HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Breeding and application of a new two-line hybrid rice combination E Liangyou Yingsi

JIN Wei-bing, NIE Ya-lin, XIA Ming-yuan, SUN Xiao-qiong, QI Hua-xiong, WAN Bing-liang, ZHONG Yu-ping, SHAO Jian, LI Jin-bo

2023, 62(12): 1-3，8. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.001

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E Liangyou Yingsi is a new two-line hybrid rice（Oryza sativa L.） combination bred jointly by Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Hubei Huichuzhi Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., with Enong 1S as the female parent and restorer line Yingsi as the male parent. The combination participated in the regional test of mid-season rice late-maturing group in Hubei Province’s Seed Industry Innovation Testing Consortium from 2021 to 2022 and the production test in 2022, showing the characteristics of high yield, good resistance and suitable maturity. The combination was approved by Hubei Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in August 2023 （Eshendao 20230031）. The breeding process of E Liangyou Yingsi was introduced, its main characteristics, yield, resistance and grain quality performance were expounded, and its key cultivation techniques were summarized.

Genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of summer maize varieties in Xiangyang City

GUO Li, MA Xian-bin, LI Xin-yan, HU Fei

2023, 62(12): 4-8. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.002

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In order to fully understand and evaluate the excellent characteristics and comprehensive performance of the summer maize （Zea mays L.） varieties that were popularized and applied in the seed market in Xiangyang City, and provide reference for local breeding and promotion of the excellent summer maize varieties, the genetic diversity of 13 agronomic traits of 20 summer maize varieties in the seed market of Xiangyang City was analyzed and the comprehensive evaluation of these summer maize varieties was carried out. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of 13 traits ranged from 3.77% to 58.67%, among which the coefficient of variation of seed rate was the lowest and the coefficient of variation of bald tip was the highest. The genetic diversity coefficient of the traits ranged from 1.59 to 1.97, among which the genetic diversity coefficient of ear size was the lowest, and the genetic diversity coefficient of 100 grain weight was the highest, but on the whole, the genetic diversity coefficient of each trait was relatively low, and the genetic variation richness of varieties was in general level. Accumulated variance contribution of the top 5 factors reached 89.897%, based on this, an adaptive comprehensive evaluation model was constructed to calculate the comprehensive score of the varieties. The summer maize varieties with higher evaluation scores were Xianzhiyuan 66, Dingyou 220 and Woyu No.3, which had better comprehensive performance among the 13 traits measured. The cluster analysis of 20 varieties was divided into 6 groups.

Breeding of new maize variety Jinyu2002

YANG Hu, ZHOU Gang, CAO Yong-sheng, CHEN Guang-yong, QIN Guang-ming, LI Meng, TANG Yu-cheng, SONG Wei, ZHANG Shi-hong

2023, 62(12): 9-12，17. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.003

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Jinyu2002 is a common corn （Zea mays L.） hybrid made of inbred line WD11 as the female parent and inbred line DH-15 as the male parent. In the regional test of Hubei Province from 2020 to 2021, the average yield of Jinyu2002 was 9 656.9 kg/hm², which increased by 5.9% compared with the control variety Huayu 11. The variety was approved by Hubei Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2022. The breeding objective, breeding thought, breeding process, parents and variety characteristics, test results, advantages, matters needing attention in production, cultivation techniques and seed production techniques of Jinyu 2002 were introduced.

Effects of alternate wetting and drying on lodging resistance and yield of direct-seeded ratooning rice

LI Yi-yue, LI Yang, ZHANG Zuo-lin, WANG Ben-fu, ZHANG Zhi-sheng, CHENG Jian-ping

2023, 62(12): 13-17. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.004

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To choose a suitable water management method for direct-seeded ratoon rice（Oryza sativa L.）, a field experiment was conducted using ratooning rice Fengliangyouxiang No.1 with three irrigation regimes, including conventional irrigation （CI）, alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation （AWMD） and alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation （AWSD）, the effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation on lodging index of rice stem, morphological characters of rice stem, yield in main and ratoon seasons and the relationship between lodging and yield were studied. The results showed that the yield of main season rice was the highest in alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation treatment, which was 8.53 t/hm², and the grain number per panicle in alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation treatment increased significantly by 26.11% and 3.73% compared with conventional irrigation and alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation treatment. The yield of ratoon season rice under alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation treatment （7.12 t/hm²） was 14.47% and 9.54% higher than that of conventional irrigation and alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation. The annual yield of ratoon rice under alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation was significantly higher than that of conventional irrigation and alternate wetting and severe drying irrigation（P<0.05）. Alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation treatment reduced the lodging index of ratoon rice, improved its bending resistance, shifted the height of the stem center of gravity downwards, enhanced the thickness of the internode and stem wall, and thus improved the lodging resistance of ratoon rice. There was a significant positive correlation between ratoon rice yield and the lodging resistance（P<0.05）. In conclusion, the lodging resistance and yield of direct-seeded ratooning rice could be improved by alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation.

Study on yield characteristics and environmental adaptability of different maize varieties

DING Xiao-shuang

2023, 62(12): 18-22，28. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.005

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Seven maize （Zea mays L.） materials with different genetic backgrounds were selected to compare and analyze the differences in yield, growth period, average leaf area coefficient, photosynthetic potential, net assimilation rate, crop growth rate and environmental adaptability of each cultivar, in order to filter out the spring maize and summer maize varieties suitable for planting in Hubei Province. The results showed that the seven varieties showed differences between spring maize and summer maize, and the yield of spring maize showed certain advantages in general, and the differences between varieties were significant. When cultivated as spring maize, Yidan 629 and Denghai No.9 had higher yields, with yields of 8.34 t/hm² and 8.20 t/hm², respectively. When cultivated as summer maize, Yidan 629 had the highest yield of 6.78 t/hm² and had a higher leaf area coefficient, photosynthetic potential and crop growth rate. Under the same conditions of staining, pests and diseases, the emergence rate of Yidan 629 was 97.8%, which showed strong resistance to disease of maize and slight resistance to maize borer. This study showed that the northern varieties were not suitable for summer maize cultivation in Hubei Province, and according to the premise of high yield and good adaptability, Yidan 629 should be selected as spring maize and summer maize.

The grey correlation analysis of main traits and yield of different wheat varieties

DAI Bao-sheng, LYU Rui-ling, HU Ya-ke, HUANG Xiao-li, YAN Zhen-hua, ZHANG Hua-chong, ZHAO Shu-qi, ZHANG Xin, LI Wei

2023, 62(12): 23-28. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.006

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In order to clarify the relationship between yield and the main traits of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, 44 wheat varieties in Hubei Provincial regional test from 2021 to 2022 were used as materials, and the correlation between yield and other agronomic traits, quality traits and disease resistance of different wheat varieties was explored by grey correlation analysis. The results showed that the correlation degree （r） between the yield and the main traits was in the descending order of growth period （r = 0.914 7）, the dry unit weight （r =0.899 0）, plant height （r=0.873 0）, thousands of grains （r=0.852 0）, the number of ears （r= 0.827 2）, water absorption （r=0.821 8）, crown protein content （r=0.814 8）, wet gluten content （r= 0.768 3）, the leaf blight rate （r= 0.522 2） and stable time （r= 0.425 6）. It showed that the factor that had the greatest impact on yield was growth period, followed by the dry unit weight and plant height; the factors with less impact on yeid were stable time and the leaf blight rate. In the breeding of new wheat varieties and the practice of high-yield cultivation, the main direction was the varieties with high dry unit weight and moderate growth period, and the selection of plant height was strengthened.

