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Table of Content

    10 May 2019, Volume 58 Issue 9
    Reviews
    Progress and prospective of Villosiclava virens infection mechanism
    WANG Zuo-qian, YANG Xiao-lin, LYU Liang, YUAN Bin, CHANG Xiang-qian, ZHANG Shu
    2019, 58(9):  5-8.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.001
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    Rice false smut has become one of the most severe rice disease in China. At present, some progress has been made in the study of rice false smut. There are still some puzzles about infection site and infection mechanism in Villosiclava virens. Laser confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have helped to provide the specific description of infection process of rice false smut in spikelet. However, there were no molecular evidence about the contribution of systemic infection, seedling and seed infection in life cycle. The problems existing in the research of rice false smut were discussed and analyzed. At the same time, the main methods of prevention and control of rice false smut and the methods of pathogen surveillance were summarized.
    Review on carbon cycle model of farmland ecosystem
    DENG Chao-nan
    2019, 58(9):  9-12.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.002
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    The most active carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems carbon cycle is the farmland ecosystem. The carbon cycle model of farmland ecosystem is one of the important methods to study carbon cycle. The law of migration and transformation of carbon between different carbon pools briefly were introduced, the development process of the carbon cycle model of farmland ecosystem was explained, the main carbon cycle modes at home and abroad were reviewed, the research trend of carbon cycle model of farmland ecosystem in the future is prospected. This will provide a scientific basis for reducing agricultural source pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and studying global climate change.
    Breeding & Cultivation
    Analysis of heterosis and spike traits in wheat
    ZHOU Fang-ju, ZHANG Dao-rong, LING Dong, TANG Qing-yi, SUN Hua-wei, LIU Xian-bin, ZOU Xian-bin, LU Tian-tai, SHI Yao-dong
    2019, 58(9):  13-15.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.003
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    The over high parent heterosis of spike traits of 30 hybrids in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) was analyzed, and the relation among spike traits of 60 parents was also analyzed. The results showed that there was over high parent heterosis of grain weight per spike, grain number per spike, panicle length, total spikelets number and effective spikelet number in all 30 hybrids, and the over high parent heterosis of grain number per spike and effective spikelet number was significance at the 0.01 level. There were highly significant correlation among the spike traits in hybrids and parents. And there were highly significant correlations between kernel number per spike and grain weight per spike, kernel number per spike and total spikelets, kernel number per spike and effective spikelet number, grain weight per spike and spike length, grain weight per spike and total spikelets number, grain weight per spike and effective spikelet number, spike length and total spikelets number, spike length and effective spikelet number, total spikelets number and effective spikelet number.
    Status and development countermeasures of soybean industry in Jingmen city
    DENG Jun-bo, HUANG Chang-wu, YANG Fang, WANG Yuan-yuan, CHEN Yan, YAO Wang
    2019, 58(9):  16-18.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.004
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    The planting area of soybean[Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.] in Jingmen is stable at around 20 000 hectares, with a total output of about 50 000 tons. It has the largest centralized production base of 666.7 hectares in Hubei province. The soil selenium content is high along the Hanjiang River Basin in the main producing area, and selenium-enriched soybean has strong market competitiveness. However, there are problems such as small planting scale, weak anti-risk ability, low standardization, low technology penetration rate, lack of brand creation and insufficient deep processing capability. The development of Jingmen soybean industry must clearly define development goals, implement soybean production protection areas as soon as possible, increase investment, strengthen scientific and technological innovation drive, foster new business entities, and strengthen brand creation and publicity.
    Effect of NaCl stress on seed germination and seedling growth of different highland barley cultivars
    ZHANG Yin-le, ZHAO Wei-jin, YU Liang, DANG Sai, ZHANG Yi, WANG Jian-lin
    2019, 58(9):  19-24.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.005
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    Taking 5 highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) varieties in Tibet as experimental materials, the effects of different NaCl concentrations on seed germination and seedling growth of highland barley cultivars were studied, and the salt tolerance of different highland barley varieties was evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that under the 0.1% low concentration of NaCl, the germination and seedling growth of highland barley were promoted. When the concentration increased to 0.5%, seed germination potential, germination rate, vigor index and root length, bud length and root fresh weight of seedlings decreased significantly. When the concentration was 1.0%, Longzi black highland barley and Gouzhi purple highland barley had lost germination ability. Overall, among the 5 highland barley varieties, Xila 22 had the best salt tolerance, followed by Zangqing 320, Zangqing 2000, Gouzhi purple highland barley, and Longzi black highland barley had the lowest salt tolerance.
    Application of hydroxyethyl cellulose polymer slow release fertilizer on tomato
    SONG Jiang, ZHAO Hai-dong, XIANG Yang, ZHAO Gui-zhe, LIU Ya-qing
    2019, 58(9):  25-29.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.006
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    The effects of commercially available fertilizers (organic and chemical fertilizers) and two different polymer slow release fertilizers on soil and plants of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.) were studied by pot experiment. Two different polymer slow release fertilizers were prepared by physical mixing and chemical reaction of NPK-containing polymer slow release fertilizer and hydroxyethyl cellulose water-absorbing resin. According to the same fertilizer application amount, commercially available fertilizers and two kinds of polymer slow-release fertilizers were applied to tomato pots respectively to observe the growth of tomato plants(plant height, leaf chlorophyll content, plant dry weight, tomato fruit number and tomato fruit weight), tomato fruit properties(the content of lycopene, vitamins C, organic acids and soluble sugars) and soil physical and chemical properties(moisture content, ammonium nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen content, catalase and urease activity). The results showed that the soil nutrient content and enzyme activity increased compared with the commercially available fertilizer control soil, and the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content increased by 16.61%, 48.06%, and 21.61%, 84.64%, respectively. Two kinds of polymer slow release fertilizers significantly improved the chlorophyll content and tomato fruit quality of tomato leaves, and also increased the number of tomato fruits, increasing by 40.74% and 33.33%. Consequently, hydroxyethyl cellulose polymer slow release fertilizer can be widely used in agricultural production.
