Table of Content

25 November 2021, Volume 60 Issue 22

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Reviews

Research progress of virus like particles vaccine

TAN Kun, ZHANG Li-lin

2021, 60(22):  5-10.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.001

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Virus like particles（VLPs） vaccine can form a protein particle structure similar to the virus by expressing the structural protein assembly of the virus, simulate the process of the virus entering the body, activate the immune response of the body, so as to achieve the purpose of resisting the virus. VLPs vaccine has become a popular choice for vaccine preparation because of its high efficiency and safety. Classification of VLPs vaccines, advantages, expression systems, purification assembly, identification methods, immune pathways, modified vaccine and other aspects were reviewed in order to provide reference for the study of VLPs vaccines.

Research progress and review of heritage activation in China

LIN Bi-xia, WEI Feng-qun, ZHAO Jing-xue

2021, 60(22):  11-18.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.002

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Based on the CNKI database of papers related to heritage activation from 2002 to October 2020,using CiteSpace visual analysis software, combined with conventional statistical methods and qualitative analysis methods of literature, the research progress of heritage activation was analyzed. The results showed that, first, the research was divided into primary stage （2002—2005）, in-depth stage （2006—2010） and active stage （after 2011）. Second, productive protection, traditional villages and rural revitalization were the hot spots of heritage activation research in recent years; The most prominent keyword was living culture, the longest lasting was intangible cultural heritage, and the latest was traditional villages and digitization. Third, the government and enterprises were strong stakeholders, inheritance groups and local residents were weak stakeholders. Scholars mainly chose intangible cultural heritage, ancient sites and traditional villages, agricultural cultural heritage, industrial cultural heritage and linear cultural heritage as the activation objects, and adopted such activation methods as restoration and inheritance activation, tourism industry activation, high-quality characteristic products activation and digital activation. Future research on heritage activation shouldemphasize the introduction, crossover and integration of multi-disciplinary fields, pay attention to the interaction between stakeholders of heritage activation, the comparative study of multiple cased on the geospatial scale, and the research on spatio-temporal dynamic monitoring and sustainable maintenance mechanism of heritage activation, and pay attention to the activation efficiency.

Research status and prospect of rural land trusteeship in China

CHEN Xin, LIU Xin-ping

2021, 60(22):  19-23.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.003

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Based on CNKI core journals, CSSCI and CSCD databases, review the literature on rural land trusteeship from 2000 to 2019, and use the literature review method to sort out the empirical research on the connotation, model, influencing factors, source of benefits, and effectiveness of rural land trusteeship in China,and promote the development of land trusteeship related suggestions.Through summarizing and sorting out the empirical research and related countermeasures of rural land trusteeship in China, analyze the deficiencies of the existing literature on rural land trusteeship research, in order to provide reference and reference for the development of rural land trusteeship in the country and later researchers. The result shows thatfrom 2000 to 2019, the number of documents on rural land trusteeship has been increasing year by year. The keywords in the literature are land trusteeship, land management, agricultural production, agricultural machinery services, and scale management; different scholars have commented on rural areas in different regions. The research on land trusteeship has differences in connotation, models, influencing factors, sources of benefits, and effectiveness. According to the current status of the development of local land trusteeship, different strategies to promote the healthy development of land trusteeship have been proposed. ①Strengthen the research on the comparison of benefits of rural land after trusteeship and before trusteeship. ②There is a lack of research on the distribution methods of rural land trusteeship benefits. ③In-depth research on risk prevention and control of rural land trusteeship.

Breeding & Cultivation

Analysis of combining ability of 13 new sterile lines in rice at heading date

CAI Xing-xing, LI Xing-hua, WANG Huan, ZHANG Sheng, ZHOU Nan, RAO Deng-feng, ZHOU Qiang

2021, 60(22):  24-26.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.004

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A total of 182 F₁ were obtained by combining 14 restorer lines with strong combining ability with 13 newly selected sterile lines with excellent comprehensive agronomic traits, so as to investigate the combining ability of 13 sterile lines at heading date. The results showed that B8 had the best general combining ability, followed by B1, B4 and B7, and B10, B11 and B12 had the worst general combining ability. Hybrid rice combinations of B8, B1, B4 and B7 were more likely to be bred 3 days earlier than those of the control, and combinations of B2, B5, B10, B11, B12 and B13 were not easy to be bred 3 days earlier than those of the control. The heritability of heading date was higher, and the correlation coefficient between heading date and general combining ability was 0.71.

Breeding and application of good Honglian type glutinous rice CMS line Hongnuo 1A

TANG Jian-min, ZHU Cai-zhang, TANG Han-hua, CAO Qin-yun, GONG Wei-hua, MAO Hui-min, FU Cheng-jun, XIE Chun-pu, GAO Xiang, ZHOU Qi-tao, WANG Xiao-wen, YANG Wen-jun, ZHENG Ming, WANG Wen, TANG Ya-dong

2021, 60(22):  27-30.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.005

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Hongnuo 1A is a Honglian glutinous rice sterile line, bred by using Yuetai A as female parent and （Yuetai B//Yuetai B/Jingnuo 6） F₂ multiple excellent glutinous plants as male parent for testing, and through multi-generation directional selection and continuous backcross. It has the characteristics of complete and stable male sterility, high outcrossing rate, good glutinous grain quality, high commbning ability, and desirable integrated characters. In August 2018, it was registered by Hubei Crop Variety Approval Committee. Its breeding process, major characteristics, techniques of multiplication and hybrid seed production were introduced.

