Table of Content

25 December 2024, Volume 63 Issue 12

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Breeding & Cultivation

Breeding of a new mid-season indica hybrid rice combination Zhiliangyou Huangzhansimiao with high heat tolerance

CAI Hai-ya, DONG Hua-lin, XU Yao-ting, YOU Ai-qing, JIN Wei-bing, HE Yong-gang, XU Yan-hao, SUN Xiao-qiong, ZHONG Yu-ping, FANG Jian-jun, JIAO Chun-hai, WU Bo

2024, 63(12):  1-4.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.001

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Zhiliangyou Huangzhansimiao, a new mid-season indica hybrid rice cultivar with high yield and heat tolerance, was cultivated by Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Anhui Wuxing Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. This cultivar was combined by the sterile line EK1S and the restorer line Huangzhansimiao. It showed high and stable yield, moderate plant type, lodging resistance and high heat tolerance in the field. In 2022, the combination was approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee.

Effect of spraying lime water on the quality of sweetpotato after storage

CHAI Sha-sha, WANG Zhi, ZHANG Deng-bo, LEI Jian, WANG Lian-jun, JIN Xiao-jie, YANG Xin-sun, ZHANG Yue-hua, ZHANG Yan, YIN Ting-ting

2024, 63(12):  5-7.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.002

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Two different types of sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas L.）, starch type and edible type, were selected as test materials. Two treatments were set up, including the treatment of spraying lime water, and entering the cellar after drying （SL）, and directly entering the cellar （CK）. The effect of lime water on the storage of sweetpotato was investigated. The results showed that, for edible sweet potato, compared with the control, the weight loss rate, amylose content and amylopectin content of the treatment of spraying lime water before pit entry decreased, the soluble sugar content increased first and then decreased, and the dry rate and soluble protein content increased. For starch-type sweet potato, compared with the control, the weight loss and reducing sugar content of the treatment of spraying lime water before pit entry increased first and then decreased, the dry rate and soluble protein content decreased first and then increased, the amylose content and amylopectin content decreased, and the soluble sugar content increased.

Resource & Environment

Spatial-temporal evolution analysis of land use conflict in Chengdu metropolitan area based on landscape ecological index

LI Ming-xia, LIU Ping-hui

2024, 63(12):  8-16.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.003

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Taking the Chengdu metropolitan area as the research area, based on the landscape ecological index, the land use conflict measurement model was constructed from three aspects of spatial complexity, spatial vulnerability and spatial stability. Four grades were identified as stable and controllable, basically controllable, basically out of control and seriously out of control, and their evolution characteristics were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that from 2000 to 2023, the area of land use types in Chengdu metropolitan area was characterized by “four types of land use rising and two types of land use decreasing”. The area of cultivated land and water area was reduced as a whole, and the area of construction land, forest land, grassland and unused land was increased to varying degrees. The land use conflict index increased first and then decreased, and the land use coordination was relatively stable. The spatial distribution of land use conflicts was uneven, which was characterized by low in the west and high in the middle and east. The high-value areas of the land use conflict index were distributed in the urban center, and the low-value areas were mainly distributed in the western mountainous areas. There were some differences in the conflict levels of different land use types. The conflict level of forest and grassland was low and the change range was small; the conflict level of construction land was high, but there was a tendency to ease. The level of land use conflict had a positive correlation and the aggregation effect was obvious. The overall distribution pattern of LISA agglomeration was high in the middle and low in the west.

Analysis and prediction of spatial-temporal change of land use in the Yilong Lake Basin

HE Jia-feng, ZHAO Xing-feng, WANG Chun-fu, LIU Shu-xia, ZHENG Hong-gang

2024, 63(12):  17-23.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.004

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The remote sensing images of land use in the Yilong Lake Basin from 1990 to 2000 were extracted to obtain the spatial-temporal evolution trend of land use. At the same time, the research methods of land use transfer matrix and land use dynamics were used to explore the transfer in and out of different land use types in Yilong Lake in the past 31 years. Then, the PLUS model was used to predict the spatial pattern of land use in the Yilong Lake in 2030 and 2050. The results showed that, from 1990 to 2020, the area of cultivated land and water in the Yilong Lake Basin had been reduced, the area of construction land had increased significantly, the area of forest land had a small decrease, and the area of grassland had not changed much. The results of the land use transfer matrix showed that a large amount of cultivated land had been converted into construction land, and a large number of the water areas had been converted into cultivated land, indicating that Shiping County had occupied a large amount of cultivated land in the past 31 years of urbanization expansion, and in order to achieve the requisition-compensation balance, the lake reclamation was implemented. The prediction results of the PLUS model showed that in 2050, the scale of construction land in the Yilong Lake Basin would increase, and the area of cultivated land would decrease.

Exploration of the reasons for the large difference in hydraulic parameters of red soil in Yunnan Province

WANG Ying, LI Chong-qing, LIU Qing-sheng, LU Qi-ling

2024, 63(12):  24-30.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.005

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In order to explore the reasons for the large difference in the hydraulic parameters of red soil between Yunnan Province and the surrounding areas, the basic hydraulic parameters of red soil were measured by sampling in undisturbed soil farmland and farmland after land leveling. At the same time, a two-hour field surface drip irrigation infiltration test was carried out. The soil profile was divided into four layers of 0~15 cm, 15~25 cm, 25~40 cm and 40~55 cm. Based on the Kosugi empirical model of HYDRUS-1D model, different inversion models were constructed to analyze the effects of these methods on soil hydraulic parameters. In order to ensure the convergence of the inversion model under field conditions, the contact radius of the emitter was assumed to be in the range of （1.0 ± 0.2） cm, which was calibrated by the trial and error method, and the conditions with the highest accuracy were selected for subsequent analysis. The results showed that the simulation accuracy of the inversion model was the highest when the irrigation flow rate of 0.84 L/h was calibrated by the trial and error method, the contact radius of the emitter was 0.9 cm and the constant flux of the upper boundary was 2.75 cm/min, and the R² was 0.926 18, the AIC value was -65.62, and BIC value was -62.04. The inversion method suitable for red soil in the field was that the fitting parameters were inverted by fixing the measured saturated water content, residual water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity of each layered soil. In view of the fact that the surface layer of red soil would form a water blocking layer during drip irrigation in the field, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the surface soil also needed to be inverted. In addition, this study found that the undisturbed red soil in Yunnan Province had high water retention and strong water permeability due to factors such as geography, ultraviolet radiation, and dry and wet season climate. However, sampling of farmland after soil leveling or inversion based on inaccurate soil parameters through numerical models might lead to the conclusion that red soil had poor water retention and permeability.

