Table of Content

25 January 2021, Volume 60 Issue 2

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Reviews

Research status of common Chinese herbal medicine Cynodon dactylon （L.）Pers.

LI Wen-li, CHEN Yong, WEI Jiang-cun, LIU Qian-qian, LIANG Xiao-lian, LIU Wen-jun

2021, 60(2):  5-8.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.001

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Cynodon dactylon （L.）Pers. has the functions of clearing heat and diuresis, dispersing blood stasis and hemostasis, relaxing channels and activating collaterals, and is widely distributed, and has broad prospects for development and utilization. This paper summarized the research status of the confusing products, chemical composition, pharmacologicaleffects and application, in order to provide the basis for the further development and utilization of this herb.

Research progress on herbalism,chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of different medicinal parts of Poria cocos

ZHANG Chao-wei, ZHANG Yu, SU Shan, CHEN Lei

2021, 60(2):  9-14.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.002

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Through sorting out the herbalism ancient books and records and modern documents, the studies on herbalism, chemical components and pharmacological effects of different medicinal parts of Poria cocos were summarized, providing references for the in-depth study on the efficacy characteristics and mechanism of different medicinal parts of Poria cocos.

Analysis on the progress of agricultural big data application research

HAN Sha, MA De-xin

2021, 60(2):  15-19.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.003

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With the rapid development of network information technology, “Internet +” has become an important assistant leading the industrial upgrading, and the traditional extensive agricultural production model is gradually shifting towards intensive, precise, intelligent and data-oriented. The application of big data in the agricultural field is of great practical significance to the integration of agricultural informationization and agricultural modernization in China. The article uses literature review method, summarizes the research progress of agricultural big data at home and abroad, analyzes the application direction of agricultural big data, and points out the problems and challenges of current development.

Breeding & Cultivation

Effects of sowing dates on the growth process, yield and rice quality of Zhenzhunuo

DUAN Bin, HU Yang, HE Shi-jie, WANG Qing-lin, LI Hui-long, SONG Xiao-hua, CHEN Long, FANG Ling

2021, 60(2):  20-24.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.004

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In order to study the effect of sowing time on the growth process, yield and rice quality of Zhenzhunuo, through the experiment of sowing by stages （April 20, April 27, May 4, May 11, May 18, May 25, June 1） from 2018 to 2019, to determine the best sowing time of the variety, and promote the development of glutinous rice industry in Xinyang area. The results showed that with the delay of sowing time, the stages from seeding to heading shortened, the filling and ripening stage prolonged, the number of leaves decreased and the plant became shorter. Yield first increased and then decreased with the delay of sowing time. At the sowing dates of April 27, May 4 and May 11, the number of effective panicles, spikelets per panicle, setting percentage and 1 000 grain weight were all kept at relatively high levels, with the highest yield on May 4. Brown rice percentage and milled rice percentage showed a trend of decreasing first, then increasing and then decreasing, head rice percentage showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. Except for sown on April 27 and May 4, the gel consistency decreased slightly, the other sowing dates were all 100.0 mm, the alkali spreading value increased with the delay of sowing date; amylose content did not change before May 4, and then decreased with the delay of sowing. The amylose content in rice quality was most affected by temperature, and was extremely significant correlated with the daily average temperature during the filling period. In Xinyang area, it is beneficial to increase the yield and improve the quality to arrange the sowing date in a suitable range.

Comparative study on the production of differentrice varieties introduced from China in the republic of Burundi

LIU Kai-qiang, CHEN Lei, HUANG Yu-yi, GAO Li-jun, GAO Guo-qing, PAN Ying-hua

2021, 60(2):  25-30.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.005

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To provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the popularization and application of rice varietiesintroduced from China, the yield and its components of rice cultivars were evaluated through multi-variety, multi-year and multi-point screening and identification tests in Burundi. The results showed that the yield of Chinese rice varieties was higher than that of local rice varieties, revealing that they had good ecological adaptability, and hybrid rice varieties had a significant effect on yield increase compared with conventional rice varieties. Hybrid rice varieties were suitable for planting in low-altitude areas, while conventional rice varieties were suitable for medium-high altitude areas. The transplanting rice had a higher yield than the rice using the drilling and broadcasting sowing technique. Meanwhile, water-saving cultivation had a higher yield than local cultivation in Burundi. Two rice varieties （hybrid rice Teyou 649 and conventional rice Guifeng No.2） suitable for the large-scale popularization and application in Burundi were screened out, and the overall rice yield level in Burundi could be further improved by combining with the advanced and appropriate cultivation methods.

Study on the seedling growth of maize plants under the model of “Raising geese in cornfields”

ZHOU Jin-mei, BIAN Bu-yun, LI Ping, ZHU Yan-li

2021, 60(2):  31-34.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.006

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In order to clarify the effects of different production modes on the growth of maize at seedling stage, the weed community status and maize status at seedling stage were investigated and analyzed by using the method of contrast with the production mode of breeding goose （RGC） in corn field. The results showed that the above ground biomass of weed communities was slightly lower than that of CK, and there was no significant difference between treatments. The leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of maize of RGC treatment were higher than that of control （CK）, and there was no significant difference between the treatments, but plant height of the RGC treatment was significantly higher than the CK, and the chlorophyll content of the RGC was significantly lower than that of the CK, however, the maize yield of RGC was significantly lower than that of CK. After 4 years of long-term positioning tests, the treatment of RGC increased the species and biomass of the weed community, and improved the growth of the maize at the seedling stage in general, the final reduction of corn yield in autumn was due to later management factors.

