Table of Content

10 February 2020, Volume 59 Issue 3

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Reviews

Resarch progress of transcription mediator complex

WANG Wen, LIU Kun

2020, 59(3):  5-8.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.001

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The mediator complex, a highly conserved large complex with modular tissue, is widely distributed in eukaryotes and is involved in the transmission of information between transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. The main function of the mediator complex is to regulate the expression of downstream genes by interacting with transcription factors stimulated by different signaling pathways. In addition, the mediator complex interacts with various cofactors to participate in processes such as transcriptional elongation, mRNA export, and selective splicing, thereby controlling various physiological functions of the cell. The close relationship between mediator complexes and disease makes it possible to study the treatment of disease with mediator as a target. Based on the structure of the mediator complex, the molecular mechanism and function of the mediator complex in the regulation of gene expression were introduced, in order to provide reference for the following research.

Advances in chemical compounds and pharmacological effects of Pilea cavaleriei Levl

CHEN Xiao-yi, PANG Yu-zhou, WANG Zhi-ping

2020, 59(3):  13-16.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.002

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Pilea cavaleriei Levl. is the whole plant of urticaceae. It mainly contains sesquiterpenes and their glycosides, volatile oil and other components. It has the effects of clearing away heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling, diuresis, relieving phlegm and relieving cough. The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Pilea cavaleriei Levl. was reviewed in order to provide a basis for the further development and utilization of Pilea cavaleriei Levl..

Research progress on Chinese yam micro tuber

XIANG Fa-yun, ZHANG Qing-hua, ZENG Xiang-guo, GUI Bao-chuan, GUO Cong, GUAN Wei, CHEN Feng-ying, CHEN Xi-yang, HAN Yong-chao

2020, 59(3):  17-20.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.003

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Chinese yam micro tuber is the main way to obtain the good Chinese yam virus-free varieties. The research progress of Chinese yam micro tuber at home and abroad was introduced, including the local varieties of Chinese yam, the significance of micro tuber research, the factors affecting the production efficiency of micro tuber, the precautions for micro tuber transplanting, the field growth of micro tuber, the problems existing in micro tuber production, and the prospect of application of micro tuber in production.

Cultivation & Breeding

Experiment report on maize-late rice cropping pattern in Jianghan plain

YANG Yan-bin, BA Si-he, XU Hua-yan, SUN Chen

2020, 59(3):  21-24.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.004

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Selecting early matured maize varieties such as Denghai 618, Weike 711, Zhengdan 958（CK）, silage maize variety of Yaqingzhu No.8, and fresh eating corn varieties of Yuetian 16, Jingkenuo 2000, Yuetian 28 and Yunuo No.7 in the spring sowing, followed by direct seeding a late japonica rice variety Tiejing 17 and an early autumn sown rice variety Liangyou 287 into corn stubble, farmers can work under a paddy-upland rotation system, and can get harvest of two crops twice a year. The maximum output of corn kernels of early matured maize sown in spring reached 8 820.0 kg/hm². The maximum output of direct seeding late japonica rice reached 7 722.0 kg/hm². The minimum output of kernels of two crops in two seasons reached 15 165.0 kg/hm². It is proposed that the growth period of early spring matured maize should be controlled within 120 days from March 20（sowing） to July 20 （ripening） with accumulated temperature of 2 600 ℃. The growth period of late japonica rice varieties should be controlled within 100 days with accumulated temperature of 2 360 ℃. The crops are direct seeding with stubble on July 20, full heading around September 17 and ripened before the end of October.

Benefit analysis on new planting patterns of broad bean-organic sweetpotato with high efficiency in Xichong dryland

SHEN Xue-shan, QU Hui-juan, ZHOU Quan-lu, ZHU Ling, WANG Chang-tao, ZHENG Sheng-hua

2020, 59(3):  25-28.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.005

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To research the yield and economic benefit of new planting patterns with sweetpotato in dryland, new double cropping planting pattern of broad bean-organic sweetpotato and traditional pattern of maize-wheat-sweetpotato（CK） were conducted in Xichong county, Nanchong city, Sichuan province. The results indicated that, compared with the local traditional patterns, the unprocessed food grain yield of new planting pattern of double cropping that broad bean-organic sweetpotato was decreased by 78.47%~84.08%, but the total output value of that were increased by 36.61%~49.46%, net output value of that were increased by 65.67%~87.38%, net benefits of that were increased by 3.64~4.64 times than control, agriculture labour net productivity of that were increased by 1.01~1.27 times. It can be seen that the new pattern of broad bean-organic sweetpotato has a good prospect in popularization and application in Xichong county and other similar regions.

Effects of Cd²⁺ stress on photosynthetic physiology and antioxidant enzyme activities of Shangmai 1619 seedlings

WU Xiu-ning, CHE Li-ping, ZHANG Jun, ZHAO Yong-ping

2020, 59(3):  29-32.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.006

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To explore the effects of Cd²⁺ stress on physiological characteristics of wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） variety Shangmai 1619 regional test control variety seedling, taking Shangmai 1619 and Xiaoyan 15 as tested materials, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic physiological parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat seeding under different Cd²⁺ stresses were determined under hydroponic conditions. The results showed that, after Cd²⁺ stress, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate （P_n）, transpiration rate（T_r）, stomatal conductance（G_s）, intercellular CO₂ concentration （C_i）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and peroxidase（POD） activity of two wheat cultivars all decreased. Catalase（CAT） activity and malondialdehyde（MDA） content in Shangmai 1619 increased, while that of Xiaoyan 15 decreased. Comparatively speaking, Shangmai 1619 showed weaker resistance than Xiaoyan 15 under Cd²⁺ stress.

