Table of Content

10 August 2020, Volume 59 Issue 15

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Reviews

Research progress on rare microbial community

GUAN Jian-fei, SHEN Zhi-chao, CAO Yang

2020, 59(15):  5-7.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.001

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Microbes have a profound impact on people′s lives and they also affect the global biogeochemical cycle. A rare microbial community has an important ecological role, in evaluating microbial diversity, a repository with genetic and functional diversity, and serves severe important functions, such as driving the geochemical cycle, responding to environmental changes, degrading pollutants, and stabilizing the community structure. The concept, types, research methods, existing mechanism and function of rare microbial community were introduced, which could provide reference for further study of microbial biogeography and exploration of microbial genome.

Development and demand analysis of liquid fertilizer machines at home and abroad

ZHANG Lu-yun, HE Yi-chuan, YANG Huai-jun, HE Xing-cun, MENG Xiang-jin

2020, 59(15):  12-15.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.002

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Liquid fertilizer has many advantages, such as easy to be absorbed by crop roots, less pollution to the environment, flexible formulation and convenient application. It is a new type of fertilizer developed rapidly in China in recent years. The development status of liquid fertilization machinery at home and abroad was analyzed. The structure and working principle of several main liquid fertilizer applicators were summarized. The application status of liquid fertilizer applicators in China was discussed. The corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to promote the rapid development of resource-saving and environment-friendly agricultural industry.

Chemical constituents and development and utilization of mulberry leaves

ZHANG Qian, ZHANG Li-hua

2020, 59(15):  16-19.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.003

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The research progress on the chemical constituents and development and utilization of mulberry leaves in recent years was summarized. The active components such as flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, polyphenols, polysaccharides, alkaloids, sterols, volatile oil, amino acids and vitamins in mulberry leaves were mainly introduced. The pharmacological functions of mulberry leaves, such as lowering blood lipid, lowering blood sugar, anti-aging, anti-virus and anti-tumor,wereintroduced. The development and utilization of mulberry leaf products were summarized.

Breeding & Cultivation

Effects of sowing date and density on yield and quality of different maturity cotton varieties at cotton planting region of Poyang lake

ZHANG Li-juan, XIA Shao-nan, LI Yong-qi, XIE Ye-tao, YANG Tai-yang

2020, 59(15):  20-24.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.004

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To explore the possibility of replacing early-maturing varieties with medium early-maturing varieties at cotton planting region of Poyang lake,two representative cotton varieties of medium early-maturing variety Ganmianza No.1（C₁） and early maturing variety Zhongmiansuo425（C₂） were planted at three sowing date （A₁.April 28, A₂.May 10, A₃.May 26） and two densities （B₁.67 500 plants/hm², B₂.90 000 plants/hm²） using the crack zone design in 2018, and the effects of sowing date and density on yield, yield characteristics and fiber quality of cotton were studied. The results showed that the seed cotton yield of all treatments were from 2 513.5 to 3 072.0 kg/hm², and the yields of A₁B₁C₁ and A₁B₂C₁ were relatively high. The yield of A₂B₂C₂ was the lowest, and the difference between the treatments of A₃ was not significant. Sowing date had a significant effect on fiber quality. The quality of cotton fiber treated in A₃ was better than that of A₁ and A₂. In summary, the medium early-maturing varieties should be suitable for late sowing （before the end of May） at cotton planting region of Poyang lake, and as long as the density is appropriate and reasonable chemical regulation, they can grow and develop through their own automatic regulation mechanism to get high yield without affecting fiber quality, and can be used instead of early maturing varieties.

Application of winterness and springness identification of wheat on regional trial

MENG Li-mei, YANG Zi-guang, ZHANG Ke, SUN Jun-wei, JI Tian-hui

2020, 59(15):  25-27.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.005

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The wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） varieties （lines） from regional trial in southern Huang-Huai region and Huang-Huai dryland region from 2010 to 2019 were selected as materials. Field identification method of spring sowing was used to identify the winterness and springness of wheat according to the calculation of the earing stage and heading rate of spring seedling. The results showed that a total of 32 springness varieties （lines） were identified from winter wheat regional trial in southern Huang-Huai region and Huang-Huai dryland group,accounted for 4.78% of the tested varieties （lines）; A total of 18 winterness varieties （lines） were identified from spring wheat regional trial in southern Huang-Huai region, accounted for 21.43% of the tested varieties （lines）. From the appraisal situation, the method that setting of sowing date in recent 10 years is based on the local average temperature in spring, the first sowing date is the next day after the average temperature reaches 3 ℃, the second sowing date is the next day after the average temperature reaches 7 ℃, and the third sowing date is the next day after the average temperature reaches 10 ℃, was not restricted by time interval and was accurate and reliable through the 3 sowing dates confirmed each other. Among the tested varieties （lines）, the heading rate of varieties （lines） identified as winter type at the second sowing date in spring was less than 30%, and the plants was immature at the mature stage; The heading rate of varieties （lines） identified as spring type at the second sowing date in spring was more than 30%, the plants was basically mature at the maturity stage, and the seedling ear stage was more than 45 days. It indicated that the heading rate and seedling ear stage of spring sowing could be used as effective detection indicators for winterness and springness identification of wheat.