    Performance and cultivation techniques of a high quality rice variety Jingliangyou 1125 in Anlu city
    LI Shu, LI Yong-jun, LI Hong-xia, WANG Ji-an, YANG Ying
    2019, 58(9):  30-32.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.007
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    The large-scale demonstration plant of a high quality rice variety Jingliangyou 1125 in Anlu city of Hubei province was carried out. The results show that this hybrid rice has the early-maturity, medium plant height, stronge tillering ability, many number of grains, strong resistance, high production and good rice quality, and is suitable for cultivating in Anlu city. The main cultivation techniques of Jingliangyou 1125 in Anlu city were introduced.
    Resource & Environment
    Estimation of evapotranspiration of summer maize using improved dual crop coefficient approach
    XIAO Ran, ZHU Yong-hua, LYU Hai-shen
    2019, 58(9):  33-36.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.008
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    In order to estimate the crop evapotranspiration of summer maize(Zea mays L.) in Huaibei plain more accurately, the calculate methods of the basal crop coefficient(Kcb) and the soil evaporation coefficient(Ke) in FAO dual crop coefficient approach were improved using the leaf area index data, which was measured by summer maize experiment in Wudaogou Hydrology Experimental Station in Bengbu city,Anhui province. Then the accuracy of the estimated results by FAO and improved dual crop coefficient approach was evaluated by comparing the estimated values and the observation values which were obtained by lysimeters. The results showed that the accuracy of the improved dual crop coefficient approach was higher than that of FAO dual crop coefficient approach in all growth stages and the whole growth period of summer maize. The improved dual crop coefficient approach was the most effective in the evapotranspiration calculation of summer maize between jointingstage and tasseling stage. The improved dual crop coefficient approach was more suitable for the estimation of evapotranspiration of summer maize in Huaibei plain.
    Risk assessment of mountain floods disaster in Shennongjia village based on GIS and fuzzy mathematics
    WANG Wang-zhen, LI Yu-gang, ZHOU You-you
    2019, 58(9):  37-42.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.009
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    Mountain torrent in Shennongjia forest region occurs frequently. In order to evaluate the disaster situation in various areas of Shennongjia and provide the government with technical support for disaster prevention planning, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of mountain flood disaster risk in villages and towns in Shennongjia forest region was constructed from four angles which were the risk of disaster factors, the exposure of the disaster environment, the vulnerability of the carrier and disaster prevention and mitigation measures according to the occurrence mechanism of mountain flood disasters and the risk assessment principle of mountain flood disasters. And multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of it was carried out by analytic hierarchy process and GIS. Results showed that the forest mountain torrent disaster risk was mainly affected by rainfall, and the overall trend was southwest higher than northeast. Mountain torrent disaster exposure risk distribution had strong regional features, mainly concentrated in the central and western. Vulnerability risk was relatively small. Disaster prevention and mitigation capacity of district was overall weak, and forest infrastructure needs to be strengthened. The concentration area of comprehensive high value of flash floods in Shennongjia forest region was the west Muyu town and Dajiuhu village, two important tourist town, the square of high and above risk area of these two areas accounted for 24.92% of whole district.
    Research on calculation method of annual number of lightning for buildings in different standards
    HE Shan, LE Hui, PI Ying
    2019, 58(9):  43-47.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.010
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    According to the calculation method of the number of lightning per annum in buildings given in national standard GB 50057-2010 and international standard IEC 62305-2:2010, the three components of the correction/location factor, the lightning ground flash density where the building located and the equivalent area of buildings were compared and analyzed respectively. The relationship between the ratio of the annual number of lightning in two standards and the length, width and height of the building was studied under different conditions. The limitations and rationality of the calculating methods of the annual number of lightning in two standards were summarized in order to provide a basis for the design of lightning protection and lightning risk assessment.
    Pre-optimization of nutrients in piggery biogas slurry purified by microalgae
    PU Zhen-yu, LIU Ming, DENG Bing, GAO Qi-shuang, PENG Xia, TAN Jun-jun, JIANG Meng-fu, WANG LIAN-fang, RAN Zhi-ping, FENG Xiao-ting
    2019, 58(9):  48-51.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.011
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    Piggery biogas slurry purification by microalgae is an environment-friendly, low-cost and promising resource reuse mode. The purification efficiency of microalgae was improved by the nutrition optimization of the biogas slurry, including the control of ammonia nitrogen concentration, proper adjustment of C/N,N/P and the elimination of stress effects from excessive heavy metals and antibiotics. These optimization will lay a foundation for industrial development of microalgae purification of biogas slurry.