Effects of different concentrations of rooting powder on rooting and cutting survival rate of sweet potato bud seedings

ZHANG Jie, ZHU Jie, SU Xiu-li, GONG Hong-bo, WU Shan

2023, 62(12): 29-32. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.007

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Taking the sweet potato bud seedlings of Pushu 32 as the research object, the effects of different treatments on the rooting time, rooting number, root length and cuttage survival rate of sweet potato bud seedlings were studied by different ratios and concentrations of rooting agents. The results showed that IBA （indole butyric acid） + NAA （naphthylacetic acid）, ABT and water treatment could all promote rapid rooting of sweet potato shoots. When the concentration of ABT was more than 25 mg/L, it would inhibit the rooting of sweet potato bud seedlings to a certain extent, thus reducing the number of roots. When the rooting number of sweet potato bud seedlings decreased with the increase of rooting agent dosage, the single root length did not become longer obviously, and the total root length was positively correlated with the rooting number as a whole. Cuttage of sweet potato bud seedlings after rooting could significantly improve the survival rate of sweet potato bud seedlings, and the survival rate of bud seedlings treated with each rooting agent was higher than that of the control（clean water）. The survival rate of sweet potato bud seedlings was related to the rooting number and total root length of sweet potato seedlings.

Analysis and evaluation of yield and nutritional quality of different potato varieties

ZHU Jie, WEN Hai-xia, FANG Zhi-guo, SU Xiu-li, ZHANG Jie, WU Feng, LI Xiao-min, WANG Wen-jian

2023, 62(12): 33-37，68. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.008

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In order to select new potato（Solanum tuberosum L.） varieties with high quality and high yield, the yield and nutritional quality of 8 potato varieties were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by isometric classification method. The results showed that Zhongshu No.3 had the best nutritional quality, Huashu No.16 had the highest yield, and Zhongshu 685 had the highest comprehensive index. From the perspective of comprehensive yield and nutritional quality, Zhongshu 685 was the best variety, followed by Huashu No. 16.

Effects of plastic film mulching on physicochemical properties and fungal community structure of tobacco-growing soil during whole growth period

GUO Chong, LIU Ya-jie, YANG Yi-de, YANG Yang, YANG Guo-wei, XU Yan-ling, CHEN Fo-yuan, HAN Wei, LIU Lei, YAN Min, ZENG Shu-hua

2023, 62(12): 38-45. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.009

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Using white plastic film covering, which was widely used in tobacco production practice, and the appropriate time for film removal treatment as a control, the effects of different colors of plastic film （white plastic film, black plastic film and black and white double color plastic film） covering during the whole growth period on the physicochemical properties and fungal community structure of tobacco planting soil at a higher altitude （1 200 m） were studied, and the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and fungal community structure was explored by correlation and redundancy analysis. The results showed the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in the whole growth period were significantly higher than those in the control （P<0.05）, and there were significant differences in soil physical and chemical properties among different treatments （P<0.05）. The main groups of soil fungi in this area were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota, accounting for more than 83% of the total fungi. The diversity of soil fungi under mulching with different colors during the whole growth period was as follows from high to low： black and white double color film covering the whole growth period, white film covering the whole growth period, control, black film covering the whole growth period. The dominant genera of bacteria in each treatment were significantly different. The relative abundance of Hypocrea, Ceratobasidium, Fusarium and Nectria were closely related to soil nitrogen and phosphorus. macroelements （total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium）, medium and trace elements （total sulfur, total copper, available copper, total zinc, available magnesium, total boron） were the leading environmental factors on the community structure of tobacco-growing soil. On the whole, it was feasible to cover the film during whole growth period in the high altitude tobacco area of Yibin City, and the black and white double color film was the optimal choice.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer optimization on yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of Fengtou ginger

XU Da-bing, ZHOU Jian-xiong, HU Hong-tao, ZHU Feng-juan, YUAN Jia-fu, ZHAO Shu-jun

2023, 62(12): 46-50. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.010

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A 2-year field experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen application rate and optimized fertilization on the yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of Fengtou ginger in Laifeng County. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the yield, dry matter quality, and nitrogen accumulation of Fengtou ginger showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the optimal nitrogen application rate was 450~495 kg/hm². The effects of different nitrogen application rates on nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency of Fengtou ginger were not significant, but increasing nitrogen application rates reduced nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity. Compared with conventional fertilization（CF）, specialized fertilizer（SF） and slow-release fertilizer（SRF） treatments increased the yield of Fengtou ginger by 25.23% and 13.96%, respectively. Specialized fertilizer could achieve higher dry matter quality and nitrogen accumulation. Compared to conventional fertilization, the nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of the specialized fertilizer treatment increased by 19.33%, 62.58% and 25.23%, respectively, while those of the slow-release fertilizer treatment increased by 13.33%, 34.66% and 13.96%, respectively.

Effects of increasing CO₂ concentration and application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity and heavy metal content of rice

XU Fen, GUO Hong-yan, YU Xiao-bing, PENG Li-jun, YAO Jing-jing

2023, 62(12): 51-55. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.011

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Relying on China's Rice FACE Platform （Free air CO₂ enrichment）, under two fertilization methods, namely, fertilizer and 50% organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer, the effects of increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration （ambient atmosphere +200 μmol/mol） on photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity and copper and zinc absorption in rice were studied. The results showed that increasing CO₂ concentration significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, and malondialdehyde content in rice leaves at the heading stage and zinc content in rice grains at the maturity stage, but significantly decreased the stomatal conductance and antioxidant enzyme activities of rice leaves at the heading stage. Under the treatment of chemical fertilizer replaced by 50% organic fertilizer （COF）, compared with the normal atmospheric CO₂ concentration, the increase of atmospheric CO₂ concentration significantly increased the peroxidase activity, but decreased the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of rice leaves, the content of malondialdehyde and the contents of copper and zinc in rice grains. Therefore, the substitution of chemical fertilizer with 50% organic fertilizer at equal nitrogen application could help to improve the adaptability of rice to the increase of CO₂ concentration.

The evolution characteristics and driving factors analysis of reference crop evapotranspiration in the agricultural and pastoral ecotone of Sichuan Province and Yunan Province

HOU Ling-lin, HUANG Xi-wei, XU Xia, NIE Chang-le

2023, 62(12): 56-62,119. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.012

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Based on the daily meteorological data of 24 ground observation stations in the agricultural and pastoral ecotone of Sichuan Province and Yunan Province from 1961 to 2015, the daily reference crop evapotranspiration （ET₀） and surface humid index （SWI） of each station were calculated by Penman-Monteith formula. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ET₀ and SWI in the study area, and the influence degree of main meteorological factors on the evolution of evapotranspiration in different areas were analyzed using the climatic tendency rate, inverse distance weighting （IDW） interpolation, Mann-KendalL mutation test, principal component regression analysis and other methods. The results showed that, from 1961 to 2015, ET₀ in the agricultural and pastoral ecotone of Sichuan Province and Yunan Province showed a downward trend, SWI showed a slow upward trend, and 1987 was the mutation year of ET₀ and SWI. The boundary between the humid area and the semi-humid area could be approximately divided by the boundary of Hengduan Mountains.The reference crop evapotranspiration of the whole region was decreasing in four seasons, and the temporal and spatial evolution of reference crop evapotranspiration in winter was not significant. Average wind speed was the dominant factor affecting the change of ET₀, followed by sunshine hours and relative humidity, and ET₀ had the weakest response to the lowest temperature.

