Table of Content

25 June 2023, Volume 62 Issue 6

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Breeding & Cultivation

Effects of sowing date on inbred line growth, female/male ears flowering time and yield of black waxy corn

ZHAI Rui-ning, HUANG Kai-jian, HUANG Ai-hua, ZOU Cheng-lin, MO Run-xiu, WEI Xin-xing, YANG Meng

2023, 62(6):  1-5.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.001

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In order to study the effects of different sowing dates on growth, flowering period, and yield of the parents of black waxy corn （Zea mays L.）variety Guiheinuo 609, based on the climatic characteristics of Guangxi, six sowing dates （Feb. 25 and 29, Mar. 4 and 8 for the male plant; Feb. 25 and Mar. 8 for the female plant） were designed by using the Heinuo 102 and Lyugannuo （the parents of Guiheinuo 609） as experimental materials. The occurrence time of growth periods, leaf growth rate, and yield traits of the parents were measured. The results showed that the flowering period of the parents was delayed during the retarding sowing date. It was the best for the occurrence of pollening stage of the male and silking stage of the female at the same sowing dates （Feb. 25 and Mar. 8）, and it occurred generally or did not occurre at different sowing dates. The fastest leaf growth rate and the longest tassel occurred in the early sowing parents （Feb. 25）. And in the retarding sowing dates, the parents’ plant height, ear position height, ear length, and kernel line number were gradually increased without significant difference, as well as their ear diameter, seeding rate and yield were gradually increased with a significant difference（P<0.05）. In conclusion, in order to ensure the florescence of the male and female parents meet normally and avoid the influence of temperature, it was best to focus on the simultaneous sowing date during seed production of Guiheinuo 609, and the most suitable sowing date should be early March, but should not exceed mid-March in Guangxi.

Effects of different application rates of slow and controlled-release fertilizer on the growth of fresh corn

HUANG Yun, XU Tian-cheng, ZHAN Wei-yu, GAO Zi-wei, LIN Si-yuan, DENG Se-yuan, YANG Bo, YANG Zhong-bo, CHEN Qing-chun

2023, 62(6):  6-10.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.002

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In order to explore the effect of controlled-release fertilizer application rate on the growth status of fresh corn（Zea mays L.）, field plot experiments with different fertility were carried out with ‘Zhongtian No.5’ and ‘Xixing Wucai Xiannuo’ as materials, the growth indexes of maize in different growth periods were compared, and the best controlled-release fertilizer application rate was screened. The results showed that, the determination coefficient of the fitting model between the application amount of controlled-release fertilizer and each index of fresh corn except sugar content was above 0.8, which reached a very significant level （P<0.01）, indicating that the application of controlled-release fertilizer could significantly increase the physiological indexes of fresh corn. The 600 kg/hm² application rate was the best fertilization amount of controlled-release fertilizer under this experimental condition. When excessive fertilization occurred, most indexes showed a downward trend, and the fertilizer utilization rate decreased.

Resource & Environment

Habitat suitability evaluation and important influencing factors of Picea schrenkiana

JING Yun-yun, XU Zhong-lin

2023, 62(6):  11-17.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.003

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Taking Picea schrenkiana as an object, based on 210 distribution sample data and 23 environmental variables, the MaxEnt model was applied to predict the potential distribution and important impact factors of Picea schrenkiana under the current climate environment. The accuracy of the model was tested using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve （ROC curve）, and the contribution rate, replacement importance, and knife cut method of environmental factors were used to screen the dominant ecological factors. ArcGIS was combined to achieve visualization of suitable growth areas for spruce in Xueling. The results showed that the average AUC obtained by running the MaxEnt model repeatedly for 10 times was 0.953, indicating that the model had high prediction accuracy, and the predicted geographical distribution results of Xueling spruce are highly consistent with the actual distribution data points, the operation results were reliable; under the current climate environment, were high suitability areas of Picea schrenkiana were mainly distributed in the Tianshan Mountains, including the Ili River Valley, the mountains on both sides of the Tekes River Valley, the Borokonu Mountains, the Bogda Mountains, the western mountains of Jungar, the Alatao Mountains, and the mountains on both sides of the Fergana River Valley. The areas of high, medium, and low suitability areas respectively accounted for 5.44%, 10.75%, and 12.60% of the total suitability area; in the current climate environment, the dominant environmental factors affecting the geographical distribution of Picea schrenkiana were elevation, slope, driest monthly precipitation （bio14）, annual average temperature （bio1）, and warmest season precipitation （bio18）, among which altitude was the most important factor affecting the geographical distribution of Picea schrenkiana.

Study on phreatic evaporation of winter wheat field in Huaibei Plain based on Hydrus-1D model

XU Min, WANG Jie, ZHU Yong-hua, LYU Hai-shen, LI Yuan

2023, 62(6):  18-22.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.004

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This study selected Wudaogou hydrological and water resources experimental station in Huaibei plain as a study area. The applicability of Hydrus-1D model in simulating the phreatic evaporation process of Winter Wheat in Huaibei plain was studied, and the law of phreatic evaporation during the growth period of winter wheat under different precipitation conditions was also discussed. The results suggested that the phreatic evaporation process simulated based on Hydrus-1D model was in high consistent with the phreatic evaporation process based on water balance and Bouchet complementary relationship theory. The correlation coefficient was 0.82, the absolute error was 0.04 mm/d, and the relative error was 12.4%. The total amount of phreatic evaporation during the growth period of winter wheat was affected by the precipitation amount, while higher phreatic evaporation was observed when the precipitation amount was higher. According to the phreatic evaporation of winter wheat at each growth stage, filling stage-maturity stage > heading stage-filling stage > jointing stage-heading stage > returning to green stage-jointing stage. The results could provide a theoretical basis for formulatina reasonable irrigation schedule in Huaibei plain.

Effects of reducing chemical fertilizer and applying biological bacterial fertilizer on the growth of chili pepper and soil nutrients

HE Wei, ZHANG Hui, JIANG Ye

2023, 62(6):  23-28.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.005

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Using chili pepper（Capsicum annuum L.） Longjiao No. 15 as the experimental material, four groups of experiments were set up. Group A was chemical fertilizer （control）, Group B was actinomycete fertilizer and chemical fertilizer , Group C was Bacillus subtilis fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and Group D was composite bacterial fertilizer, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, corn straw, and chemical fertilizer. Field experiments were conducted to explore the effects of combined application of chemical fertilizers and microbial fertilizers on the growth of chili peppers and soil nutrients. The results showed that the combination of chemical fertilizer and biological bacterial fertilizer increased the vitamin C content of pepper fruit, ensured the yield and root growth of pepper, weakened soil acidification, and achieved the effect of reducing chemical fertilizer application.B1 treatment （150 kg/hm² of actinomycete fertilizer+600 kg/hm² of fertilizer）, C1 treatment （30 kg/hm² of Bacillus subtilis fertilizer+600 kg/hm² of fertilizer）, and D2 treatment （30 kg/hm² of composite bacterial fertilizer+30 kg/hm² of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer+7 500 kg/hm² of straw+600 kg/hm² of fertilizer） were the optimal ratios for pepper production within the group.

