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Table of Content

    10 August 2019, Volume 58 Issue 15
    Reviews
    Research progress of selenium-riched medicinal and edible plants
    YAO Yi-wei, HE Mei-jun, YANG Meng, XU Jing, GUO Kun-yuan, WU Bin
    2019, 58(15):  5-8.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.001
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    As one of the necessary trace elements in human body, selenium has many preventive and health functions, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, improving human immunity and so on. Selenium-rich products are more and more popular.The cultivation of selenium-rich medicinal and edible plants is of great significance for the further development of selenium-rich functional food and for people's nutrition and health care. The present situation of selenium enrichment in medicinal and edible plants are systematically introduced, and its existing problems and shortcomings are pointed out, and a prospect is given.
    Breeding & Cultivation
    Screening test of ratoon rice varieties of hilly red-yellow soil in south Hubei
    LIU Wei, TU Xiu-liang, QU He-ping, YANG Han, TANG Shi, HUANG Zhi-mou
    2019, 58(15):  9-13.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.002
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    In order to further screen the ratoon rice varieties suitable for popularization in Xianning area, Xianning Academy of Agricultural Sciences eliminated a batch of varieties with poor agronomic traits and general yield performance on the basis of the screening test for special rice varieties in 2017, and increased some varieties again in 2018 to further carry out screening test of ratoon rice using 20 rice varieties. The results showed that Yanyou 9803, C Liangyou 33, C Liangyouhuazhan, Shenliangyou 865, Huiliangyou 898, Huiliangyouyin Nongsi Miao and Y Liangyou No.1 were better in performance, and suitable for the cultivation of ratoon rice in this region.
    Resource & Environment
    Reconstruction and trend analysis of yield of Camellia oleifera Abel. under climate change:A case from Leiyang county
    JIANG Yuan-hua, LIAO Yu-fang, PENG Jia-dong, HUANG Chao, ZHANG Jian-ming
    2019, 58(15):  14-18.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.003
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    Deep analysis of change and reconstruction of Camellia oleifera Abel. production sequence under climate change could provide a scientific basis for trending and quantitative forecasting of production and ensure grain and oil security. The data of meteorological indexes from 1959 to 2016, and the historical yield of Camellia oleifera Abel. from 1965 to 1990 in Leiyang county, Hunan province, were extracted, the method of related analysis, stepwise regression, linear trend, and Morlet wavelet analysis were used to establish the relationship between meteorological conditions and the yield of Camellia oleifera Abel. with different phenophase. The results show that the yield model established in the flowering period is the best yield model based on meteorological conditions for a single phenophase. The yield model established by 11 phenophase fitting yields as factors is better than that established by single phenophase. This method is suitable for the construction of long-term sequence history production. The reconstructed production data and the measured production data shows a good consistency. The reconstructed production data shows that the yield of Camellia oleifera Abel. is decreasing. Since the 21st century, the fluctuation of Camellia oleifera Abel. production has increased, and the adverse effect of climate conditions on the high yield of Camellia oleifera Abel. is intensifying. There are four kinds of time scale period changes in Camellia oleifera Abel. production.
    Effects of new urea application on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in southern Henan
    GUO Xiao-yan, PAN Zi-liang, ZHANG Li-xia, CHEN Xue-qing, SHI Peng-fei, LYU Yu-hu, NIE Liang-peng, ZHANG Lin, LING Jing-wei, GUO Jing-li
    2019, 58(15):  19-21.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.004
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    The experiment was conducted with 7 treatments, including no nitrogen treatment(CK1), normal urea(CK2), controlled loss urea, density network urea, urea containing zine, controlled loss urea one-time fertilization, normal urea plus zine. Field experiments were conducted to study the effectts of new type urea on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and nitrogen use efficiency in southern Henan province, and hope to providing scientific basis for large area spreading of new type urea in southern Henan province. The results showed that, compared with the normal urea, the yield of rice with new type urea all increased by 1.61%~6.23%, among them, the increase rate of urea containing zine, controlled loss urea, and normal urea plus zine were more than 5%. In terms of chlorophyll content, compared with the normal urea, all of new type urea showed better. In terms of agronomic efficiency of nitrogen and nitrogen partial factor productivity, urea containing zine and controlled loss urea were better than others. In terms of nitrogen use efficiency, the best performance was controlled loss urea one-time fertilization, and reached 42.3%. In summary, urea containing zine and controlled loss urea can significantly increase rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency, and has the potential for extension and application in large area in southern Henan.
    Effects of different ratio of controlled release fertilizers on growth and yield of rice plants
    CHEN Ping, WANG Su-mei, ZHANG Ping, LI Li, WU De-chun, YANG Yi-xiong
    2019, 58(15):  22-25.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.005
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    The experiment was conducted in Zengji town, Shayang county, Jingmen city, Hubei province, to compare the effects of different controlled-release time and fertilization methods on rice (Oryza sative L.) plant growth and yield. The results showed that controlled-release fertilizer could release nutrients slowly and keep pace with the growth of rice, and could meet the demand of high and stable yield of rice. The plant height, panicle length, 1 000-grain weight of controlled-release fertilizer treatment area were not significantly different from those of special fertilizer area and conventional fertilizer area, while the application of controlled-release fertilizer could significantly increase the effective panicle and the number of grains per panicle of rice. Controlled release fertilizer CRU1 increased yield by 3 135.0 kg/hm2 and 43.5% compared with no fertilization control, and 1 800 kg/hm2 and 21.1% compared with conventional fertilization control.
