HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Generation,identification and application of rice mutants

LIU Shao-yang, HAN Rong, LI Zhi-xin

2022, 61(23): 5-10. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.001

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Using a variety of methods to create abundant mutant materials is of great significance for rice （Oryza sativa L.） genetics research and new variety breeding research. The creation methods （natural mutagenesis, physical mutagenesis, chemical mutagenesis, somatic cell cloning and plant transgenic technology） and identification methods （phenotypic identification, cytological identification, isozyme identification and molecular identification） of rice mutants, as well as the comparison analysis and prospect of different methods.

Research progress of functional rice

DU Xue-shu, LI Jin-bo, XIA Ming-yuan, QI Hua-xiong, YANG Da-bing, HU Liang, WAN Bing-liang

2022, 61(23): 11-14. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.002

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The classification, nutritional characteristics, genetic mechanism and current progress of functional rice were introduced, and some suggestions on the development of functional rice and its industry were put forward, in order to provide reference for the research progress of functional rice.

Variation trend of wheat quality in Hubei Province from 2006 to 2018

ZHANG Zi-hao, LI Xiang-cheng, WU Hao-tian, FU Peng-hao, XIAO Qi-he, GAO Chun-bao, ZOU Juan

2022, 61(23): 15-20. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.003

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By studying the changes of wheat quality indicators in Hubei Province from 2006 to 2018, the quality change trend of wheat in Hubei Province was analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for the application of wheat planting and cultivation management measures in Hubei Province. The results showed that the bulk density, stability time, tensile area and maximum tensile resistance of wheat in Hubei Province were less affected by environmental changes in the past 13 years, and the bulk density was significantly positively correlated with the year. There was no significant correlation between grain crude protein content and wet gluten content and year, and there was a significant negative correlation with rainfall, indicating that grain crude protein content and wet gluten content were greatly affected by the environment. Targeted cultivation mode was an important measure to improve the living environment of wheat and improve the quality of wheat in Hubei Province.

Modeling and analysis of the impact of severe convective weather on agricultural production based on least square method： A case study of Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province

LIU Yan-qun, LUO Ye-hong, XIONG Ying, GUO Yong-ting

2022, 61(23): 21-25. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.004

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Taking Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province as an example, the modeling analysis method of the impact of severe convective weather on agricultural production based on the least square method was studied, so as to provide a reliable basis for effectively preventing and reducing agricultural production problems caused by severe convective weather. The data related to severe convective weather prediction were collected by Doppler radar, and the radar reflectivity image generated by the reflectivity factor was used to identify severe convective weather and extract the characteristics of storm monomer. Combined with TITAN and SCIT algorithms, taking into account the internal structure and overall information of the storm, the storm monomer was tracked, and the least square straight line fitting method was used to fit the trajectory of the monomer. By calculating the monomer velocity and performing the single extrapolation operation, the severe convective weather prediction results were obtained. Combined with the general situation of the study area, the impact of severe convective weather on agricultural production was analyzed. The experimental results showed that this method could effectively predict severe convective weather. The application of the prediction results to the analysis of the impact of severe convective weather on agricultural production could provide a reliable basis for effectively preventing and reducing the harm of severe convective weather to agricultural production.

Study on ecological restoration and quantitative evaluation optimization of wetland park in coal-mining subsidence area

YIN Hong-he

2022, 61(23): 26-29. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.005

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Taking the wetland park in the coal-mining subsidence area as the research object, and based on the sustainable theory and performance theory, a wetland park evaluation system on the basis of the characteristics of coal-mining subsidence wetland was constructed to comprehensively evaluate the sustainable development of the wetland park. Taking Pan’an Lake National Wetland Park as an example, the evaluation system proposed in this study was verified. Finally, the optimization strategies of Pan’an Lake National Wetland Park were proposed from the three aspects of ecological environment construction, humanity landscape and development space of the landscape.

