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Table of Content

    10 January 2018, Volume 57 Issue 1
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    Reviews
    Progress of the Chemical Constituents of Pterocarya and Their Bioactivities
    YU Ke-yi, CHAI Feng-lan, ZHAO Kai-lou
    2018, 57(1):  5-6.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.001
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    Pterocarya plants are applicated widely in traditional Chinese medicine,agriculture,fisheries and other aspects. Modern research shows that the genus contains a variety of chemical constituents,such as quinones,terpenes,steroids,tannins,flavonoids,which have biological activities of anti-tumor,anti-bacterial,anti-oxidation,inhibition the virus,control of crop pests,treatment of fish diseases etc. In order to provide to reference for thorough research and utilization on the plants,the study on chemical constituents and bioactivities of the plants was reviewed by receaching the last three decades literatures about pterocarya plants.
    Research Progress on Coating Technology and Evaluation Methods for Slow-controlled Release Efficiency of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizer
    YUAN Xiao-chen, REN Yi-lin, WEI Chun-hui, DENG Yu-xuan, PENG Chun-hui, ZHOU Guang-sheng
    2018, 57(1):  11-15.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.002
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    Fertilizer is an important source of necessary nutrient element for crop growth. Coated fertilizer can not only achieve the slow/controlled release and increase nutrient use efficiency but also enhance the strength of fertilizer particles and reduce transport losses. The coating technology and evaluation methods for slow-controlled release efficiency of slow/controlled release fertilizer were summarized. Furthermore,problems in practical application and corresponding solutions were introduced, which laid the foundation for the research of slow-controlled release efficiency of slow/controlled release fertilizer in the future.
    Breeding & Cultivation
    Analysis of Degradable Film Mulching on the Sweet Potato Field Experiments
    ZHAO Gui-tao, LIU Zhong-ju, WANG Shi-wei, ZHAO Li, FENG Shang-zong, DANG Xiang-min, YIN Chuan-lei
    2018, 57(1):  16-18.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.003
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    For the present situation of soil polluted by plastic film residue, the field experiment of sweet potato[Dioscorea esculenta(Lour.) Burkill] with degradation film was carried out. The results showed that, the oxidative biological degradation film used in this experiment occurred degradation and this degradation was continuous, it could reduce the impact on farmland environment of the plastic film, at the same time the film spreading mode was consistent with ordinary plastic film, and it had the same effects on the growth and yield of sweet potato, it could meet the needs of film mulching cultivation of sweet potato.
    Simplified and High-density Direct Seeding Cultivation Techniques of Rice Variety Huanghuazhan in Hubei Province
    XUAN Su-qin
    2018, 57(1):  19-20.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.004
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    Huanghuazhan is a main cultivated rice variety breed by Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and planted in South-China in large quantities,which is accepted by lots of farmers because of its good characteristics and industrialization easily. It is also a representative variety of South-China on the optimization and adjustment of industrial structure. The optimum sowing time of Huanghuazhan is from June 10th to June 15th in Hubei. The key factors of simplified and high-density direct seeding cultivation techniques include soil leveling,weeding and chemical regulation technology.
    Influence of Fertilizer Amount on Yield and Quality of Tartary Buckwheat
    LIU Chang-min, ZHANG Yu, WANG Yu, KONG De-zhang, ZHAO Quan, HUANG Kai-feng
    2018, 57(1):  21-23.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.005
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    Using Jiujiang which was the main planting variety of tartary buckwheat[Fagopyrum tataricum(L.) Gaertn.] in Guizhou as experiment materials,the effects of fertilizer amount(local routine as control) on botany,yield and quality were studied. The results showed that the yield of tartary buckwheat treated with 0.5 level processing (half quantity of local routine fertilizer) was significantly higher than the other treatment. The content of protein and flavonoid of tartary buckwheat treated with CK level was significantly higher than the other treatment. Correlation analysis showed that grain number per plant had a significant positive correlation to grain weight per plant,and had a conspicuous negative correlation to yield of tartary buckwheat.