The neural network analysis of natural runoff variation patterns and their influencing mechanisms in Hubei Province based on watershed differences

SHAO Qian, WEI Hong

2024, 63(12):  31-39.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.006

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Based on natural runoff data of Hubei Province, combined with the data of meteorology, satellite remote sensing, water conservancy projects, land use, socio-economy, etc, neural network models such as Multi-Layer Perceptrons （MLP）, Long and Short Term Memory Networks （LSTM） and Convolutional Neural Networks （CNN） were constructed to predict and analyze natural runoff in the Yangtze River Basin, Han River Basin and Qing River Basin. The results indicated that the constructed neural network models had a good prediction effect and could effectively capture the patterns and characteristics of natural runoff changes. The results of sensitivity analysis and importance ranking revealed that there were significant differences in the impact weights of climate change and human activities on runoff variations, and the differences between regions were obvious. Climate change was identified as the primary influencing factor, among its components, precipitation had the highest influence, followed by temperature, while evaporation had the least. Human activities were identified as secondary influencing factors, among its components, water conservancy projects had the highest weight, followed by land use. There were some differences in the weights of climate change and human activities in different basins, among which the weight of Hanjiang River Basin was the highest and the weight of Qing River Basin was the lowest. Predictions for natural runoff trends from 2023 to 2042 indicated a declining trend, with corresponding changes in the weights of influencing factors.

Evaluation and spatial-temporal pattern of ecological carrying capacity in Baiyangdian Basin based on ecological footprint model

LIU Xiao, GAO Xing, YUAN Zi-hua, GAO Xiao-chen

2024, 63(12):  40-45.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.007

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Taking Baiyangdian Basin as the research area, based on the ecological footprint model, combined with statistical yearbook data and remote sensing image data, the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological surplus （deficit） of the basin in 2000, 2010 and 2020 were estimated, and their evolution characteristics were analyzed from time and space. The results showed that, from 2000 to 2020, the ecological footprint of Baiyangdian Basin as a whole and most districts and counties showed a downward trend, with a pattern of high in the south and low in the west. From 2000 to 2020, the ecological carrying capacity of the basin as a whole fluctuated little and had spatial differentiation. The per capita ecological carrying capacity in northwestern areas was relatively high, while the per capita ecological carrying capacity in central and southeastern areas was relatively low. From 2000 to 2020, the whole basin was in a state of ecological deficit, but the level of ecological deficit was gradually improving. The ecological surplus in northwest China and the ecological deficit in central and eastern China were closely related to the economic development level.

Plant Protection

The biological characteristics of Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella and the differences formed by generational overlap

ZHAO Fan, HUANG Yan-jiang, LI Yang, BAO Heng-yan, TIAN Bin, MOU Yi

2024, 63(12):  46-51.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.008

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Taking the individual development process of Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella as the starting point, a mathematical model of generational overlap was established based on quantitative data of different stages and durations of Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella. The main biological characteristics and generational overlap of Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella were analyzed. The results showed that the width of the larval head capsule of Lasioderma serricorne changed significantly on days 8, 12, 15, 18, and 23, while the width of the larval head capsule of Ephestia elutella changed significantly on days 5, 10, 14, and 23. At 8~25 days of cultivation, the instar of Lasioderma serricorne larvae was more concentrated;when cultured for 3~5 days, the instar of Ephestia elutella larvae was more concentrated, and when cultured for 10~33 days, Ephestia elutella larvae were distributed in all 3~4 instar stages.Under the same temperature and feed conditions, the emergence time of Lasioderma serricorne adults with different population densities was more concentrated, ranging from 5 to 7 days, while the emergence time of Ephestia elutella adults with different population densities was more dispersed. When the population density was between 360 and 400 indiriduals, the emergence time of Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella adults increased compared to other groups and the peak emergence time was delayed. The egg count and egg coverage period of the first four generations of Lasioderma serricorne had increased, but there was no overlap. Egg overlap occurred from the fifth generation onwards; Ephestia elutella eggs exhibited egg overlap starting from the second generation. In the comprehensive prevention and control of Lasioderma serricorne and Ephestia elutella, it was important to focus on blocking the interaction and infiltration between different populations of Ephestia elutella, in order to avoid increasing the difficulty of prevention and control due to mixed insect ages or staggered insect states.

Control effect of different herbicides stems and leaves treatment on weeds in wheat fields

ZHANG Hua-chong, DAI Bao-sheng, ZHAO Shu-qi, YAN Zhen-hua, HUANG Xiao-li, ZHANG Xin, HE Tao, LI Wei

2024, 63(12):  52-56.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.009

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In order to select suitable herbicides for stem and leaf treatment, the safety of wheat and weed control effects of 15 kinds of stem and leaf treatment herbicides were compared and analyzed by using stem and leaf spray treatment in field plot experiment. The results showed that 10% carfentrazone-ethyl wettable powder（WP） was harmful to wheat, but had no effect on new leaves of wheat. Field efficacy results showed that 3.6% mesosulfuron-methyl·iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium water dispersible granule（WG）, 50% isoproturon WP, 10% carfentrazone-ethyl WP, 25% chlorotoluron WP, 41% flufenacet suspension（SC）, 20% pyroxsulam·halauxifen-methyl WG,50% diflufenican WG, 25% thifensulfuron methyl WP and 42% MCPA-isooctyl·fluroxypyr emulsifiable concentrate（EC） had better control effects on gramineous weeds, and the persistence was longer. The plant control effect and fresh weight control effect were both above 80%. 50% diflufenican WG, 10% carfentrazone-ethyl WP, 53% 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid-dimethylamine salt aqueous solutions（AS）, 25% chlorotoluron WP, 15% clodinafop-propargyl emulsion in water（EW） and 42% MCPA-isooctyl·fluroxypyr EC had better control effect on broadleaved weeds, and the persistence was longer. The plant control effect and fresh weight control effect on weeds were more than 80%. 50% diflufenican WG, 10% carfentrazone-ethyl WP, 25% chlorotoluron WP and 42% MCPA-isooctyl·fluroxypyr EC had good control effects on gramineous and broadleaved weeds, and the plant control effects of 45 days after treatment and fresh weight control effects were more than 90%, which could be used as stem and leaf treatment herbicides for weed control in wheat fields.

Isolation and identification of the pathogen causing leaf spot on Cunninghamia lanceolata in northeast Yunnan

LIU Ping, LING Xiao-fei, YAN Qing-hua, ZHU Hui-qin, HU Xing-yong, TIAN Mao-xun

2024, 63(12):  57-61.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.010

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The pathogen of Cunninghamia lanceolata leaf spot was identified through morphology and ITS sequencing analysis. The results showed that the morphological characteristics and molecular identification of the leaf spot pathogen were similar to Phragmocamarosporium platani, and it was preliminarily identified as Phragmocamarosporium aff. platani. This study was the first report of the Phragmocamarosporium causing damage to Cunninghamia lanceolata.

Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil composition analysis and its antifungal activity on four kinds of plant pathogenic fungi

LI Cheng-zhao, LIU Yu-jie, WANG Wei-feng, MENG Xian-hua, CAO Yong-hong, SU Qun, WANG Jun, YANG Jun-li

2024, 63(12):  62-66.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.011

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Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method. The effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil on Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria solani were evaluated by the mycelial growth rate method. The composition of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The results showed that Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil exhibited antifungal activity Fusarium graminiearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria solani, with median effect concentration（EC₅₀） of 1.552, 2.243, 6.064, 7.078 mg/mL, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed that the principal constituents of Zanthoxylum zanthoxylum essential oil were terpenoids including linalyl acetate, linalool, D-limonene and eucalyptol.