    Evaluation of wind erosion and analysis of its influencing factors in Shiqu county based on REWQ model
    YANG Xue-qin, DING Rui, XIE Jun-kai, LIU En-qin
    2019, 58(15):  26-29.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.006
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    The modified wind erosion model (RWEQ) was used to estimate the soil wind erosion modulus of Shiqu county, Ganzi prefecture, Sichuan province, and the spatial distribution characteristics of soil wind erosion and the effects of various factors on the soil wind erosion in Shiqu county were analyzed. The results showed that, the resistance to soil wind erosion in northern Shiqu county was better than that in southern, and the southwest was the most affected by soil wind erosion. Meteorological factors were the most important factors affecting soil wind erosion. The soil wind erosion modulus reached the maximum in the flood season in June. The spatial distribution of vegetation index was consistent with the spatial distribution characteristics of soil wind erosion modulus, and its influence was deep.
    Spatial variability of soil bulk density in different soil layers based on geostatistics
    ZHANG Shun-kai, LIU Ji-long, LIU Hai-yue
    2019, 58(15):  30-32.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.007
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    Based on soil bulk density in 0~5 cm, 5~10 cm, 10~15 cm and 15~20 cm soil layers measured with oven drying method, the changing trend of spatial variability of soil bulk density with increasing soil depth was studied using semi-variance and Kriging interpolation methods. The results showed that, for different soil layers, the average value of soil bulk density ranged from 1.23 g/cm3 to 1.33 g/cm3, its degree of variation was weak, its spatial correlation range was between 20.40 m and 75.64 m, its spatial correlation degree changed from 28.89% to 73.55%, and there were obvious patch structure in its spatial distribution. As soil depth increased, the average value of soil bulk density firstly increased and then decreased, its degree of variation increased after fell first, its fitted model of semi-variance changed from exponential model to linear model, its spatial correlation range increased at first and remained unchanged later, its spatial correlation degree did not present a regular changing trend, and there were differences in number and location of its high and low value area.
    Effects of different planting patterns of maize on red soil aggregates in sloping farmland
    CHENG Wei-wei, WANG Ting, FAN Mao-pan, LI Yong-mei, WANG Zi-lin, XIAO Jing-xiu
    2019, 58(15):  33-38.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.008
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    Through the field plot test for monocropping corn, monocropping potatoes and corn intercropping potato, collection of corn in different development stages of the three (elongation stage, bell stage, tasseling stage) of root and soil, and determine the organic acid and total sugar in root exudates. And soil aggregate status, analysis of root characteristics and root exudates on soil aggregates. The results showed that the root length, root volume and root surface area of intercropping maize were significantly higher than those of monoculture maize(P<0.05). The total sugar and organic acid secreted by maize roots increased with the growth stage. Intercropping significantly increased the total sugar and organic acid secreted by maize roots (P<0.05). At tasseling stage, the water stable aggregate content(R0.25) of>0.25 mm in intercropping maize was significantly increased by 8.17% compared with that of monoculture maize(P<0.05). The geometric mean diameter(GMD) of aggregate was significantly increased by 12.24%(P<0.05), and the fractal dimension(D) was significantly decreased by 1.09%. The percentage of aggregate destruction(PAD) was significantly reduced by 26.08%. The total sugar and organic acid secreted by the root system of maize were significantly correlated with R0.25, GMD, D and PADP<0.01). Therefore, maize intercropping potato can change the characteristics of maize root system, increase the total sugar content and total organic acid content secreted by maize root system, and then improve the stability of soil aggregates.
    Distribution characteristics of radioactive metals and heavy metals in the surface water around a uranium-mine in southern Hunan
    MEN Qian, TANG Zhen-ping, LIU Jiang, LIU Shan, HUANG Wei, WANG Zheng-qing, MA Ru-li, CHEN Liang
    2019, 58(15):  39-43.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.009
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    Through sampling the surface water that was from one uranium mine in southern Hunan, the radioactive metals and heavy metals of 20 water samples were analyzed by the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). The correlation among the heavy metals and the radioactive metals were researched by the SPSS. Moreover, the method of Nemero index was selected to evaluate the water quality. The results indicated that the content of the most heavy metal and the radioactive metals of Water-Ⅰ (steams near the mine) was higher than that of Water-Ⅱ(the main river), and the content of Tl, Ni in Water-Ⅰ exceed standard. The content of the radioactive metals of U and the heavy metal elements Pb, Ni, Tl, Cu, Co and Zn, was significantly related at 0.05 level or 0.01 level, which indicated that the source of this metals was possibly same. The main pollution sources of uranium mining were the waste water from mining, crushing rocks and waste rock yards. The uranium mine as a whole was at an excellent level.