Screening for rice varieties and seeding quantity in driect-seeded,double-season rice system

ZHANG Qun, XIA Xian-ge, CHEN Zhan-peng, CHEN Jie, CAO Zhi-gang, JIN Hong-mei, ZHANG Wen-chao, TU Jun-ming, CHEN Jian-ping, ZHANG Zhi-sheng, HU Feng

2021, 60(22):  31-33.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.006

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Using conventional early rice varieties Gangzaoxian 11, Gangzaoxian 13 and Xinliangyou 9011 bred by Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences as research objects, the screening for rice varieties in driect-seeded, double-season rice system was conducted. The results showed that, Gangzaoxian 11 has a suitable growth period, high production safety, suitable plant height, high yield, and high fertilizer utilization. It is suitable for rice varieties in driect-seeded,double-season rice system. This experiment carried out a different seeding rate experiment on Gangzaoxian 11. The results showed that, the early rice season of Gangzaoxian 11 at 150 kg/hm² seeding rate+ late rice season at 180 kg/hm² seeding rate, the two seasons have the highest economic benefits.

Characteristic analysis of Quanyou series high-quality middle-season rice varieties suitable for planting in Hubei province

XU Hui, LI Chun-feng, XU Zheng-meng, SHI Fang-chun, XIE Lei

2021, 60(22):  34-37.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.007

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In this paper, the basic characteristics of Quanyou series of high-quality rice varieties, which were suitable for planting in Hubei ecological areas （except Wuling Mountain Area） and approved by the provincial government in 2020, were analyzed. The rueslt showed that, there were 12 suitable rice varieties. Viewing from the main body of variety breeding, the varieties mainly selected by enterprises;Quanyou series of high quality hybrid combinations generally had large grains per panicle and high seed setting rate, but the effective panicle number was general, and the yield per panicle contributed more in unit yield. Quanyou series of high quality hybrid combinations could be selected and bred varieties with good rice quality and blast resistance, but breeding varieties resistant to bacterial blight and brown planthopper remained to be strengthened.

Breeding and cultivation technique of a new maize variety Guitiannuo 218 with quality and high yield

LIU Ya-li, CHEN Kun, GONG Xue, SU Qi, TENG Hui-sheng, YANG Yao-jiong, ZHONG Chang-song, LU Sheng-qiao, ZHANG Shu-kuan

2021, 60(22):  38-39.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.008

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Guitiannuo 218 is a new sweet waxy corn variety. It was bred by the waxy inbred line QSW07b-23 as female parent and wxwxsh2sh2 inbred line 604MHZ-20 as male parent. It was approved by Guangxi Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2016. In addition to good commodity quality, excellent edible quality, high yield, strong disease resistance and wide adaptability, this variety is an important type of fresh corn in China because of its F₂ ear waxy and sweet kernel ratio of 3∶1, taking into account the flavor of waxy corn and sweet corn and the taste of consumers in the north and south.

Resource & Environment

Effects of in situ returning of Brassica campestris L. waste on soil microbial functional diversity in the next season

XU Da-bing, XIE Yuan-yuan, SI Guo-han, YUAN Jia-fu, ZHAO Shu-jun

2021, 60(22):  40-46.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.009

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To reveal the effect of vegetables waste in situ returning on soil microbial function in the next season, the field experiment was carried out to research the effect of vegetables waste in situ returning on soil available carbon and nitrogen, and microbial carbon source utilization capacity. Three treatments set as follow： Conventional fertilization without returning（CK）, conventional fertilization with vegetables waste returning （FS） and conventional fertilization reduced by 30% with vegetables waste returning （FS-30N）. The results showed that compared with CK, within 60 days, the content of FS and FS-30N treatments on soil nitrate nitrogen increased by 6.51%~21.18% and 3.79%~18.99%, respectively, but the content of soil active organic carbon and the ability of soil carbon source utilization decreased. The diversity of soil microbial function changed significantly after the application, but the difference between the three treatments decreased after 60 days. Within 60 days, the utilization ability of carbohydrates and carboxylic acids of soil microorganisms was highest. Effect of carbohydrate and polymer metabolism of nitrate nitrogen was much more than that of active organic carbon. The carbon sources showed the greatest impact on the shannon diversity index（H）, and the least impact was obtained by average degree index（E）. Microbial functional diversity was most influenced by polymers, carbohydrates and amino acids all of carbon sources. Therefore, in situ returning of Brassica campestris L. reduced the soil microbial carbon source utilization capacity and functional diversity in a short period, but the decreasing trend was slowed down in the later period （60 days）, and the effect of 30% reduction of chemical fertilizer was much more than others.

Spatial variability and evaluation of soil properties and macroelements in lotus field of Guangchang county,Jiangxi province

ZHAO Yue, YANG Liang-bo, PEI Jia-chen, LIU Dong-bi, WU Mao-qian, TANG Ji-ping, ZHENG Xing-wen, XU Jin-xing, JIE Zhi-hui, LAI Ke-qiang

2021, 60(22):  47-50.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.010

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Field sampling analysis and geostatistical methods were used to study the soil attributes and the content of macroelements and their spatial variability in seed lotus fields in Guangchang county, Jiangxi province. The results showed that the average pH of lotus field soil in Guangchang county was 4.92, which was acidic soil, and the variation was small in the planting area of seed lotus. The average content of soil organic matter was 38.20 g/kg; The average contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were 2.16, 0.65, 24.70 g/kg, respectively; The average contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and slowly available potassium were 132.00, 41.20, 109.00, 1 000.00 mg/kg, respectively. According to the temporary classification standard, the contents of soil organic matter and available phosphorus were higher, and the contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium were lower. There were significant differences in the spatial distribution of soil organic matter and different forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The change trends of organic matter, total nitrogen and alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content were similar, that is, Yiqian town in the south and Changqiao town in the east were higher, and Ganzhu town in the north was lower; The content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in Changqiao town and western Toupo town was higher, and that in Yiqian town and Ganzhu town was lower; The content of available potassium was in Xujiang town and Chishui town in the middle; The content of slowly available potassium in Changqiao township was higher than that in Yiqian town and Ganzhu town.

