Table of Content

25 January 2025, Volume 64 Issue 1

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Breeding & Cultivation

Effects of shading treatments on the kernel abortion and yield of maize

CHANG Xiao, WANG Xiao-bo, LIU Bo-lin, YANY Zhao-sheng, LI Jian

2025, 64(1):  1-6.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.001

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Using maize （Zea mays L.） hybrid varieties Zhongyan 1603 and Zhongyan 698 as test materials, different shading duration treatments were set under field planting conditions to explore the effects of different shading treatments（30% shading rate） on maize kernel abortion, yield and its components. The results showed that in terms of kernel abortion, yield and its components, Zhongyan 698 was more sensitive to shading treatments than Zhongyan 1603. The proportion of kernel abortion increased with the increase of shading duration. At the stage of total small flowers to fertilize small flowers and the stage of fertilized small flowers to grains, shading stageⅢ（the 8th leaf stage to the 18th leaf stage shading） and shading stageⅣ（the 8th leaf stage to the silking stage shading） had significantly higher abortion rates than the non shading control （P<0.05）. In the mature period, the ear length, ear diameter and the kernels per row decreased with the increase of shading duration, and the difference between shading stage Ⅳ and the non shading control was significant（P<0.05）, while shading had no effect on the number of rows per ear. The yield, thousand-grains weight and number of grains per spike under shading treatments were lower than those of the non-shading control, and the differences between the shading stage Ⅲ, Ⅳ and the non-shading control were significant （P<0.05）, while shading had no effect on the number of harvested panicles. The correlation analysis results showed that the shading duration and the interval days between flowering and silk emergence were significantly positively correlated with the abortion rates （P<0.01）. In addition to the number of harvested panicles, the yield indicators were significantly negatively correlated with the number of shading days and the interval days between flowering and silk emergence （P<0.01）. This indicated that with the increase of shading, the interval days between flowering and silk emergence of maize were extended, and the kernels abortion rate after silk emergence was increased, resulting in a decrease in ear length, ear diameter and the kernels per row, thereby reducing thousand grain weight, grains per spike and yield.

Resource & Environment

Efficiency calculation and layout optimization of national land spatial utilization in Jinzhong City

DENG Ze-lan, LIU Hui-fang, WANG Jin, GUO Yong-long

2025, 64(1):  7-15.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.002

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Taking Jinzhong City of Shanxi Province as an example, the layout optimization path under the difference of national land spatial utilization efficiency was explored. Firstly, based on the analysis of land spatial utilization system, the land spatial utilization efficiency of Jinzhong City was measured. Secondly, the scenario plan and index system of national land spatial development and protection with efficiency as the core were constructed, and multi-criteria decision analysis was introduced to identify the advantages of spatial development. Finally, the land spatial utilization of Jinzhong City was optimized using the method of space superposition, classification and merger. The results showed that the land utilization efficiency of Jinzhong City had obvious spatial imbalance, showing the distribution characteristic of high in the east and west, and low in the middle. The western and northwestern plain areas of Jinzhong City had more advantages in urban development and agricultural production, which were mainly determined as urban advantage areas and agricultural advantage areas under different scenarios, while the eastern mountainous areas had prominent ecological advantages and were mainly classified as ecological advantage areas. There were six types of optimized territorial space zoning in Jinzhong City, including the urban core development area, agricultural core production area, ecological core protection area, urban-rural integration development area, ecological and agricultural development area, ecological and economic development area, and the overall distribution was relatively concentrated. Among them, the ecological core protection area had the largest area, accounting for 37.27%. The future development of Jinzhong City should adjust the land utilization structure, improve the factor input mechanism, and realize the efficient use of land space to support high-quality development according to the land spatial optimization zoning characteristics that the northwest mainly developed towns and agriculture, and the southeast mainly developed ecology.

Study on prediction and trade-off/synergies of ecosystem service value in Changji City under multiple scenarios

CHEN Meng-xi, WANG Cheng-wu, YAN Tian-liang

2025, 64(1):  16-22.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.003

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Taking Changji City of Xinjiang Province as an example, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of land use and ecosystem service value （ESV） under multiple scenarios in 2030 were predicted based on the PLUS model and the equivalent factor method. At the same time, Pearson correlation analysis and bivariate spatial auto-correlation analysis were carried out to explore the trade-off/synergies relationship. The results showed that, from 2010 to 2030, the land use structure of Changji City had changed significantly, with the most significant changes under the urban development scenario and the most moderate changes under the ecological protection scenario. From 2010 to 2020, the ESV of Changji City decreased by 693 million yuan. From 2020 to 2030, the ESV would decrease by 653 million yuan, 626 million yuan and 611 million yuan in the urban development scenario, cultivated land protection scenario and natural development scenario, respectively; under the ecological protection scenario, the ESV would increase by 50 million yuan, and the individual ESV also showed an increasing trend. There was an obvious synergistic relationship between ecosystem services in Changji City, with the northern desert and central construction land areas showing low-low synergy, while the southern woodland and grassland were mainly high-high synergy, and the high-low trade-off and low-high trade-off were distributed around the wetland in a dotted pattern.

Drought characteristics and spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of water cycle factors based on remote sensing and assimilation data

LIU Yan-qun, WANG Min, HUANG Guan-rong, LI Li-fang, LI Cao-ming

2025, 64(1):  23-27.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.004

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Based on the Global Land Data Assimilation System as the data source, the temperature vegetation drought index was improved. On this basis, the drought characteristics were analyzed. The four assimilation data including evapotranspiration, groundwater runoff, precipitation and soil water storage were selected as water cycle elements, and the spatio-temporal evolution of water cycle elements was analyzed using wavelet transform. The results showed that the correlation between the improved temperature vegetation drought index（TVDI） and soil moisture data had been improved. When the soil depth was between 0 cm and 10 cm, the correlation between TVDI and soil moisture was the highest except for individual climatic regions. The correlation between TVDI and soil moisture in the warm season was better than that in the cold season except for the Northwest Desert region and the Inner Mongolia grassland areas. The annual precipitation in China was concentrated between 600 mm and 700 mm, with evapotranspiration below 500 mm. The annual groundwater runoff in China ranged from 100 mm to 250 mm, and the annual soil water storage capacity ranged from 460 mm to 540 mm. The annual evapotranspiration and annual precipitation in the Northwest Desert region,Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China showed a significant increase trend, and the annual soil water storage and annual groundwater runoff in the Northwest Desert region and Northeast China showed a significant downward trend.