Resouree & Environment

Study on evaluation of intensive use of agricultural land in Huanggang city

DAI Jie, GUO Lei, LIU Meng-ba

2020, 59(3):  33-37.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.007

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Taking Huanggang city as a research area, using principal component analysis method and multi-objective decision-making method, the indicators of agricultural land input intensity, agricultural land use degree, agricultural land output effect and agricultural land sustainability were selected to construct agricultural land intensification in Huanggang city, and the intensive use of agricultural land was evaluation. On this basis, the intensive use of agricultural land in various counties （cities, districts） of Huanggang city in 2015 and the changes in the intensive use of agricultural land in Huanggang city from 2010 to 2015 was analyzed. The results showed that the comprehensive scores of intensive use of agricultural land in counties and districts of Huanggang city ranged from -0.78 to 1.22 in 2015, the overall intensive utilization level was in a medium-low state, and the intensive use of agricultural land in each county was different. Among them, the agricultural land in Huangzhou district and Luotian county was intensively utilized, the agricultural land in Yingshan county, Tuanfeng county and Huangmei county was generally intensively utilized, and the agricultural land in Wuxue city, Macheng city, Shachun county and Hong'an county was intensively utilized. The agricultural land in Qinshui county was extensively utilized. The comprehensive score of agricultural land intensive use in Huanggang city was between -0.40 and 1.15 from 2010 to 2015, and the intensive utilization degree showed an overall upward trend. The research results were in line with the actual use of agricultural land in the region, and corresponding suggestions based on the intensive use of cultivated land in Huanggang city were put forward, which had certain guiding significance for the efficient intensive and sustainable use of agricultural land in Huanggang city.

Effect of potassium fertilizer application rate on yield and potassium use efficiency of rice-rape rotation system

SHAO Wen-sheng, ZHOU Xiong, HE De-zhi, TIAN Gui-sheng, LU Jian-wei

2020, 59(3):  38-41.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.008

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Taking rice-rape rotation system as research object, the effects of potassium （K） application rates on rice-rape rotation system crop yield, K accumulation and use efficiency of rice and ripe were studied by fields experiments with K₂O rates of 0, 120 and 240 kg/hm². In which, the K₂O rate of 120 kg/hm² is recommended amount of potassium fertilizer for local soil test formulations. The results showed that crop yield of the rice-rape rotation system was increased at the first and then gradually decreased with the increment of the K application rates,and reached maxima under the K fertilizer application rate of K₂O 120 kg/hm². The K fertilizer utilization efficiency of rice and rape were decreased significantly with the increment of the K application rates. In conclusion, under this field experiment conditions, the optimal K fertilizer application amount is K₂O 120 kg/hm² in Wuxue city, Hubei province.

Causes comparison analysis of environmental changes in Hunshandake in recent 15 years

GAO Jian, WEI Cheng-lin, NING Xiao-li

2020, 59(3):  42-47.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.009

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Hunshandake sandland becoming one of the main sand and dust sources in Beijing and Tianjin region, and it threatened the social, economic sustainable development and ecological security around Beijing, Tianjin and north China. The natural environment, socio-economic characteristics and ecological environment of the Hunshandake sandland in 2001 and 2015 were compared, and the ecological status, climate change trends, and components of ecosystem components were analyzed to explore the causes of changes in the ecological environment in this region. The results showed that changes in temperature and precipitation in the Hunshandake sandland have less impact on the ecological environment of the area. Additionally, the number of livestock has shown a downward trend, the degree of desertification has been decreasing, and the ecological environment is improving gradually. Finally, the output of the primary industry was maintained at the same level for a long time. In recent years, although the ecological environment has improved, but still cannot be neglected the deteriorating areas. People must be increase the ecological awareness continuously, and continue to promote governance measures such as grazing prohibition and afforestation.

Evaluation on land ecological security in mountains of northern Guangdong province based on principal component analysis

MA Jun-wei

2020, 59(3):  48-52.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.010

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In order to explore the status of land ecological security in mountainous of northern Guangdong province, 14 indicators from the aspects of resource and environmental pressure, land use status and social economic development were selected by the principal component analysis method, then the evaluation index system with county administrative division as evaluation unit was built to comprehensively evaluate the land ecological security in the mountainous of northern Guangdong province. The results showed that the comprehensive score of land ecological security in the mountainous of northern Guangdong province was 0.477 9, which was in the level Ⅲ, critical safety. The spatial ecological security level of this area showed the regional difference that west was high and east was low in spatial distribution. Population density and economic development level were the main factors affecting the ecological security of mountainous in northern Guangdong province, and have a negative correlation with the level of land ecological security.

GIS-based zoning of geological hazard’s susceptibility in Ankang city of Shaanxi province

ZHEGN Zhi-guo, GUO Jun-li, LI Ping-lu

2020, 59(3):  53-57.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.011

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Based on the survey of geography disasters in Ankang city of Shaanxi province, an evaluation index system by choosing annual precipitation, slope, elevation, point density of disasters, soil type and human engineering activities was established. Adopting information analyzing model of GIS, the susceptibility zones of geography disasters in Ankang ctiy was made. The results show that Ankang ctiy could be divide into four geological hazard zones, including high-incidence zone, middle-incidence zone, low-incidence zone and nonoccurrence zone. Among the zones, the area of high-incidence zone is 6 135 km², covering 26.52% of the total area; the area of middle-incidence zone is 8 096 km², covering 35.01% of the total area; the area of low-incidence zone is 6 488 km², covering 28.05% of the total area; the area of nonoccurrence zone is 2 411 km², covering 10.42% of the total area.