    The application effect of wheat straw-based polymer slow release fertilizer in tomato
    ZHAO Hai-dong, SONG Jiang, XIANG Yang, ZHAO Gui-zhe, LIU Ya-qing
    2019, 58(9):  52-57.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.012
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    In order to explore the practical application effect of water-retaining polymer slow release fertilizer in agriculture, taking the non-water-retaining polymer slow release fertilizer containing nutrient element NPK(PSRF) and PSRF and water absorbing resin SAPWS physical mixing (PSRF+SAPWS) as control, the effects of polymer-release slow-release fertilizer with semi-interpenetrating network structure (SI-PSRF/SAPWS) on soil nitrogen nutrient content, soil enzyme activity, tomato plant physiological characteristics and tomato quality were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that, compared with PSRF, the contents of NO3--N and NH4+-N in the soil treated by SI-PSRF/SAPWS were increased by 45.16% to 75.46%, 52.85% to 81.80%, respectively. Soil urease activity treated by SI-PSRF/SAPWS was significantly higher than PSRF and PSRF+SAPWS treatment, but there was no significant difference in the effects of three fertilizations on soil catalase activity. Compared with no fertilization control, the actual yield of tomato applied fertilization was 2.5 times, 2.8 times and 3.5 times, respectively, and the actual tomato yield of SI-PSRF/SAPWS treatment was 1.4 times and 1.2 times that of PSRF and PSRF+SAPWS, respectively. Lycopene of tomato treated by SI-PSRF/SAPWS was 15.26% lower than PSRF. In conclusion, SI-PSRF/SAPWS can significantly improve soil nitrogen nutrient content, soil enzyme activity, tomato yield and quality, and can be widely used in agricultural actual production.
    Effects of Ca(OH)2 on corn growing and soil nutrients in acidic soil
    WANG Meng, ZHANG Jun-qiang, JIANG Han-feng, SHANG Shui-gen, HUANG Deng-wu, HUANG Fei-yue, XU Yin-yin, JIANG Shuo-chen, XING Dan-ying, XIANG Yong-sheng
    2019, 58(9):  58-60.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.013
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    Ca(OH)2 was applied to the purple shale-developed soil (pH 5.2) in order to study the effects of application rate on maize(Zea mays L.) growth and soil. The results showed that, the application of Ca(OH)2 had positive effect on maize production in acidified soil. When the application rate was 0 kg/hm2,750 kg/hm2,1 500 kg/hm2,2 250 kg/hm2,3 000 kg/hm2, the corn yield was 7 134.9 kg/hm2,7 296.9 kg/hm2,7 533.9 kg/hm2,7 371.9 kg/hm2,7 273.8 kg/hm2, resepectiely. The relation between the Ca(OH)2 application rate and yield was a quadratic cure (y=-0.000 1x2+0.397 2x+7 120.4), and it reached significant level (R2=0.852 9,P<0.05). The maximum yield(8 303.66 kg/hm2) can be obtained when the application of Ca(OH)2 was 1 986 kg/hm2 by computation. The application of Ca(OH)2 could effectively increase pH for acidified soil. There was a linear relationship between the Ca(OH)2 application amount and pH in the soil (y=0.009 7x+5.962 0), and it reached remarkable significant level(R2=0.953 4,P<0.01). When the application rate was 1 500 kg/hm2, soil was neutral. There was a significant correlation between the application amount of Ca(OH)2 and the available nitrogen (R2=0.914 4,P<0.05), which was a binary cubic equation(y=-8×10-9x3+3×10-5x2-0.025x+111.87). The relation between the amount of Ca(OH)2 and available potassium showed a significant correlation (R2=0.976 1,P<0.01), which was a binary quadratic curve(y=6×10-6x2-0.023 1x+73.257). And there was a significant correlation between Ca(OH)2 application rate and the organic matter (R2=0.918 1,P<0.05), which was a binary quadratic cure(y=-4×10-7x2+0.000 2x+29.471).
    Horticulture & Local Products
    Primary research on intruduction and cultivation of the medicinal dwarf ginkgo
    CHEN Zhan-peng, YAN Liang, GE Chang-jun, XU Li-rong, JIANG Yan-yan, DAI Jun-fen
    2019, 58(9):  61-63.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.014
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    This research compared the effect on the survival rate, growth potential and weeds control of medicinal dwarf ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba L.) with different cultivars, different cultivation densities and different mulching methods, and investigated the methods of improving the seedling survival rate and seedling strengthening rate by intercropping corn and soybean in the medicinal dwarf ginkgo. The results showed that, the cultivars Great Buddha hand and Enshi Ginkgo were recommended to build the medicinal dwarf ginkgo nursery with avoiding the area of direct light and direct light, which can effectively shorten the period of transplanting and improve the survival rate of medicinal dwarf ginkgo. Covering black film ground can effectively prevent weeds and save costs. Also, intercroping corn in the medicinal dwarf ginkgo could improve the seedling survival rate of medicinal dwarf ginkgo nursery and obviously increase the economic efficiency.
    Comprehensive evaluation and analysis on seven varieties of Vernicia fordii in Guangxi
    HUANG Rui-chun, HUANG Ding-rong, LIU Ze-fa, LI Tao, LI Ping, WU Hai-ying, WANG Cheng-nan
    2019, 58(9):  64-68.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.015
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    Aiming to comprehensively evaluate the variety resources of tung oil in Guangxi, the tung oil production, fruit characters and physicochemical property of seven main varieties of Vernicia fordii including Nandan Bainian, Longsheng Dapantao, Sanjiang Wuzhao, Gongcheng Duinian, Longlin, Longlin Aijiao and Du'an Aijiao were investigated and analyzed, and comprehensive evaluatuin was carried out with fuzzy mathematics. The results showed that,Nandan Bainian, Longsheng Dapantao tung oil showed the best performance, and Longlin Aijiao was the better, the three fine varieties can provide references for the selection of Vernicia fordii varieties in northern Guangxi, adjacent area Guizhou and Hunan provinces.