Effects of planting Asparagus cochinchinensis in different artificial forests on soil physical properties and nutrient content

LU Zhen-xian, MA Dao-cheng, JIANG Feng-jing, YANG Mei, XU Yuan-yuan, SHEN Li-feng

2025, 64(1):  28-34.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.005

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In order to explore the effect of planting Asparagus cochinchinensis in different artificial forests, soil physical properties and nutrient contents between different layers of soil were studied by interplanting 1-year-old A. cochinchinensis seedlings in pure Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, C. lanceolata + Pinus massoniana mixed-forest, C. lanceolata + Eucalyptus mixed-forest and pure Schima superba forest. The results showed that most of the physical indexes were significantly different among different planting models（P<0.01）. The soil water holding capacity of S. superba-A. cochinchinensis was better than that of C. lanceolata-A. cochinchinensis among pure forest models, and the soil water holding capacity C. lanceolate+P. massoniana / Eucalyptus-A. cochinchinensis model was improved compared with that of C. lanceolata-A. cochinchinensis model. Only total nitrogen and total potassium contents of forest soil were significantly different in the 0~20 cm soil layer（P<0.01）, but all the indexes were significantly different in the 20~40 cm soil layer（P<0.01）. The soil nutrient content of S. superba-A. cochinchinensis model was higher than that of the C. lanceolata-A. cochinchinensis model, while the soil nutrient content of C. lanceolate+ P. massoniana/ Eucalyptus-A. cochinchinensis in the 0~20 cm soil layer was better than that of the C. lanceolate-A. cochinchinensis model, but the nutrient accumulation in the 20~40 cm soil layer varied according to the model. For the rhizosphere soil of A. cochinchinensis, only the total carbon content was extremely significantly different among models（P<0.01）. The nutrient content of the rhizosphere soil in S. superba-A. cochinchinensis was the best, and the nutrient content of the rhizosphere soil in mixed forest of C. lanceolata was higher than that of pure forest of C. lanceolata. In conclusion, soil properties were improved under the S. superba-A. cochinchinensis model, which could be extended in production. However, the supplementation of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be emphasized. The soil properties of C. lanceolate+P. massoniana/Eucalyptus-A. cochinchinensis model were better than those of C. lanceolata-A. cochinchinensis model.

Screening and growth-promoting properties of jujube rhizosphere microorganism in Northern Shaanxi

LIU Xin-rui, HUANG Jun-li, HE Xiao-long, LIU Yue-qin, GAO Xiao-peng

2025, 64(1):  35-38.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.006

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In order to provide reliable microbial resources for the research and development of jujube biological bacterial fertilizer industry in Northern Shaanxi Province, strains with growth-promoting properties were screened from rhizosphere microorganisms of jujube in Northern Shaanxi Province by selective medium, and their growth-promoting properties were preliminarily studied. The results showed that eight strains of potassium-solubilizing bacteria were obtained, and the potassium-solubilizing rate was 1.7%~2.8%.Among them, strain zyk-8 had the highest potassium-solubilizing ability. Eleven strains of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria were obtained, and the phosphorus-solubilization rate was 1.77%~2.66%. Among them, the phosphorus-solubilizing rate of strain zyp-5 was the highest. Ten strains of producing siderophore were obtained, and the relative content of siderophore was 9.20%~47.85%. Among them, zyf-6 had the strongest ability to produce siderophore. Ten indoleacetic acid（IAA）-producing strains were screened, and IAA content in the fermentation broth was 4.50~20.56 mg/L. Among them, strain zyi-3 had the strongest ability to produce IAA. The selected strains had good growth promotion potential and could be used as effective strains to enhance soil fertility.

Construction of mathematical models for phosphorus fertilizer application amount and phosphorus nutrient balance in cotton

CAO Zuan, HU Yan, LIU Xue-yun

2025, 64(1):  39-43.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.007

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In order to optimize the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer in cotton and ensure the balance of phosphorus, the Logistic model was selected to analyze the phosphorus accumulation in different growth stages of cotton, and then the exponential model and linear model were used to analyze the relationship between phosphorus application amount and soil available phosphorus content. Based on the fertilizer effect function method, a linear plus platform mathematical model was constructed to simulate the relationship between phosphorus fertilizer application amount and cotton yield. On this basis, the optimum fertilization amount was determined by the nutrient balance method. The results showed that as the application of phosphorus fertilizer gradually increased, the yield of cotton also increased accordingly. When the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer was 83.99 kg/hm², the yield of seed cotton reached the highest level, which was 6 410.784 kg/hm². By optimizing the fertilization strategy, the phosphorus input of cotton was determined to be 21.98 mg/kg, and the corresponding phosphorus fertilizer application amount （P₂O₅） was 82.64 kg/hm², which could not only ensure the cotton yield, but also ensure the balance between the acquisition and expenditure of phosphorus.

Adsorption effect of different aggregates on typical runoff pollutants

CHEN Wen-gao, ZHANG Jia-lei, XU Cong

2025, 64(1):  44-48.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.008

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A comparative test of runoff pollutant removal was carried out for 4 different substrates. These 4 different substrates were coarse river sand （particle size of 1.00~2.00 mm）, fine river sand （particle size of 0.15~0.60 mm）, coarse quartz sand （particle size of 1.00~2.00 mm） and fine quartz sand （particle size of 0.50~1.00 mm）. The conventional sandy loam （particle size of 0.02~0.20 mm） was used as the control. The results showed that when the initial concentration of total nitrogen was 20 mg/L, the four substrates had the highest removal rate of total nitrogen. When the initial concentration of total phosphorus was 40 mg/L, the removal rate of total phosphorus by the four substrates was the highest. With the increase of the initial concentration of pollutants, the removal rate of pollutants by the four substrates had a significant downward trend. In general, the removal rate of pollutants by coarse quartz sand and fine river sand was higher than that of the other two materials. In terms of adsorption capacity, except for fine river sand, the adsorption capacity of the other three substrates to pollutants increased firstly and then tended to be stable with the increase of initial concentration of pollutants, while fine river sand showed good adsorption potential at high concentration. According to the analysis, the main reason was that river sand removed pollutants through physical adhesion, which was mainly affected by surface area, while quartz sand intercepted pollution through chemical adsorption, and the main control factor was porosity. Therefore, river sand with large specific surface area and quartz sand with large porosity had more obvious intercepting effect.