Construction of ecological security pattern based on circuit theory： A case study of Ganzhou City

LIU Chun-fei, LIU Ping-hui, ZHU Chuan-min

2022, 61(23): 30-37. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.006

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Taking Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province as the study area, the years 2000, 2010 and 2020 were selected as the study time points to identify the final ecological security pattern of Ganzhou City on the basis of ecosystem service value evaluation and circuit theory. The results showed that the ecological core area of Ganzhou City, totaling 7 780.32 km², mainly consisted of stable ecological source lands, forest lands with high ecosystem service values, and national forest parks and nature reserves; the ecological buffer area, totaling 5 993.92 km², was mainly a buffer zone constructed to protect ecological source lands, which had a certain protective effect on ecological source lands; the soil and water conservation zone, totaling 499.90 km², mainly consisted of rivers and reservoirs in the study area; the key restoration area, totaling 1 178.33 km², mainly consisted of ecological pinch points and ecological barrier areas; and the urban construction area, totaling 2 873.40 km², mainly consisted of areas with high values of ecological resistance such as urban land and rural settlements. In addition, corresponding ecological restoration proposals were made for ecologically fragile areas.

Exploration on key technologies and practical paths for carbon reduction in food systems

BAI Zhen-zhong, LU Yun-hao, WANG Hong-ling

2022, 61(23): 38-44. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.007

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On the basis of the existing research, the carbon reduction technologies in the production, processing, packaging, transportation and storage of the food system were summarized, and their application effects were analyzed. In view of the inherent inadequacy of carbon emission reduction technologies in Chinese food system, the unsoundness of the carbon emission reduction evaluation system, and the high cost of related technology promotion, countermeasures such as strengthening top-level design, encouraging and supporting the development of new carbon emission reduction technologies, and improving carbon emission reduction technology subsidies were proposed by drawing on domestic and international experiences, and starting from carbon labeling technologies and ESG system of food industry.

Effects of lime and microbial inoculants on yield of soybean interplanting watermelon and fertility of red soil

LIU Kai-lou, LI Hao, ZHANG Jing-yun, HU Dan-dan, SONG Hui-jie, HU Zhi-hua

2022, 61(23): 45-48. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.008

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In order to improve the fertility of red soil and increase the yield of soybean and watermelon, the effects of lime combined with microbial agents on the yield of soybean intercropping watermelon and the fertility of red soil were studied. 4 treatments including CK （conventional fertilization control）, L （lime application on the basis of conventional fertilization）, M （microbial agent application on the basis of conventional fertilization）, and L+M （lime and microbial agent application on the basis of conventional fertilization） were set in the experiment. The results showed that compared with the control, the yield of fresh soybean under L, M and L+M treatments was increased by 18.40%, 22.45% and 32.96%, respectively, and the yield of watermelon was increased by 15.20%, 27.20% and 41.37%, respectively. Compared with the control, soil available N, P and K under L+M treatment increased by 43.49%, 48.21% and 23.91% respectively, and soil pH increased by 0.69 units. The comprehensive fertility quality index was significantly positively correlated with the yield of fresh soybean and watermelon （P<0.05）. On red soil upland, the combination of lime and microbial agents could significantly enhance the crop yield of soybean interplanting watermelon pattern, improve the soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient supply, and increase the comprehensive fertility index.

Nutrient characteristics of the different green manure varieties and their effects on vineyard soil nutrients

LIU Wen-ting

2022, 61(23): 49-53. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.009

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In order to clarify the nutrient characteristics of different green manure varieties and elucidate their influence on the soil nutrient of vineyards in Fu’an City, Fujian Province, 8 green manure varieties, including Astragalus sinicus L., Vicia villosa Roth, Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens Koch,Vicia sativa L., Lolium perenne L., Brassica napus L., Raphanus sativus L., Trifolium incarnatum L., were introduced to study the field growth and nutrient characteristics of different green manure varieties and their effects on vineyard soil nutrient content, with clear tillage as a control. The results showed that the weed inhibition ability, insect and pests resistance, yield and nutrient content at the full flowering stage of Vicia villosa Roth and Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens Koch were better than those of Astragalus sinicus L., Lolium perenne L., Vicia sativa L., Brassica napus L., Raphanus sativus L. and Trifolium incarnatum L.; compared with other green manure varieties, it was more effective to cultivate Vicia villosa Roth and Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens Koch in facility vineyards to improve soil nutrient and soil pH. Therefore, two green manure varieties of Vicia villosa Roth and Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens Koch suitable for planting in vineyards in Fu’an City were selected.