Resource & Environment

Analysis of two heavy precipitation under the control of subtropical high in Hunan

JIANG Shuai, ZHOU Li, YIN Yi-wen

2020, 59(15):  28-36.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.006

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Based on the station of national, regional station data and NCEP reanalysis data, the two process of heavy precipitation in Hunan on July 19 （0719） and September 4 （0904） under the control of subtropical high were comparatively analyzed. The results show： ①The two process subtropical highs were relatively strong, but their positions were quite different. The main body of “0719” was easterly, while the main body of “0904” was westerly. 925 hPa shear had a good indicating significance for heavy precipitation areas; ② The middle and lower layers of the precipitation area were convective unstable stratification, and 700~500 hPa was neutral stratification, which was conducive to the occurrence and development of precipitation. ③ It is found that the water vapor sources in the two processes were different by the air parcel tracking method. Water vapor mainly came from the western Pacific region in “0719” process, and came from the Indian Ocean region in the process of “0904”. ④ In terms of quantities, the energy of water vapor was vertically divided into unstable stratification of upper dry cold and lower wet warm wet in the “0719” process. In addition, the process vertical rose motion, convergence and divergence, and relative vorticity configuration were shallow, mainly concentrated in the middle and low layers. In the “0904”process, the wet layer was thick in the vertical direction. Influenced by cold air, there was an obvious zone, on the one hand, convergence rose with the warm current rendezvous, lifting up on the other hand, to reinforce upward movement, trigger instability energy, and process of vertical ascending motion area extended upward height higher than the “0719”, low-level convergence layer deep, relative vorticity upload more, corresponding to the greater the rainfall intensity.

Diagnostic analysis of a rare persistent rainstorm in late autumn in Hunan province

LIU Hong-wu, TANG Lin, LIAO CHUN-hua, WANG Qing-xia, DENG Zhao-ping

2020, 59(15):  37-43.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.007

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Based on the conventional meteorological observation data and 1 °× 1 ° NCEP reanalysis data, a comprehensive analysis of a rare continuous heavy rain weather process occurred in the central and northern Hunan province from October 27 to November 1 was carried out, 2014. The results showed that the intensity and location of the subtropical high, the activity of the low trough in the Bay of Bengal, and the east-west high-low situation were the large-scale circulation backgrounds that caused the heavy rain process; The high-level divergence, low-level convergence and strong ascending motion provided powerful dynamic lifting conditions for the rainstorm; The establishment and maintenance of the low-level southwest jet provided abundant water vapor conditions for the rainstorm. During the whole heavy rainfall process, the cold air activity was weak, and the rainstorm mainly occured in the water vapor convergence area on the left side of the southwest jet. The heavy rain in late autumn mainly occured in two stages. The first stage was the stable atmospheric stratification under the influence of the cold air from the east road, with a long duration; The second stage was the invasion of the cold air from the west road, with a short duration under the convective instability.

Analysis of vegetation cover change and climate driving factors on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau

XUE Yu-xuan, LU Hong-wei

2020, 59(15):  44-48.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.008

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MODIS product （NDVI and land surface temperature） and meteorological data （precipitation and temperature） from 317 stations of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau from 2001 to 2015 were used to study the correlation coefficient between NDVI and temperature, precipitation and land surface temperature, and the combined driving mechanism of three climatic factors was discussed. The results indicated that the vegetation decreased from east to west and from south to north, and the vegetation growth trend was positive on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The vegetation was positively correlated with precipitation, temperature and ground temperature. The vegetation had the highest correlation coefficient with temperature on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The primary driving factor for vegetation growth is heat. Precipitation and heat play a complementary role in the growth of vegetation on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.

Effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria inoculated with different phosphorus levels on lettuce growth and soil phosphorus forms

DU Lei, CHEN Gang, WANG Su-ping, HONG Juan, HUANG Xiang, ZHANG gui-you, LIAN Zhi-cheng, JIANG Li, YE Li-xia, ZHANG Li-hong

2020, 59(15):  49-53.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.009

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A potting experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on lettuce growth and soil phosphorus forms at different growth stages of lettuce （Lactuca sativa var. ramosa Hort.） under four application levels of calcium-superphosphate. The results showed, under the condition of soil phosphorus deficiency, that the application of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria could improve the leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight,leaf dry weight and root dry weight of lettuce, increased the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, enhanced the phosphorus absorption capacity in lettuce plants, improved the nutritional quality and yield of lettuce, reduced the accumulation of whole phosphorus content in soil, and promoted the release of effective phosphorus and the accumulation of effective phosphorus in soil reservoir. In the case of the soil phosphorus abundance, the application of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was weaker influence on the growth of lettuce and soil phosphorus. When the amount of phosphate fertilizer in the soil was 0.375 g/kg, the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria promoting growth effect of lettuce and the soil phosphorus to release were the best. The application of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria not only decrease the loss of phosphorus in agricultural land, mitigate the risk of phosphorus non-point source pollution, but also guarante the quality and quantity for farmers to maximize vegetable yield.