Elimination patterns of five benzene derivatives in seawater and Mytilus coruscus based on static models

SONG Li-ling, ZHOU Xu, LIAO Si-yang, YU Pei-pei, HU Fen-jing, ZHOU Xiu-jin

2023, 62(6):  29-32.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.006

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The elimination laws of five benzene derivatives, namely benzene （BZ）, toluene （TU）, p-xylene （PX）, o-xylene （MX）, and m-xylene （OX）, in seawater and Mytilus coruscus were studied in a static model. Five benzene derivatives with certain concentrations were added to seawater and Mytilus coruscus at an ambient temperature of （20±0.5） ℃, the residual concentrations of five benzene derivatives in seawater and Mytilus coruscus were analyzed at different time points using the headspace injection gas chromatography hydrogen flame ionization detector （HS-GC-FID） method.The results showed that the concentration changes of each component of benzene series in seawater and Mytilus coruscus were basically the same over time. The elimination rates of the five benzene series in seawater were MX, PX, TU, BZ and OX in descending order, while the elimination rates of the five benzene series in Mytilus coruscus were TU, BZ, MX, OX and PX in descending order. The elimination rates of Mytilus coruscus and seawater were different, possibly due to the complex matrix such as fat and protein rich in Mytilus coruscus. The binding degree between benzene derivatives and Mytilus coruscus mussel matrix was strong.

Evaluation of soil fertility quality in different salinized cotton fields：Taking Shaya County, Xinjiang as an example

WU Chu-peng, SHENG Jian-dong, HU Yu-tong, CHENG Zhi-hui

2023, 62(6):  33-38.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.007

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To evaluate the soil fertility quality in different salinized cotton fields in Shaya County, Xinjiang, the relationship between salinization and soil fertility in oasis cotton fields was discussed. Taking the core cotton planting areas of Shaya County as the research object, a combination of field experiments and indoor tests was adopted,seven physical and chemical indexes of soil were measured, and the weight of evaluation indexes was determined by principal component analysis. The soil integrated fertility index was used to evaluate the soil fertility of cotton fields. The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil bulk density and alkaline nitrogen content between cotton fields with different salinization levels. The content of most nutrient indicators in non salinized and salinized cotton fields showed significant differences, while the content of most indicators in salinized cotton fields was relatively similar.The soil integrated fertility index in non saline cotton fields was significantly different from that in saline cotton fields, while there was no significant difference in the soil integrated fertility index in saline cotton fields soil salinization affected the fertility status of cotton fields;regression analysis could further reflect their relationship. The total salt content of soil and the soil integrated fertility index （IFI） showed a parabola trend. With the increase of total salt content of soil, nutrient availability decreased, and soil biological activity was inhibited, thus affecting the formation and accumulation of soil fertility. When the total salt content was greater than 8.83 g/kg, the index showed an upward trend, and the regression equation between soil total salt content （x） and IFI （y） was y=0.643 1-0.063 6x+0.003 6x²（r²=0.489 1）.

Spatial characteristics of climate resources during the growth period of sugarcane and their response to climate change in Guangxi

HUANG Wei, WU Xuan-ke, LAI Xi-liu, LIU Lei, WEI Jian-feng

2023, 62(6):  39-45.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.008

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Using daily meteorological data from 91 national meteorological observation stations in Guangxi from 1961 to 2020, the spatial distribution characteristics of climate resources during sugarcane seedling stage （P1）, tillering stage （P2）, stem elongation period （P3）, and process maturity stage （P4） were analyzed. Linear trend analysis was used to explore the response of climate resources to climate change during the sugarcane growth period. The results indicated that in terms of spatial distribution, the average temperature was higher in the west and lower in the east during the seedling stage, and higher in the south and lower in the north during the stem elongation period and process maturity stage; the sunshine hours were higher in the west and lower in the east during the seedling stage, higher in the east and lower in the west during the stem elongation stage, and higher in the south and lower in the north during the tillering stage and process maturity stage; the precipitation was higher in the east and northeast, and low in the southwest during the seedling and tillering stages, higher in the west and southwest, and lower in the northeast during the stem elongation stage, and higher in the central Guangxi region during the mature stage. Under the background of climate change, the average temperature during the sugarcane its growth period had significantly increased, with the fastest increase occurring during the mature stage of sugarcane production in northern Guangxi. The number of sunshine hours significantly decreased, with the most significant decrease occurring during the stem elongation stage; the precipitation showed a significant upward trend during the tillering period of sugarcane in northeastern Guangxi.

Study on climatological quality evaluation model with comprehensive indexes for green tea in Hubei Province

DENG Huan-huan, QIN Peng-cheng, WAN Su-qin, DENG Ai-juan, TANG Yang

2023, 62(6):  46-50.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.009

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Quality analysis data of green tea within different green tea-plucking periods and observation data of meteorological elements at 15 days before spring tea-plucking in typical tea-producing regions of Hubei Province from 2018 to 2020 was used. Firstly, the key meteorological elements affecting green tea quality and its response relationship were analyzed by using machine learning methods including decision tree and random forest model. Secondly, the single-factor subordinate function model for temperature, sunshine, wind speed and relative humidity was built based on fuzzy mathematics theory. In the meanwhile, a comprehensive index model for climatological quality of green tea was built by using the comprehensive weighted method. Finally, parameters in this model were optimized based on the genetic algorithm. Additionally, grade evaluation standard was also determined. The results showed that the number of samples corresponding and existing one grade difference to the actual grade of samples accounted for 67.2% and 32.8% of the total samples, respectively. The results indicated that this model for green tea could reflect its quality difference under different climate situations.