Occurrence regularity of Empoasca （Matsumurasca） onukii Matsuda and trapping effect of yellow sticky trap hanging orientation on it

LONG Li-xue, YU Xiang-shuai, LI Xiao-xia, LUO Mei-yun, CHEN Hong-yun, LUO Zi-wen, WANG Xue-song, LONG Ya-qin

2022, 61(23): 54-57. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.010

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The occurrence regularity of Empoasca （Matsumurasca） onukii Matsuda in the tea garden and the trapping effect of yellow board hanging orientation on it were studied by field survey from 2016 to 2021. The results showed that there were two peaks in most years, the first peak was from mid-May to early July, the second peak was from early September to late October, and there was only one peak in a few years, which occurred from mid-June to late July; the proportion of adults was less than that of nymphs; the trapping effect of the yellow sticky trap with different hanging directions was north-south > north > east-west > east, west and south.

Research progress of acylated flavonoid glycosides compounds

ZHONG Chao-min, XU Nian-zhi, LI Bing

2022, 61(23): 58-68. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.011

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The acylated structure of flavonoid glycosides can significantly enhance the stability and efficacy of compounds, which has become a research hotspot in many fields. In recent years, a large number of studies have found that acylated flavonoid glycosides exist in many plant medicines, and the biological activity of these components has also attracted wide attention. In this study, acylated flavonoid glycosides from various plants were classified and the biological activities of these products were summarized.

Study on adsorption of paraquat by coconut shell activated carbon

FAN Kai-xuan, LI Meng-zhi, XIE Shang-hong, FENG Xiao-yun, LI Tao, LIANG Zhen, BAO Ji-hai

2022, 61(23): 69-73. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.012

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The influencing factors and mechanism of paraquat removal by coconut shell charcoal modified by nitric acid were studied by batch adsorption technology. The effects of pH, rotational speed, dosage, temperature and initial concentration of YK-6 were studied. From the kinetic data, 6 h was used as the equilibrium time to determine the adsorption isotherm test. The adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Brouers-Sotolongo （BS） adsorption isotherm models. When the pH was 2~9, the adsorption increased with the increase of pH, which was the result of the increase of the affinity between paraquat molecules and acidic functional groups on the surface of coconut shell carbon. Through Arrhenius formula fitting calculation, it was found that the process had an obvious chemical adsorption effect. BS isotherm model describes the adsorption process, the maximum adsorption energy of BS model measured at 37 ℃ was 88.47 mg/g. The Lagergren quasi-first-order, Lagergren quasi-second-order, Elovich and Avrami models were used to fit the kinetic results, and it was found that the Avrami model was the most suitable.

Effects of different fertilizer reduction techniques on yield and quality of facility amaranth

DU Lei, SUN Xiong-jun, CHEN Li-ping, WANG Su-ping, ZHANG Gui-you, HUANG Xiang, JIANG Li, CHENG Wei-shun, LUO Xi, LIU Xin, HONG Juan, CHEN Hong

2022, 61(23): 74-77. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.013

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Aiming at the excessive application of chemical fertilizers in the production of facility leafy vegetables, the effects of four fertilizer reduction techniques on amaranth yield and quality in Wuhan were studied. The fertilizer reduction techniques included soil testing and formulated fertilization（T2）, organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer（T3）, organic small molecule water soluble fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer（T4） and fertigation technology（T5）. The results showed that T4, T3, T2 and T5 treatments increased yield by 10.59%, 4.07%, 2.36% and 5.06% per hectare compared with farmers’ conventional fertilization （T1 treatment）. Compared with conventional fertilization, the contents of soluble sugar, protein and VC of different fertilizer reduction techniques were significantly increased, while the content of nitrate was decreased. The nutritional quality of Amaranth in T3 and T4 treatments was the best. In terms of cumulative nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of Amaranth, T4 treatment was significantly higher than T1 treatment, T3 and T1 treatments had no significant difference, T2 and T5 treatments were significantly lower than T1 treatment. The above results indicated that under the conditions of this experiment, organic small molecule water-soluble fertilizer substitution technology had the best effect of reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency.