    Optimization of grape micro-grafting tissue culture and rapid propagation system
    by response surface methodology
    2019, 58(9):  69-74.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.016
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    In order to improve the quality of fresh grape seedlings and the breeding speed of fresh varieties, the fresh grape variety Jinghongbao was used as the experimental material to explore the effects of factors such as the type and concentration of natural nutrient additives, disinfection time of explants, photoperiod, micro-grafting methods and binding materials on the survival rate of grape micro-grafted seedlings. The best experimental conditions for grape micro-grafted seedlings were determined by response surface methodology, and the grape micro-grafting tissue culture rapid propagation system was optimized. The results showed that the addition of banana mud in MS+0.2 mg/L IBA+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+30.0 g/L sucrose+7.0 g/L agar medium(pH 5.8~6.0) could significantly decrease the browning rate and pollution rate of micro-grafted seedlings and promote the elongation of adventitious roots. The response surface analysis further confirmed that the optimal experimental conditions for grape micro-grafting tissue culture were: HgCl2 disinfection time 7.1 min, light time 17 h, banana mud concentration 700 mg/L. On this basis, the survival rate of grape micro-grafted seedlings using the splicing method and tin foil as the binding material was significantly higher than other treatments.
    Effects of organic fertilizer and fertilizer on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Sanming county of Fujian province
    YANG Yang, HUI Fei-qiong, HU Shi-long, OU Ming-yi, WU Ping, LIU Qi-tong, ZHANG Xiu-qu, LIN Zhi-hui, WU You-xiang
    2019, 58(9):  75-79.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.017
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    In order to study the different organic fertilizer and fertilizer on the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Sanming county of Fujian province, the effects of different methods of organic fertilizer and fertilizer application on the growth and quality of tobacco leaf production in Sanming county of Fujian province were studied by single factor randomized field experiment, using CB-1 as the test material. The results showed that the combination of organic fertilizer and fertilizer had no significant effect on the agronomic characters of tobacco during the agronomic period. Excessive application of organic fertilizer and too little application of tobacco special fertilizer(T5) would affect the opening of leaves; the combination of organic fertilizerand tobacco special fertilizer can significantly improve the disease resistance of tobacco plants; the effects of organic fertilizers and fertilizers on output and output were not significant(except T4 output value); the combination of organic fertilizer and fertilizer can obviously reduce the content of nicotine, total nitrogen and chlorine in tobacco leaves, increase the content of potassium in tobacco leaves(except T1), and improve the chemical coordination of tobacco leaves; improve the sensory quality of tobacco leaves(T3, T5). In Sanming tobacco area of Fujian province, T3(tobacco special fertilizer 645 kg/hm2+rapeseed cake 375 kg/hm2+cow dung 1 500 kg/hm2) is suitable for fertilization.
    Changes of polyphenol content and related enzyme activities in different leaf positions of tobacco
    LI Xiao-ning, XU Xing-yang, FAN Mao-pan, YANG Qing-song, ZHAO Yan
    2019, 58(9):  80-85.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.018
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    Aiming to analyze the dynamic changes of secondary metabolites and related enzymes during tobacco growth, the content, antioxidant activity and expression level of polyphenols in tobacco leaves at different leaf positions were studied in three tobacco planting experimental sites. In the same sampling site, the content of polyphenols in tobacco leaves of different leaf positions showed as follows:upper leaf position>middle leaf position>lower leaf position. The activities of PAL, PPO, C4H and 4CL in tobacco leaves at different positions showed that the enzyme activity in the upper leaves was the highest. The antioxidant activity of polyphenols in vitro showed that polyphenols in different leaf positions had certain scavenging ability to DPPH and hydroxyl free radicals. q-PCR analysis showed that the expression of PAL and PPO genes in the upper leaf was significantly higher than that of other leaf positions. Dynamic changes of secondary metabolites, enzyme activity and gene expression levels were correlated with tobacco maturity during the growth of flue-cured tobacco.
    Aquatic Products & Processing
    Study on habitat selection of Leptobrachium ailaonicum
    YANG Yun-li, LIU Jia-zhong, CHEN Zhen, YANG Li-yun, LI Hong-mei
    2019, 58(9):  86-89.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.019
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    The habitat selection of Leptobrachium ailaonicum was investigated by field survey and indoor culture, and comprehensive evaluation was carried out by principal component analysis. The results showed that, generally, Leptobrachium ailaonicum inhabited in flat terrain, more ground cover, ground relative air humidity of 80% to 92%, ground temperature of 17 ℃ to 21 ℃, water temperature of 14 ℃ to 19 ℃, water pH of 6.1 to 7.0, higher water quality, small-scale water area(including gutterway, pond, puddle) where are far away from large-scale water area(including reservoir, river, lake) and residential area, or in bush which vegetation height is higher than 100 cm and coverage of 60% to 80%. The principal component analysis showed that vegetation characteristics (vegetation type, height and coverage), air(ground temperature and relative air humidity), water feature(water depth, temperature, flow rate, pH and distance from the nearest large-scale water area), disturbance intensity(land-use type, distance from the nearest road and cropland), topographic features(matrix type of ground, terrain, slop aspect and location) were the most important in determining the habitat selection of the Leptobrachium ailaonicum. Which reflected the needs of temperature, humidity, food and shelter of Leptobrachium ailaonicum.
    Development of crispy peanut candy with Sanchi flower
    CAO Jie
    2019, 58(9):  90-93.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.020
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    The crispy candy uses Sanchi flower and peanut as raw materials. The optimum craft of crispy candy is obtained with the orthogonal design L9(34) based on the single-factor experiment for the ratio of sugar, citric acid addition, Sanchi flower addition, peanut addition, black sesame addition and formulated temperature. The results shows that the optimum formula is composed of the ratio of sugar about 5∶3, citric acid 0.65%, Sanchi flower 2.5%, peanut 34%, black sesame 8% and formulated temperature 150 ℃.