Optimization effects of chemical conditioning reagent on the dehydration of river and lake sludge and the pH of sludge cake

WANG Long-tao, CHEN Wen-feng, HUANG Sheng, XU Yang-fan, XIA Xin-xing

2023, 62(6):  51-55.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.010

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The effects of different dosages and particles size of CaO on the dehydration effect and pH of sludge cake were investigated based on the original caustic lime dosage from the actual project. In addition, under the premise of the optimum addition and particle size of the lime, the compound formulation effects of CaO and NaHCO₃, calcium lignin sulfonate, polyferric sulfate （PFS）, polyaluminium chloride （PAC） and polyacrylamide （PAM） on dehydration effect and pH of sludge cake was studied. The results showed that, the reduction of the CaO dosage could decrease the pH of sludge cake to a certain extent, but the moisture content of sludge increased slightly. The moisture content of sludge cake after dewatering appeared significantly different for the different particle sizes of CaO powder. As a whole, the moisture content decreased, while the pH increased with the decrease of CaO particle size. The combination of NaHCO₃, calcium lignosulfonate and CaO could reduce the pH of sludge cake, but weaken the dehydration effect,the moisture content of sludge cake increased relatively large. The dehydration effect of PAC or PAM compounded CaO was slightly better than that of PFS compounded CaO. Considering the dehydration effect and the pH of sludge cake, the optimal combination was 0.50% PAC + 0.02% PAM + 9.00% （120 mesh） CaO.

Effects of soil conditioner on seed germination rate and seedling growth of crop

ZHAO Hong-kai, JIANG Qing-gao, QU Wei, SONG Li-fen

2023, 62(6):  56-62.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.011

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To explore the general applicability of Phyto-Cat^TM soil conditioner to local crops in China, different concentration gradients of Phyto-Cat^TM soil conditioner dilutions were set up to study the improvement effect of Phyto-Cat^TM soil conditioner on seed germination rate and seedling traits of wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）, maize（Zea mays L.）, tomato（ Solanum lycopersicum L.）, pepper（ Capsicum annuum L.） and non-heading Chinese cabbage （Brassica chinensis L.）. On this basis, principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the experimental data, and a functional relationship was established to comprehensively analyze the effect of Phyto-Cat^TM soil conditioner. The results showed that the low concentration of Phyto-Cat^TM soil conditioner could significantly improve the germination rate of wheat, tomato and pepper seeds, while the high concentration of Phyto-Cat^TM soil conditioner tended to breed miscellaneous bacteria in the dishes and reduce the seed germination potential and germination rate. Phyto-Cat^TM soil conditioner had a significant improvement effect on the seedling traits of the tested crops, and the effect of 8 mg/L Phyto-Cat^TM soil conditioner had exceeded that of Stanley water soluble fertilizer. Thus, it can be seen that Phyto-Cat^TM soil conditioner is very effective in improving seed germination and seedling traits of crops, improving soil structure and providing better fertilization effect than chemical fertilizers, and indirectly improving crop yield and quality.

Evaluation on agricultural ecological efficiency in the Gulf of Guinea based on super-efficiency SBM-Malmquist model

QU Si-yu, WU Zhao-dan, WU Qi-yue, JING Xiao-dong, TAN Xin-yang

2023, 62(6):  63-71.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.012

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Based on the panel data of 10 countries in the Gulf of Guinea from 1990 to 2019, the super-efficiency SBM model and Malmquist index method were used to calculate the agricultural ecological efficiency and analyze its spatiotemporal evolution of the Gulf of Guinea from static and dynamic perspectives. The results showed that the agricultural ecological efficiency in the Gulf of Guinea was stable from 1990 to 2019, and showed a slight downward trend in recent years. There were significant differences in agricultural ecological efficiency among countries in the Gulf of Guinea. Nigeria and Sao Tome and Principe had always been DEA effective, while Equatorial Guinea and Liberia had always been in DEA invalidity. From the decomposition of Malmquist index, agricultural ecological efficiency was mainly affected by technological progress. Countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to improve the agricultural ecological efficiency in the Gulf of Guinea and promote the cooperation between China and Guinea： Strengthen regional cooperation in ecological agriculture deepen environmental governance and promote scientific and technological innovation; build a shared agricultural data platform to form economies of scale; carry out industrial docking in the agricultural field and promote the development of green cooperation between China and Guinea.

Land use transformation and its ecological and environmental effects in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020

LIAO Chao-ming, WEI Yuan-yuan, WANG Rong, TAN Mian-fang, LU Yan, QIN Yun-sen

2023, 62(6):  72-76.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.013

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Based on the land use data of 2000, 2010 and 2020, the characteristics of land use transition in Guangxi were studied through the land use transfer matrix and land use change rate. The ecological and environmental effects of land use transition were further quantitatively analyzed by using the ecological and environmental quality index and ecological contribution rate, and the impact of land use transformation on the ecological and environmental effects was discussed. The results showed that there were great differences in the spatial distribution of land use types in Guangxi. The forest land was mainly distributed in northwest and southeast Guangxi, the cultivated land was distributed in central Guangxi, and the construction land was mainly concentrated in Nanning City, Guilin City and Liuzhou City. During the study period, land use transformation was mainly dominated by the mutual conversion of cultivated land and forest land and the conversion of cultivated land into construction land, and the intensity of the transfer of cultivated land increased. The change of ecological and environmental quality was stable, showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the mutual transformation of cultivated land and forest land was the dominant factor affecting ecological and environmental quality. Therefore, the government should optimize the land use structure, make intensive use of construction land, protect the quality and quantity of cultivated land, actively implement the policy of protecting forest and grassland, improve the quality of ecological environment, and ensure the sustainable development of the region.

The correlation between agricultural labor population density and arable land quality in counties

CHEN Ran, LIU Shu-xia, ZHENG Hong-gang, LI Hao-xun, ZHAO Hao

2023, 62(6):  77-81.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.014

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Based on the basic geographic data and relevant statistical data of Yimen County, Yunnan Province, the relationship between the density of agricultural labor force and the quality grade of arable land utilization in Yimen County was analyzed by using survey and collection method, mathematical and statistical analysis method and 3S technology. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation （α=0.01） between the density of agricultural labor force and the quality of arable land use in each sub-unit, and the results analyzed by street offices, townships and towns also showed a significant positive correlation （α=0.01） between the density of agricultural labor force and the quality of arable land use. It indicated that the more the agricultural labor population acting on the arable land, the better the quality of arable land utilization was under the same arable land quantity and natural conditions.