Effects of paddy-upland rotation on growth of Morchella in continuous cropping field in northwest Hubei

CHENG Xu, YU Hai-zhong, YANG Qing, LI Li-yun, WANG Wen-jian, CHEN Jin-lin, LIU Xing-le

2022, 61(23): 78-82. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.014

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Continuous cropping of Morchella will bring continuous cropping obstacles, resulting in a decline in the yield of Morchella and economic efficiency. On the plot of two years of continuous cropping of Morchella, the treatment group was planted with Morchella after planting a crop of rice by paddy-upland rotation, and the control group was planted with Morchella after planting a crop of watermelon by dry land rotation. By comparing the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, the growth indexes and diseases of Morchella, the effects of paddy-upland rotation on morel in continuous cropping fields were explained. The results showed that paddy-upland rotation could alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of Morchella, which was mainly reflected in the fact that paddy-upland rotation could repair the soil environment for the growth of Morchella to a certain extent, shorten the growth cycle of Morchella, improve the stress resistance of Morchella, and at the same time reduce the occurrence of morel disease.

Comparison of cultivation adaptability of three cigar wrapper varieties in Enshi tobacco planting area of Hubei Province

YANG Rong-zhou, WANG She-liang, YU Jun, YANG Chun-lei, XU Fang-sen, YANG Jin-peng

2022, 61(23): 83-88. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.015

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In order to make up the raw material shortcoming of the development of domestic cigars, the research was expected to screen out the high quality cigar wrapper varieties which were suitable for the ecological climate of Hubei Enshi producing area. Taking cigar wrapper varieties CX-007, CX-010 and CX-012 as the research object, this experiment was conducted in the experimental tobacco area of Enshi, Hubei Province. Starting from the three aspects of field character, stress response and nutritional quality, the relevant character indexes were investigated and sampled at the maturity stage and the end of drying, so as to explore high-quality cigar tobacco varieties suitable for cultivation in Enshi, Hubei Province. The results showed that leaf length and leaf width of CX-012 was better, followed by CX-010. In terms of chlorophyll content, CX-012 had the better performance, followed by CX-070 and CX-010. In terms of stress resistance, three varieties showed differences at maturity, CX-012 had the dominant content of soluble sugar and soluble protein, while CX-007 had the higher content of malondialdehyde and POD activity. There was no significant difference in chemical composition among the three varieties. Therefore, from the agronomic traits, CX-012 was more suitable for the raw material of dark cigar wrapper. The stress resistance index also indicated that CX-012 might be easier to grow in Enshi area.

Effects of planting grass on soil fertility, photosynthetic performance and fruit quality in apricot orchard

WANG Duan, LIU Zhi-kun, CHEN Xue-feng, JING Chen-juan, LI Ya-nan, DONG Hui, WU Xiao-hong

2022, 61(23): 89-92. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.016

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In order to explore the management mode of the apricot orchard and clarify the effects of natural grass on soil fertility,photosynthetic performance and fruit quality, the differences of soil fertility, photosynthetic performance of apricot leaves and fruit quality of fresh apricot were compared by using with natural grass as treatment and clean tillage as the control for three consecutive years. The results showed that, compared with clear tillage treatment, natural grass treatment for three consecutive years increased the contents of organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium in apricot orchard soil, and the effects were most obvious in 0~20 cm soil layer, which increased by 8.88%, 38.17% and 11.72%, respectively. The available P content in soil could be increased, but the difference was not significant. Compared with clear tillage, during the fruit expansion stage the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of leaves under natural grass treatment increased by 10.62% and 9.60%, respectively and the photosynthetic capacity was significantly improved. Soluble solid content of apricot fruit increased by 16.09%, titratable acid content decreased by 7.87%, and fresh food quality was improved obviously. In conclusion, natural grass was suitable for spreading in the apricot orchard, and long-term implementation had the effect of improving quality and efficiency.

