiency-low-pollution type, Henan was the low-efficiency-high-pollution type, Qinghai, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Sichuan were the high-efficiency-low-pollution type of area, and Shandong belonged to the high-efficiency-high-pollution type, different types of areas should adopt different agricultural water-use optimization policies.

Analysis on the risk of farmland management right transfer based on the perspective of complex ecosystem

DENG Si-yu, XIANG Xiao-qian, GUO Ruo-nan, ZHANG Yuan-suo, YAO Yan

2021, 60(20): 179-183. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.036

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Based on the perspective of complex ecosystem, the relevant subjects of farmland management right transfer were analyzed, and the social risks, economic risks and natural risks faced in the transfer of farmland management right were identified specifically. On this basis, some policy suggestions were put forward, such as standardizing the market order of farmland management right transfer, improving the transfer efficiency, improving laws and regulations, strengthening the supervision of farmland management subject, strengthening the publicity and education of farmers, improving farmers’ quality, perfecting farmers’ security system and optimizing operators’ insurance system, etc.

Research on the evaluation and spatio-temporal evolution of agricultural modernization development level in Jianghan plain

ZHANG Wan-yu, WEI Jun-ying

2021, 60(20): 184-189. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.037

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Based on the time section data of 11 counties （cities, districts） in Jianghan plain in 2010 and 2018, 13 specific indicators were determined from the 4 dimensions of agricultural modernization evaluation, and a comprehensive evaluation system of agricultural modernization development level in Jianghan plain was constructed, the entropy value method and exploratory spatial data analysis method were used to empirically analyze the agricultural modernization development level and temporal and spatial evolution characteristics in Jianghan plain. The results showed that the overall development level of agricultural modernization in Jianghan plain showed an upward trend, but the level of development was not high; The regional agricultural modernization development level and growth rate were quite different, and there were problems of unbalanced development within the region; The level of agricultural output made the highest contribution to the development of agricultural modernization in Jianghan plain, and the level of sustainable development had the fastest growth rate in supporting the development of agricultural modernization in Jianghan plain; The level of agricultural modernization development in each counties（cities,districts）showed obvious spatial correlation, and the characteristics of local spatial agglomeration were obvious.

Study on the comparative benefit of coarse cereals in Hebei province

LIU Meng, ZHAO Wen-qing, CUI Ji-han, HOU Cai-xia, LI Shun-guo, LIU Jian-jun

2021, 60(20): 190-195. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.038

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Hebei province is a big province of coarse cereals production, which has many kinds and great development potential, but the planting benefits is low. Based on the survey data of national millet and sorghum industry technology system information platform and production benefits of major grain growers in Hebei province from 2015 to 2019, the comparative benefit model （osculating value method） was used to analyze the comparative benefit of coarse cereals and bulk crops and the comparative benefit of coarse cereals in different regions. The results showed that Heilonggang area, Taihang mountain area, Taihang piedmont plain area, Coastal saline alkali plain area, Yanshan piedmont plain area and Yanshan mountain area were suitable for planting different coarse cereals; Different coarse cereals showed different benefits in different areas. Finally, some suggestions were put forward, which including strengthening the policy formulation of coarse cereals, building high-end brand of coarse cereals in Hebei province, increasing the research strength of coarse cereals, increasing publicity and expanding consumption, in order to provide theoretical reference for development of coarse cereals industry in Hebei province.

Operation rules and prospects of cut flower market in China

LU Ji-liang, HE Yan-hong

2021, 60(20): 196-200. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.039

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In this study, we collected the price data of the main producing areas of fresh cut flowers in China from 2005 to 2019, and summarized the change rule of the historical price of fresh cut flowers. According to the relationship between flower consumption and urban disposable income, flower e-commerce trading trend and CPI change, the future development and market trend of fresh cut flower industry were predicted.

Leisure agriculture,agricultural industry upgrading and agricultural economic growth from the perspective of big agriculture

QIU Wei, LU Dong-ning

2021, 60(20): 201-205. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.040

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From the perspective of big agriculture, based on panel data of agricultural economic development from 2001 to 2018, by using unit root test, co-integration test, VAR model and impulse response function, taking leisure agriculture and agricultural industry upgrading as core explanatory variables, and agricultural environment regulation and agricultural human capital as control variables, the influencing mechanism of leisure agriculture and agricultural industry upgrading on agricultural economic growth were expounded.The study found that leisure agriculture had a continuous positive influence on the improvement of agricultural economy; The contribution of agricultural industry upgrading to agricultural economic growth was significant, showed a strong pulling effect, but in the later period, the trend was gradually weakened; The promoting effect of agricultural environment regulation on agricultural economic growth was relatively weak, and even showed time-delay effect; Agricultural human capital played a certain role in promoting agricultural economic growth, but its diminishing trend was obvious in the later period.

The dilemma and countermeasures of tourism poverty alleviation in the old revolutionary base areas under the background of the post poverty alleviation era

WANG Hui-zhan, GU Jie-jie

2021, 60(20): 206-209. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.041

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At present, with the successful completion of the task of poverty alleviation in China, the poverty alleviation strategy has changed from solving absolute poverty to alleviating relative poverty. For many old revolutionary base areas that mainly rely on the development of tourism to get rid of poverty in the stage of targeted poverty alleviation, the objects of tourism poverty alleviation in the post poverty alleviation era are more complex, and they face many difficulties in the identification, assistance and assessment of tourism poverty alleviation. Through the construction of tourism poverty alleviation identification standard system, on-demand assistance and comprehensive assessment and other measures, in order to improve the effect of tourism poverty alleviation in the old revolutionary base areas.

Exploration of the development path of sericulture in Hanyin county based on the “three one” industrial poverty alleviation model

LI Huan-ji, CHEN Bei

2021, 60(20): 210-213. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.042

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Industrial poverty alleviation is an important feature of the poverty alleviation development model with Chinese characteristics. Only by developing industries can we completely remove the “poor root” and get rid of poverty and become rich. In the process of exploring industrial development, Hanyin county had accurately found the industries suitable for local development and scientifically explored the “three one” industrial poverty alleviation model. The model emphasizes that under the guidance of the grass-roots party branch, people should make full use of the local resource endowment to find the correct industrial positioning, and help the industrial development with the help of poverty alleviation funds. By using this model, it will not only make important contributions to poverty alleviation in Hanyin county, but also provide inspiration and reference for the future industrial development of rural revitalization.

Research on endogenous kinetic energy and external empowerment of cultural tourism industry development based on rural revitalization

LI Jing

2021, 60(20): 214-217. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.20.043

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From the perspective of industrial function, the relationship between endogenous kinetic energy and external empowerment was analyzed in combination with the ownership of rural cultural tourism industry development interests. Villagers, as cultural inheritors, were the endogenous kinetic energy of the development of rural cultural and tourism industry. The government and society provide external empowerment, and it was necessary to strengthen external empowerment and stimulate the endogenous kinetic energy to promote rural revitalization and the development of cultural and tourism industry.

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