    Distribution and variation features of hourly precipitation resource in Chang-Zhu-Tan typical city-group
    LI Jing, WANG Tian-ying, ZHU Hong-wu, LU Kui-dong
    2019, 58(15):  44-50.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.010
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    Taking Chang-Zhu-Tan typical city-group as the research object, based on the hourly precipitation data(1961 to 2017, Mar. to Nov.) from 11 meteorological stations in the study area, the features of interdecadal and seasonal(spring, summer, autumn) variations of the diurnal variation of precipitation, nocturnal precipitation, and precipitation distribution during early rice's blooming period were analyzed. The results showed that, the diurnal distribution of hourly precipitation and precipitation frequency in Chang-Zhu-Tan area were both bimodal, and the peaks appeared basically in the same time. The peaks of precipitation in each decade and season were at 4:00~8:00 and 15:00~16:00 stably, but the peak and sub-peak time appeared differently within decades and seasons. With the progress of time, nocturnal precipitation wavelike rose, and became higher than diurnal precipitation in 1990s and 2000s. The ratio of nocturnal and diurnal precipitation in spring, summer and autumn were 117%, 81% and 110%, respectively. Mufu-Lianyun Mountain district was the high center of nocturnal precipitation. During early rice's blooming period, Mufu-Luoxiao Mountain district was the high center of rainfall amount and precipitation frequency, while central Zhuzhou was the low center.
    Annual variation character of edaphic humidity and its impact on agriculture in Suizhou city
    ZHOU Ze-min, HAO Yuan-jia
    2019, 58(15):  51-54.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.011
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    According to the observed data of edaphic humidity in Suizhou from 1991 to 2013, the local annual distribution of edaphic humidity, soil moisture distribution in different layer and suitable soil moisture of main crops were analyzed. The results show that, the annual variation of edaphic humidity is about five main stages and is regular. Both no precipitation and heavy rainfall cause a conspicuous influence for edaphic humidity. The increasing or decreasing of soil humidity will have a big impact on crops and agriculture.
    Comparative analysis on variation characteristics of seasons at different geographical environment of Changde city
    SANG You-wei, MENG Lei
    2019, 58(15):  55-61.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.012
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    In order to provide more detailed reference for the utilization and planning of ecological resources in Changde city of Hunan province, the daily average temperature data from 1977 to 2011 were used to compare and analyze the variation characteristics of seasons start date and seasonal length in different geographical environments in Changde urban area and Shimen mountain area by linear tendency estimation method, Mann-Kendall method, Pearson method and Morlet wavelet analysis method. The results show that the average start date of seasons in Changde urban area and Shimen mountain area has a small difference, but it delays entering summer and autumn in Shimen county than that in Changde urban area. Compare to Changde urban area, Shimen's spring and autumn are longer, but summer is shorter, and has no difference in winter. The variation range of the start date and seasonal length of four seasons between the two areas is relatively large, especially in summer. The frequency of the difference of the start date and the seasonal length between the two areas is the highest in summer, and the difference of the start date between the two areas in spring or autumn usually only affects the length of spring or autumn, but the difference of the summer and winter season affects the adjacent two seasons. There are some differences on the period characteristics of the four seasons start dates between the two areas, the main differences on the large time scale over 20 years are in winter, and the main differences on the time scale below 20 years are in summer. The start date of summer is significantly earlier, the length of summer is significantly longer, both are sudden changes; the difference is that the length of autumn in Changde is significantly shorter, and the length of spring in Shimen is significantly shorter.
    Countermeasure on the problems of rural eco-environmental retrograde succession
    DING Ze-wei, XIANG Dong-wen
    2019, 58(15):  62-65.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.013
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    Under the background of rapid economic development in the 21st century, the collision between industrial civilization and ecological environment has made the internal and external environment of planning more and more complex and diversified, and even the ecological landscape has been extremely fragmented. This paper took Songjiazhuang village in Lingzi town, Zichuan county, Shandong province as the research object, instead of the traditional rural planning model. In view of the retrograde succession of the resource-based rural ecological environment, it was proposed that environmental governance and ecological restoration should take precedence according to local conditions. Through landscape reconstruction, disadvantage should be turned into advantage, and the main contradictions of restriction should be transformed into characteristics and advantages, so as to realize rural revitalization.
    Preliminary study on the test of recycled aggregate concrete from construction waste
    LI Wei-jie
    2019, 58(15):  66-67.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.014
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    Through sampling, sorting, crushing and screening of construction waste in Ankang city, Shaanxi province this paper analyzed the apparent density, bulk density, porosity, crushing value and compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete through experimental data. The results show that it is feasible to use recycled aggregate of construction waste to make small concrete blocks.