The influence of different carbon based materials on the anaerobic digestion performance of kitchen waste

CHEN Jian-kun, GUO Zhan-bin, FENG Jing, MENG Hai-bo, YE Bing-nan, LI Pei-qi, XU Han, YU Jia-dong

2025, 64(1):  49-55.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.009

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Six carbon based materials were used for anaerobic digestion experiment of kitchen waste, and the methane production potential experiment was carried out using the AMPTS fully automatic methane potential testing system. The methane production potential of kitchen waste and the influence of carbon based materials on anaerobic digestion performance of kitchen waste were analyzed by combining kinetic equations. The results showed that, except for carbon cloth and carbon nanotubes （material ratio of 3∶5, m/m, the same below）, the addition of other carbon based materials could improve the removal rate of organic matter in the anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste and enhanced the degradation performance of organic matter. The cumulative methane production of the biochar addition group increased by 55.9% （material ratio of 4∶5） and 55.5% （material ratio of 3∶5） respectively compared to the control group;using the modified Gompertz model equation to fit the cumulative methane production, adding biochar to the kitchen waste anaerobic digestion could significantly enhance the material’s methane production capacity and shorten the anaerobic digestion lag period. Microbial community structure analysis showed that the bacterial community structure before and after anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste did not undergo significant changes at the phylum level. Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla in each experimental group, with Firmicutes having an absolute dominant position; the dominant archaea in each experimental group were all Methanococcus.

Plant Protection

Two new pests of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. in Guizhou Province

WU Yue-kai, WANG Li, DAI Xiao-yong, WANG Jun, LIU Yong

2025, 64(1):  56-58.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.010

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Two new pests of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. in Guizhou Province, Agrilus viduus Kerremans and Trichochrysea imperialis Baly, were described. Agrilus viduus Kerremans bored into the stem in its larval stage resulting in the weakening and death of the tree, while Trichochrysea imperialis Baly ate the fresh terminals and young leaves in its adult stage, which affected the spread and growth of tip leaves.

Isolation of endophytic bacteria from Morinda citrifolia and antioxidant activity of its metabolites

ZHANG San-yan, CHEN Xue-ru, JIN Wei-hua

2025, 64(1):  59-64.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.011

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Nine endophytic bacteria were isolated from fresh Morinda citrifolia, which were cultured in the liquid medium respectively. The supernatant obtained after centrifuging the culture broth was the extracellular metabolite, and the intracellular metabolite （intracellular content） was obtained by ultrasonic cell disruption of the centrifuged bacteria. The scavenging effects on DPPH free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals, superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and the total reducing power of the extracellular metabolites and intracellular contents were tested. The results showed that the antioxidant activities of the extracellular metabolites and intracellular contents of the nine endophytic bacteria strains from Morinda citrifolia were different. Among them, the scavenging rate of the extracellular metabolites of 3# endophyte on DPPH free radicals reached 95.49%, and that of the intracellular content of 4# endophyte on DPPH free radicals reached 92.47%, both exceeding that of 90 μmol/L ascorbic acid of the same volume. The scavenging effect of the extracellular metabolites of 2# endophyte on hydroxyl free radicals was far beyond that of ascorbic acid, reaching 98.13%. The scavenging rate of hydroxyl free radicals of the intracellular content of 3# endophyte was 78.00%, which was twice that of ascorbic acid. The scavenging rate of the extracellular metabolite of 3# endophyte on superoxide anions reached 100%. The total reducing power of the intracellular content of 4# endophyte was the highest.

Synthesis and antifungal activity of benzaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone compounds

SHA Yun-ying, LIU Zhu-yun, LIU Ming-yuan, ZHOU Lin, NIU Xiao-shu, YANG Shan-shan

2025, 64(1):  65-69.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.012

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Seventeen benzaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone compounds were designed and synthesized from substituted benzoyl hydrazides. The structures of the target compounds were determined by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. The in vitro inhibitory activities of all compounds against 9 common plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. Niveum, Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternate, Curvularia lunata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium bulbigenum, Valsa mali, Pyricularia oryza, and Physalospora piricola were determined using kresoxim-methyl as the positive control. The results showed that 17 compounds had different degrees of inhibitory activities, and compound A11 had the highest activity. The inhibition rate of 8 tested fungi was higher than that of kresoxim-methyl except Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. Niveum, and its EC₅₀ was also lower than that of kresoxim-methyl. Preliminary analysis of the activity data showed that the antifungal activity of the corresponding compounds was significantly improved by introducing -F and -Me active groups.

The effects of different annual crop rotation patterns on tobacco root-knot nematodes

LI Jun-ying, ZHOU Min, DENG Xiao-peng, ZOU Bing-li, ZHANG Hong, ZHANG Liu-chen, YANG Jing-hua, ZHOU Shao-song

2025, 64(1):  70-74.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.013

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In order to explore the effects of different annual crop rotation patterns on tobacco root-knot nematodes, a field positioning experiment was carried out in Zhanyi District, Qujing City, Yunnan Province. With flue-cured tobacco-winter fallow-flue-cured tobacco as the control, five rotation treatments of flue-cured tobacco-green manure-sorghum, flue-cured tobacco-green manure-marigold, flue-cured tobacco-oats-marigold, flue-cured tobacco-barley-marigold, flue-cured tobacco-quinoa-marigold were set up to study the effects of different rotation treatments on the number of tobacco root-knot nematodes, the incidence rate and disease index of flue-cured tobacco at different stages. The results showed that the number of root-knot nematodes in the soil after harvesting barley, oats, and quinoa was significantly lower than that before transplanting in the tobacco winter fallow （CK） treatment, indicating that planting barley, oats, and quinoa in winter could inhibit the growth of root-knot nematodes compared to winter fallow. After harvesting marigold, compared to the peak flowering period of marigold flowers, the number of soil root-knot nematodes decreased by 14.9%, 20.0%, and 41.3% in the treatments of tobacco-oat-marigold, tobacco-barley-marigold, and tobacco-quinoa-marigold, respectively. It indicated that annual rotation of tobacco with oats, barley, quinoa, and marigold could reduce the number of soil root-knot nematodes to some extent.