Plant Protection

Effects of elevated CO₂ concentration on detoxification enzyme and protective enzyme activities of Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang

LOU Ding, LI Xiang, XUE Xi-qin, WANG Pan, LIU Yong-hua

2023, 62(6):  82-85.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.015

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To better understand the impact of climate change on Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang, the activities of two detoxification enzymes [glutathione S-transferase （GST）, acetylcholinesterase （AchE）] and three protective enzymes [catalase （CAT）, peroxidase （POD） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）] were determined and analyzed under normal CO₂ concentration （375 μL/L） and high CO₂ concentration （750 μL/L）. The results showed that the activities of the two detoxification enzymes in the larvae of different instars of Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang showed an increasing trend under high CO₂ concentration, the activity of GST was higher than that under normal CO₂ concentration, and the activities of GST in the larvae of the first, fifth and sixth instars were significantly different from those under the normal CO₂ concentration; under high CO₂ concentration, AchE activity of the 3rd to 6th instars was increased, and AchE activity of the 5th and 6th instars was significantly higher than that of the corresponding instars under normal CO₂ concentration. Under high CO₂ concentration, the changes of the three protective enzymes in the larvae of different instars of Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang were inconsistent with each other, and the activity of CAT showed an increasing trend, which was significantly higher than that of the corresponding instars under normal CO₂ concentration; the POD activity increased first and then decreased with the increase of instar, and there was no significant change of POD activity in the first instar, second instar and sixth instar larvae; the SOD activity of the larvae decreased with the increase of instars, which was significantly lower in the 4th, 5th and 6th instars than that of the corresponding instars under normal CO₂ concentration.

Horticulture & Local Products

Research progress on chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical applications of Saraca asoca （Roxb.） Willd

CHEN Liu-yan, HUANG Qiu-mei, LAN Ting-ting, LI Bin, LI Yong-hua, RU Mei

2023, 62(6):  86-93.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.016

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Saraca asoca （Roxb.） Willd is mainly distributed in the tropical regions of Asia, it has been regarded as a universal panacea in India and is an important medicinal plant resource. This paper reviewed the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, clinical application, development of related clinical therapeutic preparations, authenticity identification and other aspects of Saraca asoca （Roxb.） Willd, in order to provide references for the development and utilization of medicinal plants in Saraca, especially Saraca dives Pierre mainly distributed in China.

Study on the origin tracing of spring Panax notoginseng root based on fingerprints characteristics of mineral elements

WENG Jing, LIANG She-wang, RAN Yu-yan, SHI Jing, HE Zhong-jun

2023, 62(6):  94-99.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.017

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A method for geographical origin discrimination of Panax notoginseng was established to provide technical support for the protection of geographical indication products and for tracing the geographical origin of agricultural products. Sixty samples of spring Panax notoginseng were collected, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the contents of 44 mineral elements in the main root of spring Panax notoginseng, and analysis of variance, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis were carried out to develop and validate the discriminant model. The results showed that, the contents of 13 mineral elements in samples were different among four producing areas. The content and composition of mineral elements in the root of spring Panax notoginseng had their own geographical fingerprint characteristics in different sections. Through the stepwise discriminant analysis, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Mo, Co and Sc were selected for the discriminant model from different elements. The overall correct discrimination rates for original spring Panax notoginseng samples from different geographical origins in back substitution and cross validation tests were 80.0% and 71.7%, respectively. The mineral elements fingerprint analysis combined with chemometrics could be used to distinguish the geographical origin of Panax notoginseng from different producing areas.

Plant planning for ecological restoration of Jiuli Lake constructed wetland in Xuzhou

WU Yuan-meng, LUO Li-qun, TANG Juan

2023, 62(6):  100-105.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.018

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Based on the analysis of the geological formation of the coal mining subsidence area, the habitat characteristics of the built area and the habitat conditions of the area to be built of Jiuli Lake, the plant remediation technology with simple operation, less investment and no secondary pollution was planned for the polluted water and soil in Jiuli Lake coal mining subsidence area. The stems and leaves of plants transported oxygen from the air to the roots, forming an aerobic environment conducive to nitrification and denitrification by microorganisms, which could accelerate the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants. Wetland plant planning should firstly simulate the natural wetland plant community, in order to build wetland animal habitat, enhance biodiversity, and strengthen the stability of the wetland ecosystem.

Relationship between fruit enlargement of Yichang satsuma mandarin and meteorological conditions

YANG Xiao-ling, YANG Yan-li, LIU Yun-peng, LI Hao-ran, CHEN Shi-lin

2023, 62(6):  106-109.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.019

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In order to improve the pertinence of meteorological service during the fruit enlargement of satsuma mandarin, orange and meteorological observation data of Yiling District Meteorological Bureau from 1995 to 2016 were used to analyze the laws of fruit enlargement and its relationship with meteorological conditions in Weizhang and Guijing satsuma mandarin. By using Logistic function simulation and first order derivation, the peak and occurrence time of fruit volume growth over the years were obtained. Meteorological factors were screened to establish fruit growth peak regression equations of Weizhang and Guijing satsuma mandarin. The correlation between the fruit size at harvest and the main meteorological factors before harvest was analyzed. The main meteorological disasters during the fruit enlargement period in typical years were sorted out. The results showed that, low temperature, cloudy and rainy weather before midsummer and high temperature and drought from midsummer to autumn were the main meteorological disasters during fruit enlargement of Yichang satsuma mandarin.

Analysis on the change law of main biochemical components of tea tree variety Zijuan at different altitudes

YANG Sheng-mei, BAO Yun-xiu, LI Jin-long, DUAN Zhi-fen, LIU Ben-ying, TANG Yi-chun

2023, 62(6):  110-113.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.020

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Taking adult tea plantations of Zijuan planted at 900, 1 200, 1 500, 1 800 and 2 300 m as the research object, the change law of main biochemical components of tea variety Zijuan with altitude were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of water extract and tea polyphenols decreased with the increase of altitude in the planting area of altitude of 900~2 300 m, and the highest values were 51.5% and 30.3% in the planting area of altitude of 900 m, respectively. With the increase of altitude, the content of the amino acid increased twice. In the planting area of altitude of 2 300 m, the amino acid content significantly increased to 3.8%. With the increase of planting altitude, caffeine content firstly decreased and then increased, and the highest content was 4.3% in the planting area at 900 m altitude. The total content of catechins firstly decreased and then increased with the increase of altitude, and reached the highest content of 15.88% at 900 m altitude. The anthocyanin content increased gradually with the altitude from 900 m to 1 800 m, the maximum anthocyanin content was 18.5 mg/g at 1 800 m altitude, and the minimum anthocyanin content was 14.3 mg/g at 2 300 m altitude.