Comparative analysis of two strong snowstorms in the northeast of Hunan province in 2018

YIN Yi-wen, JIANG Shuai, XU Li-li, CHANG Li-wei

2020, 59(3):  58-66.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.012

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Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed data and the conventional observational meteorological observing station data, two strong snowstorms in Hunan province in 2018 were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that both snowstorms were caused in "Ω" circulation situation at 500 hPa, but there was a significant difference in the middle-low atmosphere. The first process （January 24 to 31, 2018） had a shear line and a good vapor condition, and the warm and wet air were forced to climb, because the cold air wedged in from the near ground. In the second process （December 28, 2018 to January 3, 2019）, a strong and stable cold pad had been formed before the snow, and the warm and wet air climbed along the pad at 850 hPa. The snowstorm areas were located in the left side of the large water vapor flux area and near the vapor flux divergence center. The main reason for the difference of water vapor is the different sources of water vapor by the Lagrange air parcel tracking method. The water vapor in the first process mainly came from humidified northerly backflow which through the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea from the bottom of the high pressure and the Arabian Sea, the second process was from Indo-China peninsula and India peninsula. The two processes both had pseudo-equivalent potential temperature intensive zone and the surface front zone near the 22° N. The slope of the second process was higher than that of the first process and the wet air climb obviously, which caused the low-level cyclonic vorticity increases, and the relative humidity, the relative vorticity and vertical movement extend upward significantly at 12 hours before the start of heavy snowstorm, which has precursory significance for the prediction.

Comparative study on acute oral toxicity of water-soluble fertilizers of different types in mice

YANG Tong-jin, TENG Jing-jing, ZHENG Si-yu, FENG Xue-qing, BAO Jun-hui, WANG Yan

2020, 59(3):  67-70.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.013

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Using the commissioned samples of water-soluble fertilizers received by Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the acute oral toxicity tests were carried out according to Fertilizer Registration-Determination and Evaluation of Acute Oral Toxicity（NY 1980—2010）, and then the acute oral toxicity of five different types water-soluble fertilizers in mice were compared, so as to provide the basis for fertilizer selection and treatment of fertilizer poisoning personnel. The results showed that the major element water-soluble fertilizers, amino acid water-soluble fertilizers and humic acid water-soluble fertilizers were actually non-toxic, the medium element water-soluble fertilizers were actually non-toxic or low toxicity, and the trace element water-soluble fertilizers belonged to low toxicity.

Application of three cluster methods on regionalization of temperature and precipitation in Hunan province

LI Yi-zhi, DAI Ze-jun, ZHU Yu-xiang, LUO Bo-liang, DENG Jian-bo

2020, 59(3):  71-78.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.014

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Based on the monthly temperature and precipitation data from 90 stations in Hunan province from 1961 to 2015, the eigenvectors of annual mean temperature and annual total precipitation were extracted by REOF method. Based on this, K-means clustering method, sample system clustering method and fuzzy C-means clustering method were used to partition, and the most reasonable partitioning results were selected. The results show that the annual average temperature in Hunan province is divided into four zones： northeastern Hunan, northwestern Hunan and western Hunan, central Hunan and southern Hunan, and southeastern Hunan; The precipitation in Hunan is divided into six zones： northwestern Hunan, northeastern Hunan, western Hunan, southwestern Hunan, central Hunan, and southern Hunan.

Plant Protection

Preparation of antimicrobial plant medium and research of its antibacterial properties

ZHANG Xin, CHEN Jing-wen

2020, 59(3):  79-81.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.015

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Nanosilver particles were obtained by liquid phase reduction of AgNO₃, and nanosilver composite plant medium with good antimicrobial capability was successfully prepared to realize open culture of plant tissues. The experiment mainly included the preparation of nanosilver particles and the preparation of composite plant medium. First, nanosilver particles were prepared in AgNO₃ solution using fructose and D-glucose as reduction reagents. The effect of AgNO₃ concentration on the nanoparticle size was investigated. Second, the solvent containing the nanosilver particles was added in B5 medium to form a composite plant medium. It was found that with the increase of AgNO₃ solution concentration, the average size of nanosilver particles increased, and the size distribution range became wider. Moreover, the composite B5 medium containing the nanosilver particles exhibited significant antimicrobial capability.

The field efficacy test of different insecticides with one-time application to sugarcane borers

LUO Ya-wei, QIN Zhen-qiang, LI De-wei, LIANG Tian

2020, 59(3):  82-86.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.016

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In order to reduce the usage amount and frequency of insecticide on sugarcane borers, the field efficacy of six different insecticides with one-time application on borers and its effect on sugarcane yield and brix were studied. The results showed that there had better control efficacy on the borers in new-plant seedling when spray the 10% clothianidin·monosultap granules of 75 kg/hm², 30% chlorantraniliprole·thiamethoxam suspending agent of 600 mL/hm², 2% imidacloprid granules of 75 kg/hm², 3.6% insecticidal double particle and 60% dinotefuran dispersible powder of 150 g/hm² on sugarcane with one-time application. The control efficacy of 10% clothianidin·monosultap granules of 75 kg/hm² and 30% chlorantraniliprole·thiamethoxam suspending agent of 600 mL/hm² were more than 70% after applied for 45 days and 60 days. In ratoon sugcarcane, the control efficacy of 10% clothianidin·monosultap granules of 75 kg/hm² and 30% chlorantraniliprole·thiamethoxam suspending agent of 600 mL/hm² on borers also were higher than the other insecticides tested. There were no significances on brixs, effective stems and yields of sugarcane in new-plant among the six insecticides compared the control without use insecticide. On the other hand, there were no significance on brixs and effective stems of sugarcane in ratoon among the six insecticides compared the control without use insecticide. While the yield of sugarcane with spraying 10% clothianidin·monosultap granules of 75 kg/hm² was the highest compared the other treatments tested. There have a significant increase of 17.5% in yield when apply 10% clothianidin·monosultap granules of 75 kg/hm² compared the control without use insecticide. The results from this study indicated that there have better control efficacy of 10% clothianidin·monosultap granules of 75 kg/hm² on sugarcane borers, and it can increase the sugarcane yield and production efficiency.