Effects of new compound fertilizer Heijindao on yield and lodging resistance of direct seeding rice

LIU Hang-jiang, TANG Le-dan, CHEN Guo-xing, SHI Shi-jun

2020, 59(15):  54-59.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.010

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In order to explore the application effects of the new compound fertilizer Heijingdao in production, taking hybrid rice variety Longliangyou 1988 and conventional rice variety Huanghuazhan as experimental materials, two fertilizer treatments were set and used common compound fertilizer as control to analyze and compare the effects of different fertilization treatments on rice yield formation and lodging resistance by field plot experiment. The results showed that, compared with control, the effects of Heijingdao compound fertilizer could effectively increase rice yield, and the main reason was that the the number of effective panicles and 1 000-grain weight were significant increase. It can increase the number of the highest stems and the number of effective stems of rice, but the final earing rate was not much different compared with that of common compound fertilizer. The increase of stem number made the leaf area index of each growth period significantly higher than that of the control. Dry matter accumulation and crop growth of rice applied Heijingdao compound fertilizer also showed significant advantages, ensuring the formation of photosynthetic products. This compound fertilizer can significantly improve the lodging resistance-related characters in the mature stage, the ratio of internodes of rice applied Heijingdao compound fertilizer was optimized to reduce the plant height and barycenter height of hybrid and conventional rice, and increased the basal internode thickness and wall thichness of the stem, so that the flexural strength of basal internode increased and lodging index decreased.

Effects of cover plant in winter on soil CH₄ and N₂O emission under the ratoon rice system

LYU Ze-fang, GAO Zhen-zhen, LIU Zhang-yong, JIN Tao

2020, 59(15):  60-65.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.011

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In order to study the effects of cover plant in winter on the CH₄ and N₂O emissions from ratoon rice system, the CH₄ and N₂O flux was observed by the static closed chamber-gas chromatography method under the treatment of ratoon rice-fallow （CK）, ratoon rice-rapeseed （FR）, and ratoon rice-milk vetch （MR）, respectively. Results showed that the CH₄ and N₂O flux of all treatments was low in the winter cover plant growing season, and was high in the rice growing season. The cumulative CH₄ emissions in the main rice growing season occupied 85.89% to 97.48% of annual cumulative CH₄ emissions. During the main rice growing season, the cumulative CH₄ emissions in the treatment of MR was significantly lower than that in the treatment of CK and FR. Over the ratoon season, there was no significant difference in the cumulative CH₄ emissions among each treatment, and which occupied 2.02% to 14.11% of annual cumulative CH₄ emissions. The cumulative N₂O emissions in the main rice growing season was 1.74 to 2.43 times of ratoon season. The cumulative N₂O emissions of MR was significantly lower than that of CK in the main rice season, and there was no significant difference in the cumulative N₂O emissions among each treatment in the ratoon season. The total annual global warming potential （GWP） of CH₄ and N₂O for each treatment was in decreased order of FR, CK, MR. And the GWP of CH₄ and N₂O in the rice growing season was significantly higher than that in the winter cover plant growing season. Meanwhile, the contribution of CH₄ emission to GWP in rice growing season was much higher than that of N₂O. Therefore, the main rice season is the key season for reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. And plant milk vetch in the winter season could reduce the CH₄ and N₂O emissions under the ratoon rice system compare plant rapeseed or fallow.

The evolution characteristics and the construction of climate hazard risk index of soybean autumn frost in Inner Mongolia

WANG Hui-zhen, TANG Hong-yan, LI Dan, WU Xiang-dong

2020, 59(15):  66-70.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.012

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Based on the lowest daily temperature and the earliest frost occurrence date of 119 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1981 to 2010, the maturity date of the 80% guarantee rate of different climate ecoregions was used as the boundary date to assess whether the soybean [Glycine max （Linn.） Merr.] frost disaster occurred. The climate hazard risk index system of frost disasters was constructed to analyze the evolution characteristics of Inner Mongolia soybean autumn frost and spatial distribution characteristics. The results showed that in the 30a time scale, different grade autumn frost of soybean occured in Inner Mongolia were slightly smaller trend, but the early frost days of different grades showed an early trend. The regional characteristics of frost occurrence were obvious, and the range of light frost occured in relatively large areas, and the interannual variation of light frost was obvious, and the date of occurrence was also significantly in advanced. The distribution law was that the frequency of autumn frost in different grades was generally high in the northeast, was low in west and southeast. The coefficient of variation and the spatial distribution of intensity and frequency were relatively consistent, and the regions with large variability were mainly distributed in the Daxinganling mountains and Yinshan mountains. Through the construction of climate hazard risk index model and classification of risk climate index, there was a large spatial difference for the risk of autumn frost in Inner Mongolia, the area with high risk of frost was concentrated in the northeast region. And among them, the south of Daxinganling was agricultural area that was one of the major soybean producing areas of Inner Mongolia. There is an advantageous condition for ensuring a high harvest of soybeans that mastering the change law of frost, rationally arranging crop varieties and familiarity, doing a good job in disaster prevention and mitigation and meteorological services for agriculture in the region.

Physiological response of Vigna radiata L. under cadmium stress

ZHANG Xiao-juan, ZHUANG Feng-hong

2020, 59(15):  71-74.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.013

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Hydroponic culture was conducted to study the effect of different concentrations of cadmium stress on the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristicsof seedings of Vigna radiata L.. The results showed that the plant height and fresh weight of seedings of Vigna radiata L. were inhibited with the increase of Cd²⁺ concentration; The chlorophyll content of the leaves of seedings decreased, but malondialdehyde （MDA） content, superoxide dismutase （SOD）activities, peroxidase （POD） activities and catalase （CAT） activities gradually increased with the increase of Cd concentration,while the soluble sugar content increased at the beginning then decreased. The results indicated that the Cd²⁺ stress would destroy the biofilm function of Vigna radiata L., caused the oxidative intimidation and affected their growth and development.