    Green Production Technology for “Four Hydrophilies” Ecological Cultivation in Jiangsu Lixiahe Area
    ZHANG Jia-hong, ZHU Ling-yu, WANG Shou-hong, KOU Xiang-ming, WANG Gui-liang, XU Rong, HAN Guang-ming, BI Jian-hua, YE Hao
    2018, 57(1):  24-26.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.006
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    :“Three Greens” technology was put forward,which was applied in ecological cultivation of “Four Hydrophilies” (rice,aquatic product,waterfowl and aquatic vegetables) in Lixiahe area,Jiangsu. The “Three Greens” technology means green cultivation,green fertilizer and green prevention and control. 6 types and 13 kinds of green cultivation pattern of this technology has created and completed,12 provincial standards has formulated,technology standard system of “Four Hydrophilies” green cultivation in Lixiahe area of Jiangsu province has formed, and “four-in-one” green fertilizer technology system as well as “six-in -one” prevention and control system has also formed.
    Resource & Environment
    Survey and Assessment on Heavy Metals in Farmland Soil along Liuhe River in Chengde City
    WANG Meng-yu, ZHANG Jing
    2018, 57(1):  27-28.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.007
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    Aiming at the pollution of heavy metal pollution in soil, heavy metals of Liuhe River surrounding farmland in Chengde city was surveyed using the combination of field investigation and indoor analysis. The characteristics of heavy metals content in soil of farmland were studied and pollution assessment was carried out by single factor index method and Nemerow index. The results showed that, the heavy metals contents were not exceeded the limit of Chinese farmland environmental quality evaluation standards for edible agricultural products, but the contents of Cd, Zn and Ni were accumulated in different degrees in soil. The soil of this area was not polluted, and the original planting mode, planting method and irrigation method could be continued.
    Source Apportionment and Spatial Heterogeneity of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Taizhou City
    XIE Li, NIAN Fu-hua, LIU Xin
    2018, 57(1):  29-32.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.008
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    The pollution load and distribution of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP) from different fertilizer,crop straw,livestock breeding,aquaculture and rural life in Taizhou,Jiangsu province,was studied,using the method of inventory analysis and “pressure response” index system. The results showed that the real emissions amount of COD,TN and TP from agricultural non-point source pollution was 51 727.46,49 768.90,5 666.26 t/a,corresponding to the standard emissions for 2 586.37,49 768.90,28 331.29 t/a respectively,the corresponding emission concentration were 16.11,15.50,1.77 mg/L. The main pollutants of agricultural non-point source pollution were TN and TP,the main sources of pollution were fertilizer application and aquaculture,and the main pollution areas in Taizhou were Xinghua, Jiangyan and Taixing, and the agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control measures of Taizhou city were put forward.
    A Case Study on Zhumadian City:Intensive Use Appraisal and Spatial Differentiation Feature of Construction Land
    HUANG Qian, SUN Zhi-ying, YANG Ge, ZHU Yuan-yuan, LIU Qing-zhong
    2018, 57(1):  33-35.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.009
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    Taking Zhumadian city,Henan province,as the example,the index system was designed with 4 factors including use intensity index,growing consumption index,elasticity index and administration performance index to appraise construction land intensive use and spatial differentiation feature,by the method of multi-factor synthetic appraisement. The results show that the level of land intensive use is obviously different and the space distribution is imbalanced among each district,which are mainly affected by the location and landforms.
    Effects of Climate Change on Facility Cultivation of Melons and Vegetables in Hainan Island
    HOU Wei, YANG Chang-xian, WANG Li-jun, SHI Si, GUAN Man-yuan
    2018, 57(1):  36-40.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.010
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    Based on the meteorological element data from 1967 to 2016 observed at 18 meteorological stations in Hainan province, this paper used mathematical statistics methods to analyze climate change characteristics in Hainan Island,and combined with trend in development of facility cultivation of melons and vegetables to study the opportunity and challenge of facility cultivation industry. The results indicated that the frequency and intensity of high temperature damage and rainstorm flood increased year by year caused by climate warming,increase of precipitation,decrease of precipitation days,whereas chilling damage has a weakening trend. Therefore, facility cultivation of melons and vegetables should focus on prevention of high temperature,rainstorm flood and actively cultivate fine variety of high temperature and air humidity resistance and waterlogging tolerance.