Resource & Environment

Analysis on spatio-temporal difference of tourism carbon emissions in northwest China

SUN Hai-xia, SU Ning-na

2021, 60(2):  35-43.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.007

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Based on the three main aspects of tourism industry, tourism transportation, tourism accommodation and activities of the scenic spot, the bottom-up analysis method was used to calculate the tourism carbon emissions in the northwest region from 2000 to 2017 and the provinces in 2000, 2008, and 2017. Per capita carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of tourism industry were calculated, and their temporal and spatial differences were analyzed. The results showed that from 2000 to 2017, total carbon emissions of tourism industry showed a fluctuating growth trend, while per capita carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of the tourism industry showed a fluctuating downward trend, indicating that the development of low-carbon tourism in this region was gradually emerging; From 2000 to 2017, there was a significant gap in the carbon emissions and growth rates of the three aspects of tourism industry in the northwest region. The carbon emissions of tourism transportation had always been in an absolute dominant position, and the carbon emissions of tourism accommodation and tourism activities accounted for a relatively small proportion. While the growth rate of tourism activities was the largest, which was 7.75 times larger than the tourism transportation. The carbon emissions of the three aspects changed from 90.12%, 9.23% and 0.65% in 2000 to 90.05%, 5.97% and 3.98% in 2016; There were significant spatial differences in the carbon emission level of tourism industry in northwest region. The overall carbon emissions of tourism in each province （regions） were gradually evolving to high-emissions areas. Except for Qinghai province, the per capita carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of tourism in other provinces （regions） showed a trend of transformation from high to low.

Characteristics analysis and annual assessment of main agro-meteorological disasters in Qingyang city

HAN Jing, ZHANG Mou-cao, LU Ya-qi, ZHANG Hong-fen, CAO Yan-chao

2021, 60(2):  44-49.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.008

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Based on the disaster data of many years in Qingyang city, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of agro-meteorological disasters were analyzed, and the disaster rate and its standardized value were used to carry out the classification and annual assessment of agro-meteorological disasters. The results showed that the main agro-meteorological disasters were hail, rainstorm, flood, drought and low-temperature freeze damage in Qingyang city, which were affected by agro-meteorological disasters in different degrees every year; The number of meteorological disasters was less in autumn and winter, and more in spring, summer and early autumn. The meteorological disasters were mainly concentrated in April to September, and more obvious in June to August; The agricultural disasters caused by drought were the most serious, followed by hail disaster, rainstorm flood and low-temperature freeze disaster were the least; The agricultural meteorological disaster in tableland area was relatively less, the degree of disaster was relatively light, and the weather phenomenon in mountains area was complex, and the degree of disaster was serious; The degree of agricultural disaster caused by hail disaster was all below the level of major disaster, and the extreme degree of rainstorm flood, drought and low-temperature freeze disaster was obvious, and the frequency of light disaster year was the most in the annual assessment.

Distribution characteristics of summer resort tourism climate resources in mountain of Xianning city

WEI Hua-bing, LI Lei, LUO Yu, XING Li-tian, WU Dong-qiao, WANG Fen-fen, TANG Zi-jun

2021, 60(2):  50-55.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.009

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Based on the summer meteorological data of regional automatic meteorological stations and Jinsha town, Tongshan county and Tongcheng county national meteorological observation stations in Xianning city, the distribution of monthly average temperature, relative humidity and wind speed with altitude in the mountain area in the south of Xianning city was analyzed. According to the relevant research on the evaluation of mountain type summer resort tourism climate resources, two basic climate evaluation indexes suitable for the summer resort tourism climate resources in mountain of Xianning city were put forward. According to the study of the distribution of meteorological element values with the change of altitude, it was concluded that the summer resort tourism climate resources in Xianning city were mainly distributed in the mountainous areas with the altitude of more than 800 meters in the middle and south, and more than 1 000 meters in the south. The summer resort tourism climate resources were better.