Screening and control effect of highly effective antagonistic bacteria against cotton verticillium wilt

ZHANG De-zheng, NIE Tai-li, YANG Jun, KE Xing-sheng, YAN De-peng, NIE Zhang-qing, ZHONG Min

2024, 63(12):  67-72.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.012

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Using Verticillium dahliae Kleb as indicator bacteria, the biocontrol strains with high activity were screened by confronation culture and metabolite inhibition test. The preventive effect of the tested strain was determined by pot experiment. The results showed that 162 strains of bacteria with biocontrol effect were screened from more than 1 000 strains isolated from cotton rhizosphere soil, and 4 strains with good comprehensive effect were obtained by using the plate face-off method. Strains XJ5-6 and XJ6-96 showed better inhibitory effects, with the band width exceeding 5.0 mm and the inhibitory rate reaching 67.54% and 66.86%, respectively. The results of pot experiment showed that XJ5-6 and XJ6-96 combined inoculation had a good control effect on verticillium wilt of cotton, and the control effect was 32.2% and 29.9% on 28 and 40 days, respectively. XJ6-96 could improve the germination rate of cotton seed.

Antimicrobial activity assay of edible and medicinal fungi against chicken pathogenic bacteria

ZHOU Hong-ying, LI Li-xu, SUN Bo, LIU Qi-yan, ZHAO Hui-zhang, WANG Zhuo-ren

2024, 63(12):  73-76.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.013

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To test the antibacterial activity of edible and medicinal fungi, a total of 6 strains of chicken pathogenic bacteria belonging to 3 species including Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, were used as indicator bacteria. The results showed that 12 species 16 strains of edible and medicinal mushrooms with different antibacterial activity were obtained, including Phellinus sp., Sanghuangporus baumii, Inonotus hispidus, Pleurotus citrinopileat, Pleurotus salmoneo-stramineus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Pleurotus cornucopiae, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Hericium erinaceus, Pleurotus eryngii and Lentinus edodes. Among them, the Stropharia rugosoannulata strain No. 1 and Pleurotus eryngii strain No. 5 exhibited antibacterial activity against all tested pathogenic bacteria. Adding silkworm pupa powder promoted the growth of edible and medicinal mushroom mycelia in varying degrees and further enhanced the antibacterial activity of the strains.

Horticulture & Local Products

Effects of different mulching patterns on summer and autumn baby cabbage production in Yunnan Province

YANG Hong-li, HU Jing-feng, XU Xue-zhong, LAN Mei, ZHANG Li-qin, HE Jiang-ming, QUAN Wei

2024, 63(12):  77-80.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.014

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This study aimed to improve the yield and quality of baby cabbage in summer and autumn, and achieve cost saving and efficiency enhancement. The effects of three different covering methods on summer and autumn baby cabbage in Yunnan high mountain plateau were studied. Four treatments were set up： anti grassland cloth （A₁）, black plastic film （A₂）, colorless plastic film （A₃）, and open field （CK）, and the effects of three thin cover methods on the growth, yield, and planting efficiency of summer and autumn baby cabbage in Yunnan high mountain plateau were analyzed. The soil temperature at the roots of A₁, A₂, and A₃ increased by 1.0 ℃, 5.0 ℃, and 2.4 ℃ compared to CK, and the yield increased by 7.0%, 5.2%, and 3.3% compared to CK. The planting efficiency increased by 14.8%, 10.5%, and 3.5% compared to CK. Under high temperature and humid weather conditions in summer and autumn, compared with A₂ and A₃, A₁ had a smaller increase in temperature, which could ensure the root temperature of baby cabbage while breathing and dissipating heat, without causing high temperature obstacles in the root of baby cabbage. A₂ and A₃ had a large increase in temperature, resulting in high root temperature and hindered growth. Compared with A₂ and A₃, A₁ had significant differences in yield and planting efficiency. In conclusion, when planting baby cabbage in summer and autumn, it was advisable to choose anti grassland cloth coverage to ensure soil moisture preservation and nutrient utilization, prevent water and nitrogen loss, and achieve the effect of inhibiting weed growth and increasing yield and income.

Creation of radish cytoplasmic male sterility （Ogura CMS） Chinese cabbage breeding material with heat tolerance, clubroot resistance

ZHAO Ya-lan, HU Jing-feng, YANG Hong-li, DONG Xiang-shu, HE Jiang-ming

2024, 63(12):  81-86.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.015

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In order to obtain Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile Chinese cabbage materials with heat resistance and clubroot resistance, F₁ was obtained by crossing heat resistant Chinese cabbage as female parent and clubroot resistant baby cabbage as male parent. After identification, CMSF₁ was obtained by crossing with Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile baby cabbage with clubroot resistance. Then, F₂ obtained by self-crossing F₁ was selected as male parent, and CMSF₁ was selected as female parent for backcrossing to obtain BC₁. The results of phenotypic identification of clubroot resistance showed that F₁, CMSF₁ and BC₁ were resistant to clubroot. The results of molecular marker identification showed that F₁ plants carried clubroot resistance genes, and most of CMSF₁ and BC₁ plants carried clubroot resistance genes. The results of heat tolerance identification showed that the increase of SOD, POD and CAT activity of F₁, CMSF₁ and BC₁ under high temperature stress was greater than that of Mini Yellow 1. The floral organ observation of CMSF₁ and BC₁ showed that the stamen abortion was without pollen, which was Ogura cytoplasmic male sterile strain.

New records of ferns in fourteen regions of China

XIE Min, ZHENG Yi-peng, LU Wen-hao, FENG Xu

2024, 63(12):  87-93.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.016

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208 new species of ferns were recorded from 2019 to 2024 in fourteen regions of China, including Fujian, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Anhui, and Guangdong, in order to provide a new reference for the development and utilization of ferns.

The interaction between Coptis chinensis and major soil environmental factors in natural state

WANG Qian, FANG Zhi-wei, LI Shang-ren, WANG Wen-juan, WU Gao-ling, WANG Zhi-yong

2024, 63(12):  94-98.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.017

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Three soil samples around the roots of Coptis chinensis in the natural state were collected, and the surrounding blank areas were also collected as the control. The physical and chemical properties, cultivable microbial quantity, microbial groups, and community structure of these soil samples were analyzed. The results showed that, compared to the control soil, the pH, organic matter content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, and the number of cultivable fungi in the soil around Coptis chinensis roots were significantly increased. The total nitrogen content and total cultivable bacteria in the soil were significantly increased compared to the control soil on the whole. The nitrate nitrogen level significantly decreased compared to the control soil. The number of cultivable actinomycetes did not show significant changes on the whole. The number of soil prokaryotic microorganisms decreased, while the number of pathogenic fungi increased.