    The Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics of Climate Comfort Degree in Ten Major Lakes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River
    REN Yu-jie, TANG Xiao-lan
    2018, 57(1):  41-46.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.011
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    Taking the 15 meteorological stations during 1981 to 2010 meteorological data in the Yangtze River area as the basic data, climate comfort degree of ten big lakes that are representative the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in China was evaluated using a comprehensive climate comfort evaluation model, and the distribution characteristics of climate comfort in different time and space were also studied. The results show that, the comfort degree of the ten lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River is generally higher, and the comfort period is generally distributed in April to May and September to October, and the discomfort period is distributed in July to August. The climate comfort degree of spring and autumn is obviously higher than that of winter and summer. The variation trend of climate comfort index present "M" in the whole year. The climate comfort degree of the ten lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River decrease with longitude, and increase with the decrease of latitude, and increased with the elevation. The climate comfort of the lakes in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is slightly higher than that in the middle reaches.
    Study on Adsorption of Formaldehyde in Water by Modified Activated Carbon from Shell of Camellia oleifera
    LIU Xue-mei, CHEN Jia-wei, MA Chuang
    2018, 57(1):  47-50.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.012
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    Using potassium carbonate as activating agent, activated carbon from shell of Camellia oleifera were prepared according to the different experimental conditions,which were used to adsorb formaldehyde in water to explore the activation temperature,reagent concentration,adsorption time,initial concentration of formaldehyde on adsorption effect. And the adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics were analyzed. The results showed that the adsorption effect of activated carbon from shell of Camellia oleifera on formaldehyde was the best when activating the temperature of 750 ℃ and potassium carbonate concentration of 250 g/L. The adsorption process reached equilibrium in 210 min,which was in accordance with the quasi two stage kinetic model. Adsorption process was in line with the Langmuir isotherm model,the actual maximum adsorption amount of formaldehyde could reach 3.79 mg/g. Under the optimum experimental conditions,the removal rate of 0.1 g of the activated carbon modified on 4 mg/L of formaldehyde was 90.5%,and the adsorption efficiency was good.
    Method Exploration for Quantitative Evaluation of Salinization Using Landsat Satellite Image:A Case Study of Guazhou-Dunhuang Area
    DU Ting, JIAO Ji-zong, XIE Yao-wen, ZHANG Juan
    2018, 57(1):  51-55.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.013
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    The Landsat image of Guazhou-Dunhuang area in Gansu province in July 2015 was taken as the research object. salinization index (SI),modified salinization index (MSI),normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and a new Salinization detection index(MSDI) constructed by two-dimensional feature space were extracted. At the same time,the adaptive evaluation and precision verification were carried out by using the actual field survey data. The results show that the SI is easy to confuse the saline-alkali soil and the bare land,and can’t accurately indicate the degree of salinization;MSI has obvious advantages in salinization’s extraction,but MSI only considers the case of bare soil in the sample pixel,ignores the vegetation spectral information. Finally,combined the bare soil and vegetation information,the newly constructed MSDI index was used to extract the salinization quantitatively in this area,the results show that the overall accuracy of MSDI index for salinization is 86.36%, and it is a good reflection of the degree of salinization in the area.
    Ecological Carrying Capacity and Sustainable Development of Grassland and Wetland in Huihe National Nature Reserve
    ZHANG Ming, XU De-lin, YOU Guang-yong, CAO Xue-zhang, OUYANG Yan
    2018, 57(1):  56-61.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.014
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    Based on the method of corresponding determination of ground hyperspectral and aboveground biomass,biomass model of ground spectrum of grassland and wetland was built and used to calculate ecological carrying capacity of grassland and wetland. The results showed that variation range of yield of grass was from 2.002×108 kg to 6.650×108 kg,the average was 4.603×108 kg. The highest year was 2002,which was 3.3 times than the lowest year 2007. The utilization rate of forage grass directly influenced ecological carrying capacity of Huihe natural reserve. Driving analysis of ecological carrying capacity showed that appropriate high temperature of spring season(April to May),relatively low temperature of growing season (June to July),and higher precipitation of summer season (June to July) were the 3 major factors affecting ecological carrying capacity.Spatial pattern was obvious,high productivity area mainly distributed in Huihe flood plain-neighboring region and eastern region of natural reserve. In year of high ecological carrying capacity,spatial heterogeneity of primary productivity level was also high,performing as high patch density and big dominant level patches. But in year of drought,spatial heterogeneity of primary productivity level was also low,performing as low patch density and small dominant level patches. Ecological carrying capacity of grassland and wetland was affected by grassland area,utilization rate of forage grass,and climate factor. So scientific and rational regulation should be applied to grassland area,utilization rate of forage grass to enhance ecological carrying capacity of grassland and wetland and promote sustainable development of Huihe National Nature Reserve.