Optimizing the preparation conditions of FeCl₃ modified zeolite and investigating the phosphorus adsorption mechanism of the modified zeolite

ZHENG Xin-yan, ZHAO Dan, WANG Mu-lan, CHEN Zhao-qiong

2023, 62(12): 63-68. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.013

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In order to establish the optimization method of zeolite FeCl₃ modification conditions, improve the phosphorus adsorption efficiency, and elucidate the phosphorus adsorption mechanism, the response surface method was used to investigate the effects of four factors, namely, FeCl₃ concentration, modification time, modification rotational speed, and modification temperature on the phosphorus adsorption effect of modified zeolite, and to establish the multiple regression model to determine the optimal combinations of the modification conditions. The characterization techniques of SEM, BET, XRD, and FTIR combined with isothermal adsorption and adsorption kinetic modeling, were used to elucidate the phosphorus adsorption mechanism of FeCl₃-modified zeolite. The results showed that four factors had significant effects on the phosphorus adsorption of FeCl₃-modified zeolite, and the multiple regression model between the modification conditions and the phosphorus adsorption rate was 0.987 9 for R²_（TP%） and 0.975 9 for R_adj²_（TP%）, which was a good fit, and the optimal modification conditions after the response surface optimization were the FeCl₃ concentration of 3.8 mol/L, the modification time of 6 h, the modification temperature of 32 ℃, and the modification speed of 186 r/min. The characterization results showed that the FeCl₃ modification did not destroy the skeleton structure of zeolite, and the Fe₂O₃ loading on the surface of zeolite increased the specific surface area, and the complex adsorption with phosphorus could improve the adsorption efficiency of phosphorus. The R² of the Langmuir and Freundlich equations were 0.995 95 and 0.985 66, respectively, which indicated that both the monolayer and the multilayer adsorption existed at the same time. The R² of the second-stage kinetic model was 0.870 09, which was larger than that of the first-stage kinetic model （0.501 53）, indicating that the second-stage kinetic model could better characterize the adsorption kinetics of FeCl₃-modified zeolite on phosphate, and that the adsorption of phosphate by FeCl₃-modified zeolite was dominated by chemisorption.

Accounting and spatiotemporal changes of the asset value of cultivated land resources in intensive agricultural areas:Taking Hukou County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province as an example

LIU Mei-e, CHENG Zhen, TU Li-ping, LIU Tao-xin

2023, 62(12): 69-77. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.014

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Using the income reduction method and ecological factor equivalent method, taking Hukou County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, in the Middle and Lower Yangtze Valley Plain as an example, and comprehensively using the statistical data and land use data of Hukou County, the study calculated the spatiotemporal changes of the asset value of cultivated land resources in Hukou County in 2010 and 2020. The results showed that from 2010 to 2020, the economic value of cultivated land resources in Hukou County showed a decreasing trend, decreasing by 61.73%;the economic value of cultivated land resources in Shuangzhong Town, which was closer to the county seat, had decreased significantly, while the economic value of cultivated land resources in towns （farms） that were relatively far from the county seat had decreased less.From 2010 to 2020, the social value of cultivated land resources in Hukou County showed a significant upward trend, with a growth rate of 252.64%;among them, from 2010 to 2020, the social stability value of arable land resources in Hukou County showed a decreasing trend, while the social security value of arable land resources showed an increasing trend. The overall ecological value of cultivated land resources showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2020, but the changes were relatively small. The soil conservation value from 2010 to 2020 was an important part of the ecological value of cultivated land resources in Hukou County, followed by waste treatment and the maintenance of biodiversity;except for Shuangzhong Town, Nanbei Port Aquatic Farm, and Maying Town, where the ecological value of cultivated land resources was decreasing, the ecological value of cultivated land resources in other towns （farms） was increasing. The asset value of cultivated land resources in 2010 was 5.418 billion yuan, reaching 11.998 billion yuan in 2020, with a growth rate of 121.45%. The significant increase in social value of cultivated land resources was the main reason for the increase in asset value of cultivated land resources.

The influencing factors for bio-fungicide screening from actinomycetes source with agar diffusion method

ZHANG Zhi-gang, WANG Kai-mei, WU Zhao-yuan, WAN Zhong-yi, FANG Wei

2023, 62(12): 78-84. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.015

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Using Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeobosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium aphanidematum as the model targets, the activity characteristics and the factors affecting the stability and sensitivity of the bactericide were tested. The influence of the model target, compound standard sample and fermentation liquid sample of actinomycetes source standard strain on bactericidal activity was tested by agar diffusion method. The results showed that the treatment process of the target, the content of the target bacteria, the type of sample, and the amount of sample added were directly related to the activity response. Different model targets had different degrees of tolerance to crushing treatment, so it was necessary to conduct personalized treatment for different model targets to ensure the stable growth state of model target bacteria in the test. In the agar diffusion method, not only the bactericidal activity of the sample could be detected, but also the different modes of action of the active ingredient and the target bacteria could be shown. The actinomycete fermentation broth with retained live bacteria showed activity over a wide range of addition amounts, whereas both the actinomycete fermentation broth treated with filtered bacteria and the standard compounds showed activity only when the sample addition amounts were relatively large.

Effects of formamidosulfuron·methyliodosulfuron on weed control and yield in summer maize field

HUANG Wei, LI Lin, JIN Li-rong, YUAN Bin, ZHU Wen-da, WAN Peng

2023, 62(12): 85-88，93. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.016

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Four doses of 32% formamidosulfuron·methyliodosulfuron sodium saline dispersion granules 14.4, 22.8, 31.2, 45.6 g（a.i）/hm² were set, 30% formamidosulfuron aqueous dispersion granules 30 g（a.i）/hm² were used as control agents, and manual weed control and blank control were set. The effect of 32% formamidosulfuron·methyliodosulfuron sodium saline dispersion granule on weed control in the summer maize field and its effect on summer maize yield were studied. The weed’s stems and leaves were sprayed during 2~6 leaves after 22 days in maize sowing. Four kinds of weed populations were monitored on 20, 40 and 60 days after spray treatment, the nutrient accumulation of weeds was analyzed at the same time, and yield was measured after summer maize harvesting. The results showed that the application of 32% formamidosulfuron·methyliodosulfuron sodium saline dispersion granule at 14.4~45.6 g（a.i）/hm² showed good control effects on annual weeds, such as Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eclipta prostrata and Portulaca oleracea. After 60 days, the density control effects ranged from 79.82% to 95.35% on Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eclipta prostrata and Portulaca oleracea, and the fresh weight control effects ranged from 81.75% to 96.76%, which was similar to that of the control agent of 30% formylcarbamsulfuron aqueous dispersion granule 30 g（a.i）/hm². The effect of each treatment on increasing the yield of summer maize was 20.70%~25.10%, which was significantly better than manual weeding and blank control. In the process of using 32% formylaminosulfuron and methyliodosulfuron sodium saline dispersion granules, no pesticide damage or toxication of human and livestock was found, and it was friendly to the environment.

Field control effects of 200 g/L tetraniliprole SC on Ectropis grisescens Warren

LIANG Shao-ru, ZHAO Feng-hua, JIANG Shuang-feng, ZHENG Jie, FU Qun-ying, DANG Yong-chao

2023, 62(12): 89-93. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.017

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In order to explore the field control effects and safety of 200 g/L tetraniliprole suspension concentrate（SC） on Ectropis grisescens Warren, two field efficacy trials were conducted in August and September 2021. The field control effects of tetraniliprole on Ectropis grisescens Warren were studied and evaluated by using 30% tolfenpyrad SC, 240 g/L chlorfenapyr SC and 25 g/L bifenthrin emulsifiable concentrate（EC） as control. The results showed that 3 days after spraying pesticide, the field control effects of 200 g/L tetraniliprole SC 90~150 mL/hm² were 84.29%~89.44%, 69.40%~78.69% in two experiments, respectively. 7 days after spraying pesticide, the control effects of 200 g/L tetraniliprole SC 90~150 mL/hm² were 94.81%~97.71% and 86.28%~94.36% in two experiments, respectively. 14 days after spraying pesticide, the field control effects of 200 g/L tetraniliprole SC 90~150 mL/hm²were 84.82%~87.89% and 80.14%~85.40% in two experiments, respectively. Under the conditions that the proportion of larvae within the third instar in August and September was 90.74% and 32.55%, respectively, the control effects of 200 g/L tetraniliprole SC in two experiments were better than those of the control agents, tolfenpyrad, chlorfenapyr and bifenthrin, and the control effects in August were significantly higher than those in September. 200 g/L tetraniliprole SC could control Ectropis grisescens Warren in tea gardens effectively, and the concentration of 90~150 mL/hm²was safe on the growth of tea trees. The effect of spraying pesticide at the third instar of Ectropis grisescens Warren larvae was better.