Effect of applying bacterial manure on the continuous cropping soil of Rehmannia glutinosa

YU Yan-ge, DAI Dan-dan, LA Gui-xiao, LI Xiang-yang, GUO Xiao-yang, WANG Yan-hong, YANG Tie-gang

2024, 63(12):  99-104.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.018

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Taking the continuous cropping soil of Rehmannia glutinosa as the research object, the effect of applying bacterial manure on microbial community composition and root residual compounds in the soil of Rehmannia glutinosa was analyzed. The soil microbial count method was used to detect the number of microorganisms. Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-QTOF/MS） was used to profile the root residual compounds in the soil of Rehmannia glutinosa. The results showed that soil microbial community structure had significant differences under different treatments. The total number of bacteria and actinomycetes in Rehmannia glutinosa soil after 60 d of applying 0.05% bacterial manure was the highest, while the number of fungi was less. Nine unique residue compounds were screened out in the soil of Rehmannia glutinosa. The content of Compound 2 was the lowest when the concentration of bacterial manure was 0.05%. At the same time, the contents of Compound 5 and Compound 6 were the lowest when the concentration of bacterial manure was 0.10% and applied for 60 days. It was found that the application of bacterial manure could effectively change the soil microbial populations and reduce some residual compounds of continuous cropping soil. It was also beneficial to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of Rehmannia glutinosa.

Effects of understory habitats on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua

JIANG Xia, HE Jia-li, YUAN Cong-jun, LUO Yong-fei, DING Fang-jun

2024, 63(12):  105-109.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.019

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The photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in forest gap（FG）, forest edge （FE） and forest canopy （FC） were studied to reveal its adaptation mechanism. The 3-year-old Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua with basically the same growth was selected. The photosynthetic parameters including the net photosynthetic rate （P_n）, transpiration rate （T_r） and stomatal conductance（G_s）, apparent quantum efficiency（AQY）, dark respiration rate（R_d）, maximum photosynthetic rate （P_nmax）, light compensation point （LCP） and light saturation point （LSP）, as well as chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters including the initial fluorescence（F_o）, the maximum fluorescence（F_m）, the variable fluorescence（F_v）, the photochemical quenching coefficient（qP）, photochemical quantum efficiency（φPSⅡ）, non-photochemical quenching coefficient（NPQ）, electron transfer rate（ETR）, the maximal photochemical efficiency（F_v/F_m）, the potential activity of PSⅡ（F_v/F_o）, and the effective quantum efficiency of PSⅡ（F_v′/F_m′）, were measured by LI-6800. The results showed there were significant differences in P_n,T_r, G_s, F_o, F_m, F_v, F_v/F_m, F_v/F_o, F_v′/F_m′ of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in different habitats, their values of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in FG were the largest. The P_nmax, LCP and LSP of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in different habitats were different too, the order of values was FG>FE>FC. The LSP, LCP, P_nmax of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in FG were 1 256, 17, 6.10 μmol/（m²·s）, respectively. The trend of qP and φPSⅡ was consistent, which decreased with the increase of PAR; NPQ increased with the increase of PAR. ETR increased first and then decreased with the increase of PAR. The growth of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in understory habitats light condition was not inhibited. However, there were significant differences in photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, which showed that Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in FG was more conducive to the accumulation of organic matter.

Analysis on nutritional characteristics of rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. in Fang County

ZHENG Lan-lan, CHEN Sheng-hu, ZHANG Ze-zhi, FENG Hai-dong, JIA Li-gui, YOU Lei, LUO De-shun, ZHANG Yong-hong

2024, 63(12):  110-114.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.020

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In order to understand the medicinal quality and edible quality of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. in Fangxian County, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, in October 2023, the fleshy rhizoid of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. was harvested in Dachuan Town, Mengusi Town, Yerengu Town, Hualongyan Town and Shangkan Town, the fresh to dry weight ratio was measured, and the fresh slices were iodine dyed. The contents of starch, polysaccharides, soluble sugar and soluble protein in dried rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. were detected. The results showed that the dry weight proportion of the fleshy rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. in Fang County, Shiyan City, was 15.08%~28.76%, the starch content of the dry rhizomes was 98.44~145.89 mg/g, and the polysaccharides content was 8.59%~24.03%, all of which met the standard of Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, and the medicinal value was high. The soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of the dry rhizomes of domestic Polygonatum sibiricum Red. were 51.53~154.29 mg/g and 83.18~276.21 mg/g, respectively, while the soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of the dry rhizomes of wild Polygonatum sibiricum Red. were 209.93~389.40 mg/g and 55.81~62.91 mg/g, respectively.

Contents of total flavonoids in different parts of Lythrum salicaria L. and their antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities in vitro

ZHANG Yong, ZHUANG Yuan-bei, NIE Hua, ZHAI Ming, YE De-yong, ZHANG Sheng-yuan

2024, 63(12):  115-120.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.021

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The contents of total flavonoids in roots, leaves and flowers of Lythrum salicaria L. and their antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities in vitro were investigated. The content of total flavonoids was determined by the aluminum nitrate method. The antioxidant activity in vitro was evaluated by iron ion reduction ability, DPPH （1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine） and ABTS （2,2′-biphenyl-1-amino-trimethylhexahydrocation） free radical scavenging ability. The hypoglycemic activity in vitro was evaluated by the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between total flavonoid content and activity. The results showed that the content of total flavonoids in Lythrum salicaria L. flowers was the highest [（36.80 ± 0.10） mg RT/g], the DPPH free radical scavenging ability [IC₅₀（0.009 1±0.000 3） mg/mL], ABTS free radical scavenging ability [IC₅₀（0.074 4±0.002 0） mg/mL], iron ion reduction ability [（2 670.78± 9.43） μmol VC/g] and the inhibition of α-glucosidase [IC₅₀（0.567±0.012） mg/mL] were the strongest. The inhibitory effect of Lythrum salicaria L. roots on α-amylase [IC₅₀（0.051±0.003） mg/mL] was the strongest. The content of total flavonoids in roots, leaves and flowers of Lythrum salicaria L. was highly significantly positively correlated with antioxidant activity and significantly positively correlated with hypoglycemic activity. Lythrum salicaria L. flowers showed strong antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, and the root had strong α-amylase inhibitory effects.

Development of new Hongshancaitai line with clubroot resistance

REN Zhi-yong, DONG Bin-feng, HE Qing-song, NIE Qi-jun

2024, 63(12):  121-124.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.022

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Using clubroot resistance （CR） Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis var. purpurea germplasm GD1 as the resistant donor, and using DGZ1902, an early mature strain of Hongshancaitai, as the background material, backcross breeding was conducted. The penta-primer amplification refractory mutation system （PARMS） marker for CR gene CRzi8 carried by CR donor was developed and furtherly applied in the marker assistance selection （MAS）, single plant selection and identification of root disease inoculation, finally the new CR Hongshancaitai line was created. The results showed that the PAMRS marker for CRzi8 could accurately detect the CR individuals from the backcross breeding program. Field resistance test and agronomic traits evaluation indicated that the developed CR Hongshancaitai line CR-DGZ1902 was resistant to Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotype 4, and had both agronomic characteristics of Hongshancaitai and early maturity characteristics of DGZ1902.