Study on HPLC-RID fingerprint chromatogram and pattern recognition in the processing of Rehmanniae radix

ZHANG Li-xian, NING Er-juan, LI Zhi-ning, WEI Yue, LI Fei-fei, ZHANG Tao-tao

2022, 61(23): 93-96. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.017

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Aiming to establish the HPLC-RID characteristic chromatogram and various sugar content determination methods of different processing products of Rehmanniae radix, and analyze the change trend of sugar composition in the processing process combining pattern recognition, Agilent ZORBAX NH₂ column （250.0 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm） was used with acetonitrile-pure water （70∶30） mixed solution as mobile phase, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, column temperature was 40 ℃, flow cell temperature was 50 ℃, and a HPLC-RID characteristic chromatographic analysis method for different processed products of Rehmanniae radix was established. The contents of fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose and stachyose in different processed products of Rehmanniae radix were determined by the external standard method. Principal component analysis （PCA） and hierarchical cluster analysis （HCA） pattern recognition methods were used to analyze the differences and associations of sugar components in different processed products of fresh Rehmanniae radix （including Rehmanniae radix slice）, Rehmanniae radix and Rehmanniae radix praeparata. The results showed that, 12 batches of Rehmanniae radix samples were analyzed, 6 common peaks in the HPLC-RID characteristic chromatogram were matched, and 5 chromatographic peaks were identified. There was no significant difference between Rehmanniae radix slice and fresh Rehmanniae radix. The content of stachyose in fresh Rehmanniae radix was the highest. In the processing from fresh to dried to prepared Rehmanniae radix, the content of stachyose decreased sharply and the content of fructose increased continuously. PCA and HCA could distinguish different processed products, and the results were consistent. It was concluded that, HPLC-RID characteristic map could reflect the changes in the processing of Rehmanniae radix. Simultaneous determination of five sugars in Rehmanniae radix by HPLC-RID method was simple and reliable, which provided research foundation for the extraction technology screening of sugar components and product development of Rehmanniae radix.

Effects of different fertilizer application on the yield and quality of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

ZHOU Jie, YI Li-mei, QI Chuan-dong, WU Jin-ping, WU Fang-hua, ZHOU Jia-wu, WEN Sheng-qiao, GUO Feng-ling

2022, 61(23): 97-100. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.018

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In order to optimize the scientific fertilization management of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. in Dangyang City, a study was carried out on the effects of different fertilizer combinations on the yield and quality by reducing the application amount of different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and increasing the application of biological bacterial fertilizer without reducing the amount of potassium fertilizer. The results showed that when increasing the application of microbial fertilizer and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer by 13.7%, the soluble protein of the underground stems of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. increased by 44.2%, and the vitamin C content increased by 33.6% compared with the conventional fertilization （CK）. The plant height and stem diameter in the growing period were not significantly affected, and the yield was 2.3% higher than that of the control. The growth indicators and yield of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. had a certain degree of reduction when only reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer application without increasing the application of microbial fertilizer. Therefore, without reducing potassium fertilizer, reducing the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer by 13.7% and increasing the application of microbial fertilizer was more suitable for the current fertilizer demand in the cultivation of Houttuynia cordata Thunb., which could promote the efficient and green cultivation of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. in Dangyang City.

Comparative analysis on nutritional components between fruit and leaves of Litsea cubeba

YU Hong-tao, SHI Yan-cai, ZOU Rong, WEI Xiao

2022, 61(23): 101-104. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.019

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The total amount and components of volatile oil, mineral elements and amino acids in fruit and leaves of Litsea cubeba （Lour.） Pers. were determined by the national standard method, in order to provide a basis for the development and utilization of Litsea cubeba resources. The results showed that, the content of fat and crude fiber in Litsea cubeba fruit was obviously higher than those in leaves; the contents of protein, carbohydrate and vitamin C in Litsea cubeba leaves were obviously higher than those in fruits. Litsea cubeba oil mainly existed in Litsea cubeba fruit. The contents of phosphorus, zinc, copper and potassium in Litsea cubeba fruit were higher, and the contents of iron, manganese, selenium, calcium and magnesium in Litsea cubeba leaves were higher. The amino acid composition of Litsea cubeba fruit and leaves was similar, and the value of the essential amino acid in fruit was lower than that in leaves. Generally speaking, Litsea cubeba fruit and leaves contained essential oils, which could be used for the extraction of essential oils. At the same time, they were rich in nutritional value and had the potential to be developed into food.