Change characteristics of seasonally frozen soil and its response to climatic factor

JIA Chao, XIANG Dao, GUO Feng-juan, LI Hong-ying

2021, 60(2):  56-60.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.010

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The local climatic data from 1962 to 2018 in the Eighth Agricultural Division of Xinjiang was used to analyze the freezing beginning period, thawing period and persistent period of frozen earth, and the relationship between the maximum depth variation trend of the frozen earth and the climatic factors. The results indicated that seasonally frozen soil of reclamation area in the Eighth Agricultural Division of Xinjiang was stable from November to March of the next year, and the frozen earth was the deepest in the first and middle ten-day of February; The inclination rate at the freezing beginning period was 1.12 d/10 years, with the linear backward about 6 d; The inclination rate at the thawing period was -1.42 d/10 years, with the linear forward about 8 d; The inclination rate at the persistent period was -1.36 cm/10 years, with the linear shortening about 8 d; The inclination rate of the maximum depth of frozen soil was -8.09 cm/10 years, with the linear decreased by 46 cm. The maximum depth change of frozen soil was significantly correlated with air temperature, rainfall, and snow depth at the same period. For every 1 ℃ increase in air temperature from November to March of the next year, the layer of frozen soil became about 4.0 cm shallower; For every 10 mm increase in precipitation, the layer of frozen soil became about 2.5 cm shallower; For every 1 cm increase in snow depth in January, the layer of frozen soil became about 0.7 cm shallower. The layer of seasonally frozen soil became shallow gradually, and the shortening of the frozen soil period had a direct relation with the climate warming.

Modelling carbon accumulation process in peatlands for nearly 200 years, Changbai mountain

LI Jia-xin

2021, 60(2):  61-65.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.011

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Based on the peat profile data of ²¹⁰Pb fixed years in Changbai mountain area in recent 200 years, the carbon input rate （p） and decomposition rate （k） in the aerobic decomposition process of active layer peat were estimated by using different decomposition models （single exponential decomposition model, double exponential decomposition model and linear decomposition model） fitting.The effect of p and k on carbon accumulation in peatland was studied by sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the Laolike peat profile in the past 200 years; The organic carbon content varied from 34.4% to 44.8%, and the rate of carbon accumulation （Rate of carbon accumulation, RCA） averaged 79.9 g/（m²·year）. The variation range of organic carbon content in the peat profile of Baijianghe was from 24.4% to 42.5%, and the mean RCA was 62.4 g/（m²·year）. The carbon accumulation massage curves of both profiles were concave, indicating that peat continued to decompose in the past 200 years. Among the three models, the single exponential model had the best fitting effect. According to the simulation results, the carbon input rate of Laolike peatland was 109.940 7 g/（m²·year）, and the decay rate was 0.005 5; Comparatively speaking, the input rate of Baijiang peatland was slightly lower, which was 87.478 8 g/（m²·year）, while the decay rate was faster, which was 0.010 3. Sensitivity analysis showed that under the condition of constant input rate, increasing decay rate will cause the curve to move upward （peat accumulation decreases）; At a constant decomposition rate, a reduction in the input rate would cause the curve to move upwards （a reduction in peat accumulation）. Compared with the decomposition rate, the input rate had more influence on the accumulation of peat.

Risk assessment of heavy rainfall and waterlogging in Shijiazhuang based on road traffic

WEI Jun, CHEN Xiao-juan, HU Hui-fang, ZHANG Jing, LI Ting

2021, 60(2):  66-71.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.012

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Based on the mathematical model of heavy precipitation and waterlogging in Shijiazhuang city, 2, 5, 10, 30, 50, and 100 years for one hour of precipitation are selected to simulate the road waterlogging depth in Shijiazhuang city in 2017. The traffic flow and speed of the vehicle are used to characterize the vulnerability of the waterlogged carrier, and the GIS spatial analysis function is used to complete the risk assessment of road traffic caused by the heavy rainfall waterlogging disaster. The results show that with the increase of the hourly precipitation recurrence period, the area and depth of water accumulation on urban roads increase in varying degrees; Under the rainfall intensity of 2 years, 25.8% of the roads in the urban area have accumulated water, and the average accumulation of water. The water depth is 8.6 cm, and under a rainfall intensity of 100 years, the number of accumulated water grids exceeds 70%, and the accumulated water in the unit grid increases significantly, with an average accumulated water depth of 56.3 cm. The risk assessment of road waterlogging shows that the number of grids in the low-risk area is the highest at 30 years, and the number of grids in the middle-high-risk area increases with the recurrence period.

Study on the patio-temporal characteristics and dynamic mechanism of cultivated land use patterns in Guangxi

LIANG Xiao-li, TU Shuang-shuang, WAN Shi-meng, ZHOU Xing-ying

2021, 60(2):  72-78.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.013

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Based on the current land use of Guangxi in three periods of 1995、2005 and 2015, ArcGIS, Fragstats and SPSS software were combined to quantitatively analyze the patio-temporal characteristics of cultivated land use patterns in Guangxi, reveal the differentiation laws of cultivated land use patterns in different periods and identify the main driving factors. The results showed that： ①During 1995—2015, the total cultivated land area increased in Guangxi , and the time series showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. There was a strong spatial coincidence between the high value center of growth rate of cultivated land in 1995—2005 and the reduction rate in 2005—2015. ② From 1995 to 2005, the newly increased cultivated land mainly came from forest land and grassland, while from 2005 to 2015, some of cultivated land was converted into forest land, grassland and construction land. ③The fragmentation degree of cultivated land landscape first increased and then decreased, and the dominance of connectivity, aggregation and dominant patches in the region first weakened and then increased. ④The evolution of cultivated land use patterns was the result of multiple factors such as terrain conditions, economic development and human intervention. In the range of different topographic relief, the change of cultivated land use had different temporal and spatial characteristics. Regional economic development, urbanization level, farmers' income level, location conditions, the proportion of the primary industry, and the number of rural population were the main driving factors for the change of cultivated land use in Guangxi.