Effects of temperature and nitrogen nutrient on the growth and photophysiology of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis

CHEN Ze-yu, DING Yu-hao, WANG Jing-wen, NI Jia-xuan, HE Hao-lin, XU Jia-tao, JIANG Shu-ying, WANG Jin-guo

2023, 62(12): 94-101. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.018

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The cultivated Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis was used as the experimental material, and two temperature levels（LT：20 ℃;HT：24 ℃） and three nitrogen nutrient concentrations（LN：3.1 μmol/L;MN：30.1 μmol/L;HN：103.1 μmol/L） were set to study the effects of temperature and nitrogen nutrient concentration changes on the growth and photophysiology of G. lemaneiformis. The results showed that temperature, nitrogen nutrient and their interaction had significant effects on the relative growth rate （RGR） of G. lemaneiformis （P<0.05）. The RGR increased with the temperature and nitrogen nutrient concentration increment separately. Further fluorescence parameters showed that the effective photosynthetic quantum yield [Y（II）] of HT treatment fluctuated in the range of 0.18~0.24, which was higher than that of LT treatment under the same nitrogen nutrient concentration and HN promoted the improvement of its Y（II）under the same temperature. Temperature had a significant effect on the maximum relative electron transfer rate （rETR_max, P<0.05）, nitrogen nutrient had a significant effect on the rETR_max, light utilization efficiency （α） and saturation irradiance （I_k）（P<0.05）and their interaction had a significant effect on the α （P<0.05）. Furthermore, temperature, nitrogen nutrient and their interaction had significant effects on the photosynthetic pigments contents of G. lemaneiformis （P<0.05）. Nitrogen and the interaction had significant effects on the SP content（P<0.05）. Under LT or HT, the contents of chlorophyll a （Chl a）, carotenoids （Car）, and SP increased evidently with the increase of nitrogen nutrient concentration （P<0.05）. Our findings suggested that HN and HT significantly promoted the growth of G. lemaneiformis, which provided the theoretical data for the cultivation of G. lemaneiformis in response to environmental changes in the thermal discharge area of Tianwan Nuclear Power Station.

Analysis of leaf anatomical structure of Amomum villosum and Amomum tsao-ko

YANG Jia-zhen, XU He-meng, CHEN Jia, HE Wei, ZENG Ya-wen

2023, 62(12): 102-107. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.019

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In order to reveal the difference of leaf anatomical structure characteristics between Amomum villosum and Amomum tsao-ko, the nail polish and the ultrathin slice methods were used to study the leaves. The results showed that the leaves of the two species were very similar in the distribution of stomatal organs, the structure of stomatal organs, the structure of leaf cross section, and the ultramicrostructure of mesophyll cells, but there were differences in the number of stomatal organs, the size of stomatal organs, the structure of chloroplasts, and the nutrients stored in mesophyll cells： The upper and lower epidermal stomata of Amomum tsao-ko leaves were larger than those of Amomum villosum leaves; the number of stomata in the upper and lower epidermis of the leaves of Amomum villosum was higher than that in the leaves of Amomum tsao-ko; the differentiation of palisade tissue and spongy tissue was not obvious in the leaves of Amomum villosum, but the differentiation of palisade tissue and spongy tissue was more obvious in the leaves of Amomum tsao-ko, and the palisade tissue was more orderly and regular; the chloroplasts of Amomum villosum contained starch grains and osmophilic granules, and the cytoplasm contained endophytes. The chloroplasts of Amomum tsao-ko leaves contained lipid droplets.

Root distribution and growth development patterns of young dwarf rootstock apples

JI Guang-peng, ZHOU Xiao-tong, ZHANG Dong-hai, WU Yu-rong, NIU Ling-lei

2023, 62(12): 108-113. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.020

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In order to investigate the effects of root distribution on the growth and development of dwarf anvil apples at young ages, 3-year-old dwarf anvil apples were used as test materials, using profile mining and grid sampling, and the dynamic and distribution characteristics of root growth in three key periods： Flowering period, fruit expanding period and harvesting period were investigated. The development law of apple root with the growth process was analyzed in different growth periods. The results showed that the densest root system areas of dwarf stock apples were horizontal 0~30 cm and vertical 0~40 cm, and the root system development was most vigorous during the harvest period, followed by the flowering period, and the third during the expanding period; from a horizontal distribution perspective, the maximum values of root dry weight density, root length density, and root surface area density appeared in the 0~10 cm region during flowering and harvesting periods. Except for the root dry weight density during the expanding period, the extreme values of other root configuration indicators all appeared in the 10~20 cm region; from a vertical distribution perspective, the root system development was most vigorous in the area 20~30 cm away from the surface during the flowering period, while the peak of the root system configuration index appeared at 10~20 cm or 20~30 cm region during the expanding and harvesting periods; the root length density and root surface area density accounting for 80% of the total amount was the main areas for root activity. The flowering period was at horizontal 0~70 cm, vertical 0~40 cm region, the expanding period was at horizontal 0~130 cm, vertical 0~40 cm region, and the harvesting period was at horizontal 0~80 cm, vertical 0~50 cm region. Therefore, water and fertilizer management needed to adopt different measures based on the characteristics of root growth and development, especially during the fruit expanding period, field management measures should be taken to increase root growth to ensure tree vitality.

Influence of Chinese herbal medicine combination on the prevention and control of pathogens and microecology in aquaculture

CHEN Jing

2023, 62(12): 114-119. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.021

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In order to explore the antibacterial effect of Chinese herbal medicine on pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture and its influence on microbial population, the Chinese herbs after the initial screening were proportioned, and the orthogonal test was used to study the effect of the combination of Chinese herbal medicine on pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that 12 selected Chinese herbal medicines all had bacteriostatic effects to varying degrees. Among them, dark plum, Chuanlian, pomegranate peel and Pulsatilla chinensis had obvious inhibitory effects on five pathogenic bacteria. The average bacteriostatic circle of the combination of “dark plum+Pulsatilla chinensis” reached 13.23 mm, the MIC value decreased significantly, and it had high drug sensitivity. In addition, the addition of Chinese herbal medicine had changed the abundance and diversity of bacteria in the water. Compared with the control, the experimental group “Mu+Gr”, “Mu+Co” and “Mu+Pu” had decreased the bacterial abundance by 28.16%, 25.33% and 13.27%, respectively. The combination of Chinese herbal medicine could effectively provide new ideas for the prevention and control of pathogens in agriculture and fishery, thereby reducing the abuse of chemicals.