    Horticulture & Local Products
    Effects of Different Dehydration Methods and Water Content on Seed Germination of Artemisia annua L.
    LIU Fan, XU Yong-li, YAN Zhi-gang, WEI Shu-gen, FENG Shi-xin
    2018, 57(1):  62-63.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.015
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    The drying and dehydration experiments and the optimum moisture content of Artemisia annua L. seeds were studied. The effects of dehydration methods and water content on seed germination of A. annua L. were discussed. The results showed that the oven drying dehydration was the fastest,but great influence on seed germination rate,dryer dehydration was the most appropriate way;when the water content was 9.34% in different storage stages, the seed germination rate was high, which was the most suitable water content for cold preservation. Dehydration and moisture is the main factor affecting the seed of A. annua L. storage.
    Cultivation Study for Sun-cured and Flue-cured Tobacco Heterosis Variety of Y28
    YANG Chun-yuan, WANG Zhi-hong, LIN Ying-chao, XU wei, XIA Hai-qian, FENG Xiao-ya, WANG Yi
    2018, 57(1):  64-68.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.016
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    To screen new tobacco material to meet the demand of cigarette industry,the optimum planting density and fertilizing amount of new tobacco material Y28,a hybrid of sun-cured and flue-cured tobacco,was studied in the present study. The results showed that,for agronomic traits of Y28 seedlings,the best density is 1 300 plants combined with 5 kg nitrogen per 666.7 m2. When 1 400 plants were planted and 5 kg nitrogen were applied per 666.7 m2,the appearance characteristic and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves were better than other treatments with high sugar and potassium content,low-nicotine content,appropriate values for reducing sugar to total sugar ratio,nitrogen/nicotine and potassium/chloride. For flue-cured tobacco leaves sensory quality,two optimum cultivation combinations are 1 300 plants with 3 kg nitrogen and 1 400 plants with 4 kg nitrogen per 666.7 m2,respectively. Moreover,the heterosis variety of Y28 are with unique characteristics of better smoking aroma quality,enough smoking aroma,less offensive odor, sweet and pure taste, which can meet the increasing demand of cigarette industry for new tobacco raw material.
    Introduction Study on Pecan Variety Pawnee in Mid-Jiangsu Region
    JIANG Zong-qing, LI Cheng-zhong, TANG Geng-guo
    2018, 57(1):  69-70.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.017
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    Effect of Layer Deposition and Gibberellin Soaking on Seeds Germination of Spuriopiminella brachycarpa
    WANG Yong-hong, SU Li, ZHANG Yan-hong
    2018, 57(1):  71-73.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.018
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    To study the different layer deposition temperature,deposition time and gibberellin concentration on the seed germination of Spuriopiminella brachycarpa, the suitable environment of seed germination was discussed. By comparing the seed germination number under different treatments,it is concluded that the optimum cordition for the germination of S. brachycarpa was in 8 ℃ for 45 days,with 200 mg/L gibberellin(GA3).
    Effects of Shading Stress on Growth Characteristics of Michelia gioi
    HE Chun, QIN De-wen, DENG Yin, LIU Jun, LIANG Yan-fang, QIN Wu-ming
    2018, 57(1):  74-77.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.019
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    In this paper,Used 1a seeding of Michelia gioi from Qipo forest farm of Guangxi as the research material,the effects of different light intensities on plant growth and development were studied. The results showed that the maximum photosynthetic rate of photosynthetic rate was 8.12 μmol/(m2·s),and the leaf superoxide(SOD) and catalase activity(CAT) were the highest in four light gradients. With the decrease of light intensity,the physiological and biochemical indexes of Michelia gioi decreased and the growth and functional structure of seedlings were inhibited. Therefore,it can be concluded that during the cultivation and breeding process,the appropriate light can improve the growth and development of nursery stock and enhance the yield and quality of firewood seedling.