    Horticulture & Local Products
    Physiological indicators stress response of two Festuca arundinacea varieties under cadmium stress
    HUANG Deng-feng, ZHAO Yun-lin
    2019, 58(15):  68-71.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.015
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    Two kinds of tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea) from Canada were used as materials to study and compare the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd2+) on lipid peroxidation, protective enzyme activity and osmotic regulators of two kinds of tall fescue in greenhouse. The results showed that, under different concentrations of Cd2+ stress, turf-type tall fescue cultivar showed lower lipid peroxidation level, stronger antioxidant protective enzyme activity and more adaptive osmotic regulation level than slope-protected tall fescue cultivar. It was concluded that, turf-type tall fescue cultivar had better adaptability to Cd2+ stress and stronger ability to repair the soil polluted by heavy metals.
    Selecting the optimum soaking time of walnut seeds based on principal component analysis
    LIU Kai, WANG Shuang, GAO Yi, WANG Hong-xia, ZHANG Zhi-hua
    2019, 58(15):  72-76.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.016
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    In order to further optimize the seed soaking time of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in the mountain area, principal component analysis was carried out on seedlings germination rate, tree body characteristics(plant height, stem, root length, root length, leaf area, chlorophyll content) and leaf nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and other mineral elements) of walnut seedlings in the condition of sowing in different soaking time. According to the comprehensive score of principal component contribution rate to calculate the different soaking time, the most suitable soaking time were analyzed and screened. The results showed that the principal component analysis were suitable for walnut seed soaking time screening, and when the soaking time was 5 days, the total score was the highest, and the lowest score was in 1 day seed soaking.
    Effects of different tree shapes on biological traits of Chinese tung seed
    CHEN Yao-bing, LIU Han-zhen, ZHENG Xiao-jiang, YUAN Bing-wu
    2019, 58(15):  77-79.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.017
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    Using Idesia polycarpa Maxim. No. 1 five-year fruiting tree as test material, for three tree shapes of spindle-shaped, naturally open-shaped and evacuated stratified, fruiting branches, branch analogy, single panicle weight, fruit yield and other main characters were compared. The results showed that, for the evacuated stratified tree shapes, the number of fruiting branches was the highest, branch analogy was the best, single panicle weight and yield were the highest.
    Study on the growth rhythm of bryophytes and its application under indoor drip irrigation condition
    CAO Lin-tao, CAI Yong-long
    2019, 58(15):  80-83.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.018
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    The experiment was conducted to study the growth rhythm and the application feasibility in dust absorption of bryophytes under indoor drip irrigation condition. Substrates, substrate tilt angle, drip speed and replenishment interval as factors on the growth of moss plants were studied under indoor drip irrigation condition. The indoor dust suction and the application feasibility in dust absorption of bryophytes were verified through experiments of dust adsorption, and a dust adsorption device was designed based on moss cultivation. The results showed that the flat substrate, especially the plank, was most conducive to the growth of bryophytes. When the speed of water supply was moderate, the wet bryophytes grew well. When the replenishment intervals was smaller, the effect on the growth of moss plant were more favorable, and the optimal replenishment intervals was two days. Under the water supply rate of V=0.9 mL/min, water content of bryophytes unit area should be approximately 2.0 L/(cm2·d). It was confirmed that the wet bryophytes had better dust absorption effect.
    Technical code of practice for Ampelopsis grossedentata
    HUANG Guang-yu, LI Wei-dong, CHEN Yong-bo, HU Bai-shun, LIU Shu-qin, QIN Bang, ZHANG Chao-yang, XIANG Ban-gui
    2019, 58(15):  84-86.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.019
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    The technical code of practice for Ampelopsis gressedentata, a standard of agricultural industry, were systematically studied and formulated, which provided a basis for standardizing the practice of A. gressedentata, guaranteeing the quality of A. gressedentata raw materials and promoting the development of A. gressedentata industry.
    Effects of rice straw content on growth of Pleurotus ostreatus
    CHEN Liang, JIANG Xing-jian, WU Xiao-fen, QI Hui, DENG Ming, TU Xiao-yi, HU Ji-song, WANG Ke-qin
    2019, 58(15):  87-89.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.020
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    The present research investigated the effect of rice straw content on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. The results showed that culture media with high straw content or not had no significant effect on the growth of mycelial and the nutritional quality of P. ostreatus, but the straws in the substrate would affect the fruiting time of P. ostreatus and the biological efficiency. The second and third fruiting time would increase and the biology efficiency of culture media would decrease with the decrease of the straw content in the culture media.
    Processing
    Effect of processing technology on the quality of wheat bran hot-and-dry noodles and optimization of process
    SHI Jian-bin, CAI Sha, SUI Yong, HE Jian-jun, FAN Chuan-hui, CHEN Xue-ling, MEI Xin, XIANG Yun-cheng, ZHANG Guo-zhong
    2019, 58(15):  90-94.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.021
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    In present study, the effect of superfine wheat bran content, gluten, alkaline, edible salt content on the hot-and-dry noodles cooking characteristics, texture characteristics, and sensory evaluation were evaluated. The results showed that, based on the signal single factor experiment, the orthogonal experiment was designed and carried out, in which the sensory evaluation values are applied as an index. The results show that the optimum recipe is 8% superfine grinding wheat bran, 3% gluten, 0.8% alkali, and 0.4% salt.