Establishment of LPS-induced rabbit fever model and evaluation of antipyretic effects of Zhuang and Yao medicine ingredients

DENG Ling-yu, ZHU Hua, XU Li-ba, XIE Feng-feng, LUO Jing, PING Jing-yun, NONG Li-zhen, LI Yin-lan, ZENG Yan-fang, CHEN Ya-ling, CEN Si

2023, 62(12): 120-129. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.022

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The optimal dose of replicating the fever model of endotoxin （LPS） in rabbits was evaluated using different doses of LPS intravenously. 1 h after modeling, all extracts and active monomers of Zhuang and Yao ethnic medicine were administered. The rectal temperature changes of LPS rabbits were measured by the intelligent pyrogen instrument, and the anal temperature growth value, change rate, antipyretic score at each time point and the total antipyretic score of each test sample were calculated. The results showed that after LPS injection for 1 h, the temperature of all rabbits increased by 0.8~3.0 ℃ compared with the basal rectal temperature, and the temperature of the model rabbits remained high after molding, and there was no significant change. Compared with the model group, the rectal temperature change rate of rabbits treated with 7 kinds of extracts from Zhuang and Yao ethnic medicine was significantly reduced in 1 or more time points, and the order of the total heat antipyretic score was as follows： Ethanolic extract of Christia vespertilionis （L. f.） Bahn. f.>water extract of Lindernia ruellioides （Colsm.） Pennell.>water extract of Gynura divaricata （Linn.）DC. >ethanolic extract of Polygonum chinense L.>petroleum ether extract of Lindernia ruellioides （Colsm.） Pennell.>ethanolic extract of Marchantia convluta Gao et Chang>water extract of Caryopteris incana （Thunb.）Miq.>n-butanol extract of Lindernia ruellioides （Colsm.） Pennell.>water extract of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo. The change rate of rectal temperature of rabbits treated with 13 active monomers of Zhuang and Yao ethnic medicine decreased significantly at one or more time points. According to the total score of antipyretic effects, the order was as follows： Kaempferol > nobiletin > hesperidin > isoquercetin > apigenin > quercetin > astragalin > gallic acid > chlorhexidine acetate > ellagic acid > chlorogenic acid > luteolin > acacetin. Under the conditions of this experiment, the optimal dose of LPS replicating the fever model of rabbits was 4.0 μg/kg; the extracts obtained from 7 kinds of Zhuang and Yao ethnic medicine and 13 kinds of active monomers of Zhuang and Yao ethnic medicine had good antipyretic effects.

Analgesia, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate fraction of root bark of Acanthopanax trifoliatus

LIANG Zi-jiu, JIANG Lin, LIN Qing-hua, LIN Chang-yuan, ZHANG Ren-yi, HUANG Xiao-hong, LAI Xin-hong, XIE Meng-jiao, CHEN Hai-yan, LI Fang-chan

2023, 62(12): 130-134. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.023

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In order to study the analgesia, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate fraction from the root bark of Acanthopanax trifoliatus（BLE）, the analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects of BLE were investigated by hot plate pain method, acetic acid writhing method, xylene-induced mouse ear swelling method, carrageenan-induced mouse paw swelling method and prostaglandin E₂（PGE₂） content determination. The antioxidant activities of BLE were evaluated by DPPH free radical method and ABTS free radical method. The results showed that compared with the blank group, the pain threshold of each BLE dose group at 60 min was significantly or extremely significantly increased, compared with before medication, the pain threshold of each dose group at each time point was significantly or extremely significantly increased and the difference in the pain threshold of each dose group and tripterygium glycosides tablet group were not significantly indigenous. Compared with the blank group, the writhing times of mice in each dose group were extremely significantly reduced; each dose group could significantly or extremely significantly reduce the ear swelling induced by xylene and there was no significant difference in ear swelling between each dose group and tripterygium glycosides tablets group; the high-dose group could extramely significantly reduce the paw swelling induced by carrageenan, and compared with the tripterygium glycosides tablets group, the paw swelling degrees in each dose group showed no significant difference. Compared with the blank group, the content of PGE₂ in high-dose and medium-dose groups was extremely significantly decreased. Compared with the tripterygium glycoside tablet group, there was no significant difference in PGE₂ content in high and medium dose groups. The clearance rate of PDDH free radical by BLE was positively correlated with the increase of concentration, with IC₅₀ of 0.029 mg/ml, which was lower than that of the positive control vitamin C （0.04 mg/mL）. The clearance rate of ABTS free radical was positively correlated with the increase of concentration, with IC₅₀ of 0.033 mg/mL, which was lower than that of the positive control vitamin C （0.042 mg/mL）.

Comparison of amino acids in muscle of four local chicken resources in Hubei Province under ecological breeding conditions

PAN Ai-luan, ZHANG Rong-rong, TAN Guo-hui, PI Jin-song, ZENG Jun, SHEN Jie, LUO Hong-bing, ZHU Wei, HUANG Tao, ZHANG Rui-jin, WU Yan, ZHANG Hao, SUN Jing, LIANG Zheng-hua, FU Ming, DU Jin-ping, WANG Xiu-jun

2023, 62(12): 135-140. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.024

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In order to explore the characteristics of Laifeng Youshui chicken germplasm resources, the content and flavor of amino acids in the muscle of Laifeng Youshui chicken resources under the ecological breeding mode were studied, and the differences in muscle nutrition and flavor between it and three local chicken breeds such as Jianghan chicken were compared and analyzed. The results showed that： 17 kinds of amino acids were detected in the muscle of Laifeng Youshui cock and hen. Among them, glutamic acid had the highest content,3.88 g/100 g and 3.84 g/100 g respectively.The EAA/TAA values were 43.07% and 44.86% respectively, and the EAA/NEAA values were 75.60% and 81.36% respectively, which reached the ideal amino acid standard specified by FAO/WHO.It was calculated that the muscle TAV of Laifeng Youshui chicken was the largest, and the TAV of glutamic acid was 12.93 and 12.80, respectively, which had the strongest flavor. There was no significant difference in EAA content in male chicken muscle among the four local chicken breeds in Hubei Province, but there was a difference in EAA content in female chicken muscle to different degrees; Among the cock muscles, Hongshan chicken had the highest TAA of （23.70±1.91） g/100 g, followed by Laifeng Youshui chicken [（22.8±2.25） g/100 g], Jianghan chicken [（19.01±0.75） g/100 g], and Shuanglian chicken [（18.87±1.56） g/100 g], but there was no significant difference among varieties; among the hen muscles, Laifeng Youshui chicken had the highest TAA, 22.67 g/100 g, which was significantly higher than the other three breeds, followed by Hongshan chicken （20.05 g/100 g）, Jianghan chicken （18.78 g/100 g）, Shuanglian chicken （17.49 g/100 g）, and Hongshan chicken was significantly higher than Shuanglian chicken. The muscle amino acids of cocks and hens were used as indicators for clustering, and Hongshan chicken formed a group independently.

Analysis of scales, fatty acids and muscle monosaccharides of Elaphe schrenckii

HUANG Xiao-ran, YANG Wen-jian, WAN Xiang-xu, ZHOU Si-yu, ZHOU Bao-li, MENG Xin, JIN Zhi-min

2023, 62(12): 141-144,150. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.025

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In order to identify the scales of Elaphe schrenckii and determine the type and relative content of fatty acids in snake oil and monosaccharides in muscle, the snake oil and muscle polysaccharide were obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and the methyl esterified snake oil was analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the types and relative contents of fatty acids; the polysaccharide was measured by gas chromatography after hydrolysis and derivatization to obtain the data of monosaccharide in muscle. The results showed that the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was 2.02, with a relatively high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, and the relative content of fatty acids was oleic acid （34.200%）, palmitic acid （22.600%）, linoleic acid （22.200%） and stearic acid （5.280%） in descending order. The monosaccharides in muscle polysaccharides were 2 types of glucose and glucuronic acid, with glucose accounting for 69.13% and glucuronic acid for 14.32%.