    Detection Analysis
    Simultaneous determination effective state of mineral elements in soil by ultrasonic extraction-ICP-MS method
    YANG Zhe, CHEN Qiu-sheng, ZHANG Qiang, LIU Ye-tong, YIN Ping
    2019, 58(9):  94-97.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.021
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    This experiment with DTPA as extracted,Ultrasonic extraction is established-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) in the determination of soil effective state of Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn. Experiment investigates the factors such as ultrasonic extraction time, measurement conditions, and has carried on the contrast research to eliminate matrix interference. Under the condition of the optimization of the ICP-MS,the results shows that effective state of Fe Mn Cu and Zn have good linearity in the concentrations of 1~200 μg/L. and the detection limits of the method are 45.6 μg/L、0.90 μg/L、0.32 μg/L、0.44 μg/L, the relative standard deviation less than 5%(n=6). The precision and accuracy of the method were verified by analyaing national standard reference materials, The relative error less than 5%(n=6), there was no significant differentce between this method and national standard method(NY/T890-2004) by test and the results were consistent with the national standard method. This method has characteristics of convenient low detection limit high accuracy and good precision, which can be applied to determin with available forms of effective state Fe Mn Cu and Zn in large batches agricultural pollution soil.
    Comparative study on the content of total anthraquinone in sanhuang Xiexin decoction with different dosages
    WEI Jiang-cun, QIN Zu-jie, OU He-sheng, XIE Zhen, CHEN Yong, LI Jin-zhou, CHEN Zi-juan, HAN Qian
    2019, 58(9):  98-100.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.022
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    To establish a UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of total anthraquinones in Xiexin decoction with different doses. The content of total anthraquinone in Xiexin soup at different doses was calculated by determining at 512 nm wavelength and the solution of magnesium acetate with a concentration of 1% as a colorant. The content of the total anthraquinone in Xiexin soup with different doses was calculated, and the difference was compared. This method reveals the change of total anthraquinone content in Xiexin soup with different dosage. The content of total anthraquinones in Xiexin soup with different doses is different, which may affect the dissolution rate of total anthraquinone with different doses of Scutellariz baicalensis and Coptis chinensis. This method can be used as the quality control method of traditional Chinese medicine prescription in different dosages, and the combination of different dosage of traditional Chinese medicine in the future.
    Study on chemical component of volatile oil from cinnamon leaf in different habitats
    LI Yao-hua, LIANG Jian-li, WEI Jiang-cun, HUANG Long-juan, HUANG Rui-song, LEI Pei-lin
    2019, 58(9):  101-103.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.023
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    The volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation, and the components of cinnamon leaf volatile oil from eight habitats were analyzed by gaschromatography-massspectrometry(GC-MS). The results showed that the main constituent of essential oil in eight producing areas was trans-cinnamaldehyde, but in differ degree were dissimilar.
    Detection of halauxifen-methyl in barley by gas chromatography without purification
    HUANG Jian, ZHANG Wen-guo, WANG Jin-juan, SHI Jin-hui, SUN Xue-ting, WANG Xiao-ying
    2019, 58(9):  104-106.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.024
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    The method for determination of halauxifen-methyl in barley was established by gas chromatography. The samples were extracted by acetone and then separated by centrifugation. The acetone solution was died by N2, dissolved by n-hexane with certain volume and then determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detector. The component was qualitated by retention time and quantitated by peak area using external standard method. Halauxifen-methyl had a good linearity between 0.02~0.50 mg/L,r=0.999 1, with detection limit of 0.004 mg/kg. Test for recovery was made by standard addition method using blank samples. The values of recovery ranged from 86.4%~92.1%. Values of RSDn=6) found were in the range of 9.1%~12.3%. The method was simple with high sensitivity and wide linear range, which was valuable for the determination of halauxifen-methyl in barley.
    GC-MS analysis of chemical components of volatile components from Dendrobenthamia japonica in flowers
    BAI Yan-rong, YU Lei
    2019, 58(9):  107-109.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.025
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    Volatile chemical constituents in flowers of four flowers were analyzed by means of top solid phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results showed that 41 volatile chemical components, including enes, esters, alcohols, and a small amount of acids, heterocyclic and alkanes, were identified from the flowers of the four flowers. The main components are 15 species, such as 4-methylheptane, accounting for 86.83% of the total relative content. Monoterpenoids are the main components of various essential oils, and the research provides a theoretical basis for the further processing of this variety.
    Comparison of catechin and epicatechin content in three peach fruit cultivars
    WU Fei-fei, ZHANG Di, ZHOU Jing, WANG Fu-rong, HE Hua-ping, XU Ling-yun
    2019, 58(9):  110-113.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.026
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    The HPLC technology was used to determine the content of catechin and epicatechin in the fruits of red peach variety “Tianxianhong”, white peach variety “Jinhua Dabaitao” and yellow peach variety “Jinxiang”. In red, yellow and white peach cultivars, the contents of catechin in peels were 66.2~170.1, 64.9~169.5 and 18.6~146.3 μg/g·FW, the contents of catechin in the flesh were 0.2~31.7, 7.6~33.8 and 2.1~25.1 μg/g·FW, the epicatechin contents in the peels were 4.9~24.3, 8.4~17.2 and 2.8~7.2 μg/g·FW, and the epicatechin contents in the pulp were 1.0~35.8, 1.5~29.5 and 1.6~4.8 μg/g·FW, respectively. The content of catechin in the peels was significantly higher than that of epicatechin. The content of catechins in the peels was higher than that in the flesh. The contents of catechin and epicatechin were high in white flesh peach at the early stage of ripening, but high in yellow flesh peach at the mid-maturing stage of ripening, and high in red flesh peach at late-maturing stage of ripening.