Effects of fruit size on economic characters of different varieties of Camellia oleifera

YANG Xiao-ju, YANG Sheng-you, LUO Qian, WEI Fang-yi, LONG Xue-yan, LIAO Ting-ting, WANG Jia-le, HU Yu-ling

2023, 62(6):  114-119.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.021

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Nine varieties of Camellia oleifera mainly planted in Tongren City, Guizhou Province were divided into large, medium and small camellia fruits according to the fruit diameter, and their related economic characters were measured, and the effects of different varieties with different fruit diameters on their economic characters were analyzed. The results showed that different fruit diameters had obvious effects on various economic characters of Camellia oleifera. From the fresh seed rate of Camellia oleifera, Huashuo, Changlin 40, Cenxiruanzhi, Xianglin 210 and Changlin 53 cultivated large fruits, and Huajin and Huaxin cultivated medium fruits, all of which could improve the fresh seed rate. Judging from the kernel-fruit ratio of tea seeds, Huashuo and Changlin 4 cultivated medium fruits, while Huajin, Huaxin, Changlin 40, Cenxiruanzhi and Changlin 18 cultivated large fruits, all of which were relatively high with the kernel-fruit ratio of tea seeds; judging from the oil content of seed kernel, Huajin, Changlin 40 and Xianglin 210 cultivated big fruits, while Huashuo, Changlin 4, Cenxiruanzhi and Huaxin cultivated middle fruits, which were beneficial to the accumulation of seed kernel oil; the oil content of seed kernel was extremely significant positively correlated with fresh seed yield, positively correlated with kernel yield, extremely significant negatively correlated with seed moisture content and negatively correlated with single seed weigh; the oil yield of 100 g fresh fruit was extremely significant positively correlated with fresh seed rate and kernel oil rate, positively correlated with fruit shape index and kernel rate, and extremely significant negatively correlated with seed moisture content. Therefore, in order to cultivate high yield, Huajin, Changlin 40, Cenxiruanzhi, Xianglin 210 and Changlin 53 could cultivate large fruits by thinning small fruits, while Changlin 18, Changlin 4, Huaxin and Huashuo could not take any fruit thinning measures.

Landscape planning of rural waterfront under the concept of ecological livability： Taking Changtang River of Xiangshan County in Zhejiang Province as an example

GUO Tao

2023, 62(6):  120-124.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.022

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In order to build a beautiful village and create a pleasant village waterfront landscape, the ecological livable concept was applied to the landscape planning of rural waterfront on the basis of combing relevant research. Taking the landscape planning of Changtang River of Xiangshan County in Zhejiang Province as an example, the regional water landscape, water culture, water ecology and water tourism were deeply analyzed from multiple angles and multi-dimensions, and the planning objectives and design ideas of realizing the improvement of rural waterfront landscape were discussed, in order to provide reference for the landscape planning of rural waterfront in the future.

Aquatic Products

Inhibition and adsorption effect of plant carbon black on 9 aquatic pathogenic bacteria

CHEN Bin, LIN Yu, FAN Hai-ping, XUE Ling-zhan, YUAN Li-hua, ZHONG Quan-fu

2023, 62(6):  125-128.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.023

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In order to verify the inhibition and adsorption effect of plant carbon black on common aquatic pathogens, the agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of plant carbon black on 9 aquatic pathogens, and the test bacteria suspension was mixed with different amounts of plant carbon black to determine the adsorption rate, desorption rate and adsorption capacity. The results showed that the MIC value of plant carbon black to Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi were both 200 mg/mL, the MIC value to Edwardsiella tarda was 12.5 mg/mL, and the MIC value of the other 6 pathogenic bacteria were all 25 mg/mL. When the concentration of the tested bacteria was 10⁶ CFU/mL, with the increasing of the amount of plant carbon black, the adsorption rate of the tested bacteria gradually increased, and finally it remained unchanged to 100%. And the desorption rate gradually decreased, and finally remained unchanged to 0. When the concentration of plant carbon black was 2 mg/mL, the adsorption rate of every test group could reach 100%, and the desorption rate was 0. At the same time, The adsorption capacity of carbon black on the tested bacteria gradually decreased. Therefore, it could be determined that plant carbon black had a good adsorption effect on common aquatic pathogens, and its inhibitory effect on freshwater pathogens was stronger than that of seawater pathogens.

Storage & Processing

Study on the purification technology and antibacterial activity of total tannins from Magnolia officinalis

YANG Min, XI Jun-wei

2023, 62(6):  129-134.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.024

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The extraction process of total tannins from Magnolia officinalis was optimized by response surface design and further purified. The results showed that the best extraction process for total tannins from Magnolia officinalis was the ratio of material to liquid of 1∶13, extraction time of 100 min, ethanol concentration of 80% and ultrasonic power of 80 W. The total tannins extracted from Magnolia officinalis was 0.181 0 mg/g, which was not far from the theoretical value of 0.188 8 mg/g. The optimum purification process of total tannins from Magnolia officinalis by gelatin solution precipitation was studied by an orthogonal test. When the specific gravity of concentrated solution was 1.5 mg/mL, the concentration of gelatin solution was 4%, and the amount of gelatin solution added was 8 mL/100 mg, the total tannins extracted from Magnolia officinalis was 2.743 mg/g. The antibacterial activities of total tannins against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were compared by the minimum inhibitory concentration method. The results showed that the total tannins from Magnolia officinalis had certain antibacterial activity.

Detection Analysis

Effects of different barrels curing treatments on chemical composition and aroma quality of cigar wrapper

LIU Feng-feng, FANG Xin, YU Zi-lin, LI Lin-lin, TAN Zai-yu, YE Ming-qiao, HUANG You-yi, PAN Yong

2023, 62(6):  135-141.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.025

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In order to enhance the quality and style characteristics of the cigar wrapper, the study investigated the effects of different quality wooden barrels curing treatments on the physicochemical and sensory qualities of the cigar wrapper. The cigar wrapper was placed in cedar barrels, 1916 oak barrels, and whiskey oak barrels for maintenance, and identified the sensory quality, chemical composition, and volatile substances of the cured cigar wrapper were indentified. The results showed that cedar barrels had a great effect on improving the sensory quality of cigars, and increasing the total sugar content, olefins and alcohols content, as well as the quantity and content of volatile components, which could help to improve the quality of cigars.

Detection and risk assessment of Pb in tea in Xinyang City

LIANG Shao-ru, DANG Yong-chao, ZHAO Feng-hua, JIANG Shuang-feng, ZHENG Jie, FU Qun-ying, WANG Xiao

2023, 62(6):  142-146.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.026

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In order to explore the relationship between technology, raw materials, and Pb content in tea, as well as the safety level of Pb content in tea in Xinyang City, 193 tea samples were collected from 2013 to 2020 for testing and analysis, and the Target Hazard Quotient （THQ） model was used to evaluate the health risks of Pb intake from tea. The results showed that in 193 tea samples from Xinyang City, the detection rate of heavy metal Pb was 78.76%. The Pb content in all samples was 0~4.98 mg/kg, with an average Pb content of 0.62 mg/kg. The overall level was relatively low, and the Pb content in all test samples did not exceed the standard. The detection rate of Pb in Xinyang black tea was higher than that in Xinyang Maojian. There was no significant difference in Pb content between Xinyang Maojian and Xinyang black tea, as well as between single bud tea and one-bud one/two-leaf tea. The target risk coefficients for Pb consumption in Xinyang tea by adult men, adult women, and children were 0~0.235 8, 0~0.280 6, and 0~0.540 7, respectively, indicating that Pb in Xinyang tea didn’t pose significant health risks.