Study on the microwave-assisted extraction of procyanidins from grape fruit residue with low eutectic solvent and its stability

FU Jia-le, GENG Zhi, CHEN Ge-yu

2023, 62(12): 145-150. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.026

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Taking the grape fruit residue as raw material, the type of low eutectic solvent, microwave power, molar ratio and liquid to solid ratio as investigation factors, and the extraction rate of procyanidins as evaluation index, the microwave-assisted eutectic solvent was used to optimize the extraction process of procyanidins from grape fruit residue, and the stability of the extracted procyanidins was investigated. The results showed that under the condition of microwave power 420 W, extraction time 40 s, extraction temperature 40 ℃, liquid to solid ratio 40∶1, and choline chloride/glycerin at molar ratio 1∶2 as extraction agent, the extraction yield reached 19.57%. Procyanidins were stable at pH≤2, with a retention rate of more than 85%; the retention rate of procyanidins was more than 80% after 5 h at 4 ℃, but the retention rate decreased with the temperature increased; the retention rate of procyanidins decreased significantly to below 90% after 2 h due to the oxidant （H₂O₂）, and the decrease trend was more obvious with the increase of oxidant concentration; reducing agent （vitamin C） had a protective effect on procyanidins. When the concentration below was 0.32 g/L, its retention rate was more than 80% in 3 h; metal ions could destroy procyanidins except Zn²⁺, and Zn²⁺ could maintain the retention rate of procyanidins at about 80%; after fluorescent lamp irradiation for 5 h, the retention rate of procyanidins decreased to 60%, but the retention rate of procyanidins stored under dark light was 80%.

Improving the thermotolerance of mannanase through molecular improvement

WANG Ya-wei, XUE Qiang, XIONG Hai-rong

2023, 62(12): 151-153,162. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.027

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The mannanase gene （KJ806638） from Thermobifida fusca was used as the research object, and it was modified by the error-prone PCR method, and the heat resistance of mannanase was further improved. The optimum reaction temperature of N16I mutant was increased from 72.5 ℃ to 77.5 ℃. Differential scanning fluorometry （DSF） testing results showed that the apparent decomposition temperature T_m of the enzyme protein increased from 61.9 ℃ to 63.2 ℃.

Determination of total alkaloid in Stemona tuberosa Lour. by acid dye colorimetric method

WU Gang-yuan, QIN Hai-qin, HU Dong-nan, ZHANG Miao, XIE Feng-feng, WANG Xiao-xun

2023, 62(12): 154-157. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.028

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The total alkaloid content in Stemona tuberosa Lour. at different developmental stages was determined using the acid dye colorimetric method. The acid dye colorimetric method was used, with Stemona tuberosa Lour. alkali as the reference material and bromothymol blue as the acid dye. Methanol and chloroform were extracted, and dissolved in 4% hydrochloric acid. The determination was carried out at a wavelength of 413 nm. The results showed that the standard curve of Stemona tuberosa Lour. alkali was Y=0.003 7X+0.089 （R²=0.995 9）. The linear relationship was good from 32 to 800 μg/mL;the average sample recovery rate was 101.23%, and the RSD of the average sample recovery rate was 2.63%. The total alkaloid content of annual Stemona tuberosa Lour. was 1.87~4.55 mg/g;the total alkaloid content of the biennial Stemona tuberosa Lour. was 4.52~9.63 mg/g. The acid dye colorimetric method had the advantages of simple operation, good repeatability, and high stability.

Determination of sugar and sugar alcohol content in plum extract by HPLC-ELSD

MA Shu-yi, LIANG Jia-xin, XU Chun-ping, ZHANG Ting, LI Ran, DONG Ai-jun, RONG Lin

2023, 62(12): 158-162. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.029

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A high performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detector （HPLC-ELSD） method was established for the simultaneous determination of fructose, glucose, sorbitol, sucrose, maltose hydrate, maltotriose, and maltotriose in plum extract. The separation was carried out using a Grace Prevail Carbohydrate ES column at a column temperature of 30 ℃; the mobile phase was acetonitrile water, with a flow rate of 1.00 mL/min;the detection used an evaporative light scattering detector, with a drift tube temperature of 60 ℃ and a nitrogen flow rate of 2.50 L/min. The results showed that fructose, sorbitol, glucose, sucrose, maltose hydrate, maltotriose, and maltotetraose had a good linear relationship,ranging from 34.69~2 220.00, 16.22~1 038.00, 38.66~2 474.00, 24.53~1 570.00, 22.91~1 466.00, 6.09~390.00 and 14.69~940.00 μg/mL,respectively,the precision was good, and the relative standard deviation （RSD） of repeatability was 1.00%~4.09%, the recovery rates of each target substance were 85.5%~110.1%, and the precision was 0.3%~4.6% （n=6）. This method achieved the separation of sugar and sugar alcohols within 30 minutes, with good sensitivity and repeatability detection, effectively avoiding the influence of solvents and temperature. The measurement results were accurate and the operation was easy, which could be used for batch detection of sugar and sugar alcohols in plum extract.

Study on HPLC fingerprints of the aboveground and underground parts of Radix Ventilago Leicocarpa from different producing areas in Guangxi

LIU Qian-qian, LI Wen-li, LIANG Xiao-lian, ZHOU Chu-hui, CHEN Yong, LUO Kong-xian, LIU Zhao-xiang

2023, 62(12): 163-170,177. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.030

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In order to establish HPLC fingerprints of the aboveground and underground parts of Radix Ventilago Leicocarpa, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the quality of the aboveground and underground parts of Radix Ventilago Leicocarpa from 10 production areas. Using Agilent ZORBX SB-C18 （4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm） Chromatographic column, acetonitrile 0.1% phosphoric acid gradient elution was conducted, with the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, column temperature of 25 ℃, detection wavelength of 254 nm, and injection volume of 10 μL. The above-ground and underground parts of Radix Ventilago Leicocarpa from 10 production areas were evaluated through similarity evaluation, combined with cluster analysis and principal component analysis. This study had established HPLC fingerprints of the above-ground and underground parts of Radix Ventilago Leicocarpa and calibrated a total of 13 common peaks. According to the principal component comprehensive score model, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the above ground and underground parts of Radix Ventilago Leicocarpa from 10 production areas. The comprehensive quality of Radix Ventilago Leicocarpa in Pingle County, Guilin City, Guangxi was better. This method was easy to operate, had good repeatability, and fast analysis speed, and could be used for the comprehensive quality evaluation of Radix Ventilago Leicocarpa and to standardize the quality of Radix Ventilago Leicocarpa.

Comparison of HPLC fingerprints of Psoralea corylifolia L. before and after salt roasting

WEI Zi-han, WANG Wen-qi, ZHAO Ze-lin, ZHANG Shi-han, ZHANG Li-yan, LI Jun, MA Si-bu

2023, 62(12): 171-177. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.031

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A high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprint of Psoralea corylifolia L. before and after salt roasting was established, and the differences between raw Psoralea corylifolia L. and salted Psoralea corylifolia L. were evaluated by using chemometric methods. HPLC method was used to establish the fingerprint, and the chromatographic column was Waters Symmetry C18 column （4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm）. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 30 ℃, the injection volume was 10 μL, and the detection wavelength was 290 nm. Data analysis was conducted using mirror comparison, partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）, and similarity evaluation analysis methods. HPLC fingerprints of raw Psoralea corylifolia L. and salted Psoralea corylifolia L. were successfully established, identified a total of 14 common peaks were, and determined two components, psoralen and isopsoralen, were identified. Raw Psoralea corylifolia L. had good similarity, and the similarity of Psoralea corylifolia L. after salt roasting changed. The mirror analysis results indicated that there were differences in the HPLC fingerprint of Psoralea corylifolia L. after salt roasting compared to raw Psoralea corylifolia L.. Compared with raw Psoralea corylifolia L., the peaks 1~14 of salted Psoralea corylifolia L. had increased to varying degrees. The PLS-DA analysis results indicated that there were differences in chemical composition between raw Psoralea corylifolia L. and salted Psoralea corylifolia L. The established fingerprint method had good repeatability and stability, and could provide reference for the identification and quality analysis of Psoralea corylifolia L. before and after salt roasting.