Investigation of selenium content in soil and garlic in Yesanguan town, Badong county

WANG Meng, WANG Wen-xi, DAI Guang-zhong, TAN Hong-ping, XIE Yi-mei, CHEN Tian-tian, LI Xian-min, XING Dan-ying

2021, 60(2):  79-81.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.014

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The selenium enrichment of soil and garlic（Allium sativum L.） samples were investigated at 12 sampling sites in Yesanguan town, Badong county. The results showed that the selenium content of soil, garlic clove, garlic bolt and garlic leaf at the 12 sampling sites was 0.083~2.676, 0.054~0.589, 0.038~0.257 and 0.033~0.152 mg/kg, respectively. The selenium content of garlic cloves, bolls and leaves was different in different soil sampling points. The enrichment of selenium in each garlic clove was the strongest, and the enrichment of selenium in each part of garlic was shown as the garlic clove > garlic bolt > garlic leaf.

Plant Protection

Isolation, identification and control effect of antagonistic bacteria LG-3 of tobacco black shank

ZHANG Xing-bo, GUO Xiao-hong, LIU Yu-zhen, LI Jian-hua, WANG Jing, SUN Xiao-wei, FA Peng-fei, WEI Yue-hui

2021, 60(2):  82-84.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.015

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35 antagonistic strains of tobacco black shank disease were screened from the rhizosphere soil of Xuchang healthy tobacco by the plate confrontation method. By means of control effect test, a strain LG-3 with good control effect on black shank disease of tobacco was obtained. After identification, LG-3 was identified as Arthrobacter nicotianae, and by toxicological analysis, it was found to be a non-toxic strain. It was reported for the first time that Arthrobacter nicotianae, as a biocontrol bacterium, had an antagonistic effect on the pathogenic bacteria of tobacco nigtibia, and the control effect of tobacco nigtibia at the seedling stage can reach 85.59%.

Immobilization conditions for arbutin synthetase

LI Hao, SHENG Xi-qun, LIU Jing, ZHONG Xing

2021, 60(2):  85-89.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.016

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The constructed plasmid containing aglA gene was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 Gold （DE3） to induce its successful expression, and the transglucosidase was synthesized to catalyze the production of α-arbutin. Then the transglucosidase was extracted and purified by ultrasonic crushing technique and nickel ion chromatography column and fixed by sodium alginate-gelatin mixture so that it could be reused. The optimum immobilization conditions were as follows： A mixture of colloid dissolved in pH 7 with 3.0% sodium alginate and 3.0% gelatin was prepared. The solution was titrated at a height of about 45 cm and pre-cooled at 4 ℃ by 300 g/L calcium chloride solution and immobilized for 20 min. After washing, calcification was performed at -20 ℃ for 50 min to obtain immobilized beads with a diameter of 3.97 mm and a mass of 0.311 g.

Comparison of trapping effects of Empoasca onukii Matsuda and Apolygus lucorum with different treatment

CHENG Yi-fang, YANG Wei, LUO Jing-dong, YANG Xiao-juan, TANG Qian-yong

2021, 60(2):  90-92.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.017

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Using different treatment to trap Empoasca onukii Matsuda and Apolygus lucorum, the results showed that digital sticky trap and yellow sticky trap to control Empoasca onukii Matsuda and green sticky trap to prevent Apolygus lucorum, the summary of injurious insects occurrence in Xiangyang city.

Horticulture & Local Products

Quality and benefit analysis of cherry facilities and open-field cultivation in Luoyang

YUE Hui-xin, CHEN Di-xin, WU Hao, FU Han-jun, YANG Ying-jun

2021, 60(2):  93-95.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.018

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The phenological period, fruit quality and economic benefit of cherry cultivated in plastic greenhouse and open field in Luoyang were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the dormancy end time of Hongdeng, Zaodaguo, Zaohongbaoshi and Meizao varieties cultivated in plastic greenhouse was January 5, germination and maturity were 65 days and 15~35 days earlier, respectively. The weight of single fruit increased significantly, the unit price was 120 yuan/kg, the yield per plant was 5~10 kg, and the income was 3~5 times of that of open field cultivation.

Application of biodegradable plastic film in flue-cured tobacco production of Qujing tobacco-growing areas

GAO Hua-feng, WANG Quan-hui, YANG Li-ping, QIN Ru-ping, AO Jin-cheng, ZHAO Cui, XIAO Yi-heng

2021, 60(2):  96-99.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.019

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Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the application effect of biodegradable plastic film on flue-cured tobacco production of Qujing tobacco-growing areas with PE plastic film. The results showed that, the effect of biodegradable plastic film on soil moisture retention and temperature preservation was slightly worse than that of PE film, which had adverse effects on soil main nutrients and soil pH value. The black biodegradable plastic film broke 15 days earlier than the white one, and the degradation rate reached 63.73% after 150 days,while the degradation rate of the white biodegradable film reached 55.41%. The white biodegradable plastic film was beneficial to improve the coordination of chemical components in upper and middle tobacco leaves. The bio-degradable plastic film has better degradation performance, which is helpful to improve the coordination of chemical components of tobacco leaves, but the effect of heat preservation and moisture preservation is not good. The effect of white biodegradable plastic film is better than that of black biodegradable plastic film.