Evaluation and variation characteristics of climatic comfortability of human settlement environment in Tangshan city

SHI You-yu, CHAI Rui, WANG Ai-jun, CAO Ya-jie, FEI Xiao-chen, SUN Yun-suo

2020, 59(15):  75-79.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.014

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Using the meteorological data of Tangshan National Basic Meteorological Station from 1957 to 2018, the climatic comfortability of Tangshan city was evaluated based on the evaluation method of climatic suitability evaluating human settlement, and its changing characteristics were analyzed. The Mann-Kendall mutation test was carried out to analyze the annual and seasonal change of comfort index. The results showed that the climate comfort of Tangshan city was cold from January to April and from November to December, and it was comfortable from May to September and cold in October. The climate comfort index of the human settlement environment showed a linear upward trend. The monthly climate comfort index presented an inverted “V” type change, with the highest in July and the lowest in January. There was no mutation in the annual climate comfort index. The spring index had a mutation in the early 1990s. There was no significant mutation for the summer index. The autumn index had a mutation in the early 1970s, and the winter index had a mutation in the mid-early 1970s.

Plant Protection

Effects of systemic insecticides on biological activity and instantaneous rate of population increase of Aphis gossypii Glover

YANG Fan, ZHAO Qian-qian, WANG Pan, ZHOU Li-lin, SI Sheng-yun

2020, 59(15):  80-85.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.015

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In order to explore the new way of high precision application on cucumber （Cucumis sativus Linn.） plant, and screen efficient systemic insecticides against Aphis gossypii Glover, the corrected fatality rate and the instantaneous rate of population increase （r_i） of nine insecticides against A. gossypii Glover were evaluated by stem application. The results showed that the corrected fatality rate of acetamiprid 20% soluble concentrate and flonicamid 10% grain agent were significantly higher than the other insecticides. The corrected fatality rate of these two insecticides were nearly 100.0% on the tenth day and fifteenth day, and were still above 95% until twenty days after application. Flonicamid 10% grain agent had poor efficiency, but better persistance. The maximum mortalities of imidacloprid 70% grain agent and nitenpyram 10% aqueous solution were 99.3% and 95.0% on the tenth day, respectively, and were all above 90% until twenty days after application. The maximum corrected fatality rate of thiamethoxam 25% grain agent, cyantraniliprole 10% suspension concentrate, pymetrozine 25% wettable powder, dinetofuran 20% grain agent and spirotetramat 22.4% suspension concentrate were all below 90%. Under the treatment of medium and high concentration, acetamiprid 20% soluble concentrate and imidacloprid 70% grain agent had significant stage inhibiting effects on the population increase in the middle of the trail, whereas flonicamid 10% grain agent showed constant inhibition in the later stage. Acetamiprid, imidacloprid and flonicamid had higher systemic activity to A. gossypii Glover in cucumber plant.

Horticulture & Local Products

Effect of drought stress on light response characteristics of photosynthesis of Cyclobalanopsis gilva seedlings

WU Li-jun, LI Zhi-hui, YANG Mo-hua, LI Chen-xi, LI Jia-luo, LI An

2020, 59(15):  86-89.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.016

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Aiming to illustrate the photosynthetic response and adaptation mechanism of Cyclobalanopsis gilva to drought stress, simulating four soil water gradients in pot culture, the one-year-old seedlings of C. gilva from three sources were used to measure the photosynthetic light responses under drought stress. The results showed that, under different drought stress treatments, the light response curves of C. gilva seedlings from three provenances were basically the same. The non-rectangular hyperbola model fit well with the light response curves of C. gilva with the determination coefficient of 0.95. With the increase of drought stress, the maximum net photosynthetic rate（P_nmax）, the apparent quantum yeild（AQE） and dark respiration rate（Rd） of the three provenances showed a decreasing trend. The seedlings of Dongkou provenance of Hunan province showed some adaptability and tolerance under mild and moderate drought stress, which showed that the Dongkou provenance of Hunan province had a stronger adaptability to drought stress among three provenances.

Effects of four substrates on the leaf cutting propagation of Primulina macrorhiza

YAN Hai-xia, GUAN Shi-kai, SONG Qian, ZHOU Jin-ye, LA Yan-fei, LUO Shu-ming

2020, 59(15):  90-93.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.017

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In order to find out the effects of different matrix components on cutting propagation of Primulina macrorhiza, taking the whole leaves of P. macrorhiza as experimental materials, orthogonal experimental design was conducted to study the effects of four substrates including peat, perlite, vermiculite and rice husk charcoal on leaf cutting survival rate, number of cotyledons and total number of new leaves, and the optimum combination was selected. The results showed that among the nine treatments, the ratio of peat, perlite, vermiculite, rice husk carbon, for 4∶2∶2∶1（volume ratio） was the best cutting medium. Peat had significant effects on survival rate, number of cotyledons and total number of new leaves（P<0.05）; Perlite had no significant effects on survival rate, number of cotyledons and total number of new leaves（P>0.05）; Vermiculite had significant effects on total number of new leaves only（P<0.05）; Rice husk charcoal had significant effects on cotyledons only（P<0.05）. Orthogonal analysis showed that the best ratio of peat, perlite, vermiculite and rice husk charcoal was 2∶1∶1∶1（volume ratio） when the four components were used as cutting substrate.