Effects of different passivators on available cadmium contents in paddy soil and its accumulation in rice

FENG Jing-yun, NIE Xin-xing, LIU Bo, LI Fang-min, YANG Li

2021, 60(22):  51-55.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.011

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Three passivators （calcium and magnesium oxide （NL）, biochar （B） and carbonate rock （SRC） were used to pollute farmland soil with mild （S1） and moderate （S2） cadmium （Cd） in Daye city. Field experiments were carried out to discuss the effects of different passivators on available Cd contents in soil and Cd contents of rice grains. The results showed that all the three passivations significantly reduced the contents of Cd in rice grains. Compared with the control, the contents of Cd in rice grains in field test site S1 and S2 decreased by 42.88%~67.29% and 38.25%~52.59%, respectively, and the contents of Cd in rice grains in test site S2 even reached the national food safety standard （GB2762—2017 Cd≤0.2 mg/kg）. The above three passivator treatments reduced the contents of soil available Cd in different degrees. Compared with the control group, the contents of soil available Cd in S1 and S2 were decreased by 14.09% to 17.51%, 30.38% to 37.60% and 9.22% to 10.54%, respectively. Soil available Cd contents in S1 and S2 were a certain extent correlated positively with rice grains. Soil pH of S1 was significantly increased by three passivators, and soil pH was significantly negatively correlated with Cd content in rice grain, with a negative correlation coefficient （R²） of 0.727 8. There was no significant effect of the three passivating agent treatments on rice yield, and the requirements that the crop yield reduction not exceed 10% after the application of heavy metal passivating agents in the evaluation standard of NY/T3343—2018 was reached. The effect of in-situ remediation of the three passivating agents in the mild and moderate Cd polluted paddy soil was as follow： Biocharcoal>calcium and magnesium oxide>carbonate rock.

Experimental study on mixed composting of cow manure and moldy corn silage

BAO Xi-ming, LIU Wen-kai, XIONG Hai-qian, LU Hua-ping, XIA Jian-you, ZHOU Nian

2021, 60(22):  56-58.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.012

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In order to utilize moldy corn silage as a resource and relieve its pressure on the breeding environment,the cow dung and moldy corn silage was mixed with fermenting strains, and then compost fermentationwas carried out and its fermentation effect was explored by stacked composting method. The experimental results showed that compared with the control group, the experimental group could extend the duration of the high temperature period of the pile; The final pH of the compost was between 8.0 and 9.0, and the pH had a certain relationship with the nature of the material and the ratio of different components; The contents of total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen showed a decreasing trend, while the contents of total nutrients, P₂O₅ and K₂O all showed increasing trends to varying degrees; At the end of composting, all treatment groups failed to reach the standard of non-toxicity to cabbage seeds, it may be related to the pH of the material and the mycotoxins contained in moldy corn silage.

Effects of different water and nitrogen on tomato growth and root zone soil environment under the facility condition

MA Zhi-jie, ZHANG Xue-ke, BAI Jun-ying, WANG Jin-peng, CHEN Wei-dong

2021, 60(22):  59-63.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.013

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A field split plot experiment was set up, in which tomato was planted and bare field, two irrigation levels were 2.25×10³ t/ hm² （W1） and 4.50×10³ t/hm² （W2）, and two application nitrogen levels were 450 kg/hm²（N1） and 675 kg/hm²（N2） in the sub plot. The growth and yield of plants in each treatment were measured in the growth period, and the soil physical and chemical properties in all treatment root zone was measured after harvest. The results showed that compared with different water and nitrogen treatments, the chlorophyll content and total biomass of tomato leaves were the highest in W2N2; Compared with different treatments, the yield of W1N2 was higher than that of W1N1, W2N2 and W2N1, but there was no significant difference among the latter three. Compared with bare field, in planted tomato field the soil moisture and pH decreased by 17.3% and 2.08%; The concentration of nitrate nitrogen and EC increased by 29.2% and 84.4%. In planting zone under the same irrigation amount, the trend of nitrate concentration was the same, the higher the irrigation amount was, the higher the nitrate nitrogen concentration was 10~20 cm; The EC value of 0~50 cm in W1N2 treatment was significantly higher than that in other treatments. In bare field W2N2 of the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in different soil layers was significantly higher than that of W1N2, W2N1 and W1N1, and the EC value of 0~10 cm of N2 was significantly higher than that of N1.

Application of new generation radar characteristic parameters in artificial prevention of hail decision

HE Yang, LI Hong-bin, ZHANG Jing-xuan, XIA Wei, WEN Jia-liang, PU Wen-yao, ZHANG Dian-gang

2021, 60(22):  64-68.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.014

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Based on the radar cardinality data of 109 hailcloud cases observed from 2016 to 2018, PUP software processing and analysis were carried out. Combined with relevant business functions of the original Dalian artificial hail prevention decision command system, assisted analysis and value of radar characteristic parameters were conducted. The radar characteristic parameters of hail cloud occurrence and development, cloud top height, strong center height and vertical integral liquid water content were obtained. According to hail cloud theory and catalytic principle, hail cloud recognition and type discrimination based on SA new generation Doppler radar, as well as artificial hail prevention decision discrimination index and model were studied and established. In addition, 28 hail cloud cases in 2019 were verified and analyzed by using this index, and the accuracy rate reached 85.2%~86.8%. In particular, the radar data inversion analysis, such as hail cloud identification and hail prevention decision making, was carried out on the radar hail prevention decision command system during a severe hail weather process in autumn, as well as the comparative analysis of the old and new discriminant indexes, showed obvious results. It showed that there were some differences in characteristic parameters and human figure decision discriminant indexes of different types of radar, and the new ideas and methods of effective artificial hail prevention of strong hail cloud were summarized and discussed through the analysis and practical investigation of the artificial hail prevention technology of strong hail cloud.