Effects of different concentrations of 6-BA on the secondary culture of variant Yunyan 97

ZHANG Li-qiong, CHEN Di, YANG Song-jie, NIE Xiang-tao

2021, 60(2):  100-103.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.020

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Two giant variants of Yunyan 97 were found in Zhenping county, Ankang city, Shaanxi province,compared with the common tobacco, these giant variants have larger growth advantage. It is a good germplasm resource to be preserved by tissue culture and rapid propagation. The effects of 6-BA concentration on the secondary culture of Yunyan 97 were studied by using tissue culture seedlings induced by axillary buds of Yunyan 97 variant as raw materials. The results showed that the suitable differentiation medium for Yunyan 97 variants was MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L, and the third generation medium MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L, under these conditions, the differentiation rate of variant was 88.9%.

Effects of winter cultivation in greenhouse on the anti-freezing effect and fruit quality of citrus

SHI Jiao-jiao, CHEN Yuan-jun, SHI Hong-bin, YUAN Ming-qing, CHENG Gang

2021, 60(2):  104-108.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.021

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Using Tarocco blood oranges were used as materials,a plastic greenhouse was set up in Taroko Blood Orange Garden in winter （December-February of the following year） to study the temperature change and its effects on the quality of citrus fruits. The results showed that the daily minimum temperature in the greenhouse was increased by 0.2~3.6 ℃, and the daily maximum temperature in the greenhouse was also significantly increased by 0.5~10.8 ℃. The diurnal temperature difference in the greenhouse was larger than that outside, and the temperature differences during cold wave and fine weather were more obvious. The coloring effect of Taroko blood orange outside was better than that in greenhouse. The greenhouse effectively increased the edible rate, juice yield, soluble solids and sugar content of Taroko blood orange, decreased the total acid content and increased the solid-acid ratio.

Mechanism of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of arthritis based on network pharmacology

HAN Qian, CHEN Yong, WANG Jing-jing, WEI Jiang-cun, HUANG Zhou-yan, CHEN Liang-ni

2021, 60(2):  109-115.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.022

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The main effective components of Panax notoginseng were retrieved by TCMSP database under the condition of OB > 30% and DL > 0.18; The target of active ingredients was extracted by Drugbank and UniProt database, and the related targets of arthritis were screened by GeneCards and OMIM database;making Veen map of related targets of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of arthritis; Then, we use the software of Cytoscape 3.6.0 and the database of String to draw PPI network diagram and the network control diagram of Panax notoginseng, active ingredient, target gene and arthritis respectively; Finally, R language is used as a tool to screen key targets and analyze their biological processes and important signaling pathways, to study the mechanism of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of arthritis by network pharmacology. The results showed that eight main components of Panax notoginseng were retrieved, including β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and ginsenoside rh2; 131 related targets of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of arthritis; The key targets of Panax notoginseng are mainly involved in protein heterodimerization activity, DNA-binding transcription activator activity,RNA polymerase II-specific,cytokine receptor binding and other biological processes; It is necessary to play a role in the treatment of arthritis through AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complication,fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, Hepatitis B and other important signal pathways.

Aquatic Products

Observation on the embryonic development of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi

YANG Wei, LIAO Hua-jie, HU Cheng-peng, ZHANG Bo, ZENG Rong-Jun, LIU Xiao-Rui, HE Xing-heng

2021, 60(2):  116-118.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.023

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The mature egg of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi was golden yellow, orbicular, sinking. The fertilized egg water fully expanded diameter of the eggs was（3.33±0.24） mm. The embryonic development of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi lasted 235 hours, depending on the embryonic development of the external form and typical characteristics,will be divided into fertilized eggs,blastoderm stage,cleavage stage,blastula,gastrula, neurula stage,organ formation period and incubation consists of eightstages. A full-length film larvae （10.55±0.35） mm.

Water quality changes of flowing water aquaculture pond for Schizothorax grahami fingerling

ZHONG Wen-wu, GAO Hai-tao, LI Guang-hua, WU Jun-jie, YANG Chun-lin

2021, 60(2):  119-122.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.024

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The water quality changes of breeding pond of Schizothorax grahami were investigated in this study,the results provide theoretical support for the breeding and proliferation,disease prevention, conservation of wild population of Schizothorax grahami. The present water quality were studied from October 2017 to September 2018. The monitoring indexwere analyzed by factor analysis method. The results indicated that the relatively poor water quality was June to September of 2018, TN and TP were the main index of affecting water quality; and the water quality of the rest months was relatively good. It was important for monitoring the concentrationchanges of ammonium-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in aquaculture water, the water quality management should be carried out assure good water quality, enhance survival rate and reduce the risk of aquaculture.