The effects of grass cultivation and clearing cultivation on the rhizosphere soil, microbial community, and fruit quality of Taoye Cheng

PAN Ying-an, SONG Fang, WANG Ce, ZHOU Dai-nian, FAN Shu-yun, JIANG Ying-chun, WU Li-ming, PAN Zhi-yong

2024, 63(12):  125-128.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.023

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This study used the local characteristic resource Taoye Cheng（Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv.Taoye Cheng） in Hubei Province as the material, and set up two treatments of grass cultivation and clearing cultivation to analyze the effects of grass cultivation and clearing cultivation on the rhizosphere soil, microbial community, and fruit quality of Taoye Cheng. The results showed that the organic matter content in the rhizosphere soil of Taoye Cheng cultivated with grass was 23.53% higher than that of clearing cultivation;in terms of soil nutrients, the content of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, and zinc in the rhizosphere soil of Taoye Cheng cultivated with grass was significantly higher than that of clearing cultivation, while the content of nitrogen, magnesium, and manganese was significantly lower than that of clearing cultivation. The diversity and abundance of the rhizosphere microbial community of Taoye Cheng cultivated with grass were significantly higher than those of clearing cultivation, indicating that grass cultivation could effectively enrich the microbial community of Taoye Cheng rhizosphere. Grass cultivation could promote the growth of Taoye Cheng fruit and the synthesis of vitamin C. Correlation analysis showed that the transverse and longitudinal diameters, single fruit weight, and vitamin C content of the fruit of Taoye Cheng were significantly positively correlated with RB41 and Pseudomonas.

Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

Effect of super absorbent polymer and fiber on the growth of ryegrass in simulate loam under drought stress

JIN Xiang-yi, SUN Wei, LIU Bo, ZHANG Feng, LI Ming-tang

2024, 63(12):  129-134.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.024

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The effect of super absorbent polymer and fibers on the growth of ryegrass in simulate loam under drought stress was investigated using a potted water control method. The experiment was divided into four groups, namely the control group （without addition）, 1% fiber group, 0.3% super absorbent polymer group, and 1% fiber+0.3% super absorbent polymer group. During the experiment, samples were taken and measured on the first day as a control, and then water was cut off to start the drought stress experiment. On the 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 d of the experiment, the growth characteristics of ryegrass were observed, and the relative water content, relative water deficit,relative conductivity,malondialdehyde,soluble sugar, proline and chlorophyll were recorded. The results showed that the drought resistance of ryegrass in each treatment was in the order of 0.3% super absorbent polymer+1% fiber group, 0.3% super absorbent polymer group, 1% fiber group, control group, from highest to lowest. Compared with the control, as the number of dry days increased, super absorbent polymer alone reduced the degree of wilting and yellowing of ryegrass in simulate loam; the degree of decline in the relative water content of ryegrass was slowed, resulting in a 25.38% increase in relative water content and a 28.57% reduction in relative water deficit; reduced the rate of increase in relative conductivity and malondialdehyde, resulted in a 23.57% reduction in relative conductivity and a 14.25% reduction in malondialdehyde content; slowed the degree of change in soluble sugar content was slowed and the rate of proline accumulation was reduced, resulting in a 13.06% reduction in soluble sugar accumulation and a 45.79% reduction in proline accumulation; the degree of decrease in chlorophyll SPAD value was slowed down, resulted in a 53.68% increase in chlorophyll SPAD value. The combined effect of super absorbent polymer and fiber was better than the effect of super absorbent polymer alone, compared to the control, the relative water content of ryegrass was increased by 36.09% and the relative water deficit was reduced by 40.62%; the relative conductivity and the malondialdehyde content were reduced by 26.69% and 31.69%; the accumulation of soluble sugars and proline was reduced by 16.91% and 65.42%; and the chlorophyll SPAD value was increased by 70.59%, which further extended the survival days of ryegrass under drought stress, and enhanced the drought tolerance of ryegrass.

Acute toxicity test of peptides from monkfish meat in mice

SHEN Lu-jia, SHEN Meng-ran, HE Jia-wei, TANG Jing, ZHANG Xi, YANG Zui-su

2024, 63(12):  135-138.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.025

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To investigate the acute toxicity of monkfish （Lophius litulon） polypeptides （LPs） in mice, eighteen healthy male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups： control group, LPs low-dose group （2.5 g/kg）, and LPs high-dose group （10 g/kg）. Each mouse was administered with 20 mL/kg of LPs through gavage, and they were observed continuously for 14 days. The initial weight at the start of the experiment, weight on the 7th day, and weight on the 14th day were recorded. Signs of toxicity and mortality were also observed. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected from the mice’s eyeballs to test for liver and kidney function-related indicators. Heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and lungs were collected for external observation, and the tissues were subjected to HE staining for histological analysis. The results showed that no deaths occurred in any of the three groups of mice. Liver and kidney function-related indicators showed no significant differences compared to the control group （P>0.05）. The heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and lungs of mice in the high-dose and low-dose LPs group appeared normal, and microscopic examination of tissues stained with HE revealed clear structures without abnormal changes. Therefore, Lophius litulon polypeptides had no acute toxicity in mice.

Storage & Processing

Effects of ozone on the quality of over aged tobacco raw materials

YE Wei-min, LIU Yong, HUANG Lei, YIN Peng

2024, 63(12):  139-144.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.026

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In order to study the effect of ozone on the quality of over aged tobacco raw materials and solve the problem of over aged tobacco mold, two sets of different ozone concentration levels （0、50、100、150 μmol/mol; 0、100、200、300 μmol/mol） and three ozone treatment times （30、60、90 days） were set up to study the effects of ozone on the anti mold effect, color and quality of aged tobacco leaves for 3 and 7 years. The results showed that treating tobacco leaves with 200 μmol/mol ozone for 60 days could kill mold and remove most of the moldy odor. After 90 days of treating tobacco leaves with 50~150 μmol/mol ozone, the color transition to brownish black was significantly inhibited. For tobacco leaves that had been aged for 3 years, ozone treatment would have a significant negative effect, resulting in poor quality. For tobacco leaves that had been aged for 7 years, ozone treatment would have a significant positive effect, and 100 μmol/mol ozone had the best effect on improving the quality of tobacco leaves. Therefore, ozone could improve the quality of excessively aged tobacco raw materials, increase their utilization value, and effectively eliminate tobacco leaf mold, solving the problem of tobacco raw material mold. However, for tobacco leaves that had just passed the optimal aging period, ozone treatment should not be used.