    Investigation of the grease of yellow meal worm pupa by squeezing method
    CHEN Jian-xing, LI Jing, SA Ru-la, NA Ying, TIAN Tian, WANG Si-yu, LI Hao
    2019, 58(15):  95-96.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.022
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    To research the best grease extraction rate of yellow meal pupa, and provide biological property (density, acid value, etc.) for the grease of yellow meal pupa, we used yellow mealworm pupa and different proportional peanut combination as raw materials, and adopted the squeezing method to extract the grease. The optimal ratio of yellow meal pupa and peanut was 40% pupa, the grease yield efficiency was the highest. The higher the proportion of the pupa in the raw material, the higher the acid value. Grease density of each group is close to each other. The average saponification value of yellow meal worm pupa grease was 182.21.
    Study on antioxidant and antitumor activity of polysaccharide and anthocyanin from Parthenocissus quinquefolia fruit
    CHAI Jun-hong, HE Ting-ting, ZHAO Nan, JIN Zhi-min
    2019, 58(15):  97-101.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.023
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    In vitro the antioxidant activity of polysaccharide and anthocyanin on Parthenocissus quinquefolia fruit was discussed. Study on the scavenging ability of polysaccharide and anthocyanin with superoxide free radical, hydroxyl radical and DPPH free radical. Using MTT method to study the anthocyanins and polysaccharides in inhibition of 2 kinds of hepatoma cells(HepG2, SMMC-7221). The results showed that the polysaccharide and anthocyanin concentration has a dose-dependent relationship with the HCC inhibitory rate, when the anthocyanin concentration reached 0.312 5 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of two HCC was 37.89%±1.74%, 53.57%±1.72%; when the polysaccharide concentration reached 0.312 5 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of two HCC cells was 79.59%±0.52%, 58.85%±1.12%. The polysaccharide or anthocyanin was 0.80 mg/mL, the scavenging rate of superoxide radicals was 74.21%±2.48%、90.06%±0.86%, the hydroxyl radical was 75.87%±1.61%、68.60%±1.52%, the scavenging rate of DPPH was 91.41%±0.74%、90.73%±0.44%. Furthermore, the scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical has a correlation with antitumor. The superoxide radicals also showed certain correlation, and the correlation of DPPH was poor. Parthenocissus quinquefolia fruit polysaccharide and anthocyanin has certain inhibitory effect on HCC and radical, there is a clear correlation with antioxidant and antitumor;it has the development potential.
    The main fermentation technology of mulberry fruit wine
    YE Hua, CHEN Cheng, LI Song-lin, BAI Qing-yun, CHEN Xiao-ming, WANG Hui, ZHU Bing
    2019, 58(15):  102-106.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.024
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    The main fermentation technology of mulberry fruit wine was optimized by signal factor and orthogonal test. The optimized conditions of main fermentation were that the fermentation temperature was 20 ℃ for 7 days, inoculation quantity of angel thermo-resistant high temperature wine dry yeast was 0.05% after initial sugar content of mulberry fruit juice being adjusted and treated by 60 mg/L of SO2.
    Detection Analysis
    Optimization of soil available selenium extraction conditions and bioavailability by response surface methodology
    LIU Shu-qin, CHEN Yong-bo, HUANG Guang-yu, XIONG Qian, ZHANG Chao-yang, CHEN E, QIN Bang, ZOU Xue-yuan
    2019, 58(15):  107-110.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.025
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    Using soil as material, KH2PO4 solution was used to extract available selenium from soil. Taking the available selenium extraction amount as the response value, the extract concentration, pH value, extraction time and liquid sample ratio were independent variables, and the mathematical model was established. The optimal extraction conditions of soil available selenium were obtained by response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions for soil available selenium wereextract concentration 0.5 mol/L, pH 9.9, extraction time 72 min, liquid sample ratio 27∶1, and the available selenium extraction amount was 0.56 mg/kg under the optimized conditions, which is basically consistent with the response surface analysis predicted value of 0.53 mg/kg. The crop pot experiment showed that the KH2PO4 solution extraction method for soil available selenium can be used as an index to evaluate the soil available for crop selenium.
    Simultaneous analysis of carbaryl and atrazine in water by HPLC with ultraviolet detection
    ZHAO Wen-jin, GU Gui-fei
    2019, 58(15):  111-114.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.026
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    A method for simultaneous analysis of carbaryl and atrazine content in water was established by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with ultraviolet detector. Samples were extracted and purified by ethyl acetate. The XDB-C18 column was used as chromatography column, and the mobile phase was a mixture of methanol-water(60∶40, V/V) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature kept 25 ℃, injection volume was 10.0 μL and the wavelength of detector was 221 nm. The results showed that within the range of 0.03~1.00 mg/L, it had good linear relationship between the peak area of carbaryl and atrazine and its mass concentration, and the linear correlation coefficient for carbaryl and atrazine was 0.999 9 and 0.999 9 respectively. The minimum detecion limits of quantitation of carbaryl and atrazine was 0.089 μg/L and 0.184 μg/L respectively. On addition level of 0.2~1.0 μg/L range, the recovery of carbaryl and atrazine for water was 85.12%~100.14% and 82.67%~105.51% respectively, and relative standard deviation(RSD) respectively was 1.60%~4.69% and 2.36%~4.26%. The method could be used for conventional analysis, which was simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate and with good precision.