Animal Science

Comparative analysis of biological index of Apodemus peninsulae and Apodemus agrarius

XU Chun-yu, WANG Shu-yan, YU Cheng-wen, SU Hang, DONG Shi-peng, JIN Zhi-min

2021, 60(2):  123-125.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.025

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In order to understand the difference in the biological indicators of Apodemus peninsulae and Apodemus agrarius, the two kinds of mice were dissected in the experiment, and the body length, ear length, foot length, tail length and carcass were analyzed.Weight, body weight, visceral weight were measured, compared and analyzed. The results showed that Apodemus peninsulae and Apodemus agrarius had extremely significant differences in body length, ear length, foot length, and tail length （P<0.01）; the heart weights of Apodemus peninsulae and Apodemus agrarius. The difference in spleen weight and lung weight was very significant （P<0.01）, kidney weight was significant （P<0.05）, and liver weight was not significant. The weight difference of Apodemus peninsulae and Apodemus agrarius was not significant, but the difference in body weight was significant （P<0.05）. The difference in body weight between ♀Apodemus peninsulae and ♀Apodemus agrarius was extremely significant （P<0.01）, and the difference in body weight is extremely significant （P<0.01）. ♂Apodemus peninsulae and ♂Apodemus agrarius had significant difference in stomach weight （P<0.05）, and ♀Apodemus peninsulae and ♀Apodemus agrarius had a significant difference in stomach weight （P<0.01）.

The alleviation efficacy of Binhai Cynanchum bungei on high-fat-induced obesity in mice

CHEN Qi-yan, SHI Yun, ZHANG Yan-zhou, HONG Jian

2021, 60(2):  126-129.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.026

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The alleviation efficacy of Cynanchum bungei on high-fat-induced obesity mice was studied. Thirty male mice were randomly divided into three groups, fed control diet （Con）, high-fat diet （HF, 45% energy from fat） and high-fat diet containing with Cynanchum bungei （HBS）. After feeding for 9 weeks, glucose tolerance was tested, body weight and organ weight were measured, plasma concentration of glucose and triglyceride were measured using respective commercial assay kits, HE staining and oil red staining were used to observe the number and size of adipose and muscle cells and the lipid content in liver. The results showed that fed mice with Cynanchum bungei significantly alleviated glucose intolerance. The body weight, brown fat weight, epididymal fat weight, brown fat index and epididymal fat index were significantly （P<0.05） reduced in HBS group, also the concentration of glucose and triglyceride in plasma were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The lipid content in liver and the size of adipocyte were decreased in HBS group.

Storage & Processing

Research on fresh keeping effect of Valeriana officinalis L. essential oil on Summer Black grape

HU Huan-fu, WU De-zhi, LIU Ning, RUAN Bin

2021, 60(2):  130-133.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.027

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Summer Black grape was used as experimental material, the effects of Valeriana officinalis L. essential oil of different concentrations on the flavor quality （titratable acid content, soluble solids）, shelf quality （good fruit percentage, absorption strength, weight loss rate） and texture quality （hardness） of Summer Black grape were studied. The results showed that the treatment of Valeriana officinalis L. essential oil could significantly delay the decrease of titratable acid content, increase the fruit quality, decrease the titratable acid content and soluble solids, and prolong the fruit storage period, the concentration of 0.5% Valeriana officinalis L. essential oil treatment effect was the best.

Optimization of extraction process of total flavonoids in prunus cerasifera by ethanol extraction

CHENG Shi-jing, YU Bo, MAO Bo, XU Xing-xing, LI An-di, LIU Xiao-xia

2021, 60(2):  134-136.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.028

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The extraction process of total flavonoids in prunus cerasifera was optimized in this paper. Crude extracts were extracted by ethanol leaching method. The detection was carried out with an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer. The results showed that different extraction solvent, changing the concentration of extraction solvent, changing the ratio of material to liquid, changing the temperature and extraction time would affect the extraction effect of total flavonoids in prunus cerasifera. When the concentration of ethanol was 70%, the ratio of material to liquid was 1∶45, and the extraction time was 70 min in a constant temperature water bath at 70 ℃, the extraction rate of total flavonoids in prunus cerasifera was the highest, which can reach 8.24%.

Optimization of pickling process and study on aroma substances of taro petiole kimchi

WANG Shen-tong, WANG Li, SUN Min, XU Ping, ZHOU Yi-feng, LUO Xing-wu

2021, 60(2):  137-143.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.029

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Petiole of taro was used as raw material, the colony count and pH in taro pickles were adjusted by preservative, acidity were used as indexes, preservative screening and compound experiment of various preservatives were used to select the best preservative concentration;sensory score was used as the standard, experiment was used to optimize the technology of taro petiole kimchi. The aroma components in taro petiole kimchi were analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （SPME-GC-MS）. The effect of flavor enhancer on the aroma components of taro petiole kimchi was studied. The results showed that the optimum preservative concentration at room temperature was potassium sorbate 0.63 g/kg, sodium dehydroacetate 0.36 g/kg; at low temperature, the optimum preservative concentration was potassium sorbate 0.30 g/kg, sodium dehydroacetate 0.50 g/kg and sodium pyrosulfite 0.02 g/kg; The best flavoring conditions were 0.03 g/kg flavoring agent and 0.60 g/kg potassium sorbate, and the kimchi was not pretreated. A certain amount of flavor enhancer can improve the freshness and flavor of taro petiole pickle. 0.03 g/kg of flavor enhancer contains more esters and alcohols, and the acids are moderate, and the taste is relatively good.