The change of main components in processing Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua of two planting modes

SUN Jia-jia, TU Hai-hua, AN Ting

2024, 63(12):  145-150.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.027

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The stems of 5-year-old Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua planted in bamboo forest and field in Sanzhulun Mountain area of Jingan County, Jiangxi Province were taken as the research object. Using the constant pressure steam nine-steam-nine-bask processing method,the contents of extracts, polysaccharides, total flavonoids, total saponins and total phenols were measured. The variation law of the content of each chemical component was analyzed, and the quality of each sample was evaluated comprehensively by membership function method. The results showed that during the processing process, the content of extracts was higher than the 45% specified in pharmacopoeia; with the increase of processing times, the content of polysaccharide decreased, and the content was lower than the index specified in pharmacopoeia; the content of total flavonoids showed an increasing trend; the content of total saponins showed a fluctuating trend;the total phenol content showed a decreasing trend, with the highest content in fresh Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua; the appearance character changes of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua were consistent, with the increase of processing times, the color gradually became darker and finally became black. By calculating the membership function values of each component and conducting comprehensive ranking, it was found that the imitation of wild Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua under bamboo forest was better than that under field cultivation. At the same time, it was found that the comprehensive ranking of the seventh processing of forest plantings was higher than that of other processing times, and the comprehensive ranking of the fourth processing of field plantings was higher than that of other processing times.

Development and texture property analysis of walnut inulin biscuits

HAN Xiao-jiang, WANG Ming-yue, GUO Yao-dong, WANG Tao

2024, 63(12):  151-157.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.028

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Using low gluten flour, walnut powder, inulin, butter and xylitol as the main raw materials,the formula of walnut inulin biscuits was developed by single factor test, response surface test and variance analysis with sensory evaluation and texture property as indicators. The results showed that the best formula of walnut inulin biscuits was walnut powder of 40.6%, butter of 20.5%, inulin of 8%, xylitol of 20.4%, and orange juice of 8%. Under this formula, the developed biscuits had a complete form and uniform color, and the best sensory score was 81.23 points, with a hardness of 8.943 N, a brittleness of 8.436 N, and a chewability of 9.516 N. The walnut inulin biscuits were moderately sweet, crisp and delicious, with walnut flavor, not greasy, providing theoretical reference for further processing and utilization of walnut and inulin.

Study on the safety evaluation of snake venom wine from Deinagkistrodon acutus

YANG Jing-li, FANG Xin-yue, LI Zhi-kuan, ZHANG Zhong-hua, TAN Fa-xiang, DAI Kui, LI Yu, WANG Qing-fang, LUO Kai, HE Mei-jun

2024, 63(12):  158-162.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.029

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The haemorrhagic, oedema, muscular, hepatic and renal toxicity of Deinagkistrodon acutus snake venom wine （DSVW） were systematically evaluated, providing reference for the safe production and application of DSVW. Fresh venom of Deinagkistrodon acutus was taken and concocted with sorghum wine to obtain DSVW; DSVW was injected subcutaneously in a mouse model to study the acute toxicity of haemorrhage, oedema, and muscular toxicity, and the chronic toxicity to liver and kidney tissues was studied by oral administration for 21 d. The results showed that none of the mice injected with DSVW （5 mg/mL） had obvious haemorrhages on the dorsal skin （≤2.4 cm²）, there was no significant difference in the weight gain of mice calves from the blank control group, the creatine kinase was （0.32±0.03） U/mL, which was not significantly different from that of the CK group （0.34±0.02） U/mL, and there was no significant acute haemorrhagic, oedema, and muscular toxicity of DSVW; the serum urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and glutamine aminotransferase of DSVW gavaged [0.024 mg/（g·d）] mice were （6.04±0.83） μmol/L, （13.00±2.93） mmol/L, （36.67±9.29） U/L, and （89.67±7.09） U/L, respectively, which were not significantly different from those of CK group, and the body weights, renal-liver mass, liver and kidney/ body weight, liver and kidney histopathological sections were not significantly different, and DSVW did not have significant chronic hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. The absence of haemorrhagic, oedema, muscular, hepatic and renal toxicity of DSVW obtained by concoction provided a theoretical basis for the safe production and use of Deinagkistrodon acutus snake venom wine.

Detection Analysis

Comparison of volatile components in Qingzhuan tea with different storage time

YIN Dong-jie, CHEN Liang-rong, CHEN Shi-hou, LIU Xin-yi, LIU Hong, XIONG Hai-rong

2024, 63(12):  163-170.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.030

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Using Qingzhuan tea with different storage time as experimental materials, four types of tea samples were collected： tea leaves from 1999 Qingzhuan tea （OT）, tea powder from 1999 Qingzhuan tea （OP）, tea leaves from 2023 Qingzhuan tea （NT）, and tea powder from 2023 Qingzhuan tea （NP）,the volatile component composition of various tea samples was determined using headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, and the differences in volatile components of Qingzhuan tea stored for different times were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 131 volatile components were detected in the four samples of Qingzhuan tea, mainly including ketones （34）, aldehydes （24）, alcohols （22）, and aromatics （15）. 55 and 58 volatile components were detected in the NT and OT samples of Qingzhuan tea, respectively, with a total of 20 common volatile components; 38 and 43 volatile components were detected in the NP and OP tea samples of Qingzhuan tea, respectively, with a total of 15 common volatile components;there were 14 common volatile components in the OP and OT samples of Qingzhuan tea. The common volatile components with higher content in the OP tea sample included nonanoic acid （5.04%）, dihydrokiwilactone （4.68%）, benzaldehyde （4.67%）, etc. The common volatile components with higher content in the OT tea sample included 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol （10.22%）, benzaldehyde （6.65%）, dihydrokiwilactone （4.71%）, etc. In the boiling mode, a total of 93 volatile components were detected in the Qingzhuan tea sample, and in the brewing mode, a total of 66 volatile components were detected in the Qingzhuan tea sample.

Identification of coffee adulteration based on rapid evaporation ionization mass spectrometry technology

WU Wan-qin, JIANG Feng, FAN Xiao-long, LI Xing, ZHU Song-song, WANG Wei, ZHANG Li, ZHANG Ya-zhen, ZHU Xiao-ling, FENG Meng

2024, 63(12):  171-177.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.031

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Coffee and its adulterated black soybean, black corn, and coffee samples with different proportions of adulteration were evaluated, rapid evaporation ionization mass spectrometry （REIMS） to was used collect primary full scan mass spectrometry data of each sample, a sample principal component analysis linear discriminant analysis （PCA-LDA） model was constructed, and the leave-20%-out mode was validated. The results showed that the correct recognition rate of coffee powder, black soybean powder and black corn powder samples was 100.00%, the correct recognition rate of coffee powder, black soybean powder and different proportion of black soybean powder adulterated with coffee powder samples was 97.07%, and the correct recognition rate of coffee powder, black corn powder and different proportion of black corn powder adulterated with coffee powder samples was 96.60%. Coffee, black soybean, black corn and different proportion of adulterated coffee samples could be better distinguished. The model constructed could achieve instantaneous real-time recognition of samples. Real time identification of random raw material samples and coffee samples with different proportions （5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%） of adulteration was carried out using Live ID software. The results showed that all samples were correctly identified, and the detection limit of adulteration proportion could reach as low as 5%. This method could efficiently, quickly, and accurately monitor coffee adulteration, effectively meeting the identification needs of adulterated black soybean and black corn in coffee samples.