The application research on killing Lasioderma serricorne by CO₂

SUN Jian-feng, YANG Fen-yu, LI Zhen

2020, 59(3):  87-90.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.017

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In order to discuss the new non-toxic approaches of preventing tobacco pests, it is suggested to use bottled CO₂ as a medium to fill the CO₂ gas in the sealed disk, set different parameter gradients, and use live insects to test the effectiveness. The amount of leaf water, appearances and chemical composition were analyzed to evaluate the feasibility of using CO₂ to kill Lasioderma serricorne, to ensure the effects and the quality of tobacco storage. The results show that when the temperature conditions meet the requirements of insect control, and the oxygen concentration in the sealed stack is less than 2% and maintained for more than 35 d during CO₂ treatment, it can effectively kill Lasioderma serricorne.

Horticulture & Local Products

Screening and supporting cultivation techniques of high-yield varieties of vegetable soybean in Chongqing city

ZENG Xin-yu, ZONG Hong-xia, ZHANG Li, SUN Xue-ying, ZHU Ti-chao, Huang Cheng-wen

2020, 59(3):  91-94.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.018

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Eight vegetable soybean varieties were introduced from China, and their economic traits in Chongqing were studied from 2016 to 2017, and high-yield cultivation techniques were studied in 2018. The results showed that Zhejiang Fresh Bean No. 9 and Jiaoda 11 performed well and were suitable for planting in Chongqing. The amount of fertilization, field density, and sowing date of Zhejiang Fresh Bean No. 9 had significant effects on yield, and late sowing had a big impact on yield. Combining with the actual production, the high-yield production technology for vegetable soybeans in Chongqing are proposed from aspects of variety selection, site selection, site preparation, planting date determination, density control, water and fertilizer, weed management, harvest period determination, and pest control.

Effects of different supplementary pollination methods on seed yield quality of tobacco

ZHANG Jun-jie, LI Zong-ping, XU Shi-ping, PENG Hao, CAO Jing-lin

2020, 59(3):  95-96.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.019

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The flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 was used as the test material. The effects of artificial rocking, soluble starch medium pollen-assisted pollination, and sucrose liquid-assisted pollination on the yield and quality of tobacco seeds were compared. The results showed that compared with natural pollination, the yield of tobacco seeds and the number of single fruit grains were significantly increased. Among them, soluble starch media pollen-assisted pollination and artificial rocking are particularly effective in increasing tobacco seed yield and single fruit number, which are 39.7%, 87.4%, 28.4%, and 82.5% higher than the control, respectively, which are significantly different from the control. Different auxiliary pollination methods had no significant effect on tobacco seed quality. Artificial shaking is a cost-effective auxiliary pollination method.

Effects of aluminum and temperature on quality of Liubao tea

YE Jin-pei, HUANG Ai-ping, TANG Shi-bin, LI Zhi-qiang, LI Xiao-li, NIE Hai-quan, CHEN Shi-xiang

2020, 59(3):  97-101.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.020

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Using Liubao tea group seedlings as materials, under different hydroponic conditions, different aluminum concentrations （0, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/L） and temperature （5, 15, 25 ℃） was set to treat Liubao tea seedlings. The effects of aluminum and low temperature on the contents of tea dry matter, free amino acids, tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides and water extracts were studied. The results showed that except for dry matter, the content of other substances increased first and then decreased with the increase of aluminum concentration. The effect of aluminum concentration on dry matter, free amino acids, and water leaching content was small, and there was no significant difference between treatments. Appropriate amount of aluminum can promote the quality of tea to a certain extent; the effect of 100 mg/L treatment is obvious, but excessive aluminum will affect the quality of tea. Except for tea polyphenols and water extracts, temperature had little effect on the contents of dry matter, free amino acids, and tea polysaccharides, and there was no significant difference between treatments. The dry matter and tea polyphenols treated at 5 ℃ are slightly lower than those treated at 25 ℃. The free amino acids, tea polysaccharides and water extracts in tea treated at 5 ℃ and 15 ℃ are higher than those treated at 25 ℃, especially the tea polysaccharides and water extract at 5 ℃. Temperature has a certain effect on the quality of Liubao tea. Treatment of Liubao tea with different concentrations of aluminum or temperature will change the tea quality to some extent.

Studies on adaptability of seven species of Gesneriaceae plants to light intensity

XU Hui, TU Ji-hong, LIANG Yu-ting, ZHANG Xiao-qin, LI Na, LI Peng

2020, 59(3):  102-107.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.021

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The adaptability of the light intensity of the Gesneriaceae plants was studied to improve the quality of potted Gesneriaceae plants and promote its reasonable application in gardens. The physiological indicators such as malondialdehyde, soluble protein and chlorophyll content under different shading conditions of seven Gesneriaceae plants, including Primulina fimbrisepala, P. eburnean, Primulina ‘Silver Antler’, Hemiboea gracilis, Briggsia mihieri, Lysionotus pauciflorus and Pseudochirita guangxiensis were measured, and the growth was observed. Comprehensive analysis and comparison show that all 7 species of Gesneriaceae family have strong negative tolerance and can grow normally under the conditions of light intensity of 2 000~8 000 lx. From light to strong, the adaptability to the light is Lysionotus pauciflorus, Pseudochirita guangxiensis, Primulina 'Silver Antler', Briggsia mihieri, Primulina fimbrisepala, Hemiboea gracilis, Primulina eburnean.