Effects of different organic fertilizers on growth and physiological indicators of Mirabilis jalapa

BAI Xiao-xia, CAO Lei, AI Hai-jian

2020, 59(15):  94-96.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.018

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In order to understand the effects of different organic fertilizers on the growth and development of Mirabilis Jalapa L., different organic fertilizers were used to conduct experimental research on annual M. Jalapa. The rules of soil nutrient content and growth indexes under different organic fertilizers treatment were analyzed. The results showed that the soil nutrient content was obviously increased by applying different organic fertilizers, and the overall variation trend of soil nutrient content was the same under different treatments. The application of organic fertilizer had an obvious promoting effect on plant growth and root activity. The application of organic fertilizer could increase the photosynthetic rate and decrease the transpiration rate of M. jalapa, and enhance the resistance of plants.

Research on the construction of eco-tourism destinations for mountain and water of Ankang city

ZHAO Lin-long

2020, 59(15):  97-103.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.019

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Ankang city of Shaanxi province plays the role of connecting link, connecting east-west, radiating surrounding in the north-south tourism corridor and Han River ecological economic belt. In view of the three key problems in the development of Ankang tourism strategy including the utilization of the advantages of the geographical location of Ankang “center”, the construction of the Ankang-Zhangjiajie high-speed railway project and the coordinated development of the Han River eco-economic belt, the constructive suggestions are put forward in order to play a positive role in the development of Ankang tourism.

Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

Selection of suitable forage grass species in the rocky desertification area of Guangxi

DENG Su-yuan, YI Xian-feng, PANG Tian-de, YAO Na, CAO Shu-wei, SHI Jing, HUANG Yi-long, LIANG Yong-liang

2020, 59(15):  104-107.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.020

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In order to screen out the herbage varieties suitable for planting in the harsh ecological environment of Guangxi rocky desertification area and improve the ecological environment, 14 high-yield and high-quality herbage varieties were introduced for planting on the hillside in Guangxi rocky desertification area to observe the growth adaptation and measure the plant height, yield and soil nutrient changes. The results showed that Pennisetum purpureum Schumab cv. Purple, Aeschynomene americana L., Tephrosia candida DC., Paspalum wettsteinii Hackel and Stylosanthes guianensis （Aubl.） Sw had a better performance, and their coverage were up to 80%~100%, which were competitive with weeds, the annual output of fresh grass of P. purpureum Schumab cv. Purple was 15.63 t / 667 m². The output of fresh grass of other varieties of A. americana L., P. wettsteinii Hackel and S. guianensis （Aubl.） Sw was 2.01, 2.51, 1.96 t /667 m², which could be cut 3 to 4 times per year. In particular, S. guianensis （Aubl.） Sw could significantly increase the content of soil organic matter by 7.12% compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil was also increased by 13.68% compared with the control group. Tephrosia candida DC. seeds germinated less in the first year because of seeds hard, but the coverage also reached 80% in the second year. Therefore, P. purpureum Schumab cv. Purple, A. americana L., T. candida DC., P. wettsteinii Hackel and S. guianensis （Aubl.） Sw were suitable for planting in the rocky desertification area of Guangxi, and the control effect of rocky desertification was better. Meanwile, forage grass can be used for cattle and sheep breeding, developing rocky desertification mountain animal husbandry.

Comparison and preliminary application of five extraction methods of egg yolk antibody

XIANG Dong-mei, YI Si-yu, TANG Qing-hai, WU Si-wen, WANG Shu-shu, LI Yan, LI Lu, HAN Tao-tao

2020, 59(15):  108-113.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.021

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In order to obtain a relatively good extraction process of egg yolk antibody, five methods including octanoic acid method, water dilution method, chloroform method, ammonium sulfate precipitation method and polyethylene glycol precipitation method were improved in this experiment. Expression of recombinant porcine pathogenic Escherichia coli toxin STxB（rSTxB） was induced by IPGT, and then the immunogen was prepared by emulsifying the rSTxB with the adjuvant 71VG, and the hens were immunized, IgY was extracted by modified polyethylene glycol method. The purity of the IgY antibody was detected by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and the immunoactivity and titers of yolk antibody and serum antibody titer were detected by Western blot. The results showed that the extraction efficiencies of octanoic acid method, water dilution method, chloroform method, ammonium sulfate precipitation method and polyethylene glycol precipitation method were 96.00,81.99,155.50,65.34,46.00 mg/mL,respectively, and the extraction purity of polyethylene glycol precipitation was the highest. The molecular weight of rSTxB protein was about 25 kDa, the antibody titer in serum was up to 64 000 times, and the highest dilution factor of yolk antibody was 16 000 times. For the comprehensive evaluation, the extraction method of polyethylene glycol precipitation was relatively superior, and the extracted yolk antibody showed good immunological activity.

Storage & Processing

Optimization of extraction technology of polysaccharide in Polygonatum sibiricum by orthogonal method

WANG Yi, MU Qi-lin, TIAN Xiao-hai, WU Yun

2020, 59(15):  114-117.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.022

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The stems and leaves of medicinal economic plant Polygonatum sibiricum in Enshi city were used as test materials, and water was used as the extraction solvent to test the stems and leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum respectively, the optimized extraction process was obtained. The study found that when the ratio of material to liquid was 1∶20 （g∶mL）, the extraction time was 2 h and the temperature was 80 ℃, the yield of polysaccharide from Polygonatum sibiricum stems was 19.87%, the yield of polysaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum leaf was 17.13%. The results show that the polysaccharide content in the stems of Polygonatum sibiricum are higher than that in leaves, but in general, the polysaccharide content in stems and leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum are still relatively high, and industrial production can be considered for further utilization.