Medicinal Plants

The germination characteristics of the seeds of the unique and rare medicinal plant of Illicium difengpi in karst region

CHEN Shuo, DENG Li-li, JIANG Zhong-lin, XIONG Zhong-chen, JIANG Yun-sheng, WEI Xiao, SHI Yan-cai

2025, 64(1):  75-80.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.014

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Using Illicium difengpi B. N. Chang seeds as materials, the germination characteristics and the optimal germination environment of Illicium difengpi seeds were investigated, and the seed kernel weight and the seed shell weight were determined. The effects of different soaking time （0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 d）, different water content of substrate （30%, 50%, 70%） and different sowing depth （0, 1, 2, 3, 4 cm）, different light conditions （all black, natural light）, different soil substrates （sandy soil, fertilized soil, loess, mixed soil, perlite）, and different gibberellins breaking dormancy treatments （a total of 9 combinations） on the germination of Illicium difengpi seeds were studied. The results showed that the length-to-width ratio of Illicium difengpi seeds was close to 1.5∶1, and the average ratio of seed kernel weight to seed shell weight was 2.40. The germination rate was highest when seeds were soaked for 4 days and the water content of substrate was 70%. The germination rate was highest at a sowing depth of 1 cm. Soaking time, sowing depth, lighting, sowing substrate, and gibberellin treatment to break dormancy all significantly affected the germination rate of seeds. Under dark conditions, seeds soaked for 4 days and treated with gibberellin to break dormancy （soaked in 100 mg/L gibberellin for 12 hours, removed for 30 hours of stratification treatment, and then soaked in 100 mg/L gibberellin for another 12 hours） were sown in perlite substrate at a depth of 1 cm, maintaining a substrate water content of 70%, which could effectively improve their germination rate.

Germplasm resource evaluation of Artemisia stolonifera based on photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics

WANG Ye, WANG Chu, CHANG Na-na, XU Yang, HUANG Lu-qi, LI Hui

2025, 64(1):  81-87.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.015

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In order to select high and stable germplasm resources of Artemisia stolonifera, photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of leaves of different phenotypes of Artemisia stolonifera were evaluated. Artemisia stolonifera planted in Sunjia Village, Zhangshu City, Jiangxi Province was used as experimental material, and six phenotypes of Artemisia stolonifera were used as test objects. The chlorophyll photosynthetic fluorescence parameters were determined by portable photosynthesometer, and the photosynthetic capacity and potential adaptability of different phenotypes were evaluated by variance analysis, principal component analysis and membership function analysis. The results showed that the phenotypic leaf morphology of the 6 species was significantly different, and the photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the leaves of different phenotypes were significantly different. The net photosynthetic rates of dark green large leaf type [（16.260±3.585） μmol/（m²s）] and light green narrow leaf type [（17.366±3.982） μmol/（m²s）] were significantly higher than those of the other 4 phenotypes. Principal component analysis showed that net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, water vapor pressure deficit value, initial fluorescence value and maximum fluorescence value under dark adaptation were important contributing variables. The results of membership function value calculation showed that light green narrow leaf type（0.58）, dark green large leaf type（0.53） and dark green narrow leaf type （0.50） had higher comprehensive ranking scores and were suitable as candidate excellent germplasm.

Horticulture & Local Products

Spatial variation characteristics and influencing factors of tobacco leaf sensory quality in Qujing tobacco-growing regions

CHEN Han, LI Zhuo-rong, YANG Li-ping, LI Kai, LIU Dong-mei, MA Li, DENG Guo-bin, LI Zu-hong

2025, 64(1):  88-94.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.016

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Based on tobacco leaves in nine major tobacco-planting regions in Qujing City, the spatial distribution characteristics of sensory quality of tobacco leaves in Qujing City were explored. In October 2022, 227 primary roasted middle tobacco leaves were collected from nine tobacco-planting regions in Qujing to determine sensory quality, appearance quality, physical characteristics and chemical composition of tobacco leaves. ArcGIS was used to analyze the spatial distribution of sensory quality of Qujing tobacco leaves, and the effects of appearance quality, physical characteristics and chemical composition on sensory quality were explored by random forest and other methods. The results showed that the overall sensory quality of tobacco leaves in Qujing tobacco-growing regions was good, but there were spatial differences. The variation was parabolic from north to south, the east-west trend was an inverted “U” shape, both sides were low and the middle was high. Correlation analysis showed that color, chroma, total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium oxide had significant positive correlations with sensory quality. Leaf weight, filling value and total nitrogen were negatively correlated with sensory quality. The random forest model was used to analyze the contribution degree of each index to sensory quality of tobacco leaves. The degree of influence on sensory quality from strong to weak was total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, potassium, and chroma. In summary, there were spatial differences in sensory quality of tobacco leaves in nine tobacco-planting counties in Qujing City, which could provide reference for the selection of characteristic raw materials for industrial enterprises. The reason for the difference may be related to the changes in the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen and potassium in tobacco leaves. Therefore, it was suggested that the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen and potassium in tobacco leaves should be controlled by directional technology to optimize or stabilize the sensory quality of tobacco leaves in Qujing City.

The effects of the combined application of yeast metabolites and inorganic fertilizer on the flowering period and bulb rejuvenation of tulips

LIANG Si-wei, ZHOU Can, XIANG Lin, LU Hao-wen, LIU Shi-dong, ZHANG Yan

2025, 64(1):  95-99.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.017

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The effects of yeast organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer （nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, NPK） combined application on the flowering period and bulb quality of tulips were investigated, to provide a scientific basis for extending the flowering period and promoting bulb rejuvenation in tulips. There were three treatment groups in the text： a control group（no fertilizer was applied）, a conventional inorganic fertilizer （NPK）, and the combined application of yeast organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer （Yeast fertilizer + NPK）. Commercial tulip varieties, namely La Reine and Golden Apollo, were selected as materials for the fertilization treatments. The results revealed that yeast fertilizer + NPK treatment significantly prolonged the flowering period of tulips. Specifically, for La Reine, the flowering period was extended by 5 days compared to the control group and 2 days compared to the NPK treatment group after the Yeast fertilizer + NPK treatment. Similarly, for Golden Apollo, the flowering period was extended by 6 days compared to the control group and 2 days compared to the NPK treatment group. Further analysis showed that the yeast fertilizer + NPK group had a higher proportion of larger diameter bulbs, significantly increased fresh weight of individual bulbs, and possessed higher levels of starch, soluble sugar, and soluble protein inside the bulbs compared to the control and NPK treatments. In conclusion, the combined application of yeast organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer not only prolonged the flowering period of tulips but also enhanced bulb enlargement and nutrient accumulation.

Effects of biochar application on soil physical and chemical properties and fruit quality of kiwifruit orchards

WU Bo-ping, HUO Liu-qing, MA Hai-jie, GAO Yong-bin, XU Kai

2025, 64(1):  100-103.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.018

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In order to study the effects of biochar on soil physical and chemical properties and fruit quality formation in kiwifruit orchards, a field experiment was carried out in the rain-sheltered kiwifruit orchard with 12-year-old kiwi （Actinidia chinensis） as test materials. Four biochar application rates of 0 kg/plant （CK）, 4 kg/plant （B4）, 8 kg/plant （B8） and 16 kg/plant （B16） were set up. The results showed that biochar application significantly increased soil pH, organic matter content and available phosphorus content（P<0.05）, and increased soil fertility. The yield per plant and single fruit weight of kiwifruit increased significantly with the increase of biochar application（P<0.05）. The soluble solid content, soluble sugar content, vitamin C content and solid-acid ratio of kiwifruit fruit increased significantly after biochar application（P<0.05）, and the content of titratable acid content was inhibited（P<0.05）. The effect of different biochar application amount on fruit quality was different, and the fruit intrinsic quality of group B8 was the best. Therefore, the application of biochar could improve soil physical and chemical properties to enhance the yield and fruit quality of kiwifruit.