Effects of planting years on leaf and root traits of Codonopsis pilosula in Luolong

LI De-hui, LI Xian-bi, ZHANG Bao-cheng

2020, 59(3):  108-110.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.022

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Some traits of leaves, roots and roots of Codonopsis pilosulae grown in Luolong township, Daozhen county, Guizhou province were studied, the results showed that with the increase of planting years, the leaf chlorophyll a showed a significant decrease trend. There were no significant differences in soluble polysaccharides and soluble proteins in the roots of C. pilosula grown for 2, 3, and 4 years. With the increase of planting years, the quality of single plant increased, and the proportion of xylem increased. Lignification will affect the taste of C. pilosulae. Care should be taken to promote the cultivation of C. pilosula as a medicinal and food plant at an altitude of 1 500 m.

Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

Effect of feeding Gynostemma Pentaphyllum on the thymus aging of Guangxi Sanhuang chickens

ZHANG Run-xiang, WU Ya-hui, HUANG Shi-qi, WANG Yong-jie, BAI Xi, TANG Xiao-chuan, WANG Xiao-li

2020, 59(3):  111-114.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.023

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From the histological point of view, the effect of adding Gynostemma pentaphyllum on the thymus aging of Guangxi Sanhuang chickens was studied. 0.5% G. pentaphyllum powder was added to the feed, and the thymus weight, thymus index, cortex-medium area ratio, number and area of thymus bodies were examined at 1, 14, 28, 56, 90, 120, and 150 d. The results showed that with increasing age, the thymus weight increased, and the thymus index rose first and then decreased. The addition of G. pentaphyllum increased the thymus weight and thymus index to a certain extent. With the increase of the age, the thymic cortex-medullar ratio decreased, and at 120 d, the cortex-medullar ratio of the fed group was significantly greater than that of the non-added group（P<0.05）. The number of thymus bodies in the non-feeding group and the feeding group increased before 56 and 90 d, respectively, and then decreased in a wave pattern. At 28, 90, and 120 d, the number of thymus bodies in the fed group was significantly more than that in the non-fed group（P<0.05）. The thymus body area of the non-feeding group and the feeding group increased before 120 d, and then decreased. The day-to-day differences of the non-feeding group and the feeding group were not significant. Adding G. pentaphyllum powder in the feed can prolong the thymus maturation time, delay the thymus degradation, and improve the thymus function.

Effect of Coptis chinensis extract on TNF-α and IL-6 contents in serum of mice infected with five pathogens

ZHANG Ru, YANG Zheng-teng, MA Jia-bao, CUI Jian

2020, 59(3):  115-117.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.024

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The effects of oral administration of Coptis chinensis extract on the contents of serum TNF-α and IL-6 in mice with acute abdominal infection induced by 5 common bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, and Klebsiella pneumonia, were investigated. The results show that the high, medium and low dose groups of Coptis chinensis extract have protective effects on mice with abdominal infection caused by S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, and K. pneumoniae, can significantly reduce the content of TNF-α and IL-6 in mouse serum. Coptis chinensis extract has a certain antibacterial effect, and its mechanism is related to TNF-α and IL-6.

Storage & Processing

Study on extracting and antioxidant activity of total flavonoids from Evodia rutaecarpa

ZHAO Nan, JING Yun-rong, HE Ting-ting, CHAI Jun-hong, WAN Chun-lei, ZHANG Lei

2020, 59(3):  118-121.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.025

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Taking Evodia rutaecarpa as raw materials, and total flavonoids content as the index, on the basis of single factor experiment, the optimization of extraction of flavonoids from Evodia rutaecarpa was investigated by orthogonal experimental design. The optimum conditions were ethanol concentration at 70%, solid-liquid ration at 1∶50, extraction time at 40min and extraction temperature at 65℃. The results showed that the extracting rate of total flavonoids reached 8.82%. The antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Evodia rutaecarpa had good ability to scavenge DPPH· free radical.

Experiment on fermentation of biogas by two kinds of cassava alcohol wastes PHIMPHANH

Vilaiya, WANG Chen, MA Wen-qin, ZHENG Xin, JIA Zheng-yan, XIA Ying-chun, JI Jun-lin, YIN Fang, ZHANG Wu-di

2020, 59(3):  122-125.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.026

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It uses the dried distiller's grains remaining after the fermentation of Chinese cassava and Lao cassava to produce alcohol. The batch biogas fermentation experiment is carried out under the condition of（35±1） ℃. The concentration is 4%. The experimental results show that the average daily gas production of Chinese cassava distiller's grains and Lao cassava distiller’s grains is 158.2,149.3 mL/d, respectively. The TS gas production rate and VS gas production rate of Chinese cassava distillers’ grains were 659,867 mL/g, respectively. The TS gas production rate and VS gas production rate of Laos cassava distiller’s grains are 799,1 080 mL/g, respectively. The average methane content in biogas was 50% and 51%, respectively.