International research hotspots and trends analysis of digital agriculture based on CiteSpace

WANG Yue-han, XIA Yu

2023, 62(12): 178-187. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.032

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Using 592 articles from the Web of Science core database from 2004 to 2022 as samples, the CiteSpace bibliometric software was used to visually analyze international research hotspots and trends in digital agriculture. The results indicated that the international research on digital agriculture was showing a sustained growth trend, and after experiencing a period of theoretical exploration and stable development, it was in a period of rapid outbreak;international research focused on the theory, methods, policies, and practical applications of digital agriculture, while its main focus was still on developed countries in Europe and America, led by the United States. Although China had a large number of publications, its international academic influence needed to be improved;the research focus had shifted from the focus on big data and the impact of artificial intelligence on digital agriculture, to the innovation of digital agriculture technology, the performance of digital agriculture IoT devices, and the construction and maintenance of digital agriculture supply chain platforms;the forefront of digital agriculture research included the combination of big data analysis technology and GIS technology to process agricultural monitoring data, agricultural technological innovation to promote green development of agriculture, and artificial intelligence methods to support agricultural decision-making systems. In addition, the problems existing in the development of digital agriculture were sorted out, and the prospects for the development of digital agriculture were looked forward to.

Design and implementation of a grid governance platform for meteorological disaster prevention based on a data sharing system

QIU Zhong-yang, JIANG Jun, CHEN Hong-bo, YAO Li-na

2023, 62(12): 188-194,217. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.033

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In order to address the practical need for timely and efficient targeted release of meteorological information to decision maker or ordinary users in a grid format, the Changzhou Meteorological Bureau, relying on the internal data sharing system, combined with the Changzhou emergency warning information platform and the Changzhou municipal social governance modernization linkage command platform, had designed and developed the grid governance platform for meteorological disaster prevention.This platform could efficiently and accurately publish information such as warnings, forecasts, important notifications, meteorological disaster prevention and reduction to the PC or APP used by grid personnel, and then spread it by grid personnel. Technically, the data sharing system used in the grid governance platform for meteorological disaster prevention introduced a Token token management mechanism,the software design adopted a B/S data processing architecture, the database relied on Oracle, and the data retrieval used the Mybatis framework to provide API services.The actual use results indicated that the system was flexible and efficient, and basically met the service requirements.

Association analysis of NARS2 gene variation and carcass and meat quality traits in selenium black pig

QIAO Tong-tong, ZHANG Yu, LI Zi-peng, QIAO Mu, QIN Zhen-yang, PENG Xian-wen, WU Jun-jing

2023, 62(12): 195-199. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.034

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A g.101284 C>T mutation site was found in intron 9 of the NARS2 gene in the selenium black pig population. After genotyping using PCR product direct sequencing, association analysis was conducted with 23 phenotypes of carcass and meat quality traits.The results showed that the g.101284 C>T locus of the NASR2 gene significantly affected the skin thickness of pig carcasses （P<0.01）, and significantly affected the eye muscle area, drip loss for 48 hours, and intramuscular fat content traits of pork （P<0.05）. The skin thickness of individuals with CC genotype was significantly lower than that of individuals with TT genotype （P<0.01）;the 48 hours drip loss and intramuscular fat content of individuals with CC genotype were significantly higher than those with other genotypes, while the carcass eye muscle area of individuals with TT genotype was significantly smaller than that of individuals with other genotypes （P<0.05）. Among these four personality traits, there was a certain degree of correlation between other traits except for skin thickness and eye muscle area traits, which were not significantly correlated. Among them, the 48 hours drip loss had the highest correlation with intramuscular fat content traits （r²=0.882, P<0.01）. Therefore, this marker should be reasonably utilized in breeding applications in conjunction with breeding objectives, and individuals of different genotypes should be selected or eliminated for different main selected traits.

Comparative analysis of transcriptome of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium with different nuclear numbers

WANG Hong-li, YANG Yang, HU Xue-bo

2023, 62(12): 200-205,235. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.035

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Using the mycelium of wild Ganoderma lucidum [Ganoderma lucidum （Leyss. ex Fr.） Karst.]（D）, natural mononuclear Ganoderma lucidum （Mo）, and binuclear Ganoderma lucidum （Mu） as materials, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to screen differentially expressed genes, and GO analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis were conducted. Through differential gene analysis, 568 differentially expressed genes were screened. The GO analysis results showed that the differentially expressed genes between wild Ganoderma lucidum （D） and natural mononuclear Ganoderma lucidum （Mo） hyphae were mainly enriched in transcriptional regulation, DNA templating, tRNA aminoacylation, and histone methylation processes;the differentially expressed genes in the mycelium of wild Ganoderma lucidum （D） and binuclear Ganoderma lucidum （Mu） were mainly enriched in processes such as chromatin silencing, L-serine metabolism, and sulfur compound metabolism;the differentially expressed genes in the mycelium of natural mononuclear Ganoderma lucidum （Mo） and binuclear Ganoderma lucidum （Mu） were mainly enriched in processes such as chromatin silencing, DNA template transcription, and glutamate decomposition. The KEGG enrichment results indicated that there were significant differences in the metabolic pathways between natural mononuclear Ganoderma lucidum （Mo） and binuclear Ganoderma lucidum （Mu） mycelium, with differential genes mainly annotated into pathways such as peroxidase and vitamin metabolism.The differential genes between wild Ganoderma lucidum （D） and natural mononuclear Ganoderma lucidum （Mo） mycelium, as well as between wild Ganoderma lucidum （D） and binuclear Ganoderma lucidum （Mu） mycelium, did not show KEGG enrichment, indicating no significant differences in their metabolic pathways. A total of 12 genes with significant differences in expression levels were selected from 3 strains, and the main functions of the genes were predicted.Out of 12 genes, 5 genes could be matched to the GO library. The GO annotation results indicated that these 5 genes were mainly annotated in aspects such as oxidoreductase activity, metal ion binding, membrane regulation, and membrane composition.

The composition of the agricultural technology innovation system in the United States and its enlightenment for China

WAN Qun, WAN Rui, LI Jing-suo

2023, 62(12): 206-211. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.036

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By analyzing the operational mechanisms of organizational management system, policy system and investment system, this paper explored the main reasons for the high level of agricultural technology innovation in the United States. The results indicated that in terms of organizational management system, the responsibilities of federal agencies of the United States Department of Agriculture were clearly divided, and the Department of Agricultural Research Services divided research content by region;the land grant universities and agricultural experimental stations established by each state bore dual responsibilities for teaching and research;private research institutions such as enterprises focused on the research and development of industrial projects.In terms of policy system, agricultural technology research and development in the United States was aimed and guided by national interests. The formulation of agricultural technology policies was in line with the actual needs of social development, with comprehensive content and complete system.In terms of investment system, the intensity of agricultural technology innovation investment was high, and the emphasis on basic research and applied basic research investment had promoted the improvement of agricultural technology innovation capabilities in the United States. Finally, based on the practical experience of agricultural technology innovation activities in the United States, the path to enhance China’s agricultural technology innovation capability was proposed.