Intake levels and health risk assessment of five heavy metals in coffee peel of residents in Yunnan Province

LIU Chao, LI Shu-zhen, DUAN Li-na, YANG Yan, YUAN Li-ying, ZHANG Shao-long, CAO Ping-bo

2023, 62(6):  147-151.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.027

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30 coffee peel samples were collected from five major coffee producing areas in Yunnan Province, including Baoshan City, Pu'er City, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Lincang City, and Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture. The content of lead, total arsenic, cadmium, total mercury, and chromium was measured. At the same time, a field survey was conducted on the consumption of coffee peel among 495 residents in Yunnan Province, and the intake levels and potential risks of five heavy metals were evaluated. The results showed that the daily intake of five heavy metals in the coffee peel of residents in Yunnan Province was lower than the evaluation value. Under P₉₅, the daily intake of lead, total mercury, cadmium, total arsenic, and chromium were 0.034 00, 0.001 90, 0.009 60, 0.018 00, and 0.046 00 μg/kg, and the results were all lower than their respective evaluation values, indicating that the risk of the five heavy metals ingested through coffee peel to human health was at an acceptable level. The contribution rates of daily intake of five heavy metals and daily intake under P₉₅ were chromium>lead>total arsenic>cadmium>total mercury. The contribution rates of daily intake of chromium, lead, and total arsenic and daily intake under P₉₅ were 93.35% and 89.49%, respectively. The daily intake of heavy metals such as lead, total arsenic, cadmium, total mercury, and chromium in the coffee peel of residents in Yunnan Province was generally low. It was recommended to further conduct health risk assessments of heavy metals for consumer groups of key regions.

Agricultural Engineering

Design example of rural household waste treatment process——Taking Dengfeng City, Henan Province as an example

ZHAO Ren-zhong, ZHANG Xiu-li, LIU Xiao-chan, CHEN Yong, ZHOU Xiang-ming, SONG Qiang-long, PEI Yi-kun

2023, 62(6):  152-156.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.028

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In order to improve the rural living environment and optimize waste treatment methods, the composition and soil characteristics of rural household waste at a waste treatment site in Dengfeng City, Henan Province were studied, and waste classification was carried out through three steps： preliminary sorting, secondary sorting, and deep sorting. The waste obtained from each step was recycled, and the final product, fine residue soil, was used to prepare organic fertilizer. This waste treatment process processed an average of 60 tons of rural household waste per day, effectively solving the problem of 40 to 60 tons of daily household waste treatment in ordinary towns.After resource utilization, glass, clothes, metal, tires, rubber shoes, wood, etc. could be recycled on average every day, and could be used to produce briquette fuel, plastic particles, plastics, organic fertilizers, etc. This waste treatment process utilized rural household waste reasonably, which had good ecological and economic benefits.

Information Engineering

Extraction and pattern analysis of dike-pond based on Gaofen-2 satellite image

JIANG Hai-tao, ZHOU Jin-hao, LI Xin-ru, LIN Jing-hua, HUANG Shao-fang, LIU Hou-hai, ZHONG Zhi-yi

2023, 62(6):  157-162.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.029

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For the purpose of analyzing the dike-pond pattern in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the rule-based classification method to extract the dike-pond from GF-2 satellite image was used. Then the dike-pond pattern was measured through Weighted Aggregation and Closeness （WAC） metric. The results showed that the overall accuracy of extraction was 92.25% by sample point test, and 80.25% by sample region test. The sample region test could capture the difference in different dike-pond types, and was more suitable than the sample point test to assess the accuracy of high-resolution images classification. The extraction result showed that there were 14.06 km² dike-ponds in Longjiang Town. Among them regular ponds accounted for 58.46%, mainly distributed in the central and northern parts of the town. Their pattern exhibited compactness, which was convenient for expanding aquaculture and then increasing income. Irregular ponds accounted for 41.54%, mainly distributed in the eastern and western parts of the town. Their pattern was less compact, which was conducive to planting and promoted water-land interaction.

Development path of rural governance community from the perspective of digital technology

YU Chen-xi, WANG Yi-xi

2023, 62(6):  163-168.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.030

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Based on interest compatibility, the rural governance community was characterized by diversified participation, organic interaction and mutual benefit. It was pluralistic in subject participation, sharing in value orientation, and orderly in governance process. Digital technology promoted the construction of the rural governance community by integrating rural social interest chains, empowering rural governance processes and updating rural governance fields, so as to realize the deep integration of digital technology and rural governance. In the process of the development of rural governance community, governments should reshape the concept of data governance, change the traditional governance paradigm, lay out the data governance platform, and improve the governance legal system and other ways to further realize the platform governance pattern of multiple subjects in rural society.

Biological Engineering

Development and validation of a tightly linked KASP marker for the rice brown planthopper resistance gene Bph43

DENG Zhao, WANG Kai, DU Bo, ZHU Li-li, YANG Yuan-zhu, CHEN Rong-zhi

2023, 62(6):  169-174.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.031

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To promote the application of Bph43 in the breeding of rice varieties resistant to brown planthopper,on the basis of fine mapping of Bph43 in the early stage, the Bph43 gene donor parent IRGC 8678 was resequenced. By conducting SNP mutation site analysis with the Japanese reference genome and 3 000 rice sequencing public database resources, the study designed and developed Bph43 tightly linked interval specific KASP markers （K_11674982, K_11775428, and K_11856768）. The validation results of 66 natural populations of rice and 200 BC₁F₂ hybrid progeny showed that the three developed KASP markers were codominance markers, and the genotype analysis results of the markers were completely consistent with the phenotype of brown planthopper resistance, which could specifically and accurately detect whether there was Bph43 gene in rice. The Bph43 KASP marker developed based on SNP loci could be used to explore new germplasm carrying the Bph43 gene and molecular marker assisted selection breeding for resistance to brown planthopper.