Detection Analysis

Determination of 3 quinoxaline drugs in hotpot seasoning by UPLC-MS/MS

MA Xiao-nian, DUAN Hai-bo, ZOU Yan-li, ZHANG Xiu-qing, LIANG Zhi-jian, CHEN Jun-xiu

2020, 59(3):  126-129.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.027

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UPLC-MS/MS was used to simultaneously detect three quinoxaline drugs in the hotpot seasoning. After the sample was extracted by acetonitrile ethyl acetate, acetonitrile-0.2% formic acid water was used as the mobile phase, and the multi reaction detection positive ion mode was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results show that the linear relationship of the three quinoxaline drugs is good, the correlation coefficient is above 0.999, the average recovery of different concentration is 66.5%~84.4%, and the average relative standard deviation is 6.8%~9.2%. This method is suitable for the detection of residual pollution in hotpot seasoning.

Study on quality standard of Chinese medicine compound shufu cream

ZHAO Yu, SHI Lei, ZHANG Qian-yu, YANG Jia, YANG Hong-bing

2020, 59(3):  130-133.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.028

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TLC was used to qualitatively identify Nepeta cataria L, Saposhnikovia divaricata （Trucz.） Schischk, Campsis grandiflora and Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. The content of the active constituents of fraxinellone and obacunone from cortex dictamni was determined by HPLC. The results of TLC were ideal, and the negative samples had no interference. The linear relationship between the anthrone and the peak area was good （r=0.999 1） and the average recovery was 99.76% （RSD=1.34%） in the concentration range of 5.92~47.36 μg/mL. In the concentration range of 10.2~81.6 μg/mL, the linear relationship between the ketone and the peak area was good （r=0.999 0）, and the average recovery was 99.89% （RSD=1.63%）. This method is easy to operate, has good specificity, accurate and reliable, and can be used for quality control of traditional Chinese medicine compound skin cream.

Analysis of volatile constituents in Ajuga ciliata Bunge. by SD-HS-SPME

MA Yin-yu, LU Jin-qing, HAN Man, DU Cheng

2020, 59(3):  134-136.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.029

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Using HS-SPME and SD to extract volatile components from bone grass and using GC-MS to analysis them. The results showed that 14 peaks were separated by HS-SPME-GC-MS, and 12 components were identified. A total of 20 peaks were analyzed by SD-GC-MS, and 16 components were identified. HS-SPME and SD combined with GC-MS technology is applicable to the analysis of various types of volatile components, and can be used to analyze more comprehensive information on volatile ingredients.

Analysis of volatile components in Nelumbinis stamen and Nelumbinis plumula by HS-SPME-GC-MS

WANG Wen-tong, JIANG Han-mei, XUAN Fei-yang

2020, 59(3):  137-140.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.030

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HS-SPME-GC-MS was used to analyze the volatile constituents of Nelumbinis stamen and Nelumbinis plumula in different medicinal parts of lotus, so as to make rational and effective use of traditional Chinese medicine. The results showed that 24 kinds of volatile components were detected in lotus seed, the highest content was D-Limonene（14.12%）; 26 kinds of components were detected in lotus seed, the highest content was D-Limonene （52.63%）; 9 kinds of common volatile components were hexanal, nonanal, D-Limonene, alcanfor, decanal, 1-caryophyllene, pentadecane, g-terpinene and phenylethyl alcohol in lotus seed.

Study on innovative extraction condition and analysis method to contents of ammonium in soil

LYU Bao-yu, BAI Hai-qiang, PAN Yan, LAN Yue-cun

2020, 59(3):  141-143.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.031

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A innovative method for the determination of contents of the ammonium in the soil by gas phase molecular absorption spectrometry （GPMAS） was proposed. The orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the extraction conditions of ammonia nitrogen in soils such as extraction temperature, extractant concentration and extraction time. The effects of extraction conditions on the amount of ammonia nitrogen extracted from soil were studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions for ammonia nitrogen extraction in soil were as follows： KCl extract concentration was 2 mol/L, extraction temperature was 25℃, and extraction time was 30 min. The standard sample was recovered by gas phase molecular absorption spectrometry. The recoveries of the actual samples were 88.0%~105.5%, and the relative standard deviations were 3.8%~4.3%. Compared with the current industry standard methods, there was no significant difference in the results of the test by t test. The determination method is simple and easy, and can meet the requirements of large-scale determination contents of soil ammonia nitrogen, and has practical promotion value.

Biological Engincering

Study on RNA difference of Xinjiang red meat apple extracted by different methods

TANG Lei, TONG Pan-pan, ZHANG Ya-ruo, WANG Fang, TANG Zhang-hu, LI Wen-hui, YUAN Zu-sheng, WANG Jiang-bo

2020, 59(3):  144-146.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.032

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The total RNA extraction and purification kit， Trnzol method and improved CTAB method were used to extract the total RNA， from the pulp， pericarp， petals and leaves of red meat apple Kizi Alma， and the results of yield， quality and integrity of the three methods were compared. The final results showed that the purity of RNA extracted by Trnzol method was low， the degradation phenomenon， and the pollution of DNA， protein， the yield of pulp and pericarp was not ideal， but the RNA extracted by improved CTAB method and kit method was rarely degraded. The 28 s rRNA and 18 s rRNA bands were clear， the OD260/280 of petals and leaves was between 1.8 and 2.5， the yield of RNA extracted by raw reagent kit method was high， the ratio of OD260/280 and OD260/230 was between 2.0 and 2.5， and the integrity of the bands was good. Compared with the three methods， the clarity， yield and quality of RNA bands extracted by modified CTAB method and TrNzol method were lower than those by raw reagent kit method.