Plant Protection

Study on herbicidal compound from fungi Xylaria sp. NH1801

LIU Fang, WANG Yue-ying, ZHANG Zhi-gang, WU Zhao-yuan, ZHANG Ya-ni, FANG Wei

2021, 60(22):  69-71.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.015

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In the screening of resources with herbicidal activity, a fungus Xylaria sp.NH1801 with significant herbicidal activity was obtained. The active compound of Xylaria sp. NH 1801 were traced and isolated and two compounds were identified as 19,20-epoxy-cytochalasin Q（1） and 21-deacetylated-19,20-epoxy-cytochalasin Q（2）. At 50 μg/mL, compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibition toward the root elongation of Echinochloa crusgalli（inhibition rates were 65.7% and 60.7%, respectively） and Amaranthus retroflexus seeds （inhibition rates were 77.2% and 75.4%, respectively）. This is the first report on the inhibitory effect of compounds 1 and 2 on Echinochloa crusgalli and Amaranthus retroflexus seeds.

Field virus resistance of different potato main cultivars in Enshi prefecture

ZOU Ying, ZHANG Yuan-xue, YAN Lei, GAO Jian-hua, HAO Miao, ZHANG Deng-hong, SHEN Yan-fen

2021, 60(22):  72-75.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.016

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The first ten main varieties of potato in Enshi prefecture, including Mila, E potato 10, E potato 12, E potato 13, E potato 14, E potato 16, E potato 17, Zhongshu 5, Feurita and Nanzhong 101, were used as the research objects, the self-retained species Mira was used as the control, which was not virus-free. The field resistance of different varieties was studied, and the field virus resistance identification, serological detection and yield determination were carried out. The results showed that E potato 13 showed sporadic disease and mild leaf rolling. The field detection rate was the lowest, which was 7.78%, the average yield was 88.8 t/hm², and PLRV was detected by ELISA. In contrast, the local self-kept agricultural not virus-free variety Mira had the most serious disease, showing serious leaf Mosaic and rolling leaves, with the highest incidence detection rate of 96.67%, and the lowest average yield was 24.3 t/hm², and ELISA detected PLRV, PVA, PVM, PVS four viruses. E potato 13 can be preliminarily designated as resistant and high quality variety for demonstration and promotion.

Trapping effect of two different principles insect-pest lights trapon target pests and non-target insects in rice field

ZHANG Shu, HUANG Jia-xiang, LYU Liang, CHANG Xiang-qian, YANG Xiao-lin, WANG Zuo-qian, WANG Jia-gang

2021, 60(22):  76-78.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.017

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Experiments of the trapping effect of insect trap lamps of two different principles on the target and non-target pests in rice field were carried out. The results showed that the amount of insect trap induced by a single lamp of solar-powered wind-powered insect trap was significantly higher than that of the solar smart grid insect killer. However, the amount of natural enemy insects and neutral insects was significantly reduced, and the trapping effect of the solar-powered wind-powered insect trap was better.

Horticulture & Local Products

Introduction of 9 varieties of sweet cherry in Shiyan area

ZHU Xian-bo, CHENG Jun-huan, XIA Hong-yi, LIU Tao, LIU Qiao, CHEN Shi-ming, WU Wei

2021, 60(22):  79-81.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.018

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Nine major sweet cherry cultivars, namely Zaodaguo, Burlat, Red Lantern, Sunburst, Lapins, Summit, Kaitlin, Van and Rainier, were tested in this experiment. Through the determination of botanical characteristics, phenological period, growth and fruiting,and fruit quality of different varieties, combined with the results of field investigation in local sweet cherry production areas, the high quality and high yield sweet cherry varieties suitable for cultivation in Shiyan area of Hubei province were screened.

Effect of root application of selenium fertilizer on dihydromyricetin and selenium content of Ampelopsis grossedentata

ZHANG Chao-yang, HUANG Guang-yu, CHEN Yong-bo, HU Bai-shun, QIN Bang, LIU Shu-qin, CHEN E, PANG Xu-juan, TAN Kun-lin

2021, 60(22):  82-85.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.019

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Taking Ampelopsis grossedentata as experimental material, the effects of root application of selenium fertilizer on dihydromyricetin content and selenium content of A. grossedentata were studied by randomized block experiment. The results showed that the content of dihydromyricetin in A. grossedentata increased first and then decreased from June to October. The content of dihydromyricetin in A. grossedentata increased first and then decreased among different treatments in the same harvest period. The appropriate amount of selenium fertilizer could promote the content of dihydromyricetin in A. grossedentata.

Effects of different plant growth regulators on the growth and development of central buds of Lilium davidii var. unicolor

YIN Ji-cheng, ZHANG Yi-ping, TANG Dao-cheng, TANG Nan, YANG Hong-xia, YAO Wen-zhou

2021, 60(22):  86-91.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.020

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Central bud of Lilium davidii var. unicolor was selected as the material of this study. The central buds were divided into two groups, with and without root of basal plate. Materials were treated with GA₃ （0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/L）, NAA （0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/L）, 6-BA （0, 1, 2, 3, 4 mg/L） and rooting powder （GGR, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 mg/L） to explore the effects of different plant growth regulators on bulb growth and plant height,and find the optimum plant growth regulator for the central bud of Lilium davidii var. unicolor. Results showed that when using central bud of Lilium davidii var. unicolor for propagation, it was not necessary to perform tedious root cutting. The application of low concentration of GA₃was beneficial to the growth of plant and bulb.