    Study on Application of Trunk Injection in Maintenance of Garden Tree
    PAN Yun-xuan, SONG Han-lin, PENG Jia-jia, WANG Wen-tong
    2018, 57(1):  78-81.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.020
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    Taking some garden trees such as Bischofia javanica Bl.,Lagerstroemia speciosa(L.) Pers.,Bauhinia variegata L. and Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. as research materials,the applications of trunk injection in maintenance of garden trees were studied. The results showed that trunk injection of imidacloprid could effectively prevent Coloana cinerea Dworakowska, and the higher concentrations of injecting,the more effective against pests. Both trunk injection 20% of the original drug and diluted 2.5 times,the efficacy period reached 226 days,the duration of efficacy was long. Whether it was normal growth of Lagetstroemia specious,or newly transplanted Bauhinia blakeana,trunk injection of ‘Guoguang Shitahuo’ was able to promote its germination. Trunk injection of growth regulator could promote the germination of Ficus microcarpa. Trunk injection is a simple operation,economic and environmental protection methods,which is a worthy to popularize technology in maintenance of garden trees.
    Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine
    Effects of Bacillus coagulans and Enterococcus faecalis on Growth Performance of Cherry Valley Ducks
    GONG Ping, YANG Yu, WANG Li-xia, LIANG Zhen-hua, LIU Xiong-tao, YE Sheng-qiang
    2018, 57(1):  82-85.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.021
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    A total of 405 one-day-old Cherry valley ducks were chosen to evaluate the effects of Bacillus coagulans and Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance of Cherry valley duck. Ducks in the control group were fed a basal diet,and the other two test groups were fed basal diet supplemented with B. coagulans and E. faecalis,respectively. The results showed as follows:at the first week,the body weight of B. coagulans group was very significantly lower than that of E. faecalis group and control group(P<0.01),the daily feed intake of B. coagulans group significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05). The daily feed intake of the two test groups were very significantly lower than that of control group at the 6th week(P<0.01); the average survival rates of the two test groups were significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05); the average daily feed intake and feed/gain of the two test groups were lower than that of control group, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). In conclusion,dietary supplemented with B. coagulans and E. faecalis can reduce the daily feed intake,decrease the feed/gain, and improve the survival rate.
    Research on Antibacterial Activity of the Clinical Commonly Used Drugs Against E.coil
    SHAO Li-ping, LI Hong-sheng, TUO Xin, ZHANG Ji-yu
    2018, 57(1):  86-88.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.022
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    The broth microdilution method is used to determine MIC,which aims to evaluate the activity of the Enrofloxacin,Ciprofloxacin and Gatifloxacin against the clinical Escherichia coli from sheeps(21 isolates),and the susceptible and resistance of the enrofloxacin,gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin against E.coli was estimated. Result showed that,drugs susceptiblerates to Enrofloxacin,Ciprofloxacin and Gatifloxacin in E.coli are 0.00,66.7%,61.9%, and the drugs resistance rates to Enrofloxacin,Ciprofloxacin and Gatifloxacin in E.coli are 47.6%,14.3%,33.3%. Enrofloxacin,Ciprofloxacin,Gatifloxacin emerge the different resistantance to E.coil. The E.coil strains showed high drug resistance to Enrofloxacin,and showed low drug resistance to Ciprofloxacin.
    Storage & Processing
    Study on the Change of Nutritional and Functional Components in Peanut during Germination
    XU Shi-jie, LUO Qing, LEI Qing-zhi, XIA Ke, ZHANG Ya-ru, FU Xiao-yan
    2018, 57(1):  89-92.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.023
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    Using the seed of Xiaobaisha peanut(Arachis hypogaea Linn.) as material,the change of nutritional and functional components in peanut during germination were studied. The results showed that the water content increased significantly and the ash content changed little. At the beginning of germination,crude fat content fluctuated slightly,total nitrogen content increased,soluble protein content decreased sharply,free amino acids and total sugar content began to rise. The fat content of 4 d peanut sprouts declined by 71.9% compared with the original peanut. The free amino acid content is about 30 times as the total sugar content is 3.7 times of the original peanut. The total phenols,resveratrol and flavonoids were increased by 53.6%,34.5% and 42.5%. The results indicated that after the germination of peanut,the macromolecular substance is reduced,and the content of small molecular substance which is easy to absorb and utilize by human body is increased,and the content of functional component is increased.Germination can be used as an important means to improve the nutritional and health value of peanut.