Cloning and bioinformatics analysis on nifH gene of endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria Klebsiella variicola GN02 isolated from Pennisetum giganteum

LIN Biao-sheng, ZHANG Huan-xing, HE Yu-qin, LUO Mao-chun, LIN Zhan-xi

2020, 59(3):  147-153.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.033

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To research the bioinformatics on the nifH gene of endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria Klebsiella variicola GN02 isolated from Pennisetum giganteum, the nifH gene of GN02 strain was cloned and its integrity was verified, and bioinformatics prediction and analysis of nifH gene were carried out by a variety of online biological software. The results showed that the nifH gene of GN02 strain had a complete ORF, length of 882 bp and encoded 293 amino acid, and the gene accession numbers registered in NCBI GenBank was MK131264. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the nifH gene of GN02 strain was highly conserved and had more than 95% homology with the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of nifH gene from other species. The total relative molecular weight of nifH protein was 31 970.73 and the theoretical isoelectric point pI was 4.72. The transmembrane model inclined to the inward to outward transmembrane of N-end, and the whole polypeptide chain was hydrophilic. nifH protein had two glycosylation sites but no signal peptide secretion, which may had a helical crimp structure. The prediction of secondary structure showed that α-helix and irregular curl were the main structural elements in the polypeptide chain of nifH protein, and the extended chain was scattered in the whole protein. Three-dimensional homologous modeling of nifH protein can be carried out in the database.

Economy & Management

Evaluation of ancient architecture value based on contingent valuation method

LI Min

2020, 59(3):  154-157.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.034

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Ancient buildings not only have economic value, but also have historical, cultural, aesthetic and other values. A comprehensive assessment of their true value is conducive to the protection of ancient buildings. Taking an ancient building in Longshan county as an example, the public's willingness to pay for the protection and repair of the ancient building was investigated, and the value of the ancient building was measured using conditional value method. The results show that 68.45% of the respondents are willing to pay to protect and repair ancient buildings; respondents' average willingness to pay for the protection and repair of ancient buildings was 13.812 yuan; the value of the ancient building calculated based on the conditional value method is 14.78% higher than that measured by the cost method. Therefore, the conditional value method is a reasonable and feasible method for evaluating the value of ancient buildings.

Health evaluation of urban ecological economic system in Mianyang city based on emergy analysis

DENG Jin-shang, XIANG Xiao-yu, DING Peng-kai, SHAO Huai-yong

2020, 59(3):  158-164.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.035

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Based on emergy analysis theory, a health evaluation index for urban eco-economic systems is constructed. The emergy analysis method is used to uniformly measure the relationship between energy flow, material flow, currency flow, and population flow and perform quantitative analysis. From the perspective of time and space, the health status and changes of the urban eco-economic system in Mianyang city were evaluated, and then suggestions and countermeasures suitable for the sustainable development of the eco-economic system in Mianyang city were put forward. The results show that from 2009 to 2016, Mianyang city's economy developed rapidly and its comprehensive strength increased significantly. Both the emergy investment rate and the power emergy ratio have been increasing year by year, while the net emergy output rate has continued to decrease, with a year-on-year decrease of 40% in 2016. The environmental pressure in the system is constantly increasing, the environmental load rate has increased from 1.52 to 2.39, the EISD has decreased from 6.23 to 4.68, and the EUEHI has a trend of rising first, then decreasing and then rising. The sustainable development capacity of the system is gradually weakening, and the health capacity of Mianyang city shows an unstable state. In order to maintain the sustainable development ability and health index of Mianyang's eco-economic system, it is necessary to further optimize the industrial structure in the future, improve the utilization of energy value of the resources; vigorously develop high-tech industries, reduce environmental load; change the model of eco-economic development, and realize the harmonious development of urban health and ecological environment.

Demographic characteristics,policy support environment and entrepreneurial willingness of suburban farmers

XIAO Jing-yi, YAO Lei, XUE Yong-ji

2020, 59(3):  165-169.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.036

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Compared with farmers in remote areas, suburban farmers have more convenient conditions for entrepreneurial under the radiation and promotion of big cities, and their entrepreneurship has positive practical significance for narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and promoting urban-rural integration. From the perspective of demographic characteristics and policy support environment, an empirical study of influential factors of rural farmers' entrepreneurial intention is conducted. The results show that age has a negative correlation with suburban farmers' entrepreneurial intention, the number of households and annual income have a positive impact on suburban farmers' entrepreneurial intention. Suburban farmers with local household registration have a stronger willingness to start a businesses. The policy support environment, technical work experience and training experience are all positively related to entrepreneurial willingness.

Research on industrial structure optimization and economic growth of manufacturing industry in resource-based regions

SHI Xue-qiao, GUO Xin

2020, 59(3):  170-174.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.037

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At present, the optimization of the industrial structure of the manufacturing industry is the focus of economic development in resource-based regions. Based on the panel data of manufacturing industries in six provinces in resource-based regions from 2005 to 2016, the nonlinear relationship between the optimization of manufacturing industry structure and regional economic growth was analyzed from the panel data model and panel threshold regression model. The results show that both the rationalization and the heightening of the manufacturing industry structure have significant threshold effects on economic growth. The higher the level of heightening, the greater the elasticity coefficient of economic growth. When the level of rationalization is low and high, the effect on economic growth is not obvious. Only at a moderate level it will play a positive role in economic growth. At present, the realization of the heightened industrial structure is still the focus of the optimization of the industrial structure of the manufacturing industry in resource-based regions. At the same time, rationalization needs to be placed on a more important position.