Spatio-temporal evolution and coupling analysis of landscape ecological security in Balikun county from the perspective of Sansheng space

ZHAO Juan, ZHANG Yun-xia, ZHANG Yong-fu

2021, 60(22):  92-100.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.021

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Based on the perspective of “Sansheng space”,we explored the evolution characteristics of landscape ecological security in typical arid areas,and comprehensively used landscape ecology, geostatistics and coupling coordination model. The spatio-temporal change characteristics and coupling coordination characteristics of landscape ecological security in Balikun county from 2013 to 2019 were analyzed systematically. The results showed that,①the forage ecological space and other ecological spaces in Balikun county were dominant, and the areas of forage ecological space and rural living space decreased by 22.94% and 26.49% respectively in 2019, while the areas of other ecological spaces increased. ②The landscape ecological security value of the study area showed an overall upward trend, and the proportion of basic safe areas and safer areas was more than 57.88% in 2019. ③ the Moran's I index of landscape ecological security value of each landscape unit in Balikun county was positive, and there was a positive correlation in space, which was mainly characterized by high-high aggregation and low-low aggregation, including convergence from 2013 to 2016 and divergence from 2016 to 2019. The semi-variation fitting optimal model of landscape ecological security value of each evaluation unit in 2013 and 2016 was exponential model, 2019 was linearl model, and the total variation of system caused by random factors （human activities） showed a downward trend. ④The coupling coordination degree of landscape ecological security value of Sansheng space increased year by year, in which the areas of basic coordination, moderate coordination and high coordination increased by 8 907.15 km², 2 541.46 km² and 4 797.08 km² respectively, while 10 750 km² and 5 490.38 km² decreased in severe and moderately maladjusted areas, respectively.

Temporal and spatial changes of landscape pattern and impact assessment of tourism development in Huangshan district

LI Jia-qian, LIU Chao

2021, 60(22):  101-106.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.022

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Huangshan district of Huangshan city was chosen as the research spot, this research analyzes the land use changes of Huangshan district in 2000, 2010 and 2020. Land use transfer martix, the landscape pattern index and correlation analysis were applied to analyze the spatial-temporal changes of land use in the Huangshan district, and the correlation between the change of different land types and the development of local tourism was analyzed. The results indicates that from 2000 to 2020, the main land use change in Huangshan district is farmland and forest converted into water area and urban area, the urbanization speed is fast, and the urban area increases by 2 681 hm²（503%） during this period. The urbanization process of the towns around the scenic spot is faster than that of other towns, which indicates that tourism will promote the urbanization process of the surrounding areas. The human activities in Huangshan district in the past 20 years have led to the fragmentation of the landscape. The urban expansion was lack of planning and relatively scattered, reasonable planning should be paid attention to the following development. With the development of local tourism economy, the area of water area and urban area increased year by year, while the area of cultivated land, forest land and grassland decreased yearly, which may be resulted in the change of the main income source of local people.

Research on the reconstruction of industrial and mining wasteland based on the restoration of ecological landscape of national space

LI Sheng-fang, ZHU Yi, XIANG Dong-wen, GONG Bin, YANG Jian

2021, 60(22):  107-116.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.023

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Based on the contents of ecological landscape restoration of national space, Lingshan industrial and mining wasteland in Jiangxia district of Wuhan city was studied. From the perspectives of natural landscape, cultural landscape and economic landscape, the strategy of repairing and transforming industrial and mining wasteland into mine park was put forward. Taking the restoration of natural landscape of industrial and mining wasteland as the guide, the ecological environment of mining area was restored to provide a healthy ecological environment base for the transformation of industrial and mining wasteland. Human landscape restoration was the key to show the characteristics of mining area transformed from industrial wasteland, economic landscape restoration and reconstruction as an important link between man and nature, in order to improve the quality of regional land resources, promote the transformation of mining industry, help the reuse of abandoned land, and provide suggestions for the development of regional ecological civilization construction.

Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

The influence of aflatoxin on blood routine index of black sheep

GUO Rui, TIAN Yong-xiang, LIU Wei, ZHOU Dan-na, DUAN Zheng-ying, YANG Ke-li, LIU Ze-wen, YUAN Fang-yan, GAO Ting, LIANG Wan, WANG Lei

2021, 60(22):  117-118.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.024

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Combined with the case of native goat mycotoxin poisoning cases, physiological and biochemical indexes of 30 disease of sheep. The results showed that the number of WBC, Alanine aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase increased after eating a large amount of mildew peanut vine （P<0.05）. Red blood cell volume distribution width, mean red blood cell hemoglobin concentration, alkaline phosphatase decreased （P<0.05）, other indicators showed no significant difference （P>0.05）.

Identification and fecal pollution control of intensive livestock and poultry breeding areas in Wuhan city

TAO Li-wen, RUAN Zheng, DAI Chang-yun, LIU Zhi-wei, DENG Bing, PENG Xia, SHAO Zhong-bao, PU Zhen-yu

2021, 60(22):  119-123.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.025

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At present, poultry and pigs were the main livestock breeds in Wuhan, and all large-scale farms were located in the new urban area. The density of livestock and poultry farms, the amount of breeding and nitrogen load of farmland in each administrative region of Wuhan city were analyzed. Three high-density breeding areas, Jiangxia, Xinzhou and Huangpi, were selected, and the area with the most intensive nitrogen emission was selected by taking the street as the unit. It included Wulongquan street, shanpo street and Zhengdian street in Jiangxia district, Liji street, Sandian street, Wangji street and Fenghuang street in Xinzhou district, and Liji street, Mulan township and Liuzhi street in Huangpi district. Finally, considering the actual planting situation of main crops in Wuhan city, it was determined that rice was the more suitable crop variety planted by manure.

Construction of the protein-protein interaction network of Chlamydia abortus

LIU Wei, YUAN Fang-yan, ZHOU Dan-na, LIU Ze-wen, GAO Ting, GUO Rui, YANG Ke-li, DUAN Zheng-ying, LIANG Wan, TIAN Yong-xiang

2021, 60(22):  124-127.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.026

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Analysis of the pathogen interactome is a powerfull approach for dissecting potential signal trasducion and new drug targets. A comprehensive protein-protein interaction network for Chlamydia abortus consisting of 220 proteins and 1 276 interaction pairs was constructed. Our analysis unraveled 20 proteins with highest interactions in the network, most of them are related to the function of transcription, translation and molecular chaperone. Further analysis showed that the chaperone proteins DnaK, GroEL and DnaJ had a high frequency of interaction, and could interact with multiple functional proteins such as ribosomal proteins and metabolism-related proteins. The results suggested that if the function of DnaK, GroEL and DnaJ were inhibited, the normal life activities of Chlamydia abortus would be greatly affected. Taken together, this study therefore provides valuable clues in exploring new signaling protein and new drug targets.