Effect of different fruit thinning treatments on yield and quality of Shine Muscat grape

ZHENG Bi-xia, LI Chang-lin, JI Xiao-mei, GONG Lin-zhong, FANG Lin-chuan

2025, 64(1):  104-108.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.019

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With Shine Muscat grape as the research object, four treatments of fruit thinning were conducted, including 100, 80, 60 berries and no fruit thinning for each grape bunch. And the influences on the berry weight, longitudinal and transverse diameter, soluble solid, soluble sugar, titrable acid, and soluble protein content of Shine Muscat grape fruit were studied. The results showed that when the thinning amount of the berry was 100 and no fruit thinning,the grape bunch was crowded and each berry was small, while the content of the soluble solid was low. When the thinning amount of the berry was 80, the berry size was medium, the soluble solid and soluble protein content was high. When the amount of the berry was 60, the berry was uniform, without any size differences, the single berry weight was the heaviest, and the soluble solid content and economic benefit were higher. Considering the comprehensive benefits, the best thinning amount of Shine Muscat grape was 60 berries for each grape bunch in Hubei Province.

Storage & Processing

Optimization of ultrasonic assisted extraction of total flavonoids and gallic acid from Pithecellobium clypearia （Jack） Benth. by response surface methodology

XIAO Ni-jie, DENG Li-li, CHEN Shuo, SHI Yan-cai

2025, 64(1):  109-118.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.020

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Taking the stems and leaves of Pithecellobium clypearia（Jack） Benth. as experiment materials, the total flavonoids and gallic acid were extracted by ultrasonic assisted extraction method. On the basis of single factor experiment, the extraction process was optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that the order of influence of different factors on extraction of total flavonoids from Pithecellobium clypearia（Jack） Benth. was ratio of material and liquid > ultrasonic power > ultrasound time > ethanol concentration. The optimal extraction condition was ratio of material and liquid 1∶90, ethanol concentration 75%, ultrasonic power 170 W and ultrasound time 40 min. Under this condition, the yield of total flavonoids was 2.29% （theoretical value 2.37%）. The order of influencing factors on gallic acid extraction was ethanol concentration > ratio of material and liquid > ultrasound time. The optimal extraction condition was ratio of material and liquid 1∶70, ethanol concentration 65% and ultrasonic time 60 min. Under this condition, the extraction rate of gallic acid was 5.98% （theoretical value 6.04%）. The model established in this study had a good fitting effect, and the experimental values were highly correlated with the fitting values, which had strong guidance for the extraction of total flavonoids and gallic acid from Pithecellobium clypearia （Jack） Benth., and could provide a scientific basis for the subsequent research.

Study on extraction and purification of polysaccharides from Syzygium jambos fruit and its antioxidant activity

WEI Ai-hong, HE Ru-qian, ZHUANG Yuan-bei, LI Rong-di, NIE Hua, ZHANG Sheng-yuan

2025, 64(1):  119-125.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.021

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Using Syzygium jambos fruit as the raw material, the solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic temperature were selected as experimental factors. On the basis of single factor experiments, the response surface methodology was used to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of crude polysaccharides from Syzygium jambos. The crude polysaccharide was purified by using the activated carbon method, Sevage method and the DEAE-52 column chromatography. ABTS free radical scavenging ability, DPPH free radical scavenging ability and iron reducing ability were used to determine the antioxidant activity. The results showed that the optimal extraction condition of the polysaccharide from Syzygium jambos fruit was ultrasonic time 58 min, ultrasonic temperature 77 ℃, and solid-liquid ratio 1∶50. Under this condition, the crude polysaccharide yield was （5.46±0.02）%. The pure polysaccharide SJP-Ⅰ and SJP-Ⅱ were purified from the crude polysaccharide, and both SJP-Ⅰ and SJP-Ⅱ had antioxidant capacity. SJP-Ⅱ had better antioxidant activity than SJP-Ⅰ, and its ABTS free radical scavenging rate was （0.30±0.01） mg/mL, DPPH free radical scavenging rate was （0.68±0.03） mg/mL, iron reducing ability was （166.41±0.15） μmol VitC/g. The extraction and purification technology was simple and stable, and the pure polysaccharide from Syzygium jambos fruit had certain antioxidant capacity, which provided a theoretical basis for the rational development and comprehensive utilization of Syzygium jambos fruit.

Detection Analysis

CeO₂@TiO₂ enrichment XRF method for rapid detection of multiple elements in drinking water

GUO Ya-qing, ZHOU Tao-hong, HU Jia-yong, HUANG Hui, JI Wei-hao, PENG Qing-zhi

2025, 64(1):  126-132.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.022

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CeO₂ was synthesized using sodium hydroxide particles and cerium nitrate hexahydrate crystals, followed by reaction with tetrabutyl titanate and calcination for the preparation of CeO₂@TiO₂ compound material. Enrichment, elution and XRF rapid detection of Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Sr elements in drinking water were performed. The results indicated that CeO₂@TiO₂ compound material could simultaneously enrich Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn and Sr elements in drinking water, with an optimal adsorption pH of 6~8 and an optimal adsorption time of 5 minutes;using 2% nitric acid or 1% sodium hydroxide as eluent, the elution rates of each element reached their maximum values after 10 minutes of elution;under optimal adsorption conditions,when the addition amount of each element was 20 μg, the adsorption rate of the CeO₂@TiO₂ composite material for each element was relatively high, all exceeding 90%. CeO₂@TiO₂ compound material had certain renewable properties and could be recycled at least 6 times;when the enrichment factor was 10 times, the detection limits of Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn and Sr elements were 6.0, 5.6, 2.7, 30.9, 15.4, 14.7, 15.2, and 4.8 μg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations （RSD） of Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Sr elements were 2.02%~5.46%. This method could be used for rapid on-site detection of Pb, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn and Sr elements in drinking water.