Detection Analysis

Analysis of some quality characters of waxy wheat and non waxy common wheat

CUI Wen-li, WANG Jun, WANG Hui, YAO Da-nian, SONG He, ZHENG Wen-yin

2020, 59(15):  118-121.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.023

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Waxy wheat and common wheat varieties （lines） were used as experimental materials to study the differences of some quality characters. The results showed that the average values of grain hardness, bulk density, water absorption, stability time, formation time and flour yield of waxy wheat were lower than those of common wheat, but the average values of grain protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value of waxy wheat were higher than those of common wheat. Compared with the three waxy wheat varieties, the hardness, sedimentation value and stability time were different.

Study on the correlation between potassium dichromate external heating method and ASI for soil organic matter determination

HUANG Xiang, DU Lei, HONG Juan, CHEN Gang, WANG Su-ping, LIAN Zhi-cheng, ZHANG Gui-you, JIANG Li, ZHANG Li-hong, YE Li-xia

2020, 59(15):  122-125.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.024

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The correlation between ASI method and potassium dichromate external heating method for soil organic matter determination is compared. The results showed that under neutral and alkaline soil conditions, the ASI method and the potassium dichromate external heating method were significantly positive correlation, and there was a certain proportion coefficient between the test values of the two methods.

Rapid determination of molinate residues in rice by gas chromatography

MENG Qing-shun, SUN Li

2020, 59(15):  126-128.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.025

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A method for the determination of herbicide residues in rice was established by gas chromatography. The method was validated by flame photometric detector FPD, external standard method and automatic injection. The results showed that the detection limit of diclofenac sodium was 2 μg/kg （injection volume was 1 μL, S/N 3）, the linear range of standard curve was 10~100 μg/kg （r =0.999 74）, the recovery of standard addition was 80.0%~97.5%, RSD （n=10） was 3.28%. The method has the advantages of high recovery rate, good reproducibility and short analysis time. It is an accurate, fast and simple detection method.

Determination of active ingredients in Dachengqi decoction of rhubarb and steamed rhubarb by HPLC

QIN Su-hong, QIN Qiao-feng

2020, 59(15):  129-135.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.026

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Simultaneous determination of 10 active ingredients in Dachengqi decoction of rhubarb and steamed rhubarb by HPLC. The column was Agilent Zorbax SB-C18（5 μm×4.6 mm×250 mm）, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution, gradient elution, flow rate was 1 mL/min, detection wavelength was 280 nm and 254 nm, column temperature was 30 ℃. The results showed that the 10 standard curves of 10 active ingredients in Dachengqi decoction of rhubarb and steamed rhubarb showed a good linear relationship in the detection range; the methodological investigation reached the test requirements. The content of 10 active ingredients in Dachengqi decoction of rhubarb and steamed rhubarb varied to varying degrees. The content of 10 active ingredients in rhubarb and steamed rhubarb has different degrees of change. These changes correspond to the effect of Dachengqi decoction in combination with raw rhubarb and steamed rhubarb, and the content of rhubarb anthraquinones to a certain extent, there is a certain influence and common relationship on the efficacy of Dachengqitang.

Study on quality standard of Shenhong Quyu Sanjie granules

ZHONG Wen, LI Lu-qing, YE Min

2020, 59(15):  136-139.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.027

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Thin layer chromatography was used to identify ginseng and safflower as control materials. The content of fumarate in the preparation was determined by high performance liquid chromatography,to establish the quality standard of Shenhong Quyu Sanjie granules. The results showed that the thin-layer atlases of the ginseng control medicine and the safflower control medicine showed clear spots, good separation effect, strong specificity, and no interference in the limit control. It has a good linear relationship with the peak area in 7.174~35.940 μg/mL（r=0.999 89）. The average sample recovery was good. The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control method of Shenhong Quyu Sanjie granules.

Information Engineering

Mode reconstruction of fresh agricultural products e-commerce from the perspective of information economics

ZHAO Jing

2020, 59(15):  140-144.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.028

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In order to effectively alleviate the quality information crisis of fresh agricultural products, increase the profitability of fresh agricultural products e-commerce, and break through the bottleneck of high-quality development of fresh agricultural products e-commerce, based on the relationship between the quality and information of fresh agricultural products, using the theory of quality information transmission in information economics, the origin of the quality information of fresh agricultural products is analyzed from the information asymmetry between the supply and demand of fresh agricultural products e-commerce. This paper puts forward three problems existing in the e-commerce mode of fresh agricultural products, namely, the limited transmission of quality information of fresh agricultural products, the “black box” of quality information in the supply chain, and the imperfect screening mechanism of quality information. This paper reconstructs the e-commerce model of agricultural products from the production, circulation and consumption links, and proposes that the production links should be transformed from scattered small farmers to highly organized agricultural cooperatives. The circulation links should be transformed from mainly transmitting the characteristic information of fresh agricultural products search products and experience products to mainly transmitting the characteristic information of fresh agricultural products trust products. The consumption links should be transformed from passive consumers mode of information transfer from receiving information to active production of consumers.

Research and application of floods forecasting model for small and medium rivers in Hunan province

TANG Jie, XU Jing-yu, LIU Hong-wu

2020, 59(15):  145-150.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.029

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According to the actual flood prevention needs of Hunan province, the small and medium river basins of Hunan province were divided into five major basins （Xiangjiang River, Zishui River, Yuanjiang River, Lishui River and Dongting Lake） using the natural watershed method. Based on the water levels of 27 hydrological stations and the precipitation products of the 97 meteorological stations and grids from 2008 to 2018, the relationship between heavy precipitation and floods were further studied. Thus a water level forecasting model based on river basin precipitation was established to predict whether there would be floods. The forecasting model was tested using the example of heavy precipitation and flood process from July 6^th to 13^th of 2019. Results showed that during this flood process, the forecasting peak value and changing trend of the water level were consistent with the actual water level. Therefore, the model has good effects on water level forecasting.