Empirical study on performance evaluation of precision poverty alleviation of traditional Chinese medicine in Gansu Province

LUO Zhong-hua, PANG Shu-xia, YUN Li-xin, HU Yi

2023, 62(12): 212-217. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.037

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The improved grey relational analysis method was used to empirically analyze the precision poverty alleviation performance of traditional Chinese medicine in Gansu Province. The results showed that the precision poverty alleviation of traditional Chinese medicine in Gansu Province had achieved remarkable results. Although there were differences in different fields between counties and districts, traditional Chinese medicine industry poverty alleviation, e-commerce poverty alleviation, ecology poverty alleviation and health poverty alleviation played obvious roles. Traditional Chinese medicine in Gansu Province had played an important role in precision poverty alleviation and boosting farmers’ poverty alleviation and income increase, but its contribution to regional economy and the promotion of ecological protection needed to be improved. Gansu Province should use the effectiveness and experience of traditional Chinese medicine precision poverty alleviation, traditional Chinese medicine industry innovation and development as the first way to boost rural revitalization of Gansu Province, take further improve the health service and e-commerce service system of traditional Chinese medicine, vigorously promote the education poverty alleviation of traditional Chinese medicine, and expand the scale of traditional Chinese medicine ecological poverty alleviation to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry.

Research on the performance survey and countermeasures of scientific and technological service of science and technology commissioners

MIAO Hua-ying, JIA Li-gui, WANG Xiao-li, XIONG Fei, WANG Lu, ZHOU Yang, GE Shuang-tao

2023, 62(12): 218-224. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.038

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Taking agricultural science and technology commissioners in Shiyan City as the object, the questionnaire survey and interview were used to quantitatively analyze the performance of the scientific and technological service of science and technology commissioners with SPSS 20.0 statistical software. The results showed that the agricultural science and technology commissioners in Shiyan City mainly were scientific and technological talents from scientific research institutes and agricultural technology extension departments, and formed a scientific and technological service mode with technical assistance and policy publicity as the main, and project cooperation as the auxiliary. The trust and service satisfaction of agricultural operation subjects to science and technology commissioners were important factors that affected the service performance of science and technology commissioners. According to the analysis results, combined with the current situation of agricultural development in Shiyan City, some countermeasures and suggestions of optimizing management mode, constructing long-term mechanism,paying attention to talent cultivation, improving service level, changing service mode, improving service effect, strengthening accurate service, and enhancing the trust and satisfaction of scientific and technological special work were put forward.

Research on the influencing factors of farmers’ willingness to expand industrial scale:Taking the sample of thousands of kiwifruit industry in Wuling Mountain Area as an example

TAN Ming-jiao, QI Chun-jie

2023, 62(12): 225-230，封三. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.039

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Taking Wuling Mountain Area, a contiguous poverty-stricken area that had been lifted out of poverty along with the whole country, as a sample survey area, the kiwifruit industry as an example, the factors that affected kiwifruit growers’ expansion of planting scale from three dimensions of external physical level, external soft power level, and internal cause level were analyzed. The results showed that factors such as the degree of suitable mechanization production, distance from commercial centers, proportion of hardened roads, number of professional and technical personnel for household guidance, agricultural machinery subsidies, number of rural revitalization residents, gender and age of the household positively affected farmers’ willingness to expand industrial scale; factors such as the frequency of natural disasters, courier stations, the education level and physical condition of the household had a negative impact on farmers’ willingness to expand industrial scale. Based on this, some countermeasures and suggestions from three levels of industrial infrastructure construction, industries comprehensive support policies and industrial technical talents were proposed. “Local specialties” were focused on the effective connection between characteristic agricultural industries and rural industrial revitalization was promoted, and the achievements of poverty alleviation were consolidated and expanded to effectively connect with rural revitalization.

The impact of capital structure of cooperatives on members’ income:Taking the data of Hubei Province as an example

WU Ya-ling, LUO Hong-mei, WANG Sheng-song, WU Chao, LEI Ze

2023, 62(12): 231-235. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.040

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Based on data from fruit and vegetable cooperatives in Hubei Province, the capital structure theory was used to analyze the mechanism of the effects of cooperative natural capital,equity capital, human capital, social capital, and surplus distribution on the income of ordinary members,and a BP neural network model was constructed to test the impact factors of capital structure on the income of ordinary members. The results showed that the tilted capital structure of cooperatives led to the weakening of the rights and property rights of ordinary members and the solidification of capital structure of cooperatives, and the income increase effect on ordinary members was not strong. Finally, the policy suggestions of guiding farmers to participate in the distribution of production factors such as land, labor, and agricultural machinery in cooperatives, expanding the scope of cooperative investment, promoting the reform of equity based financial subsidies for cooperatives, and building a cooperative capital structure that balanced “big farmers” and “small farmers” for balancing the capital structure of cooperatives were put forward.

Research on the measurement and driving factors of integrated development level of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in Qira County of Xinjiang under the background of rural revitalization

LU Yong-rong, WU Wen-jie, ZHAO Yan-mei, KAIDIRIYE Aili, LIU Shan-shan

2023, 62(12): 236-242. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.041

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The entropy method, agricultural industry integration index model, and gray correlation analysis method were used to calculate and analyze the level of rural industry integration and driving factors in Qira County, Xinjiang from 2015 to 2019. The results showed that during the study period, the ACDI index of Qira County increased from 0.108 9 to 0.566 4, but it was still in its infancy. Both the index of the industrial integration behavior and the integrated development economic and social benefit showed an increasing trend. The four sub-indexes of industrial chain extension, agricultural multi-functional expansion, integration of agriculture and service industry, income increase and employment all showed steady growth, and the trend of urban-rural integration fluctuated slightly. Related industries, market demand and other five factors were highly correlated with the industrial integration development in Qira County, and the impact was significant. Accordingly, the integrated development models of industries in Qira County such as “connecting secondary and tertiary industries” “relying on the secondary industry to connect the tertiary industry” “spanning the secondary industry to connect the tertiary industry”, and “connecting the tertiary industry to the primary industry” were proposed. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward from the aspects of effectively extending the agricultural industry chain, promoting new agricultural business forms, and perfecting talents, finance, science and technology guarantee system, in order to promote the consolidation of poverty alleviation and industrial integrated development in Qira County, realize industrial prosperity and help rural revitalization.

The impact of China’s digital inclusive finance on the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas

ZHAO Min, ZHANG Yi

2023, 62(12): 243-251. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.042

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The impact mechanism of digital inclusive finance on the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas was combed, and the impact of digital inclusive finance on the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas was empirically analyzed based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2019. The results showed that the coverage breadth, use depth and digitization degree of digital inclusive finance had a significant positive correlation with the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas. Among them, the coverage breadth and use depth had significant regional heterogeneity differences between north and south, but the digitization degree did not show significant differences. Further research showed that there was a positive spatial spillover effect in the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas, and the digital inclusive finance and pilot of the “broadband village” had a significant positive spatial spillover effect on the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas. Finally, countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to better promote the green transformation of agriculture and rural areas and realize the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas.

Evaluation of social and economic benefits of land expropriation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

LAI Yan-juan, XUE Rui, ZHAO Ying-hui

2023, 62(12): 252-256，封三. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.12.043

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Based on the economic and social data of the total expropriated land area, GDP, total social fixed asset investment, local fiscal revenue, and urban population of the provinces （cities） of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2019, the evaluation index system of land expropriation benefits was built, the social and economic benefits of land expropriation of the Yangtze River Economic Belt were calculated by hierarchical analysis and entropy right method, and the spatial analysis was conducted by GIS. The results showed that the land expropriation benefits of provinces （cities） in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2019 fluctuated significantly. From 2006 to 2009, the land expropriation benefits fluctuated greatly, and from 2010 to 2019, the land expropriation benefits fluctuated slightly. On the whole, the land expropriation benefits in the Yangtze River Economic Belt were relatively low, and the number of provinces （cities） with low and relatively low benefits was large. The spatial differences of land expropriation benefits in the Yangtze River Economic Belt were great, not only among the three regions of the east, middle and west, but also within the three regions, and there was no convergence phenomenon of clubs.

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