    Isolation and Stability Analysis of the Browning Product in Luotian Chestnut
    LI Lin-ling, ZHENG Yong-liang, ZHANG Xue-hua, ZHAN Feng, CHENG Shui-yuan, CHENG Hua
    2018, 57(1):  93-96.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.024
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    In this study,the research material is Luotian chestnut. The browning material in chestnut are extracted by conventional reflux extraction and conducted stability study. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were determined in 70% ethanol, the extraction time in 5 hours, extraction temperature on 45 ℃. The content of anthraguinone was stable at 20~80 ℃. Also found that 80 W UV had great influence on anthraquinones and 5% glutamate into anthraguinone content declineal rapidly, food additives in the conclusion.
    Optimization of Extraction Flavonoids and Saponin from Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep.
    HE Ting-ting, CHAI Jun-hong, ZHANG Lei, HAO Jing-wei, WAN Chun-lei
    2018, 57(1):  97-99.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.025
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    Using the root of Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep. as material,herbal flash,ultrasonic and composite enzymatic methods were used to extract total flavonoids and saponins. The yield of total saponins and flavonoids was taken as the index,and their extraction conditions were optimized by orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimum technological condition was that ethanol concentration was 50%,solid-liquid ratio was 1∶20(g∶mL),ultrasonic time was 40 min,ultrasonic power was 500 W and ultrasonic temperature 80 ℃. Under the optimum extraction conditions,the process is magnified ten times,total sponnins and flavonoids were 1.22%,2.48%,the relative standard deviation was less than 2%.
    Optimization of Fermentation Treatment Condition of Tobacco Bud and Preparation of Tobacco Flavor
    XU Chun-ping, MENG Dan-dan, RAN Pan-pan, LIU Shao-hua, ZHENG Kai, BAI Jia-feng
    2018, 57(1):  100-103.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.026
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    Aroma-producing yeast was used to carry out to optimize the fermentation with tobacco bud by orthogonal design. Maillard reaction was carried out. Then,the aroma components was extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction method, and the aroma components were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed the aroma components were mainly included 63 kinds,and myristic acid,myristic acid,dihydroactinidiolide,phytone,damascenone,megastigmatrienone,caryophyllene oxide,cembrene,oleic acid amide and 2-pentylfuran with lower odor threshold were the key aroma compounds in tobacco with outstanding contribution to tobacco aroma. Taking the total aroma amount as the index,under the optimal fermentation condition of 35 ℃,pH=5,12 h with 6% inoculating amount, the total aroma amount reached the highest level of 760.74 μg/g. Taking the contents of water-soluble amino acid and water-soluble reducing sugar as the index,under the fermentation condition of 35 ℃,pH=5,24 h with 5% inoculating amount,the contents of amino acid and reducing sugar reached the highest level. The highest amino acid content reached 2.860 52 mg/g,while the highest sugar content could reach 0.151 24 mg/g. The relationship between aroma content and amino acid and reducing sugar contents was not positively correlated.
    Study on the Processing Condition of Extracting Total Flavonoids from Pomelo Peel
    ZHENG Pei-jun, CHENG Hai-tao, WANG Xiao-bo
    2018, 57(1):  104-108.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.027
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    The optimum extracting parameters were investigated with response surface methodology with alcohol as the extraction agent. The results showed that the extracting rate of total flavonoids reached 0.864% at the optimal processing conditions when extraction temperature was 70 ℃,the ratio of extractant to material was 20∶1(mL∶g),volume percent of alcohol was 80%,and extraction time was 1.5 h.