Biological Engineering

Genetic character analysis of two wild mulberry varieties in Ankang based on chloroplast matK gene sequence

WANG Rui-xian, CHU Qu, PENG Yun-wu, MENG Gang, LIANG Jia-jun, ZHOU Xiao-fan

2020, 59(15):  151-154.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.030

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The matK gene sequences of two wild mulberry that collected form Huangshitan and Baxian town （Ankang city, Shaanxi province） have been obtained by PCR. The length of amplified sequences is 1 715 bp while the ORF is 1 518 bp. Only one base difference when compared with each other. The genetic variations of 7 mulberry have been analyzed with the matK genes. The results showed that 6 variable sites were detected, which defined 3 haplotypes in Morus alba, and the haplotype diversity was 0.714. The nucleotide diversity was 0.001 32 and the average nucleotide difference was 2.000 respectively. As for the genetic distances, Baxian was closer to M. indica and M. multicaulis, while Huangshitan was closer to M. mongolica and M. cathayana. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the seven mulberries were grouped together, and the branch was shorter than other species, implied lower genetic diversity and fewer evolutionary events proceeded.

Study on tissure culture and rapid multiplication of Goodyera schlechtendaliana

FU Zhi-hui

2020, 59(15):  155-158.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.031

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Rapid multiplication and tissure culture were used to study the induction of buds and the proliferation and rejuvenation of cluster buds of Goodyera schlechtendaliana Rchh. f.. The results showed that with the increase of 6-BA concentration, the shoot proliferation rate increased, and a maximum of proliferation was obtained at 4.0 mg/L 6-BA, and multiplication of shoots could be achieved and controlled by combination of 6-BA 4.0 mg/L and NAA 0.2 mg/L. The rate of muhiplieation and growth could be improved in media supplemented 100.0 g/L coconut juice（CJ） and 0.5 g/L activated charcoal（AC）. Rooting of shoots were developed in 1/2 MS media with 0.5 mg/L IBA, 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 g/LAC.

Economy & Management

Study on the environment of agricultural trade liberalization in China

SHEN Lei

2020, 59(15):  159-162.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.032

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The basic characteristics of agricultural trade liberalization was analyzed. The agricultural environmental effects of China's agricultural trade liberalization, including technical effect and regulatory effect, scale effect and terms of trade effect, structural effect and income effect were expounded. Countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.

Performance evaluation of river chief system in Changzhou city based on the perspective of ecosystem service

DONG Xiao-die

2020, 59(15):  163-168.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.033

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From the perspective of ecosystem service value, this study interpreted the implementation target of the river chief system and constructed the effectiveness evaluation system of Changzhou city river chief system. Based on the relevant data of Changzhou city from 2009 to 2017, entropy method was adopted to determine the weight of each index, and TOPSIS model was used to define the closeness degree between index value and ideal solution as the implementation performance level of river chief system in each year. The results showed that the implementation of the river chief system played an active role in the governance of rivers and lakes in Changzhou city, but the system performance showed volatility. Suggestions were put forward from four aspects, such as system, assessment and evaluation, action and publicity.

Research on the coupling and coordination development of technological innovation capability and performance：Take Shanxi province as an example

LAN Mei-na, PENG You-yuan, LIU Yu-long, SUN Ya-rong, ZHAN Ting-bian

2020, 59(15):  169-176.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.034

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The coupling and coordination of technological innovation capability and performance can effectively promote the high-quality development of technological innovation. According to the panel data of scientific and technological innovation in Shanxi province from 2008 to 2018, the entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the technological innovation capability of Shanxi province, and the super-efficient DEA was used to evaluate the technological innovation performance of Shanxi province, and then the coupling and coordination of the two were analyzed. The results showed that the technological innovation capability of Shanxi province was at the “lagging” level and the performance was at the “catch-up” level. However, with the help of the performance level being superior to the capability level, the coupling coordination degree between them had been promoted from a slight imbalance to primary coordination. Finally,it puts forward suggestions such as the establishment of performance-driven technological innovation development model.

Influence of online Q & A comment features on perceived usefulness

ZHAO Ya-nan

2020, 59(15):  177-181.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.035

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Based on the elaboration likelihood model and the real online Q & A comments of “ask everyone” in Taobao, the influence of the quality, emotional tendency, consistency, total amount and feedback quantity of Q & A comments on perceived usefulness was studed by using questionnaire survey and hierarchical regression analysis by SPSS 24.0. The results showed that central pathway and marginal pathway factors had significant positive effects on perceived usefulness, and the former had a greater impact. It was suggested that users perceived usefulness could be improved by setting up online Q & A comment templates, refining overall indicators and guiding consumers comments.

Research on legal system of land management right circulation

ZHU Qiang, LI Xin

2020, 59(15):  182-186.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.036

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This study combs the relevant legal systems and local practices of the transfer of land management rights in China. Mainly aimed at the “Administrative measures for the transfer of rural land management rights”（revised draft for comment）. Combining with the newly revised contents of the “Rural land contract law”. Comparing with the content before the revision, it finds out what problems have been solved and what problems still exist. It analyzes the supplementary problems of the the subsequent normative documents issued by the local governments, and puts forward relevant suggestions for problems that still exist in combination with practice.