    Information Engineering
    The design and implementation of the integrated business platform of Binzhou meteorological bureau
    WANG Pei-tao, MO Yao, WANG Feng-jiao, WANG Chen, TIAN Yi-jie
    2019, 58(15):  115-118.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.027
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    Based on the analysis of meteorological business requirements of Binzhou Meteorological Bureau, platform function design and technical realization, this paper introduces the integrated business platform of Binzhou Meteorological Bureau.This platform adopted B/S structure design, implemented the docking with the CIMISS database, realized the automatic meteorological station data real-time monitoring, historical data query and statistics, automatic alarm of disastrous weather, directly translated the town message into text and products of all types of prescribed formats, and implemented one-click processing of a variety of products and one-click processing of multi-channel release, implemented the automatic conversion of text to 12121 audio voice and one-click processing of updating all mailbox, and provided a flexible product customization and secondary development interface, effectively guaranteed the city and county business of Binzhou Meteorological Bureau, provided a strong technical support for the disaster prevention and reduction in Binzhou city.
    Improved genetic algorithm combined with improved Otsu algorithm for field crop segmentation
    ZHAO Ming-xia, LYU Zhi, HAO Ya-jie, SHI Wei-jie, LI Fu-zhong
    2019, 58(15):  119-123.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.028
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    For some field images, it is difficult to determine the optimal threshold problem of image segmentation due to its complicated background and uneven illumination. This paper proposes an image segmentation method based on improved Otsu algorithm optimization and improved genetic algorithm. Firstly, the acquired images are pre-processed. Based on the preprocessed images, the genetic control parameters can be automatically adjusted by improving the three methods of selection, crossover and variation in the genetic algorithm and optimizing the individual fitness function based on Otsu, so as to ensure the diversity of species and accelerate its convergence speed. The optimal threshold is provided for the Otsu image segmentation, and finally the image is filled by image morphology. In the result of the discussion, the algorithm results are compared with the Genetic Algorithm Based on the Otsu Algorithm and the Image Segmentation Based on Genetic Algorithm and KSW Entropy. It is found that the threshold range obtained by the algorithm is stable, which makes the segmented image accurate and clear. It is helpful to calculate the number of crops or the coverage of plants in the later stage.
    Agricultural Engineering
    Study on mechanical properties of Citrus reticulata blanco during storage based on mechanical damage
    LIU Lin, CHEN Hong, LI Lei, PENG Shuai, LIU Yi-xuan
    2019, 58(15):  124-127.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.029
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    In order to provide references for mechanical damage of Citrus reticulata Blanco, the changes of mechanical properties of Citrus reticulata Blanco during storage were studied. The short-term storage of the variety was carried out. The compression tests were carried out regularly. The quality, hardness, modulus of elasticity, rupture limit and total deformation damage energy of the citrus fruit during storage were determined. The results showed that with the prolongation of storage time, the quality loss of citrus fruits increased gradually; the hardness decreased, but there was no significant difference between storage for 7 days and storage for 10 days; the elastic modulus, rupture limit and total deformation damage energy increased at first and then decreased, and reached the maximum value at 7 days of storage. There was no significant difference between storage for 1 day and storage for 4 days, and there was significant difference between storage for 10 days and storage for 1 day. At the same time, the correlation analysis of various mechanical indexes showed that storage time was highly positively correlated with mass loss, negatively correlated with fruit hardness and modulus of elasticity, but not with rupture limit and total deformation damage energy.
    Apple packaging and integrated device design
    HUANG Ke-jing, LIANG Xian-ming, LIU Yu, LI Wei, WU Guan-yi, CHEN Hong
    2019, 58(15):  128-131.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.030
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    In view of the low efficiency and high labor intensity of citrus apples in orchards in China, a smart packing equipment was designed to realize the functions of picking continuity and automatic intelligent packing, which can improve fruit harvesting efficiency and reduce fruit damage. rate. The device consists of a vertical conveyor, a lifting device, a uniform and a detection device. Through the experimental analysis, the structural parameters and working parameters of the uniform device were determined, that is, the speed of the uniform device was 40 r/min, the height of the uniform device was 10cm from the fruit surface, and the blade length was 60 cm. The design of the key components of the boxing equipment is described, including lifting devices, uniforms, and inspection and detection devices. Design the entire machine through SolidWorks. The control part adopts 8 infrared sensors, which are horizontally distributed on the rising module where the fan blade is located. When the number of apple filling on the horizontal plane reaches the set standard, the single chip outputs a signal to control the motor drive module to realize the automatic lifting of the uniform device. Meet the requirements of the uniform distribution device and the box when the box is full.