Detection Analysis

Quantitative analysis of volatile phenols from vanillin industrial wastewater

ZHOU Bing, ZHU Lin

2021, 60(2):  144-147.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.030

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The determination of volatile phenol in vanillin industrial wastewater by 4-aminoantipyrine spectrophotometry and GC-MS was studied. The total volatile phenol in waste water was determined by 4-aminoantipyrine photometric method, and then the content of volatile phenol in each component was determined by optimized chromatographic conditions.

Analysis of the residues of organophosphorus pesticides and carbamate pesticides in main fruits

LI Zhen-ya, LIU Xiang-yang, XI Yu-qiang, LIU Jin-yan, LIU Jing-ya, YIN Xin-ming

2021, 60(2):  148-151.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.031

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To explore the pesticide residues in the main fruits produced in Henan province and provide guidance for the safe consumption of fruits, random samples were taken from different fruit markets in Zhengzhou city, and the residues of organophosphorus pesticides （Ops） and carbamate pesticides （CPs） in 10 kinds of fruits were detected using enzyme inhibition method. The results showed that different amount of OPs and CPs residues were detected among different kinds of fruits and different batches of the same fruit. The inhibition rate of cholinesterase by OPs and CPs was in the range of 0 to 75.55% in total of 50 batches of fruits, and the enzyme inhibition rates in 48 batches of fruits were less than 70%, 96% of the samples were in accordance with the agricultural industry standards. Residual pesticides were mainly concentrated in the peel, and the residues of OPs and CPs could be effectively reduced by washing.

Information Engineering

Study on intelligent grid forecast of forest fire risk meteorological grade in Longnan, Gansu province

LIU Li, SU Jun-feng, HUANG Ying-wen

2021, 60(2):  152-157.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.032

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Based on meteorological data of Longnan district three decades from 1981 to 2010 and smart grid service data offered by the Meteorological Center of Gansu province, a smart grid technology was proposed to develop delicacy management and enhance forecasting accuracy of the forest fire danger in Longnan district of Gansu province. The results showed that the meteorological rating map about forest fire danger of Longnan district was created, the prediction results about forest fire hazard can be offered by 0.05 grid of spatial resolution every twenty-four hours in coming 168 hours in Longnan district was obtained. That was very meaningful for preventing the Longnan district from fire disaster and improving the public service work about meteorological security.

Detection and counting of wheat ears based on YOLOv3 network

HAO Wang-li, WEI Pei-yan, HAN Meng, ZHANG Li, XI Rui-ze

2021, 60(2):  158-160.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.033

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Wheat ear detection and counting are very important for wheat yield estimation and breeding. However, traditional wheat ear quantity statistics are based on manual statistical methods or remote sensing prediction methods, which are inefficient and not accurate. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a wheat detection method based on YOLOv3 deep neural network. The results showed that YOLOv3 has achieved an average accuracy mAP value of 67.81% and an accuracy rate of 93% for wheat ear counting on three common wheat varieties, which can quickly and efficiently detect wheat ears in a specific label box.

Economy & Management

Evaluation of agricultural environment in China’s major grain producing areas

YI Xing-hua, HE Miao

2021, 60(2):  161-166.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.034

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Based on PSR model, this study build a comprehensive evaluation indicator system of agricultural environment, during which the entropy method and the optimal osculating value method were used to define the weight of each indicator and to evaluation the agricultural environmental among these areas. The results showed that the major grain producing areas in China have the biggest differences in straw utilization ratio and agricultural machinery training input; under the framework of PSR, the gap in response system was greater than that in state system and pressure system. From 2011 to 2016, the Northeast Plain ranked the highest in terms of agricultural environment, the North China Plain ranked the middle, and the Yangtze River Plain ranked the lowest.

Research on evaluation of agricultural product logistics efficiency in China based on DEA-Malmquist model

LI Jin-hong, LI Jing-jing, LYU Wei

2021, 60(2):  167-172.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.035

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Based on the panel data of 30 provinces （cities and autonomous regions） in China from 2012 to 2018, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of China's agricultural product logistics comprehensive efficiency and total factor productivity by using DEA model and Malmquist index. The results showed that,①static point of view, during the observation period, the overall of agricultural product logistics comprehensive efficiency in China was low, and the trend was “W” shape in time, and the spatial distribution pattern of high in the east, second in the middle and low in the west in space; ②dynamic perspective, from the overall level of the whole country, the total factor productivity of agricultural product logistics was on the rise, and technological progress promoted its increase; from the regional level, the growth rate of total factor productivity showed a pattern of medium fast, west second and east slow; ③the low of pure technical efficiency and slow growth were the key factors restricting the overall development of China's agricultural products logistics industry. Finally, combined with the research results, reasonable suggestions were put forward to improve the efficiency of China's agricultural products logistics.