Isolation, culture and identification of Hubei porcine spermatogonial stem cells

ZHANG Li-ping, HUA Zai-dong, XIAO Hong-wei, REN Hong-yan, ZHU Zhe, BI Yan-zhen

2021, 60(22):  128-132.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.027

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The present study amimed to estabish a ripe system of Hubei white pig SSCs in vitro isolation and culture, in order to lay the foundation for related research. The testes of Hubei white pigs aged 5days, 10 days and 15 days after birth were studied,to obtained the spermatogonial stem cells of Hubei white pig by two-step enzyme digestion（4 mg/mL type Ⅳ collagenase and 0.25% trypsin）. The spermatogonial stem cells of Hubei white pigs were purified by low-speed centrifugation and differential adherence method and cultured in the sertoil cells of Hubei white pig that as feeder layer in vitro. Identified by alkaline phosphatase （AKP） and the results showed that the cultured cells were SSCs.

Storage & Processing

Orthogonal optimization of fermentation spice process of fructus mume and analysis of its aroma components

HE Li, LUO Hai-tao, LIU Si-kui, ZOU En-kai, REN Zhou-ying, SHAO Deng-yin, CHEN Jun-yu, LUO Jian-fei

2021, 60(22):  133-138.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.028

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Three strains were selected from the soil of the pine forest for the fermentation of fructus mume. Through the evaluation of the smell of culture solution, the one with better smell of the culture solution was selected for molecular biological identification and it was identified as Penicillium polonicum fungus, which was used to prepare fermentation spice of fructus mume. L₉（3⁴） orthogonal test design was used to optimize the process, determine the best fermentation process conditions, and analyze the types and contents of its aroma components. The results showed that the strain could be transformed into benzyl alcohol, phenylacetaldehyde and 3-methylbutyraldehyde with fruity flavor when it was used for the fermentation of fuctus mume. The optimum fermentation process conditions were fermentation temperature 25 ℃, fermentation time 24 h, and inoculation amount 2%. The process had increased and enriched the aroma of fuctus mume spice.

Study on the formula of konjac health noodles

LIU Ai-hong, LI Xiao-yun, CHEN Jie

2021, 60(22):  139-142.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.029

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Taking sensory score, broken strip rate and stretch properties as evaluation indexes, the formula of konjac health noodles were studied by single factor test and orthogonal test. The results showed that when the optimum proportion of konjac refined powder in the mixed powder was 10%, the amount of water added was 32%, the amount of salt added was 2.0%, and the amount of alkali added was 0.20%, the prepared noodles had smooth surface, moderate hardness, non stick teeth, good taste and good quality, which reached the noodle standard.

Optimization of enzymolysis process and Maillard reaction temperature for the preparation of tobacco bud spices

BAI Jia-feng, LIANG De-quan, WANG Xuan-jing, LIU Shao-hua, XU Chun-ping

2021, 60(22):  143-146.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.030

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Taking tobacco bud as raw material and the content of water-soluble amino acids and water-soluble reducing sugar as indexes, the enzymolysis temperature, pH, enzyme dosage and enzymolysis time were optimized by single factor test. Then, Maillard reaction at different temperatures were carried out on the enzymolysis products obtained under the optimized conditions. The volatile components were extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction and analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the optimum conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were enzymolysis temperature 50 ℃, pH 7, enzymolysis time 5 h and enzyme dosage 1.5%. Under these conditions, the contents of amino acids and reducing sugar were the highest. There were 45, 48, 47 and 43 kinds of volatile compounds at the Maillard reaction temperature of 50, 60, 70 and 80 ℃, mainly including alcohol, aldehyde, acid, ester, ketone, furan and pyridine. When the Maillard reaction temperature was 60 ℃, the total amount of aroma compounds was the most, up to 497.85 μg/g, in which palmitic acid, myristic acid, benzyl alcohol, phenylacetaldehyde and tricyclic terpenes had high content. Dihydrokiwifruit lactone, damascone, oleamide and 2-pentylfuran were the key aroma components in tobacco, which contributed significantly to the aroma of tobacco. The waste tobacco buds were treated by Maillard reaction after enzymatic hydrolysis to prepare the spices, which provided a new method for the actual production of tobacco spices.

Study on ultrasound-assisted alcohol extraction of flavonoids in Abelmoschus esculentus （Linn.）Moench

LYU Han-ning, HAO Wei-xi, TIAN Xin, REN Yu-he, HE Jun

2021, 60(22):  147-150.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.031

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Taking Abelmoschus esculentus （Linn.）Moench as the raw material, flavonoids were extraceted by ultrasound-assisted alcohol extraction. Through the single factor test and orthogonal test, the optimum extraction conditions of flavonoids from Abelmoschus esculentus （Linn.）Moench were determined：Ethanol concentration 60%, solid-liquid ratio 1∶25, extraction time 30 min and extraction temperature 80 ℃. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of flavonoids was 2.41%. The research results can provide certain theoretical basis for the development of related industries in Shangluo city and also have certain reference value for similar research.

Preparation of chestnut fish noodles

WANG Wei-xin, WAN Ming-ru, ZHAN Jian-feng, WU Peng, HU Ting, SHEN Jun-feng

2021, 60(22):  151-155.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.032

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Taking grass carp and chestnut powder as the main raw materials, the yeast fermentation method was used to remove the fishy smell, and the best deodorization process conditions were determined by sensory evaluation. Taking sensory score and cooking quality as the evaluation indexs, the influence of fish erosion, chestnut powder, starch, salt on the quality of fish noodles were investigated by single factor test and orthogonal test respectively, to determine the best production formula of fish noodles. The results showed that the best deodorization process were yeast powder addition 2%, the fermentation time 1 h, the fermentation temperature 30 ℃. The best formula of fish noodles were fish erosion 50%, chestnut powder 20%, starch 6%, salt 2.5%. Under these conditions, the chestnut fish noodles have a delicate taste, full of umami flavor, both chestnut fragrance, low break rate and low cooking loss rate, which is easy to promote production.