    Biological Engineering
    Cloning and genetic evolution analysis of one strain of newcastle disease virus
    XU Ping, XU Xiao-bo, TATIANA Fotina, WANG San-hu, ZHAO Kun
    2019, 58(15):  132-135.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.031
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    A Newcastle disease virus(NDV) was isolated from ND suspected chickens of a scale chicken farm in Xinxiang. The F gene of the isolated Newcastle disease virus(NDV) was amplified and analyzed by genetic evolution. The results showed that the whole nucleotied sequence length of F gene was 1 662 bp. The sequence of amino acid of F gene at the cleavage site is 112R-R-Q-K-R-F117, which is consistent with the characteristics of strong NDV strain. Comparison of the NDV with the strong NDV of gene Ⅶ of epidemic strains from different countries, results showed that the nucleotide homology was 87.5%~97.7%, and in which the comparison with the Ⅶd was 95.4%~97.7%. Comparison of the NDV isolated with the current vaccine strains such as La Sota, Clone-30, B1, Mukteswar and so on, the nucleotide homology was 84.2%~86.6%. The phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that the NDV isolated and Ⅶd strains of FJ882014, FJ608335 and GU227738 were located in the same cladogram branch.
    Effects of mouthwash on genetic damage of root tip cells of garlic
    LI Jun-chen, LIU Zhong-qiu, CAI De-yang, LI Jin-lian, ZHONG Hai-feng, LIN Jun, WU Qun-ying
    2019, 58(15):  136-138.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.032
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    The research aimed to study the effect of mouthwash on the genetic damage of root tip cells of garlic, different concentrations of mouthwash were used separately to treat the root tip of garlic for 8, 12 and 24 h. The results showed that mouthwash induced the aberration of chromosomal and nuclear, the higher concentrations of mouthwash induced higher frequency of micronucleus rates(P<0.05). while he number of mitosis cell of divisions and mitotic index decreased(P<0.05), which were negatively correlated with the treatment time and dose of mouthwash. These results suggested mouthwash caused the genetic damage.
    Economy & Management
    Technology innovation of food industry based on patent analysis
    WU Su-chun, HU Qing-zhi, WANG Chun-yang
    2019, 58(15):  139-145.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.033
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    Based on SooPAT's collection of patent data from 2008—2017 in the food industry, the number of Chinese food patent applications, technology distribution, main applicants, and legal status were analyzed to reveal the characteristics and trends of technological innovation in the food industry. The results show that the technological innovation in the food industry continues to improve, but the core technology innovation ability is insufficient; the distribution of core technology areas is relatively stable, food preparation and processing and general preservation are key research and development areas; patent applicants are mainly enterprises, universities and individuals, but core technologies innovation relies on companies and universities with strong R&D capabilities; according to internal and external environmental changes, the applicant's technical field is adjusted in a timely manner; from the legal status, food technology activity and innovation are improving, and applicants' awareness of patent protection is gradually increasing. Suggestions for promoting technological innovation in the food industry were put forward.
    Research on agricultural intellectual property protection and intellectualization development in Qichun county of Dabie Moutain Area
    SUN Yuan-peng, SUN Yan-ling, WU Zhe, LIU Yu-si, LEI Ya-ning
    2019, 58(15):  146-149.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.034
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    The agricultural resources and industry in Qichun county are introduced, and its intellectual property resources are analyzed. Nine points of strategy for agricultural intellectual property protection and knowledge development in Qichun county under the strategy of rural revitalization and precise poverty alleviation strategy are put forward to provide reference for the protection and development of agricultural intellectual property rights in the Dabie Mountain Area and the poverty-stricken mountainous areas of China.
    Research on agricultural development forecast of Ankang city based on the Regression-ARMA combined model
    LIU Tie
    2019, 58(15):  150-153.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.035
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    A scheme of development of agriculture was put forword by the combined regression-time series (ARMA) combined model.Based on the historical data of Ankang city's main agricultural products, the corresponding effective forecasting model is established. The agricultural development of Ankang city at the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan was predicted and the reasons were analyzed. Several suggestions for promoting agricultural development in Ankang city are proposed.
    Study on the coordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization in Northeast China
    LU Zhao-di
    2019, 58(15):  154-160.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.036
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    Taking 34 prefecture-level cities in Northeast China as research object, from the point of view of population urbanization and land urbanization, using the allometric growth model to determine the state of population urbanization and land urbanization in the northeast preliminarily.Choosing the indicators that can reflect development level of population urbanization and land urbanization directly or indirectly and then set up an evaluation system, the coordinated development level of the population-land urbanization in the northeast is visually expressed by measuring the value of the coordinated development index, and the dynamic evolution process will be analyzed from the perspective of time and space.The research shows that the northeast region has taken the 2001 as the demarcation point and experienced the advanced development of population urbanization and the advanced stage of land urbanization development successively.The index of population urbanization and land urbanization increases with time and the trend of change is similar.The degree of coordinated development of the two is gradually changing from imbalance to coordination. Spatial distribution of coordinated development between population urbanization and land urbanization has formed a core development area centered on provincial capitals and key developing cities since 2000. There are 12 types of development trajectories of coordinated development between population urbanization and land urbanization in 34 prefecture-level cities, which can be divided into coordinated high-speed development zones, erratic development zones, and slow development zones.