GC-MS analysis of differences in volatile oil components of three traditional Chinese medicines in Alpinia

CHEN Zhi-lan, NIU Xin-mai, XIE Xu-ge, HUANG Shao-min, GAN Jiao-jiao, CHEN Mei-an, QIN Hua-zhen

2025, 64(1):  133-149.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.023

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Using ultrasound assisted solvent method and reflux method, the chemical components of volatile oils from three traditional Chinese medicines of Alpinia （Gaoliangjiang, Dagaoliangjiang, and Hongdoukou） were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The relative content of each component was calculated by peak area normalization, and principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis were performed using Simca 14.1 and SPSS 26.0 software, respectively. The results showed that 134, 130, and 171 components were identified in Gaoliangjiang, Dagaoliangjiang, and Hongdoukou, respectively;there were a total of 24 components in the volatile oils of three traditional Chinese medicines in Alpinia. The three traditional Chinese medicines of Alpinia were mainly composed of terpenes, fatty hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing compounds, phenylpropanoids, etc. （S） 4- （1-Acetylally） phenyl acetate （N31）, 1H-Imidazole, 4,5-dihydro-2- （phenylmethyl） - （N56）, and 3-Heptanone, 5-hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl - （N100） were chemical markers of the volatile oils in three traditional Chinese medicines of Alpinia. The common components of Gaoliangjiang, Dagaoliangjiang, and Hongdoukou were 27, 3, and 24, respectively, accounting for 20.15%, 2.31%, and 14.04%, respectively. Through the analysis of the main components, common components, and unique components of the volatile oils from three traditional Chinese medicines of Alpinia, it was shown that the material basis of Chinese medicines with similar genetic relationships was correlated.

Agricultural Engineering

Design and testing of the peel off device for the elastic tooth chain rake residual film recycling machine

HE Yu-ze, WANG Min, CAO Si-lin, YING Yu-kun, LU Yong-tao, WANG Ji-liang

2025, 64(1):  150-153.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.024

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In response to the problems of incomplete film removal and low reliability in the elastic tooth chain rake residual film recycling machine, a fixed scraper type peel off device was designed, and its key components were designed and analyzed. To verify the operational performance of the peel off device, an L₉（3⁴） orthogonal experiment was conducted with the driving speed of the machine （A）, the length of the spring teeth （B）, and the angle between the spring teeth and the delamination plate （C） as experimental factors, and the delamination rate as the experimental indicator. The results showed that the delamination rate of the elastic tooth chain rake residual film recycling machine was 92.5% to 95.7%;the range analysis showed that the influence magnitude of each factor was A>C>B. The optimal experimental condition combination for the delamination rate was A₂B₁C₂, which meant that the machine’s driving speed was 8 km/h, the length of the spring teeth was 160 cm, and the angle between the spring teeth and the delamination plate was 50°. Validation tests were conducted on the optimal combination （A₂B₁C₂） for 5 times, with an average delamination rate of 95.16%, meeting the operational requirements of the the elastic tooth chain rake residual film recycling machine.

Design and implementation of smart agriculture management system based on B/S architecture

FU Shi-jun, LU Song-yan, LI Meng, HE Zhen, YUAN Jia-yang, BI Chun-lan, LIU Li

2025, 64(1):  154-161.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.025

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Agricultural big data from weather, microclimate and soil, and the agricultural knowledge database summarized by experts were utilized. The B/S architecture and the MVC pattern of front-end and back-end separation were adopted. Based on the front-end and back-end framework and layered architecture pattern of SpringBoot+MybatisPlus+VUE, front-end technologies such as HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, AJAX, ECharts, and cloud storage OSS were used. Results showed that the intelligent agriculture management system with “high cohesion and low coupling” has been successfully constructed. It could effectively improve agricultural labor productivity, promote the utilization efficiency of cultivated land resources, and help the revitalization of China’s rural economy at the present stage.

Performance analysis of insulation blanket application based on machine learning

ZHU Yin-bin, LUO Qian-liang, LEI Xi-hong, NIU Man-li, WANG Ping-zhi, CHENG Jie-yu, ZHAO Shu-mei

2025, 64(1):  162-167.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.026

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To satisfy the nighttime insulation needs of prefabricated greenhouses and to develop novel insulation materials, the use of machine learning for evaluating greenhouse environments was investigated and the insulation efficacy of two new types of blankets was compared, one with camel hair and the other with rubber-plastic board as the core material. The findings indicated that both the Gaussian process regression and neural network algorithm held promise for predicting greenhouse temperatures. Compared to the camel hair blanket, the rubber-plastic insulation blanket increased the average night-time inner film surface temperature by 0.8 ℃ and the average minimum night-time temperature by 0.6 ℃. For the rubber-plastic board material, it was necessary to implement measures to mitigate wind resistance in greenhouses to guarantee the insulation’s effectiveness.

Biological Engineering

Analysis of systemic development in the genus Alangium chinense and its related genera plants based on chloroplast genome

YANG Yu-xia, LI Jing-ting, LI Ying, SU Chen, YAN Rui, WEI Ze-chang

2025, 64(1):  168-173.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.027

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In order to clarify the structural characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of the chloroplast genome of Alangium chinense （Lour.） Harms, Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the chloroplast genome of Alangium chinense, followed by assembly, annotation, and structural analysis. Using mVISTA and Geneous software, homologous alignment and collinearity analysis were performed on the chloroplast genome of Alangium chinense, Alangium kurzii Craib, Alangium alpinum, Alangium chinense MG524996, and Alangium chinense NC044840. A plant phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 11 software. The results showed that the complete chloroplast genome of Alangium chinense was 156 672 bp in length, with a double-stranded circular structure and a GC proportion of 37.69%;the chloroplast genome consists of 130 coding genes, including 81 protein coding genes （PCGs）, 38 tRNA transport genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 3 pseudogenes, accounting for 62.31%, 29.23%, 6.15%, and 2.31% of the chloroplast genome sequence, respectively. Through homology comparison and collinearity analysis, it was found that the chloroplast genome of five plants （Alangium chinense and four other plants in the Alangium chinense genus） exhibited high similarity and collinearity.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Alangium chinense was most closely related Alangium alpinum, suggesting their collinearity in evolution. It was speculated that Alangium chinense was a new subspecies.

Research progress on environmental DNA metabarcoding database of fishery biology

YANG Yan, LAN Yi, LIU Jia-min, WANG Qian

2025, 64(1):  174-180.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.028

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The use of metabarcoding technology could identify DNA species information in the environment, thereby achieving the classification monitoring of biological communities and rapid assessment of biodiversity. This method was widely used in the field of fisheries biology research. With the help of a large amount of DNA barcode data materials, databases could store and organize them according to certain standards, integrate multiple databases to form a shared platform, and achieve data sharing and exchange. The construction of a DNA metabarcoding database for fishery biological environment could provide basic data and scientific basis for the research and development of fishery biology. This article reviewed the research progress of environmental DNA metabarcoding databases for fish, phytoplankton, and benthic animals, and prospected the application of this method in the field of fisheries biology research.