    Detection Analysis
    Determination and Analysis of Forage Nutrients in Alpine Meadow
    ZHA Xi-zhuo-ma, WANG Hong-bo, LI Gui-xiang, WU Qin, ZHANG Yu-hua, WANG Cheng-lin, LI Tian-ke, ZHAO Juan-hua
    2018, 57(1):  109-111.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.028
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    The main nutritional components of forage grass in alpine meadow of Tianjun Countyin Qinghai Province from 3 741 to 4 045 m were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that dry matter(DM) content was 94.60%,crude protein (CP) content was about 4.35%,crude fat(EE) content was about 0.97%,crude fiber(CF) content 28.04%,crude ash(Ash) contentwas about 7.33%,and Ca 0.8%,P 0.03%,the content of nitrogen free extract(NFE) was 53.91%; the content of dry matter(DM) of fresh grass was 87.67%,crude protein(CF) content was about 5.80%,crude fat(EE) content was about 6.32%,crude fiber(CF) content was about 22.94%,crude ash(Ash) content was about 5.90%,nitrogen free extract (NFE) content was 52.61%,Ca 1.20%,P 0.50%,the crude protein content of dry forage than fresh forage crude protein content of loss 1.45 percentage points,dry forage crude fat than fresh forage and losses 5.35 percentage points; dry forage crude fiber(28.04%) was significantly higher than that of fresh forage crude fiber(22.94%)(P<0.05),Ca,P in the dry grass was also lower than that of Ca and P in fresh grass in animal husbandry dry matter,ash,nitrogen free extract,and the content of fresh forage is lower than that of dry grass.
    Analysis of Pro-dyes Azobenzene and Carbazole by Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry
    ZHANG Li, ZUO Hai-ying, ZHANG Yong-tao, GUI Jian-ye, ZHANG Chen-ling, ZHANG Lin, LI Xiao-ya
    2018, 57(1):  112-114.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.029
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    A method that accelerated solvent extraction and in situ purification of pro-dyes,namely azobenzene and carbazole,was carried out in this research. A soil sample,mixed with some silica sand,was placed in the extract cell with fluorine silica powder and graphitized carbon powder;two objectives were extracted by acetone-hexane(VV,1∶1),and in situ purified in the accelerated solvent extractor. Then they were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a DB-5MS column. We studied the influence of extracting solvent,temperature,dispersing agent,TOC content. Difference of in situ and off situ purification as well as superiority of composite purification was also discussed in this study. Spiked recoveries of three concentrations ranged from 72.0%~113.7% with relative standard deviation 7.6%~15.8%. Real sample analysis was constructed by this method, and some azobenzene and carbazole were detected.
    Agricultural Engineering
    Research on Monitoring System of Livestock Breeding
    ZHOU Peng, YAN Bin, TIAN Chen, CHENG Tao
    2018, 57(1):  115-117.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.030
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    Intelligent livestock breeding monitoring system deploys various types of monitoring sensors in livestock building.Large amount of sensor nodes constitute monitoring network. Through collecting related environment factors by various sensors,combining with physiological features of seasons and breeding species,it can form effective breeding environment information collection and regulation and control procedure,so to reach the target of automatically completing breed building environment control.
    Planning and Design of an Ecological and Energy-Saving Chicken Farm at the Number of 250 Thousand Quality Chickens
    HONG Xiao-ling, LI Yan, YANG Xiao-yan, XU Zheng-jin, SUN Yan-fa
    2018, 57(1):  118-121.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.031
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    The project is to be build an ecological and energy-saving chicken farm at the number of 250 thousand parent quality chickens in Xupu village,Longshan Town,Zhangzhou City,Fujian Province,which covers an area of 125 Acres. The chicken house adopts fully air-conditioning automatic control system—GETS,which is an artificial environment system,using ground source heat pump,and supplemented by the air-washing device to create a clean and energy-saving chicken house. Chicken manure is to be treated via tower-type fermentation,and then to be processed into organic fertilizer to achieve zero pollution emission. This project is expected to promote the green and sustainable development of local economy and animal husbandry industry and to give a good demonstration to the public.