Cooperativity analysis of Chinese agricultural diversified investment in the process of modernization

BAI Shan-wen

2020, 59(15):  187-189.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.037

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With the rapid development of the market economy, the process of agricultural modernization continues to advance, which has played a positive role in promoting Chinese modernization cause. Because capital is an extremely important factor of productivity, the most important point in the modernization of agricultural development is the increasing demand for capital, but in practice, the capital of the agricultural industry has been continuously transferred to non-agriculture. In recent years, Chinese governments at all levels have gradually increased their investment in the agricultural industry, but their investment structure and total investment still can not meet the growing demand for capital development, then hindered the development of agricultural industry in the process of modernization. Therefore, in the development process of agricultural modernization, it is necessary to coordinate the investment behaviors of different subjects, thereby enhancing the diversified investment cooperativity of modern agriculture and promoting the development and realization of agricultural modernization. This study focuses on the development process of agricultural modernization, analyzes the system and influencing factors of Chinese agricultural diversified investment cooperativity in the process of modernization, and proposes policy recommendations to promote the cooperativity of agricultural diversified investment.

The performance of scientific and technology investment in China from the perspective of externality and endogencity： Based on the comparison between government and market

ZHAO Dang-ru, LIU Ling

2020, 59(15):  190-195.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.038

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Based on A-shares listed micro data of companies manufacturing from 2016 to 2017, this study uses DEA-Tobit model to calculate the government investment in science and technology influence on the performance of enterprise investment in science and technology level, and considers the output of science and technology under the influence of negative externalities based on the provincial macro data of 30 provinces（cities, autonomous regions） in China from 2016 to 2017,and then uses improved unexpected SBM model to measure China’s 30 provinces（cities, autonomous regions） of investment in science and technology performance of the government and enterprises by eliminating the impact on enterprise investment in science and technology of government investment in science and technology endogenous. The results show that government investment in science and technology negatively regulates the relationship between enterprise investment in science and technology and its performance. The performance of government and market investment in science and technology is higher in the developed regions. The performance of enterprises in the eastern coastal areas with the highest level of economic and technological development is higher than that of the government. The performance of the government and the market in the central region with a weak level of economic and technological development is equal to that of the market. The western region government investment in science and technology performance is higher than the market. The environmental pollution caused by science and technology in the central region with weak economy is more than that in the eastern region with the best economic development and the western region with the weakest development, which is in line with the inverted “U”relationship between the level of science and technology development and environmental pollution.

Rural Revitalization

The establishment and practice of the cohesion loop mode of village industry development based on the polymerization and reconstruction：A case study of Gantou village, Lingbao city, Henan province

LI Bao-hua

2020, 59(15):  196-203.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.039

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Firstly, the study combed the type of village industrial, and sumed up the three major embarrassment, development strategy of the three stages were formulated, included pre-positioning, medium-term construction and late development. Secondly, in time longitudinal and cross-dimensional analyed the factors affecting of village industries, based on the choice of polymerization and the reconstruction, a cohesive mode of industrial development was established. Finally, taking Gantou village, Xiyan township, Lingbao city, Henan province as an example, relevant contents development mode of industrial the cohesive ring model are applied practically.

A study on the influencing factors of the sustainable livelihood of the shake off poverty households in the context of rural revitalization： A case study of the Qinba Mountain area

XIA Shi-han, WANG Jian-hong

2020, 59(15):  204-208.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.040

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Based on the household survey data of Qinba Mountain area, the factors affecting sustainable livelihood of shake off poverty households in this area were analyzed by principal component factor analysis. The results show that the livelihood level of shake off poverty households in Qinba Mountain area have improved significantly but the structure is not balanced. The livelihood of shake off poverty households are too dependent on nature, material capital and government investment. The investment in financial, human and social capital are relatively lacking, which need to be further strengthened. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.

Government support, R&D investment and innovation speed of agricultural enterprises under rural revitalization strategy

ZHANG Yu-meng, MENG Qing-jun

2020, 59(15):  209-212.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.041

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With the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,solving the problems concerning “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” has become an important part of the party’s work. Agricultural enterprises as one of the key power to promote the development of agricultural economy, are faced with the important opportunities for innovation and development. Thus, it is very important to accelerate the innovation speed of agricultural enterprises at present. In this study, 14 agricultural companies listed on Shanghai and Shenzhen a-share markets from 2014 to 2018 are selected as research objects to test the influence between government support, R&D investment and innovation speed. The results show that government support is conducive to the increase of agricultural enterprises’ R&D investment,and R&D investment has a significant effect on promoting the innovation speed of agricultural enterprises. In addition, the combination of government support and R&D investment can greatly improve the innovation speed of agricultural enterprises.Therefore, in the context of the rural-revitalization strategy, the government should further increase the subsidy to agricultural enterprises, and at the same time, agricultural enterprises are supposed to constantly increase the investment in research and development, so as to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, and achieve innovative development.

Value analysis of Chinese traditional culture in helping rural revitalization

YIN Xing-chuang, WANG Xiao-xia

2020, 59(15):  213-216.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.15.042

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Under the background of Rural Revitalization Strategy, the value of Chinese traditional culture in rural revitalization was analyzed, and the countermeasures and suggestions to give full play to the value of traditional culture and help rural revitalization were put forward.