Study on polyphenol oxidase gene editing of tobacco varieties Zunyan 6 and K326

WANG Jun, SUN Xiao-qiong, PAN Deng-hua, YANG An-hua, XU De-ze, YIN De-suo

2025, 64(1):  181-185.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.029

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Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, the polyphenol oxidase （PPO） family gene member LOC107810501 of tobacco（Nicotiana tabacum L.） varieties Zunyan 6 and K326 was targeted and knocked out. The results showed that after knocking out the LOC107810501 gene, no expression of this gene was detected in the positive edited plants of tobacco. At the same time, the relative expression levels of LOC107821546, LOC107786520,LOC107773093, LOC107787563, and LOC107805360 genes were significantly reduced. The study obtained T₀ mutant plants of tobacco with low PPO activity, and T₁ generation sequencing confirmed that the mutant trait could be stably inherited.

Economy & Management

Research on regional differences and obstacle factors of agricultural green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

WANG Dan

2025, 64(1):  186-192.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.030

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The provincial panel data from 2012 to 2021 was used to construct an evaluation index system for agricultural green development from four dimensions： resource conservation, environmental friendliness, output efficiency, and living security. The entropy method was used to measure the level of agricultural green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the regional differences were further analyzed, and the obstacle factor model was used to diagnose and explore its limiting factors. The results showed that from 2012 to 2021, the overall level of agricultural green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed an upward trend; the lower reaches of the Yangtze River had better development in terms of resource conservation, output efficiency, and living security, while the upper reaches had better development in terms of environmental friendliness; the difference in the level of agricultural green development among provinces （cities） in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was gradually decreasing. The obstacle factors for the green development of agriculture in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2012 to 2021 had been constantly changing, and the obstacle levels in each dimension from high to low were as follows： living security>output efficiency>resource conservation>environmental friendliness. According to the results of the indicator layer, there were seven main obstacles that restricted the improvement of agricultural green development level in each province （city） in the basin,they were the proportion of water-saving irrigation area, agricultural machinery efficiency level, fertilizer use intensity, labor productivity, land output rate, per capita disposable income of rural residents, and rural medical security. Based on this, policy recommendations of improving top-level design, enhancing the efficiency level of agricultural machinery, and enhancing resource utilization efficiency were proposed, in order to provide suggestions for the green development of agriculture in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

Connotation, extension and characteristics of national agricultural science and technology modernization pioneer county

WENG Li-sheng, WANG Yu-tao, ZHU Li-qun

2025, 64(1):  193-198.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.031

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Combined with the content of relevant policies, the connotation, extension and characteristics of national agricultural science and technology modernization pioneer county were explored. The research believed that pioneer county was an important initiative to promote the modernization of agricultural science and technology, rural revitalization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas. It could set an example for the modernization of agricultural science and technology in the whole country through the concerted efforts of co-construction units and the implementation of a series of key tasks,with six characteristics, including the specialization of leading industries, the modernization of industrial chain, the standardization of agricultural production, the mechanization of material and equipment, the greening of agriculture and rural areas, and the specialization of human resources. On this basis, the scientific issues that could be further explored in the future were put forward, in order to provide strong scientific and technological support for accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and provide reference for the formulation of county policy and the implementation of decision making.

Construction and analysis of comprehensive evaluation index system of agricultural mechanization in Xinjiang

ZHANG Ruo-wei, CHEN Yu-lan

2025, 64(1):  199-206.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.032

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By describing the development status of agricultural mechanization in Xinjiang and combing related literature, based on relevant statistics data and policy documents in Xinjiang, the agricultural mechanization comprehensive evaluation index system in Xinjiang was built, and the evaluation model was used to evaluate and analyze the level of agricultural mechanization in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2020. The results showed that the level of agricultural mechanization in Xinjiang had entered the stage of transformation and upgrading and the improvement of the whole mechanization level. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions of optimizing the spatial layout of agricultural machinery, strengthening the deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and accelerating the transformation and upgrading of agricultural machinery and equipment were put forward.

The relationship between the economic income of farmers and the “non-food” transformation of cultivated land in the eastern regions of China

XU Wen-jie, LIU Zhao-pu

2025, 64(1):  207-211.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.033

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Using data from the 2005—2015 National Rural Fixed Observation Point Survey, a vector autoregressive model was developed for eastern China to explore the dynamic relationship between the share of farm household income from cash crop cultivation in total cultivation income and the use of arable land for non-food crop cultivation by farm households. The results showed that farmers’ income in the eastern region was less dependent on the “non-food” use of arable land; solving the problem of “non-food” use of arable land would not unduly affect farmers’ economic income; the cultivation of cash crops by farmers in the eastern region could contribute to the growth of their income to a certain extent. Therefore, it was necessary to combine national food security with the vision of increasing farmers’ incomes, and to formulate policy guidelines that were tailored to the situation in the eastern region, so as to empower agricultural and rural development.

Regional differences and dynamic evolution of the level of urban-rural integration development in China

ZHANG Jin-rui, WANG Chun-hui, LIU Zhong-yu

2025, 64(1):  212-219.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.034

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Based on the three dimensions of economic integration, life integration and social integration, the evaluation system of urban-rural integration development level in China was constructed, and the regional differences and dynamic evolution characteristics of urban-rural integration development level in China were studied by entropy weight method, Dagum Gini coefficient and Kernel density estimation method. The results showed that , on the whole, the level of urban-rural integration development in China was gradually improved, and the process of economic integration in southern and northern regions was faster than the process of social and life integration, and there were characteristics of growth and decline among different echelons. No matter between the provinces of China, or within and between the southern and northern regions, the difference between urban-rural integration development came more from the difference of supernet value and density between regions, among which the overlapping problem between different regions was the main reason for the unbalanced integration level. There was polarization in the urban-rural integrated development level in all regions of China, and the north was stronger than that in the south, showing the characteristics of “high-high” and “low-low” agglomeration.