    Quantitative determination of 4 isoflavones of Pueraria lobata and Pueraria thomsonii from Zitong in Sichuan province by HPLC
    XU Wei-feng, DU Chun-yan, XU Shu-yu, LI Qi-yuan, SU Li-li, YANG Gang, JIANG He-zhong
    2019, 58(9):  114-116.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.027
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    To determine the contents of four isoflavones of Pueraria lobata and Pueraria thomsonii in Sichuan Zitong by HPLC. The chromatographic conditions were YMC-Pack ODS-A C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm). The linear range of puerarin, 3′-methoxy puerarin, daidzin and daidzein were 0.050~0.750, 0.010~0.150, 0.010~0.150 and 0.012~0.180 μg, respectively, and it showed a good linear relationship(r>0.999), the average recovery rate was between 96.52%~100.22%, and RSD was between 0.75%~1.84%(n=6). This method is simple, accurate and reproducible. It is suitable for the determination of isoflavones in Puerarin. The contents of 4 isoflavones of P. lobata are obviously higher than P. thomsonii from Zitong, Sichuan Province. And the content of daidzein in P. lobata and P. thomsonii from Zitong is obviously higher than other habitat origins reported.
    Study on antioxidant activity of Eugenia cargophyllata Thunb.
    HUANG Jing-ling, JIANG Han-mei, TU Han, MENG Jia-min, XIAO Yu-shuo
    2019, 58(9):  117-119.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.028
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    The antioxidant activity of total flavonoids from Caryophylli flos was studied with 2,6-tert butyl-4-methyl phenol (BHT), quercetin, and essential oil from Caryophylli flos as reference, and the total reducing capacity and scavenging DPPH· free radical ability as evaluating indicator. The total flavonoids of Eugenia Cargophyllata Thunb. had better antioxidant activity,and its reducing power was slightly lower than that of positive control BHT and higher than that of essential oil from Caryophylli flos. The DPPH· free radical scavenging capacity increased obviously with the increase of concentration. When the concentration reached 0.15 and 0.2 mg/mL,DPPH· radical scavenging rate exceeded essential oil from Caryophylli flos and positive control BHT respectively.
    Biological Engineering
    Establishment of tissue culture system of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent.
    TIAN Rui, HUANG Yong-ming, LU Su-fang, XU Ai-chun, DAI Yong-hong, GONG Yan, QIN zhong-qi
    2019, 58(9):  120-123.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.029
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    The hybrid tree[Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent.]—Zhongke No. 1 was used as the experimental material, through the culture and expansion of the stem segments of the hybrid tree in vitro, the effects of different hormones on callus, shoot buds, strong seedlings and roots were studied. The results showed that the survival rate of explant material, stems of the buds with axillary buds, could reach 44%, after immersed in 75% ethanol solution for 40 s, then sterilized by 0.3% HgCl2 for 15 min. The optimal medium for inducing callus is MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+sucrose 25 g/L+agar 7.0 g/L, pH 5.6~5.8, the callus induction rate reached 90%. The optimal medium for inducing cluster buds was MS+IBA 1.5 mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+sucrose 25 g/L+agar 7.0 g/L,pH 5.6~5.8, the growth coefficient of cluster buds is 4.2, and the growth potential is good. The optimal medium for strong seedlings is MS+0.2 mg/L IBA+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+sucrose 25 g/L+agar 7.0 g/L, pH 5.6~5.8, average plant height is 4.8 cm. The optimal medium for rooting is 1/2 MS+IBA 0.8 mg/L+activated carbon 1.5 g/L+potato 50 g/L+sucrose 25 g/L+agar 7.0 g/L,pH 5.6~5.8, rooting rate is 100%. The best seedling transplanting substrate soil is a mixed substrate of peat∶perlite∶vermiculite=1∶1∶1. The seedlings grow best, with an average plant height of 7.3 cm.
    Establishment of the tissue culture and rapid propagation system on Rhododendron sinogrande Balf. f. et W. W. Sm.
    ZHANG Xin-ling, LI Xin-yi, LI Na, KONG Ling-fang
    2019, 58(9):  124-127.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.030
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    Through the initiating and proliferating culture of Rhododendron sinogrande seedling, the sterilization method and media components of initiating and proliferating culture suitable for R. sinogrande were explored to establish the tissue culture system of R. sinogrande. The results showed that, the fungus contamination rate of two kinds of Rhododendron were lower when they were sterilized for eight minutes under 0.1% HgCl2, and the fungus contamination rate for R. sinogrande and R. edgeworthii Hook. f. was 5% and 10%, respectively. The initiation rate of R. sinogrande seeding was the highest for 80%, when the concentration of IBA was 0.3 mg/L and the concentration of ZT was 0.01 mg/L in the medium; The multiple proliferation was the highest for 5.32, when the concentration of TDZ was 6 mg/L in the medium.