Dose distribution of ⁶⁰Co radioactive sources arranged in three layers

CHEN Yu-xia, QIU Jian-hui, ZU Xiao-yan

2021, 60(22):  156-159.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.033

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In order to understand the horizontal dose distribution and vertical dose distribution of 74 ⁶⁰Co source rods （activity is 1.11×10¹⁶ Bq） arranged in three layers on the source frame, the radiation field was measured by ferrous sulfate dosimeter and low range silver dichromate dosimeter. The results showed that the equation for the relationship between the distance（x） away from the source plate and the dose（y） in the horizontal direction of the irradiation field was y=0.847e^-0.014x, r=-0.989 3, and x was significantly correlated with y at the level of α=0.01. The inhomogeneity of dose distribution in the vertical direction was 1.17, which showed a uniform distribution. The cargo irradiation did not have to be manually replaced, which simplified the irradiation production process and ensured the irradiation quality of the product.

Detection Analysis

Rapid detection technology of copper ion in preserved egg pickling liquid

ZHANG Hui-xian, CUI Wen-wen, WANG Ming-rui, YAO Jing-jing, DU Jin-ping, SUN Jing, ZHANG Hao

2021, 60(22):  160-163.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.034

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A rapid method for determination of copper in preserved egg pickling liquid by bis-cyclohexanone oxalyldihydrazone （BCO） coupled with UV-Vis spectrophotometric detection was established. The reaction conditions of copper ion with BCO were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, copper ion presented a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0~2.56 mg/L with R² 0.999 5. The recoveries of copper ion spiked at 0.12, 0.24, 0.48, 0.72 g/L were between 97.9% and 103.4%, and inter-day and intra-day relarive standard deviation were lower than 3.17%, demonstrating good accuracy and precision of the proposed method. Finally, the proposed method was applied to monitoring the copper sulfate in the actual preserved egg pickling liquid. The established method provides a powerful tool for the real-time monitoring of copper ion during the preservation of preserved eggs.

Information Engineering

Application of regional economic data analysis system based on data mining model

CHENG Tong

2021, 60(22):  164-167.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.035

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In the regional economic analysis, the analysis of the regional economic data is difficult to obtain satisfactory results. Based on the regional economic characteristics, this paper adopts Multi-Agents distributed data management mode to build the data mining application framework of regional economic analysis, establishes the four-layer structure system through XML Web Service technology and XML format access, realizes multi-database access agent to centrally manage data access, and introduces Microsoft time sequence algorithm and expectation maximization algorithm for heterogeneous acquisition and data mining. Using C# language to develop regional economic data analysis system, it realizes data mining and structure display of different database data, and provides users with data sharing environment across database platforms.

Spatial and temporal variation analysis of straw burning heat source in three northeast provinces based on FY3 series polar orbiting satellites

WU Shuang, WU Ying, XU Zuo-min, SUN Tao, PEI Yu-hang, CHENG Chun-xiang, CHEN Jie

2021, 60(22):  168-173.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.036

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A dataset of heat source points for straw incineration in the three provinces of northeast China from 2015 to 2019 was established on the basis of the monitoring results of heat source points provided by the FY series of polar-orbiting meteorological satellites. The temporal and spatial variation trend of the heat source of straw burning in the three northeastern provinces in 5 years was analyzed based on several analysis method including the center of gravity shift, Moran index, etc. The results showed that the straw burning heat source monitoring frequency in the three northeastern provinces in the five years presented a characteristic of volatility. The heat sources of straw incineration in the three northeastern provinces were mainly observed in the spring and autumn seasons, and it mainly occured in Heilongjiang province. However, the heat source of straw burning in the three northeastern provinces was mainly concentrated near the border of Heilongjiang and Jilin, and there was a trend of shifting from Heilongjiang to Jilin. The corresponding agglomeration effect gradually weakens and the low-value gathering areas continue to expand. However, the distribution of heat source points for straw incineration is still relatively concentrated in the main agricultural areas.

Economy & Management

The influence of education level on the green agriculture production in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

DENG Qiu, TIAN Zhen-hua, WU Mei-feng, ZHANG Lu

2021, 60(22):  174-179.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.037

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Promoting the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is an important strategy related to the overall development of the country. It is of great significance to study the influence of education level on the green agriculture production in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Based on the relevant theories of education and behavior, this study used the panel data of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1998 to 2017 and the fixed effect model to explore the relationship between rural education level and green agriculture production in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The results showed that the rural education level had a significant promoting effect on the green agricultural production in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and the regional education level had strengthened this effect. Farmland infrastructure had a positive and significant impact on green agriculture production. The influence of rural education level in the lower reaches on the green agricultural production was less than that in the middle and upper reaches, but the influence of regional education level in the lower reaches was greater than that in the middle and upper reaches. Finally, the suggestions of paying attention to the development of rural education, constructing the service platform of inter-regional talent and technology flow, and improving the farmland infrastructure were put forward, in order to promote the green agricultural production in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Current situation and mode analysis of rural e-commerce promoting the integration of primary,secondary and tertiary industries：Taking Hubei province as an example

DU Ming-wei, CHEN Zhong-ming

2021, 60(22):  180-183.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.038

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With the rapid development of rural e-commerce, it becomes the power source to boost the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Taking Hubei province as an example, the current situation of the integration of rural e-commerce and primary, secondary and tertiary industries in Hubei province was analyzed through relevant datas, the process and fruitful results of the integrated development of rural e-commerce and primary, secondary and tertiary industries were elaborated through four specific integration mode cases. The results showed that rural e-commerce was the development engine of rural revitalization and important mean of rural poverty alleviation, which could effectively promote the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries and the development of local agricultural economy. In addition, the internal restriction factors that restrict the integration of rural e-commerce and the primary, secondary and tertiary industries at the present stage were pointed out, and the countermeasures and suggestions of accelerating the integration of rural e-commerce and the primary, secondary and tertiary industries were put forward.