    Analysis of the characteristics of the policy of science and technology assisting
    WANG Zheng-ping, NI Zhi-qiang, XIA Ying-ting
    2019, 58(15):  161-166.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.037
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    The concepts and theories related to the policy of scientific and technological assistance to Xinjiang were expounded.A comprehensive analysis of the policy of scientific and technological assistance to Xinjiang was made from 2007 to 2018 using the content analysis method, and the deficiencies in the policy were found out. First, the number of policies is small, and the stability is slightly inadequate. Second, the types are not rich enough. Third, there are more related departments. The policy characteristics of science and technology are analyzed from three aspects of policy tool, policy objective and policy intensity by adopting the policy quantitative analysis method.
    Coupling coordination and influencing factors of regional innovation and informatization in the Yangtze River Delta
    MA Xiang-ping, CHEN Cong-cong
    2019, 58(15):  167-171.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.038
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    Selecting the data of 2012—2016 in the Yangtze River Delta region, the coupling coordination degree model and influencing factor model between regional innovation and informatization are constructed. The principal component analysis method is used to determine the index weight, the comprehensive evaluation index of the Yangtze River Delta region is calculated according to the coupling coordination degree model, while its influencing factors are analyzed by means of fixed effect regression. The results show that the coupling and coordination of innovation and informatization between cities in the Yangtze River Delta region are very different, and the overall high quality coupling and coordination haven't been achieved. The innovation level of the core cities in this region lags behind the informationization level, while of the small and medium-sized cities are opposite. The level of input and the level of urbanization promote the coordinated development of innovation and informatization significantly, while effect of the level of education and openness are not obvious. Based on this, the region should increase innovation support, continue to improve the level of urbanization, and take the balanced development between regions into account.
    Rural Revitalization
    Research on rural environmental governance under the background of rural revitalization strategy
    YANG Teng-fei
    2019, 58(15):  172-174.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.039
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    Accelerating rural environmental governance and building beautiful villages are important elements of the rural revitalization strategy. It analyzes the important practical significance and existing problems of rural environmental governance under the background of rural revitalization strategy, and proposes countermeasures to improve rural environmental pollution.
    Study on the participation of the elderly volunteers association in village governance from the perspective of subjectivity:Taking X community in Zhegao town, Anhui province as an example
    GUO Li, HUANG Zi-yu
    2019, 58(15):  175-178.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.040
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    Taking the elderly volunteer association of X community in Zhegao town, Anhui province as an example, the subjective construction of elderly non-governmental organizations are explored from the aspects of gathering multi-cultures, democratic co-ordination of village affairs, organizing cultural entertainment activities and creating mutual support for the aged. On this basis, the problems of the elderly volunteer association in the process of participating in the village governance are analyzed, and the further development of the elderly volunteer association is puts forward.
    Analysis on the effect of tourism poverty reduction in centralized and depressed areas: Based on the experience data of Shangluo city in Qinba Mountain Area from 2008 to 2017
    GUO Meng, WANG Yi
    2019, 58(15):  179-184.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.041
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    Taking Shangluo city in Qinba Mountain Area, a concentrated area of poverty-stricken areas, as a sample, the empirical data from 2008 to 2017 is analyzed. Through empirical research on the measurement of tourism economic growth and poverty reduction, it is found that economic growth is the main driving force for poverty reduction, tourism industry is a dominant industry in special hardship areas, tourism is an important contributor to economic growth in special hardship areas and the main thrust for poverty alleviation. Based on the above analysis, it is proposed that the development of tourism in concentrated contiguous areas should introduce market mechanisms, develop characteristic agriculture, and strengthen peasant training, so that tourism can better promote poverty alleviation and consolidate the results of poverty alleviation.
    Reflections on the practice of poverty alleviation and relocation in the perspective of social space: Based on the investigation of J village in Guizhou province
    ZHANG Meng
    2019, 58(15):  185-189.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.042
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    Based on the theory of social space, the different degrees of fracture and adaptation of the social space level caused by the change of geography space in the practice of ex situ poverty alleviation in J village of Guizhou province is analyzed. The social space form and changes in the process of ex situ poverty alleviation of J village is interpreted from the four aspects of material living space, social cyberspace, cultural space and institutional space. Thoughts on community construction and reconstruction of the social space of the immigrant area are put forward.
    Study on the cultural heritage protection and industrial development of the treasure of Qichun:Qi-bamboo
    SUN Yuan-peng, SUN Yan-ling, WU Zhe, LIU Yu-si, LEI Ya-ning
    2019, 58(15):  190-192.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.15.043
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    The biocharacteristics and main values of the Qi-bamboo are introduced, and its cultural heritage resources are analyzed. Under the background of rural revitalization strategy and high-quality agricultural development, the strategy of inheriting and inheriting the cultural heritage of Qi-bamboo are explored, and nine suggestions are put forward.