    Economy & Management
    Study on the determinants of Asian economies' direct investment inflows to Laos
    CHEN Xiao, ZHANG Xiao-nan
    2019, 58(9):  128-130.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.031
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    Foreign direct investment(FDI) inflows play a crucial role in the economic growth of any country. FDI inflows in the economic literature and their impact on economic growth are worthy of attention. In order to analyze the main determinants of FDI inflows from Asian countries with high investment value in Laos, static and dynamic gravitational models were analyzed for relevant data from 1995 to 2015. The results show that natural resources (hydropower, mining), last year's FDI, market size(host country), inflation rate, infrastructure and WTO have a positive impact on Asian economies' FDI inflows into Laos; while real exchange rates and trade openness, relations with ASEAN, distance and economic crisis are not the key determinants of direct investment by Asian countries.
    Research on the formation mechanism of forestry carbon sequestration price based on stackelberg differential game
    CHEN Yue-hua, ZHANG Hao
    2019, 58(9):  131-136.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.032
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    Based on the Stackelberg differential game model, a game analysis framework between the government and forestry carbon sink enterprises in terms of carbon exchange transaction price, transaction volume and transfer payment level is established, and the mechanism of forming carbon sink transaction price through game is studied. The results show that with the improvement of the forestry carbon trading market, the price of the carbon sink Stackelberg differential game is decreasing year by year; the total amount of carbon sink transactions is increasing year by year; the level of government transfer payment is increasing year by year; and the government and forestry carbon sink enterprises have been increasing for many years. After years of game between the government and forestry carbon sink enterprises, all three have stabilized, which provides reference for the government to formulate tax policies and decision-making for forestry carbon sink enterprises, and promote the improvement and development of forest carbon sinks and carbon trading markets.
    Study on the coordinated development of economy-population-society-space urbanization in central China:Taking Hubei province as an example
    WANG Huan, WANG Chun-xia
    2019, 58(9):  137-141.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.033
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    Urbanization is a comprehensive development process including economy,population,space and social urbanization. The sustainable development of urbanization can be realized when four subsystems are coordinate and advance together. Since 2005, the level of urbanization development in four dimensions of Hubei province has been improved, and the degree of coupling and coordination between various dimensions has been continuously improved. In the past 10 years, the urbanization of Hubei province was the process of urbanization led by space urbanization. The fact that urbanization of population has lagged behind other dimensions has restricted the sustainable development of urbanization in Hubei province. The coordination degree of urbanization development in different dimensions of Hubei province still has a large room for improvement. In the future, we should pay more attention to the urbanization of population, and at the same time prevent the blind expansion of urban scale to promote the sustainable development of urbanization.
    Research on land reserve cost and income based on spatial gravity model:Taking Karamay city as an example
    GUO Ru, LIU Xin-ping
    2019, 58(9):  142-148.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.034
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    Taking the main city of Karamay as the research area, which is divided into 14 land reserve potential evaluation areas, the land reserve cost and income is analyzed by constructing the land reserve cost and income account calculation system, and introducing the circle theory and space gravity model. The results show that the total cost of land reserve in Karamay city is 2,472,417,300 yuan; the average land area cost per unit area is 3,558,600 yuan/hm2; the total expected land income is 2,135,649,200 yuan; and the average unit area land reserve income is 3,073,600 yuan/hm2. When the land storage and storage cost of the first-level circle increase by 10,000 yuan/hm2, it will increase the average cost of land storage and storage in the second-level circle by 4 600 yuan/hm2; and the fluctuation of the unit space distance is 2 700 yuan/km. The fluctuation of the unit space between the second layer and the third layer is 1 900 yuan/km. The wave gravitational attraction value of the Heiyoushan area and Fenghua area of the second layer is 6 200~6 400 yuan; the attenuation amplitude is 36%; and the gravitation attenuation is 1 900 yuan/km. The gravitational forces attenuation amplitudes of the first-three level and second-third are 89% and 90%, respectively; and the attenuation power is equivalent. The cost of land storage and storage will decrease with the expansion of the city. Karamay city should rationally allocate land reserve financial funds, scientifically plan the scale of land reserve planning, mainly select land with hot market demand, better infrastructure and low land acquisition and storage, and break through financing channels within the system.
    Analysis of spatial-temporal differences and driving forces of urban residential investment in China
    YANG Jun-xiang, ZHANG Lin, ZHAO Ming-min
    2019, 58(9):  149-153.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.035
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    Taking 291 prefecture-level cities in China as the basic analysis unit, the Theil index is used to analyze the spatial-temporal difference pattern of urban residential investment in China from 2000 to 2014; and geo-detectors are applied to analyze the driving forces of urban residential investment differences in various regions of China. Research shows that from 2000 to 2014, urban residential investment in various regions increased year by year, and the spatial-temporal differentiation was significant. The urban residential investment in the eastern, central and western regions was significantly different. The cities with large residential investment were mainly distributed in the Bohai Rim region, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, eastern coastal cities, and capital cities in central China. According to the analysis of the Theil index, the inter-regional differences and intra-regional differences in urban residential investment are gradually decreasing. According to the analysis of geo-detectors, urban permanent residents, built-up area, fixed assets investment and real estate practitioners are four important factors that affect the differentiation of urban residential investment.
    Product market competition,internal control and financial leasing
    LI Qing-qing, NIE Zhi-ping
    2019, 58(9):  154-159.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.036
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    Using the sample data of A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2016, the impact of product market competition and internal control quality on the scale of corporate financial leasing is analyzed. The results show that the degree of product market competition is negatively related to the scale of corporate financial leasing; the improvement of internal control quality can weaken the negative correlation between product market competition and corporate leasing scale. In this regard, relevant suggestions such as improving the internal control system of the enterprise, purifying the competitive environment of the market, and setting up a platform for financing the enterprise are put forward.