The effect of different concentrations of Hoagland nutrient solution on the growth and development of blueberry young trees

YANG Hai-yan, WANG Hua-sheng, WU Wen-long, LYU Lian-fei, FAN Su-fan, LI Wei-lin

2023, 62(6):  175-180.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.032

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One year old saplings of the blueberry variety ‘Star’ （Vaccinium spp.） were used as experimental materials. The plants were treated with water （control treatment）, 50% Hoagland nutrient solution （A treatment）, 100% Hoagland nutrient solution （B treatment）, and 150% Hoagland nutrient solution （C treatment） for 60 days. The effects of different concentrations of Hoagland nutrient solution on plant growth, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant system were measured.The results showed that under treatment A, B, and C, the plant height and stem diameter of blueberry saplings were higher than those of the control. On the 15th day, treatment C had the highest plant height and stem diameter, while on the 45th and 60th days, treatment A had the highest plant height and stem diameter, and treatment B had the highest crown width;on the 60th day, the chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, and total chlorophyll content of treatment A, B, and C were higher than those of the control treatment;the production rate of superoxide anion showed an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing with time, and the H₂O₂ content showed an overall upward trend with time. On the 60th day, the superoxide anion production rate, H₂O₂ content, and MDA content of treatment A were all the lowest;the SOD enzyme activity showed an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing with time, reaching its highest value on the 30th day;the content of soluble protein and AsA showed an overall upward trend during the experimental period, while the content of GSH showed a first decrease and then an upward trend.

Genome wide analysis of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL） gene family from Senna tora

ZHAO Yong-yang, CHEN Wei-jia, DING Jing-feng, AO Yi-heng, FENG Ao, ZHOU Jia-yu

2023, 62(6):  181-186.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.033

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Using tools such as HMMER, Pfam, and SMART, 26 PAL （phenylalanine ammonia lyase） sequences were screened from different species such as Senna tora, and analyzed for bioinformatics. The results showed that the basic characteristics of the PAL gene family of Senna tora had been formed before the isolation of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, and the six PAL members were divided into three subclasses. The secondary structure of the members of the PAL gene family of Senna tora was mainly composed of α-helixes and irregular curls, containing higher Ala, Ser, and Leu residues; there were 16 different conservative motifs, among which motif12 （containing the catalytic key sequence Ala Ser Gly） appeared in all PAL members; the promoter region contained many elements for light response, plant hormone response, and stress response. Further GO, transcriptome, and Pearson analyses had also reinforced the above analysis results, indicating that members of the PAL gene family of Senna tora were mostly concentrated in light-sensitive tissues such as leaves, stems, and flowers, and participated in diverse biological processes such as drought resistance and antibacterial activities. The above analysis results would provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent functional study of the PAL gene of Senna tora and the screening of stress resistant functional genes.

Economy & Management

Construction and empirical analysis of government micro-blog influence evaluation system

LIANG Yong-kang, HE Xiu-ping, SONG Kuo, ZHANG Wei-feng

2023, 62(6):  187-191.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.034

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Based on the two roles of the information communication media and the social network platform of the government micro-blog,an evaluation system covering 14 measurement indicators was constructed from four dimensions of breadth, creativity, initiative and participation. Through the empirical analysis of 15 types data of Sina government micro-blog, the operability of the model was verified. The results showed that the “four-dimensional” evaluation model was operable. Except for the breadth, the trend of changes in the other three dimensions was generally consistent with the trend of comprehensive influence changes.

Research on the efficiency measurement of farmers’ professional cooperatives under the dual-carbon target： Based on Super-SBM and Malmquist-Luenberger model

WANG Xiao, WU Qing-yun, LI Zhong-hua, FENG Jian

2023, 62(6):  192-198.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.035

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Considering environmental factors, the carbon emissions of farmers’ professional cooperatives were taken as the undesired output. Firstly, the Super-SBM model was used to measure the comprehensive technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of farmers’ professional cooperatives in 29 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government） in China from 2014 to 2019. Then the Global Malmquist-Luenberger index model was used to measure green total factor productivity, technological progress index and technical efficiency change index. The results showed that the comprehensive technical efficiency level of farmers’ professional cooperatives was low, which was mainly caused by the low pure technical efficiency; the pure technical efficiency and green total factor productivity of the eastern region were significantly higher than those of the central and western regions; the green total factor productivity of farmers’ professional cooperatives showed an increasing trend, which was mainly due to the increase of technical efficiency, while the technological progress had a slight downward trend. On the basis of the above conclusions, the corresponding policy suggestions were put forward in order to promote the green and high-quality development of farmers’ professional cooperatives and improve production efficiency.

Research on industry-city fusion effect in Shanxi Province：Taking agriculture valley-university town-research institute fusion as an example

WU Han-bing, LIU Hao, XU Dong-mei

2023, 62(6):  199-207.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.036

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Based on Shanxi agriculture valley construction background, combined with agriculture valley-university town-research institute fusion status in Shanxi Province, the relevant personnel was selected for the interview survey, the factors of economy, social culture, human resources and policy support of agriculture valley-university town-research institute and the fusion effect of agriculture valley-university town-research institute were evaluated. The structural equation model was constructed to explore the relationship between the effects of the fusion development of agriculture valley-university town-research institute in Shanxi Province, and to analyze the industry-city fusion effect of the agricultural valley in Shanxi Province. The results showed that the fusion development of agriculture valley-university town-research institute was linked with economy, social culture, human resources and government support, and the path coefficients were 0.666,0.875,0.748 and 0.955, respectively. The fusion development of agriculture valley-university town-research institute in Shanxi Province could be further facilitated through the regional economy drive, social culture promotion, human resources agglomeration and government-led development.

Research on game behavior and governance path of farmland conversion in Hubei Province

HUANG Qi, CHEN Zhen

2023, 62(6):  208-213.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.037

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With a problem-oriented approach, dynamic game theory was used to analyze the game behavior of individuals and units using land and county level natural resource management department in the process of farmland conversion. Based on the analysis conclusions, a path for farmland conversion in Hubei Province was proposed. The results showed that due to the lack of effective standard constraints such as non-standard agricultural land use policies and non-standard law enforcement procedures, the combination of game strategies between individuals and units using land and county level natural resource management department were prone to negative performance of duties, illegal occupation of farmland. To solve this problem, it could be considered standardizing policy regulations, discovery methods, and investigation and determination procedures, supervision and law enforcement procedures, and reporting and appeal channels to further improve the farmland conversion management system in Hubei Province.