Research on the development strategy of forest health tourism in Henan province based on SWOT analysis

ZHU Xiu-zheng, XU Zi-heng, BI Hui-tao, LI Xi-mei, HE Jing, GUO Er-yan, LI Zhi

2021, 60(22):  184-189.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.039

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The SWOT analysis method was used to analyze the internal advantages and disadvantages, external opportunities and threats of the development of forest health tourism industry in Henan province. The development of forest health tourism industry in Henan province had the advantages of special geographical location, convenient transportation, rich environmental resources and large market demand. It also had the disadvantages of imperfect supporting health tourism service facilities, insufficient publicity and lack of professional talents. At the same time, it had the opportunities of broad development prospects, government's attention and relevant policy support, as well as the threats of fierce competition with other provinces and cities, imperfect relevant laws and regulations. Finally, four development strategies, namely twist strategy （W-O）, growth strategy（S-O）, multiple development strategy（S-T） and defensive strategy（W-T） were proposed, in order to provide scientific reference for forest health tourism industry and high-quality development of forestry.

Current situation and countermeasures of traceability standard system of edible agricultural products in China

CHEN Ping-ting, ZHANG Yue-ting, SHEN Xiang-cheng, LUO Zhi-qing, MA Hai-rong, ZHANG Ming-xue, GUAN Bo

2021, 60(22):  190-194.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.040

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Agricultural product traceability standard system was the basis of agricultural product traceability system. Improving agricultural product traceability system could promoted the disclosure of agricultural product production information and protected the rights and interested of consumers. By introducing the historical evolution of the traceability standard system of edible agricultural products in China, this paper analyzed the composition, structure, age of the traceability standard of agricultural products and the main body of standard formulation, expounded the existing problems at the present stage, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions to realize the traceability standard system of edible agricultural products.

Dynamic forecast of cereals yield in Liaoning province based on influence index for bumper or poor harvest from historic yield

WANG He-ran, ZHANG Qi, CHEN Peng-shi, ZHAO Ming, LIU Dong-ming, HUANG Yan, HUANG Yue

2021, 60(22):  195-200.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.041

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Based on the influence index for bumper or poor harvest from historic yield, the dynamic forecast models for spring maize, rice, soybean of Liaoning province and 14 cities in 2016 were constructed, the dynamic forecast technology of cereals yield in Liaoning province was studied. The results showed that the forecast accuracy of unit yield of spring maize, rice, soybean in Liaoning province were generally over 80%, in different forecast time, the forecast accuracy of rice yield were generally higher than the other two, and the results were stable. This technology can realize the dynamic forecast of the three grain crops in Liaoning province and meet the needs of production forecast business of provincial and municipal crops in Liaoning province, in order to provide technical support for timely and accurate production prediction in the region.

Research on the influencing factors of mortgage financing demands of farmers' land management rights and intentions of financing mode in Xinjiang

YANG Hong-wei, MA Ying, SU Xiang-hui, ZHAO He-ping, ZENG De-peng

2021, 60(22):  201-206.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.042

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Firstly, Binary-Probit model was used to explore the impact of farmers' personal characteristics, household characteristics, social capital, financial environment, government and third-party support on the mortgage financing demand of farmers' land management right. Secondly, micro-datas were used to further analyze the mortgage financing mode of land management right that meet the needs of farmers. The results showed that six variables had a significant impact on mortgage financing demands of farmers' land management rights, including farmer's age, area of arable land, familiarity with credit personnel, credit satisfaction degree, government discount loan and professional land value evaluation institutions. In terms of financing mode intention, farmers had a higher acceptance of direct mortgage mode. Finally, this study proposed that all parties involved in the mortgage financing of land management rights should give full play to their roles, coordinate and cooperation with each other to fully revitalize rural land resources and promote the high-quality development of agricultural economy in Xinjiang by improving the financial literacy of farmers, optimizing the rural financial environment, innovating rural financial products, improving the quality of financial supply, giving play to the guiding role of the government, and establishing a multi-party cooperation mechanism.

Rural Revitalization

Research on the practical path of young talents to participate in rural revitalization

ZENG Bo-wei, LIU Ji-chun, LIU Si-meng

2021, 60(22):  207-212.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.043

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Through empirical research method and literature research method, the current partially representative rural revitalization industry models and their existing problems were analyzed, and the practical paths for young talents to participate in rural revitalization were explored. The results showed that the current rural revitalization models had shortcomings such as insufficient youth ratio, excessive agricultural input, lack of follow-up development and the conflict between traditional culture and modern concepts. The practical paths of ideological revitalization lead, intellectual revitalization assistance, cultural revitalization integration, capital entry support was put forward, in order to provide effective ways and methods for young talents to participate in rural revitalization.

The characteristics and current status of rural women in migrant work from the perspective of equalization of public services：Based on the empirical analysis of CMDS in 2017

CAO Zhi-jie, CHEN Zheng-fang

2021, 60(22):  213-217.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.22.044

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Based on the datas of China Migrants Dynamic Survey（CMDS） in 2017, the characteristics and current status of rural women in migrant work from the perspective of equalization of public services were empirically analyzed. And the configuration of basic public services in rural mobile women were analyzed through the logistic model. The results showed that personal characteristics, family characteristics, regional characteristics had significant effected on social security, health education, medical security and other public services. Married, non-manual labor, short-distance moving rural women had easier access to related public services.