    The research of city tourism destination——Taking the culture of Guanyin and Xiangyu as the theme
    LIU Shuang
    2019, 58(9):  160-162.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.037
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    According to the statistics of tourism literature of Huzhou city, the domestic and arrivals tourists and the ticket sales data were researched from 2008 to 2017. The results showed that the tourism economy of three counties and two districts in Huzhou city was developing rapidly, and the research contents of tourism in Huzhou city were extensive,but there was a lack of researches on large-scale tourist destinations. Among them, Huzhou city district(Wuxing district) was obviously lagging behind in 2017, and tourism income plummeted. Therefore, some suggestions put forward to create an urban tourism destination with the theme of Guanyin culture and Xiangyu culture, in order to transform the situation of small and dispersed tourist spots in the urban area of Huzhou, to keep the tourists, to increase the number of tourists and the tourism income.
    Analysis of the current communication situation and strategies of WeChat graphic message in meteorology
    XU Cai-yan, ZHANG Yan-ran
    2019, 58(9):  163-167.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.038
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    The background data of "Shandong weather" is analyzed and compared with the top ten graphic messages in order to better play the role of WeChat in meteorological services. The general situation of "Shandong weather" was expounded and it was summarized that "Shandong weather" has the advantages of authority, timeliness, wide audience, high degree of participation and flexible form in meteorological service. The current situation of transmission is the overall increase in reading volume, the decline and then the upward trend. There is room for improvement in reading rates. The effect of weather process pushing is better than meteorological science pushing. Spread effect affected by multiple factors. The push of pictures and texts has led to the increase in the number of fans. Therefore the operators should be plan reasonably, grasp the good delivery time, enhance attractiveness of cover and the title, follow the current event hot spot, increase the secondary transmission, innovate in pushing form, avoid aesthetic fatigue, change position. The operators should edit graphic message according to user's property, strengthen interaction and promote the secondary transmission to increase the rate of reading and provide?better meteorological service for the audience.
    Project-driven innovation and entrepreneurship education system construction and effect research
    PEI Yao-nan, WANG Cheng-wu, ZHOU Jie
    2019, 58(9):  168-174.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.039
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    From the perspective of project-driven innovation and entrepreneurship education, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship education for Xinjiang Agricultural University students. Structural equation model (SEM) was used to test and analyze the factors influencing the construction and effectiveness of innovation and entrepreneurship education system. The results show that the willingness, environment, practice and ability of innovation and entrepreneurship have significant positive impact on the implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship education system, and the degree of impact from large to small is ability, practice, environment, willingness; projects, courses and platforms have the most significant impact on the cultivation of College Students' innovation and entrepreneurship ability. In this regard, the strategy of establishing the "trinity" innovation and entrepreneurship education system from three aspects, construction project guidance system, optimization of curriculum training system and platform support system, is put forward in order to provide more innovative talents for social and economic development.
    Rural Revitalization
    Research on PPP risk sharing in beautiful rural construction
    LEI Shi-wen, YANG Jun-xiao
    2019, 58(9):  175-181.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.040
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    Carrying out the strategy of rural revitalization and promoting the construction of beautiful countryside are the important measures to promote the cross-development of regional economic and social transformation. The PPP can make better use of the advantages of all participants, improve the project construction and operation efficiency, and it can be rapidly promoted in the construction of beautiful countryside. Effective control and reasonable sharing of risk factors in PPP projects are the basis to ensure the smooth progress of the project. Identify the main risk bearers through the risk factor identification process, and then identify the main risk factors in the PPP of beautiful rural construction. The index system is established from the perspective of the influence degree of risk sharing effect, and the risk sharing model was constructed by using the grey correlation analysis method. An empirical case study of a PPP project of the beautiful rural construction in Urumqi city is conducted to demonstrate the correctness and applicability of the model, then a preliminary risk sharing scheme is designed.
    Analysis of farmers' willingness to pay for domestic waste treatment and its influencing factors:A case study of Yaodu district,Linyi city,Shanxi province
    GU Hai-bin, DANG Guo-ying
    2019, 58(9):  182-187.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.041
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    The phenomenon of "garbage surrounding villages" has seriously affected the living and environmental quality of rural residents and has become a huge obstacle to the construction of a new socialist countryside and beautiful China. Using conditional value assessment method(CVM) to design the questionnaire, and taking the rural residents in Yaodu district, Linyi city, Shanxi province as the survey objects, Logistic regression and principal component analysis are used to empirically analyze the willingness of farmers to pay for domestic garbage treatment. The results show that 40.35% of the farmers have the willingness to pay, and are willing to pay an annual average of 70.47 yuan/household for the treatment of domestic waste. The factors affecting the willingness of farmers to pay are: age, health condition, propagandizing of environmental protection concept, policy supervision, education level and job category. Among them, age and health condition have the greatest impact, followed by environmental protection propaganda and policy supervision; education and work have the minimum impact.
    A study on the influencing factors of the participation degree of rural migrants in the late stage based on the hierarchical regression model:A case study of Fuling district,Chongqing,Three Gorges reservoir area
    LIU Jing, WANG Yang, DAI Li
    2019, 58(9):  188-192.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.09.042
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    In order to effectively improve the participation of rural migrants in the Three Gorges reservoir area in the late stage to achieve the expected effect of the government, the Fuling district of Chongqing city with rich immigration types was selected for questionnaire survey. Using SPSS 21.0 software for data analysis, a hierarchical regression model of the factors affecting rural immigration participation was established, and the significant influence factors of rural immigrant participation in the 5-layer regression model were obtained. In response to the data results, measures to improve the participation of rural migrants in the late stage were proposed.