Effect of rice full cost insurance on farmers' willingness to participate in insurance：Empirical analysis based on 545 rice farmers in Hubei province

CHEN Jun, SHUAI Lang, HU Die

2021, 60(2):  173-179.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.036

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Taking rice insurance as an example, this study used the survey data of 545 rice farmers in four pilot counties and cities of Hubei province, and used the binary logit regression model to analyze the factors influencing farmers’ willingness to participate in the insurance. The results showed that the increase of insurance per hectare, age, the understanding of full cost insurance, the satisfaction with insurance companies’ services, and planting areas had a significant positive impact on farmers’ willingness to participate in insurance. The total premiums increase, farmers’ farming time, education level,disasters proportion and compensation amount per hectare had no significant impact on farmers’ willingness to participate in insurance. Based on the research conclusions, this study put forward countermeasures and suggestions to enhance farmers’ willingness to participate in insurance from three aspects： adjusting the structure of financial support for agriculture, increasing the financial support for policy oriented agricultural insurance; improving the compatibility of agricultural insurance policies, accelerating the establishment of agricultural insurance product system under multiple security levels; encouraging the refinement of agricultural insurance product design, and improving the accuracy of financial subsidies.

Empirical study on the ecological performance of tourism poverty alleviation in mountainous areas of Shangluo city

YANG Ying-juan, LYU Jing-xian, ZHAO Fei-fei

2021, 60(2):  180-183.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.037

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In order to quantitatively evaluate the ecological performance of tourism poverty alleviation in mountainous areas of Shangluo city, the ecological performance evaluation index system of tourism poverty alleviation was constructed from two dimensions of natural ecological environment performance and human ecological environment performance. The ecological performance of tourism poverty alleviation in mountainous areas of Shangluo city was empirically studied by using analytic hierarchy process （AHP） method and fuzzy comprehensive analysis method. The results showed that,the comprehensive evaluation result of the ecological performance of tourism poverty alleviation in mountainous areas of Shangluo city was good, the natural ecological environment performance score tended to be good, and the human ecological environment performance score tended to be medium, which reflected that the adverse impact of tourism poverty alleviation on the natural ecological environment in mountainous areas of Shangluo city was relatively small, and the promotion effect of human ecological environment was not obvious.

The relationship between the rural customary law and the national statutes

HUANG Yu-yang

2021, 60(2):  184-188.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.038

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For a long time, rural customary law played an important role in rural areas with its unique normative content and normative form. New rural construction should not only emphasize the rule of law, but also pay attention to the combination with local customs, otherwise the “one size fits all” governance will become a mere formality and cannot be effectively implemented. In dealing with the problems related to rural areas, we should accurately grasp the conflict between the rural customary law and the national statutes, and strive to realize the interaction and integration between the rural customary law and the national statutes, which will be of great significance to strengthen the construction of the spirit of the rule of law in the new rural areas and the construction of the country ruled by law.

Research on evaluation of green development efficiency of China's marine economy

MEI Yan-tuo, HUANG Ling-hai

2021, 60(2):  189-196.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.039

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This study used the three-stage DEA method to measure the marine economy green development efficiency in 11 coastal areas of China. In the second stage, the influence of environmental factors and random factors were eliminated., and the marine economy green development efficiency of 11 coastal areas in China were analyzed and calculated under relatively fair conditions. The results showed, ①the efficiency value obtained after the introduction of SFA to eliminate environmental variables was more in line with the actual situation; ②the current China’s marine economy green development efficiency was relatively low, and the contradiction between marine economy development and resources and environmental protection was more prominent; ③the marine economy green development efficiency value in Tianjin, Shanghai, Shandong, Guangdong were relatively high, the marine economy green development efficiency value in Liaoning, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian were at the medium level, and the marine economy green development efficiency value in Hebei, Guangxi, Hainan were relatively low; ④the increase of the area of sea area use rights and the number of employment personnel involved in the sea will lead to the decline of production rate, and the increase of marine environmental protection zones was beneficial to the marine economy green development efficiency. Strengthening the effective management of the area of the right to use the sea area, actively adjusting and optimizing the talent structure, and appropriately increasing the number of marine environmental protection zones, may be effective ways to promote the green development of marine economy.

Take “seven paths” to solve the problems of agricultural characteristic industry in Xianning city

LIU Wei, PENG Jing, XU Sheng-wu, WANG Hong-wu, HUANG Hai-hong, DING Kun-ming, YU An-an

2021, 60(2):  197-201.  doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.02.040

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Taking the tea, vegetables, ramie and kiwifruit industries in Xianning city as the breakthrough point, this study made an in-depth investigation and research on the agricultural characteristic industry in Xianning city, and put forward seven paths to solve the problems of agricultural characteristic industry in Xianning city from the aspects of scale, brand, diversification and high quality.