    Agricultural Economics
    Effects of Kaihua County Land Consolidation on the Development of Agricultural Production
    LYU Xiao-hong, WANG Cheng-jun, DONG Wei-feng, MEI Yun-tian
    2018, 57(1):  122-126.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.032
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    Land consolidation is an effective means to promote agricultural production, which can improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and promote the development of agricultural production. In order to understand the impact of land consolidation on agricultural production, taking Kaihua county of Zhejiang Province as an example, the influence of land consolidation on agricultural production from the theory of land consolidation and agricultural production in Kaihua county are analysed. The results show that after land reclamation, land area and the total power of agricultural machinery does not have a positive effect on the total output value of agriculture, there has a significant negative impact on agricultural GDP in chemical fertilizer use. Finally, according to the conclusion of the study and the natural conditions and social economic conditions of Kaihua county, the measures to promote agricultural production are put forward according to local conditions.
    Research on the Agricultural Festival Performance Evaluation Based on Balanced Scorecard
    PENG Hui, GOU Tian-lai, ZHOU Xu-ping
    2018, 57(1):  127-130.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.033
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    Agricultural festival performance refers to the development level of agricultural festival and its comprehensive effect on local economy and society. The domestic existing research have not built and formed the performance evaluation system suitable for agricultural festival, therefore, the balanced scorecard, a common tool of performance evaluation in strategic management was introduced. Based on the feasibility and advantages of agricultural festival performance evaluation with the tool, a performance evaluation system for agricultural festival based on balanced scorecard was constructed, and some advices for the application and future improvement of the evaluation system were put forward.
    Study on the Change of Farmland Use Patterns in Mountain Area——Based on the Sampling Data of 4 Counties(Cities) in Zhejiang Province
    ZHANG Nian-ru, XU Jing-qin, WU Wei-guang
    2018, 57(1):  131-134.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.034
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    Based on the sample data of four counties in Zhejiang Province, the distribution patterns of cultivated land use patterns and the characteristics of land use and farm households in mountainous areas were investigated. The results showed that farmers' behavior of cultivated land use was prevalent in mountainous areas of Zhejiang Province. Most of cultivated land used for transformation was of good quality and suitable for cultivated land. The cultivated land is mainly used for planting economic forest, The number of the labor force was large, the age structure was too large and the proportion of the female labor force was higher than that of the farm laborers, which tended to change the cultivated land use way. Finally, on the basis of summarizing and analyzing the causes of farmers' transformation of cultivated land use, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.
    Research on the Phenomena of Land Circulation among Rural Reservoir Immigrants——Based on the Survey of Seven Resettled Villages in Henan Province
    WANG Li-jiao
    2018, 57(1):  135-140.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.035
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    Taking seven typical migrant villages in Xiaolangdi Reservoir and South-North Water Transfer Project as research objects, the basic situation of land circulation in these new migrant villages was analyzed through the way of observation and interview, it was found that there were phenomena in the land circulation of reservoir immigrants, such as non-criterion of procedures for the land circulation, poor sustainability of the circulation, the involuntary circulation from time to time, mostly with the collective and unified circulation, and generally transferring land to agricultural enterprises in the type of corporation system. According to these existing problems, some suggestions were put forward, to be used for a reference to promote the rational and orderly land circulation in migrant villages.
    The Efficiency of Financial Support for Agriculture in Guangxi
    ZHANG Jian-guo, GUO Ping
    2018, 57(1):  141-145.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.01.036
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    Agricultural modernization is the key to realize poverty alleviation in rural areas and the foundation of national economic security, and a country mainly promotes the agricultural production through the agricultural policy. Based on the 1991-2014 data about agricultural production in Guangxi, the relation between agriculture public finance and agricultural development in Guangxi was expounded, and the efficiency pattern of financial support for agriculture in Guangxi was analyzed from the angle of marginal theory. The results showed that, nowadays the agricultural production have reached a stable phase, but the scale of financial support for agriculture was still at a low level, the agricultural investment efficiency was limited,and the production characteristic of the financial support for agriculture deviated from the fact of agricultural needs in Guangxi. Therefore, proposals of the financial support for agriculture were offered as followingproperly improving the scale of financial support for agriculture from two levels, coordinating the financial and other agricultural policy, dealing with reasonable investment between public capital and private capital, establishing the tracking and update mechanism of financial support for agriculture and so on, finally to complete the structural reform of agricultural supply side and realize the agricultural modernization on the basis of improving the efficiency of financial support for agriculture.