Agricultural Engineering

Analysis of the durability of fly ash concrete with alkaline activator dosage

LUO Jia-hui, GONG Ai-min, WANG Fu-lai, SHAO Shan-qing, WANG Ran, YONG Kang, JIN Zhuo, HUANG Yi-er

2024, 63(12):  178-184.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.032

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To improve the durability of fly ash concrete, fly ash concrete was used as the object to analyze the effects of different alkaline activator dosages （0%, 5%, 8%, and 10%） on the quality loss rate, relative dynamic elastic modulus, and compressive strength of fly ash concrete. Microscopic analysis of the alkali excitation process in fly ash concrete was conducted using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and EDS spectroscopic diffraction patterns. The results showed that with the increase of alkaline activator dosage, the compressive strength of alkali activated fly ash concrete at different curing times showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The quality loss rate of fly ash concrete with four different alkaline activator dosages increased with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, and the quality loss rate of fly ash concrete was the smallest when the alkaline activator dosage was 8%;the relative dynamic elastic modulus of fly ash concrete with four different alkaline activator dosages decreased with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, and the decrease in relative dynamic elastic modulus of fly ash concrete was the smallest when the alkaline activator dosage was 8%;the compressive strength of fly ash concrete with four different alkaline activator dosages decreased with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. When the alkaline activator dosage was 8%, the compressive strength of fly ash concrete was the highest and the decrease in compressive strength was the smallest. The main elements of fly ash concrete with two alkaline activators （0%, 8%） were Ca, O, C, Si, and S. When the dosage of the alkaline activator was 8%, it could effectively promote the hydration reaction of fly ash concrete, increase the hydration product content of cementitious materials, and improve the mechanical and durability properties of fly ash concrete.

Information Engineering

Theoretical model of blockchain empowering fresh agricultural product supply chain based on the perspective of new quality productivity

LIN Yong-min, LIU Zhan-fei, WANG Yi-han

2024, 63(12):  185-190.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.033

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In order to achieve new quality productivity in agriculture and promote the high-quality development of the agricultural product supply chain, a theoretical analysis framework of agriculture+new quality productivity was constructed. Based on the current situation of the fresh agricultural product in China, an analysis was conducted, and it was concluded that the current agricultural product supply chain was facing the practical dilemma of ‘being unable to sell in rural areas and unable to buy in cities’. Therefore, blockchain technology was introduced to build a new fresh agricultural product supply chain service platform. Based on functions such as distributed ledger, big data, and consensus mechanism, the coordinated development of all parties in the supply chain was ensured by breaking down information barriers between various entities, adjusting the information flow mode of the supply chain, providing one click services, information traceability mechanism, and data sharing mechanism, and balancing the origin market and end market.

Research and application of detection method of mulberry fruit sclerotiniose disease severity based on YOLOv3 deep learning algorithm

ZHU Zhi-xian, QIU Pan, ZHANG Cheng, DONG Zhao-xia, ZHANG Feng, HU Xing-ming, YU Cui

2024, 63(12):  191-198.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.034

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A target detection model for mulberry fruit sclerotiniose disease severity was constructed based on YOLOv3 deep learning algorithm combined with transfer learning by training on 10 000 images of mulberry fruit with five different disease severity levels. To verify the robustness of the YOLOv3 model, comparative experiments were conducted with the EfficientDet, Faster R-CNN and YOLOv4 that also used transfer learning. The results showed that the average precision rate of the YOLOv3 model could reach 0.79 for detecting healthy fruits and sclerotinia fruit, which was 6.76%~54.90% higher than that of the other models. The average precision rate of the YOLOv3 model for detecting disease severity levels of sclerotinia fruit was 7.04%~80.95% higher than that of the other models. The detection precision rate and recall rate of the YOLOv3 model were optimal or sub-optimal. The detection and recognition system constructed by Flask+Vue technology could obtain disease severity, fruit size and confidence information within 1 s, and could also realize dynamic recognition of video. This system could provide a reliable software processing platform for automated disease monitoring and fast, efficient, and precise fungicide application during mulberry cultivation.

Pricing of resource water price for the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project based on set pair analysis and game theory combination weighting

BIE Meng-qin, BI Hong-chun, SHANG Xiao-jian, WANG Jing

2024, 63(12):  199-204.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.035

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Based on the basic data of the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project, five evaluation indicators were determined, including the water quality of the water source area （X₁）, per capita water resource occupancy （X₂）, per capita GDP （X₃）, domestic sewage treatment rate （X₄）, and population density （X₅） according to the principles of independence, quantifiability, and accessibility. By using a set pair analysis and connection number model to calculate the resource water price and determine the evaluation matrix of the resource water price index, the D-AHP method and entropy weight method were combined and weighted using game theory. The resource water price vector was determined by combining the water price bearing index and residents’ bearing capacity, and the resource water price was calculated. The results showed that the water price for residential water resources in the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project was calculated to be 1.75 yuan/m³ based on the correlation matrix between five evaluation indicators and evaluation levels. The higher the water quality and population density of the water source, the lower the resource water price; the higher the per capita water resources, per capita GDP, and domestic sewage treatment rate, the higher the resource water price. The calculation results could provide reference for determining the water price of residential water resources for the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project.

Biological Engineering

Induced expression and biological characteristics of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase in Mycoplasma synoviae

CAO Xiao-yi, HU Qiao, ZHANG Wen-ting, DENG Lan-lan, GUO Yun-qing, LU Qin, ZHANG Rong-rong, ZHANG He-ping, LUO Qing-ping

2024, 63(12):  205-210.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.036

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In order to obtain the protein expression product of Mycoplasma synoviae （MS） dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase （PdhD） and analyze its immunogenicity, DNAStar Protean software was used to analyze the secondary structure and main antigen domain of PdhD. A at positions 593, 731, 1 712, and 1 833 nt of the PdhD gene was mutated to G, so that the successfully modified gene could be expressed correctly in Escherichia coli BL21;after induction with IPTG, a protein of approximately 70 ku was obtained. The secondary structure of PdhD protein was predicted for 622 amino acids. The Garnier Robson method predicted 18 alpha helix centers, 12 beta folding segments, and 17 T-corner segments. The Chou Fasman method predicted 24 alpha helix centers, 23 beta folding segments, and 37 T-corner segments. The Karplus Schulz method predicted 42 flexible regions. The main antigenic domain of PdhD was Gln27-Phe36,Vla38-Val51, Ala89-Ala99, Pro137-Asp159, Gly307-Ile336, Gly369-Gly386, Gly397-Gln416, Ala433-Val447, Ieu486-Tyr504, and Ala541-Asn549. Immunogenicity analysis revealed that PdhD recombinant protein could strongly react with rabbit-derived Anti-MS serum, but did not react with rabbit-derived Anti-MG serum or rabbit-derived serum Blank. PdhD had immunogenicity and could be used as a candidate antigen for the development of subunit vaccines.