A study on the influencing factors of farmers and herdsmen's demands for production and life difficulties：An empirical analysis based on the binary logistic regression model

QIN Shan-qi, ZHANG Ye, LIU Jun-yan

2020, 59(3):  175-179.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.038

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Based on the questionnaire survey data of 280 farmers and herdsmen in 62 villages in Yutian county, Hetian district, Xinjiang, a binary logistic model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of farmers' and herdsmen's demands in production and life and explore the countermeasures and suggestions to further solve the production and living difficulties of farmers and herdsmen. The results show that the variables such as marital status, adequacy of feed, number of training sessions, and housing safety have a significant positive impact on whether farmers and herdsmen have difficulties in production and life. The number of households, whether the annual income is stable, the main source of income, the role of livestock and poultry, whether the sales of agricultural products are smooth, and whether there are agricultural and pastoral machinery have a significant negative impact on whether farmers and herdsmen have difficulties in production and life. Therefore, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed to liberate the labor force, strengthen the technical training of farmers and herdsmen, expand the sales channels of agricultural products, improve the infrastructure construction of agricultural and pastoral areas, and improve the basic medical and health service system.

Research on the influencing factors of consumption willingness of green agricultural products based on S-O-R Theory

XU Han-min, HE Yu-cheng, YANG Yu-rong

2020, 59(3):  180-184.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.039

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Based on the S-O-R theory and perceived value theory, a model of the consumer's willingness to consume green agricultural products is constructed, and the influence of internal factors （health awareness, face concept） and external factors （subjective norms） on consumers' willingness to consume green agricultural products is discussed. The results show that consumers' health awareness, face view, and subjective norms have a significant positive impact on their willingness to consume green agricultural products.

Investigation and analysis of peasant households' willingness to participate in land circulation cooperatives in Kuisu town of Balikun county

AN Rui, AYITUERXUN·SHAMUXI, PARUKE·WUSIMANJIANG

2020, 59(3):  185-188.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.040

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Taking Kuisu town in Balikun county as the research area, the operation of the land transfer cooperatives and the willingness of farmers to participate were analyzed through field surveys. The results show that the degree of participation of farmers who transfer land to professional cooperatives is not high, but their willingness to participate is relatively high. Compared with pure farmers, farming and business farmers have a greater possibility to participate in farmer professional cooperatives. Most farmers still depend on land for farming; and farmers have a strong sense of protection of their own interests when transferring land. The main reasons for farmers not participating in cooperatives include poor understanding of the joining procedures and the lack of cooperatives nearby. After participating in the cooperative, the family's annual income increased significantly.

Economic benefit analysis of integrated rice,shrimp and finless eel breeding

LIANG Jie, ZHENG Guo-hong, LYU Ya-bing, WANG Xiao-ning, ZHANG Qi, CHEN Jie-yu, GOU Jing-wei, HE Xu-gang

2020, 59(3):  189-192.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.041

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The growth status and economic benefits of finless eel （Monopterus albus） and shrimp（Procambarus clarkii） in rice-shrimp-finless eel co-cropped rice fields with three stocking densities of finless eel （3 000, 6 000, 9 000 tails/hm², each with 3 parallels） and rice-shrimp co-cropped rice fields （control group） were compared. After 109 days of breeding, the weight of P. clarkii increased from an average of 5.13 g/tail to 30.4 g/tail. M. albus gains from an average of 42.6 g/tail to 132.5 g tail; and the recovery rate reached 79.1%. The net profit of the three test groups and the control group was 79 120, 72 882, 63 213, and 50 820 yuan/hm². The rice yield of the rice-shrimp-finless eel group was significantly higher than that of the rice-shrimp group, and the yield of P. clarkii was slightly lower than that of the rice shrimp group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. The terminal body weight and weight gain rate of P. clarkii were significantly lower than those of the control group, indicating that proper stocking of M. albus in shrimp paddy fields would affect the specifications and yield of P. clarkii to some extent. However, it has brought about an increase in rice production and additional income from M. albus, which can significantly increase the comprehensive economic benefits of shrimp and paddy fields.

Thoughts on the building of advantage areas of characteristic agricultural productsand high-quality development of the animal husbandry in the Mufu mountain area, Hubei province

SUN Zhi-guo, XIONG Wan-zhen, DING Guang-ping, LIU Zhi-yang, ZHONG Ru-gang

2020, 59(3):  193-196.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.042

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The general situation of national characteristic agricultural products superior area of animal husbandry in China was introduced, the advantages of animal husbandry products and their biological genetic resources were analyzed in the Mufu mountain area of Hubei province,the tactics were discussed to build advantage areas of characteristic agricultural products, and promote high-quality development of the animal husbandry in the poor area under the rural revitalization strategy and the targeted poverty alleviation strategy.Some suggestions on establishing 6 provincial-level and 4 national-level preponderant areas of characteristic agricultural products were put forward.

Analysis on the coupling and coordination of industrial development and targeted poverty alleviation in deep poverty areas——Taking Qinba Mountain Area in south Shaanxi as an example

GUO Meng, WANG Yi

2020, 59(3):  197-200.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.03.043

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Deep poverty-stricken areas are the backbone of poverty alleviation. Taking Qinba Mountains in southern Shaanxi which is a concentrated area of extreme poverty as an example, the development of agriculture, tourism and precise poverty alleviation in Qinba Mountains in southern Shaanxi were evaluated by building a coupling model and using the method of entropy to determine the weights based on the data of industry and poverty alleviation in the three cities of southern Shaanxi from 2009 to 2018. The results showed that the coupling of agriculture, tourism development and targeted poverty alleviation in Qinba mountain area was stable, but the coupling degree was not high, and there was a large space for improvement, which needs further in-depth integration and interactive and coordinated development.Based on this,the policy suggestions were puts forward from three aspects, grasping policy opportunities, strict quality standards and increasing investment in science and technology, promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, promoting regional economic development, and achieving poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.