Study on the influence of social integration on the urban entrepreneurial behavior of migrant workers

ZHANG Jian, ZHANG Heng, XU Xiu-mei

2023, 62(6):  214-218.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.038

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Using the data of China Migrant Dynamic Survey （CMDS） in 2017, the influences of social integration on the urban entrepreneurial behavior of migrant workers were analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between social integration and urban entrepreneurial behavior of migrant workers; economic, cultural and psychological integration had a significant positive impact on urban entrepreneurial behavior, but the effects of behavioral integration were not significant; in terms of entrepreneurial types, there was a significant positive correlation between social integration and urban opportunistic entrepreneurship of migrant workers, but no significant relationship between social integration and urban survival entrepreneurship; further analysis showed that for migrant workers of different mobility types, there was a significant positive correlation between social integration and urban entrepreneurial behavior of inter-provincial migrant workers, while the relationship was not significant in intra-provincial migrant workers.

Research on the measure and spatial difference of the agricultural green development level in Hubei Province

YU Ling, JIAN Ding, LI Xing, GUO You-dong

2023, 62(6):  219-225.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.039

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According to the survey results of core green resources in agricultural production in Hubei Province from 2006 to 2018, the agricultural green development level was evaluated in 2012, which had the most significant changes in water resources and cultivated land soil. The Entropy method was used to carry out empirical research about the difference of agricultural green development level among 13 prefecture level cities （autonomous prefectures） in Hubei Province. The three first-grade indexes of agricultural green resources, agricultural green production and agricultural green new deal were analyzed and evaluated. Meanwhile, the spatial difference of the agricultural green development level among Eastern,Central and Western Hubei was analyzed.The results showed that the level of agricultural green development was higher in the West and lower in the East, and the difference was obvious. Central Hubei had good natural resource conditions, and Eastern Hubei had excellent performance in agricultural green production.There was a small gap in the overall level of agricultural green production among the three regions, but there was a large gap in the overall level of the agricultural green new deal. On this basis, suggestions on improving agricultural green development were put forward for different regions,in order to provide basic information for formulating agricultural green development policies.

The evolution and influencing factors of the temporal and spatial differences of county economy in less developed river basin：Taking the Lancang River Basin in Yunnan Province as an example

WU Yan, WU Ying-mei

2023, 62(6):  226-232.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.040

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Taking the counties of the Lancang River Basin as the basic unit of the research and the GDP per capita as the measurement index, a combination of mathematical statistical analysis and exploratory spatial data analysis （ESDA） was used to study and analyze the temporal and spatial patterns of economic differences in the counties of the Lancang River Basin from 1998 to 2018, and at the same time the spatial heterogeneity of its influencing factors through geographically weighted regression was explored. The results showed that the absolute difference in the economic development of the counties in the Lancang River Basin had shown an expanding trend in the past two decades, the relative differences had fluctuated and declined, and the differences in regional economic levels had been obvious; the county economy of the Lancang River Basin had obvious spatial correlation, but the spatial correlation fluctuated with time, and the economic correlation was weak; the county economy had obvious spatial differentiation characteristics, and there were obvious characteristics of temporal and spatial evolution. The significant “low-low” agglomeration area was located in the southwest and northwestern part of the study area, and the “high-high” agglomeration area only included two counties of Dali City and Binchuan County. The dual pressure of society and nature restricted the economic development of the Lancang River Basin.

Study on the effect of agricultural mechanization level on grain yield：Based on the intermediary effect of grain sown area

LI Chun-ting, ZENG Jing

2023, 62(6):  233-239.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.041

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The total power of agricultural machinery in each province （city） year was taken as the explanatory variable, the grain sown area was used as the intermediary variable, the grain output was used as the explained variable, the proportion of rural population, amount of agricultural fertilizer application, plastic film use, effective irrigation area, amount of agricultural diesel use and expenses on agriculture, water conservance and forestry were selected as control variables, and the national interprovincial panel data from 2007 to 2019 were studied using SPSS 23.0 software. The results showed that the total power of agricultural machinery and the grain sown area had significant positive effects on the total grain output; the grain sown area played a complete intermediary role between the total power of agricultural machinery and the grain yield. Accordingly, countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to improve the level of agricultural mechanization and its application effect, promote the expansion of grain planting area, improve grain production efficiency, increase grain output and improve quality and efficiency through diversified expansion of innovation channels.

Analysis on the demand motivation and path choice of the evolution of fresh electronic commerce model

ZHAO Jing

2023, 62(6):  240-245.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.042

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Fresh e-commerce is growing up with the development of Internet shopping. In essence, market economy is a socialized mass production centered on meeting the needs of consumers. The study of the internal power and path selection of the evolution of the fresh e-commerce model based on the demand perspective is particularly important. The research showed that the evolution process of the fresh e-commerce model was to meet consumer demand, adapt to consumer demand and better meet consumer demand. The development of Chinese fresh e-commerce had gone through three stages of gradual formation, whole explosion and exploration development, from single vertical e-commerce model to multi-model coexistence. The post-2020 epidemic era had further cultivated consumers’ online fresh shopping habits, and the multi-dimensional, hierarchical and stepped characteristics of fresh demand were more obvious. Under the demand-driven, fresh e-commerce would be divided into three types of high-end quality type, medium-end expansion type and mass scale type. Therefore, it was suggested that fresh e-commerce should combine their own reality to seriouly plan and accurately position, and choose the appropriate evolution path.

Rural Revitalization

Social isolation, loneliness and happiness of rural residents

WANG Jin, SHI Ming-cong

2023, 62(6):  246-251.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.043

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Based on China Family Panel Studies（CFPS）data in 2018, the relationship between social isolation, loneliness and happiness of rural residents was analyzed. The robustness test of the effect relationship among the three was performed by using the propensity value matching and structural equation model. The results showed that social isolation could significantly improve the loneliness and reduce the happiness of rural residents; loneliness played a partial intermediary role in the relationship between social isolation and happiness of rural residents, that was, social isolation reduced individual happiness by improving loneliness; through the heterogeneity analysis of rural residents with different family income levels, it was concluded that the impact of social isolation on happiness of low-income groups was far less than that of medium and high-income groups. Based on this, the government should introduce relevant policies to prevent the social isolation and loneliness of rural residents in advance, improve the quality of social capital of rural residents, ensure good social relations and social networks, and reduce the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the happiness of rural residents.

The governance logic of the grass-roots government under the garbage sorting policy： A case study on Z Town, Y City

SHI Yu-hong, QI Di

2023, 62(6):  252-257.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.044

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Using the example of Z Town in Y City, a combination of unstructured interviews, participant observation and literature review was used to explore the governance logic used by the grass-roots government in Z Town to implement waste separation policies. The results showed that there were some problems in the implementation of the garbage sorting policy in Z Town, such as lack of policy publicity and improper operation. According to the specific situation, the local grass-roots government flexibly solved the problem and implemented the policy by transferring the policy target and winning the sympathy of villagers. Therefore, the grass-roots governance needed to combine the actual social situation and start from the perspective of the people in order to effectively implement policies.