The coupling development of green finance and low-carbon agriculture in Guangdong Province

KE Jun, WANG Zhi-qiang

2025, 64(1):  220-226.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.035

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By constructing the comprehensive evaluation index system of green finance and low-carbon agriculture, the comprehensive level of green finance and low-carbon agriculture in Guangdong Province was respectively calculated, and the law of coupling coordinated development between them was deduced. The results showed that from 2010 to 2020, the two systems of green finance and low-carbon agriculture in Guangdong Province had been in a good coupling state, and their coupling coordination degree had experienced two stages of coordination transition and coupling coordination. It was suggested to strengthen top-down design and planning, build a standard system of green finance to support low-carbon agriculture, strengthen green finance innovation, enrich low-carbon agricultural financial products, highlight the focus of green financial services, improve capital allocation efficiency, improve farmers’ low-carbon awareness and financial awareness, and promote the benign coordinated development of green finance and low-carbon agriculture.

Research on conduction mechanism of energy price to grain production factor cost and grain price

YUAN Shi-yi

2025, 64(1):  227-233.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.036

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With the drastic fluctuation of international energy prices, the risk of grain production in China is also increasing. Analyzing the conduction mechanism of domestic and foreign energy prices to the main factors of grain production in China is conducive to discriminating grain price fluctuations and identifying risks as soon as possible. The energy and food prices from January 2014 to March 2022 were empirically analyzed through VAR model. The results showed that the input of energy factors led to the increase of grain production factors, and the higher the importance of the input factors, the higher the conductivity. The coal price affected the wheat price by affecting the gasoline price and the diesel price, and the impact on the wheat price was positive, the impact on the soybean price was negative; crude oil price affected soybean price by influencing gasoline price, and the impact on soybean was positive, and the impact on wheat price was negative. The pulse of crude oil on wheat, rice and soybean was not obvious, but the pulse of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat, rice and soybean was obvious. When the importance of an input factor in grain production was higher, its conductivity to grain production price was higher; when the importance of an input factor in grain production was low, its conductivity to grain production price was low; with the increasing substitutability of input factors, their conductivity would be weakened gradually.

Evaluation of the coordinated development degree of water resources-energy-food in Taihu Lake Basin

GU Wang-jing, WU Zhao-dan

2025, 64(1):  234-240.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.037

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In order to study the coordinated development of the water resources-energy-food nexus （WEFN） in the river basin and promote its sustainable utilization, the evaluation index system of regional water resources-energy-food nexus coordinated development from three aspects of water resources, energy and food based on the relationship between them was constructed. Based on the improved distance coordinated degree model combined with TOPSIS and gray relational theory, a comprehensive coordinated development model based on the link between water resources, energy and food was proposed. Taking Taihu Lake Basin as an example to calculate the development degree and coordinated degree of the subsystems from 2007 to 2019, its coordinated development status and the coordinated development degree of WEFN were evaluated. The results showed that the coordinated development degree of WEFN in Taihu Lake Basin was in the medium development stage, and there was a trend from medium to good development stage, showing a fluctuating rise. There was a gap in the development degree, coordinated degree and coordinated development degree of water resources, energy and food subsystems in the Taihu Lake Basin, but it was basically in the medium and good stage. Among them, the degree of coordinated development of water resources subsystem was relatively high, and the coordinated degree of energy to water resources and food was the main factor affecting the coordinated development degree of the river basin. The low coordinated degree between subsystems was the reason for the weak coordinated development degree of WEFN. The breakthrough should be to improve the utilization efficiency of energy in water resources and food-related industries and optimize the structure of energy consumption to promote the coordinated development of water resources, energy and food systems.

Exploring the synergistic model of cooperation between government and social organizations in watershed environmental governance： Based on SWOT analysis

WU Yi-ting

2025, 64(1):  241-246.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.038

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Starting from the perspective of government transformation and innovation of government-society relationship, the SWOT analysis method was used to analyze the internal advantages, internal disadvantages, external opportunities and external threats of the three typical cooperation modes, namely, market-based cooperation, socialized cooperation, and public participation cooperation, in watershed environmental governance, and based on the SWOT analysis matrix, it explicitly proposed operational strategies such as promoting the formation of a seller’s market for watershed environmental governance services, building a “dual river chief system” action network, and empowering social organizations to act as aggregators and promoters of public welfare cooperation. These strategies aimed to construct an efficiency-enhancing model for government-society cooperation in watershed environmental governance, thereby achieving sustainable development through collaborative governance.

Rural Revitalization

Effect analysis of rural public goods supply in promoting urban-rural integration

ZHOU Run-xiang, HE Shou-kui

2025, 64(1):  247-252.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.039

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The impact of rural public goods supply on urban-rural integration development was studied in order to optimize public goods supply policy and path. Using the global principal component analysis method, the urban-rural integration development level index from 2004 to 2020 was measured, and the effect of rural public goods supply such as education and medical care on the urban-rural integration development level was studied through the fixed effect model. The results indicated that the regional differences in the level of urban-rural integration development were obvious. The level of urban-rural integration development in the eastern region was higher than the national level, and the central and western regions were lower than the national average; the supply of rural public goods was positively correlated with the level of urban-rural integration, but the improvement rate of urban-rural integration in the central region was higher than that in the eastern region; the level of population urbanization and fiscal decentralization would promote the development of urban-rural integration, and the level of foreign investment would inhibit the development of urban-rural integration. It put forward suggestions on further strengthening the central and western rural public goods supply, improving the new urbanization related facilities and policies, and continuously increasing the financial investment in rural public goods supply.

Research on the protection and development of traditional villages in Dahuang Village, Meizhou City based on the perspective of industrial revitalization

ZHAO Yi-hang

2025, 64(1):  253-257.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.01.040

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How to make rational use of traditional village resources to develop characteristic industries and activate the use of rural areas is the main problem that traditional villages are facing. Taking Dahuang Village in Meixian District, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province as a case study, the village’s resource advantages and the challenges faced during its development were analyzed. Combining these insights with the pathways for village revitalization, corresponding development strategies from the perspective of industrial revitalization were outlined. In tourism, the strategy involved enhancing the overall village appearance, reasonably planning spatial land use, improving tourism infrastructure, and developing comprehensive rural tourism; in the pomelo industry, the strategy focused on leveraging location advantages, strengthening village-enterprise cooperation, expanding the industrial chain, and positioning the village as a pomelo distribution center; in the optoelectronic industry, the strategy advocated using building rooftops for photovoltaic development, integrating agriculture with new energy industries. The industrial system of Dahuang Village was summarized, which centered on tourism as a unique development focus, pomelo as the core industry, and photovoltaic power generation as a helpful auxiliary sector. This successful model of the village, where industries and village development mutually supported and enhanced each other, demonstrated a comprehensive approach to industrial revitalization and the activation of traditional villages. It is hoped that this model will serve as a valuable reference for the protection and development of other traditional villages in Meixian District.