Economy & Management

Research on the construction of regional public brands of agricultural products empowered by agricultural science and technology innovation

HU Shi-xia, PAN Feng, XING Mei-hua, WANG Wei-wei, XIONG Li

2024, 63(12):  211-215.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.037

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The close relationship between agricultural science and technology innovation and regional public brands of agricultural products was expounded, the value connotation of agricultural science and technology innovation empowering regional public brands of agricultural products was revealed, the challenges faced by agricultural science and technology innovation empowering regional public brand construction of agricultural products, such as insufficient investment in scientific and technological innovation, difficulties in transforming scientific and technological achievements, shortage of compound talent, and weak intellectual property protection, were analyzed, and strategies such as strengthening policy support and financial input, promoting collaborative innovation among government, industry, university, research and application, promoting the training and introduction of compound talents, strengthening the publicity and protection of intellectual property rights, and increasing brand promotion and publicity were put forward,to promote the regional public brands construction of agricultural products through agricultural science and technology innovation empowerment.

Evaluation and prediction of agricultural green development level of the core cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

GUO Hong-xi, GONG Qi, KE Yan-ruo, XIAO Cai-hong, ZHOU Yan

2024, 63(12):  216-221.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.038

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For the analysis of the agricultural green development level of the core cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, based on the data of the core cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2020, the evaluation index system of agricultural green development level was constructed from the four dimensions of environmental friendliness, industrial coordination, production efficiency and living security. The entropy method was used to calculate the weight of each index, and the gray GM （1,1） model was used to predict the green development level of agriculture of the core cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The results showed that the agricultural green development index of the core cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt had been steadily increasing year by year, but there were significant regional differences. The level of agricultural green development in cities such as Nanjing and Wuhan was significantly higher than that of other cities. Meanwhile, the degree of environmental friendliness and industrial coordination had not been fully developed, while the growth rates of production efficiency and living security level were relatively fast. Finally, policy suggestions for promoting the green development of agriculture in the core cities of the basin were put forward.

The theoretical logic, challenges and pathways of digital productivity empowering ecological civilization construction

FANG Xing-da, ZHANG Zhen-yu, HOU Guan-yu

2024, 63(12):  222-229.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.039

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Digital productivity provided strong technical support and a theoretical basis for ecological civilization construction by improving resource utilization efficiency, innovating environmental governance models, enhancing the level of ecological civilization, alleviating externalities in economic activities, and promoting sustainable development. However, digital productivity empowering ecological civilization also faced challenges such as the balance between technological development and resource scarcity, privacy protection and security of data flow, digital divide and ecological imbalance, obstacles to the integration of digital resources and ecological industries, and insufficient training of digital education systems and ecological talents. To effectively address these issues, it was necessary to optimize governance models, improve policy systems, enhance governance efficiency, strengthen international cooperation, improve labor structures, etc.

The impact of carbon emissions trading on the transformation of China’s low-carbon economy：Based on the intermediary perspective of energy consumption and R&D innovation

LIU Yu-xuan, TIAN Ze

2024, 63(12):  230-236.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.040

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Based on the panel data of 30 provinces from 2008 to 2018, and taking the carbon emission trading pilot policy as the natural experiment, the effect of “reducing carbon and increasing performance” was studied by constructing a fixed-effect difference-in-differences model. The study found that the carbon emission trading policy had achieved both environmental benefits and economic benefits, that was, it had played a significant “reducing carbon and increasing performance” effect, and it was still stable after dynamic effect tests and placebo tests. Further, the heterogeneity analysis found that the policy effect of carbon emission trading was more obvious in the heavy industry area. The mechanism test confirmed that carbon emission trading mainly achieved “reducing carbon” by adjusting the energy consumption structure, and “increasing performance” by promoting R&D innovation, to promote the transformation of China’s low-carbon economy. The research conclusions further enriched the research on the effect of carbon emission trading policies, and had practical significance for the transformation of China’s low-carbon economy and the realization of the “dual carbon” goal.

Study on the spatial effect of fiscal expenditure on farmers’ income in Xinjiang：An empirical analysis based on the spatial Durbin model

QIU Xin-lei, ZHANG Ye

2024, 63(12):  237-243.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.041

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Based on the panel data of 13 prefectures and cities in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2021, the Moran index was used to measure the spatial distribution of rural residents’ income level, and the spatial Dubin model was constructed to empirically test the spatial effect of fiscal expenditure on rural residents’ income. The results showed that the spatial agglomeration characteristics of farmers’ income level in Xinjiang were obvious, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of “ high-high” aggregation and “low-low” aggregation; there were structural differences and spatial spillover effects in the impact of various fiscal expenditures on farmers’ income; the spatial difference of the impact of fiscal expenditure on farmers’ income in Northern and Southern Xinjiang was very obvious. It was proposed that the structure of fiscal expenditure should be adjusted appropriately according to the impact of different types of fiscal expenditure on income; the spatial spillover effect should be paid attention to and given full play, and each region should make full use of the spatial spillover effect of fiscal expenditure on farmers’ income, and formulate more flexible fiscal policies; the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of fiscal expenditure on farmers’ income should be paid attention to, and regional policy coordination and resource sharing should be ensured, in order to promote the steady increase of farmers’ income in Xinjiang.

Rural Revitalization

Protection and inheritance of Jingchu agricultural culture from the perspective of rural cultural revitalization

XIA Yan-yang, CHEN Jie, ZUO Lu, CHEN Xing-lin, LEI Shu-yan

2024, 63(12):  244-249.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.042

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By systematically sorting out the connotation and characteristics of Jingchu agricultural culture, as well as the current situation and effectiveness of its protection and inheritance, the problems in the process of Jingchu agricultural culture protection and inheritance were pointed out, including the incomplete heritage information database, prominent contradictions between protection and inheritance of agricultural culture and economic development, difficulties in inheriting traditional agricultural technology and knowledge, lack of supply mechanism for special funds, and low enthusiasm for participation from all sectors of society. The following five suggestions had been proposed： First, the stock of excellent agricultural cultural heritage in Hubei Province had been identified;second, important agricultural cultural heritage resources at the provincial level were being excavated and utilized;third,the technological and talent support for the protection and inheritance of agricultural culture had been strengthened;fourth,the funding for the protection of Jingchu agricultural culture had been increased;fifth,the promotion of the importance of Jingchu agricultural culture had been increased.

Research on the evaluation and obstacle factors of high-quality development of agriculture under the background of rural revitalization：Taking Yan’an City as an example

MA Li, YU Zi-yan, WANG Chen-xi

2024, 63(12):  250-256.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.12.043

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The entropy method was used to construct an evaluation index system for agricultural high-quality development in Yan’an City, focusing on four dimensions： improvement in output quality and efficiency, green product development, integration development of industries, and prosperity of farmers’ lives. The level of agricultural high-quality development in Yan’an City from 2012 to 2021 was measured. At the same time combined with the obstacle factor diagnosis model, the main factors that restricted the high-quality development of agriculture in Yan’an City as well as its various districts and counties （cities） were analyzed. The results showed that the level of high-quality development of agriculture in Yan’an City improved steadily, but each district and county （city） had its own unique characteristics. Industrial integration development and green product development were the main weaknesses; how to improve the living standard of farmers was the key problem to be solved in each region. Therefore, deepening supply-side structural reform and optimizing resource allocation should be prioritized along with adopting differentiated developmental strategies to effectively solve the problems existing in the process of high-quality development of agriculture in Yan’an City.