Biological characteristics of Atractylodes macrocephala seeds from Xianfeng County

ZHOU Wu-xian, LI Da-rong, ZHOU Liang, WANG Hua, QU Jin-wen, ZHANG Mei-de, LIU Hai-hua

2022, 61(23): 105-110. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.020

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Atractylodes macrocephala seeds were used as test materials to learn the biological characteristics of A. macrocephala seeds from different regions of Xianfeng through determination of their morphology, thousand kernel weight, vigor, water absorption, water content and germination rate. Meanwhile, the disinfection method and hormone treatment were studied so as to lay the foundation for exploring excellent seeds and developing efficient seedling breeding methods of A. macrocephala. The results showed that there was no significant difference in morphology, viability and water absorption among A. macrocephala seeds from different regions of Xianfeng. The seeds from Lizixi2, Huolongping and Zhongxinchang possessed higher thousand kernel weight, water content and germination rate, respectively, compared with the seeds from other regions. 5% potassium permanganate, 3% hydrogen peroxide, 75% ethanol and 3% sodium hypochlorite could significantly reduce the mildew rate of A. macrocephala seeds, among which 3% sodium hypochlorite showed good germicidal efficacy and improved the seed germination rate, while 75% ethanol strongly inhibited the seed germination. Compared with the control, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L GA₃all increased the seed germination rate by 20.4%. 5, 10 and 20 mg/L IAA significantly increased the seed germination rate by 31.0%, 25.9% and 24.3%, respectively. 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L 6-BA remarkably increased the seed germination rate by 27.1% and 32.2%, respectively. In conclusion, the A. macrocephala seeds from Zhongxinchang possessed higher vigor, germination rate and germination potential than seeds from other regions, which could be used as dominant seed resources in Xianfeng. The best method of disinfection was soaking seeds in 3% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min. Moreover, 100~400 mg/L GA₃, 5~20 mg/L IAA and 5~10 mg/L 6-BA were beneficial for the germination of A. macrocephala seeds.

Analysis on the progress of nutritional value and utilization about the pea

SUN Long-qing, LI Li, HAN Xue-song, CHEN Hong-wei, LIU Liang-jun, LIU Chang-yan

2022, 61(23): 111-116. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.021

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The nutritional components of the vegetable peas and dried grain were reviewed, and then the effects of processing factors on the changes of nutritive active substances in vegetable peas were summarized in detail. In this paper, the utilization value of peas as feed in the breeding industry, as well as the development of its special pharmacological active ingredients for the treatment of human diseases in recent years were also introduced. Combining with the current research hotspots, the prospective applications of the pea as a functional crop were discussed and prospected.

Study on the abundance of VP7 protein of Bluetongue virus expressed by recombinant Baculovirus under two culture conditions

CHEN Chao-lin, HAN Dian-gang, YANG Yun-qing, ZHANG Chong, LI Jing, LUO Qian-min, YIN Shang-lian, DONG Xian-lan, LI Ling-feng, SHI Ya-ling, AI Jun, XIN Ji-ge

2022, 61(23): 117-120. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.022

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In order to obtain Bluetongue virus （BTV） VP7 protein with high abundance expression on the recombinant Baculovirus, the recombinant Baculovirus was cultured by cell attachment culture and shake flask culture. After 5 days of culture, the culture medium was collected every day. The expression of BTV VP7 protein was detected by ELISA, and the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that the expression of BTV VP7 protein in adherent culture was significantly higher than that in shake flask culture. The expression of BTV VP7 protein in both culture conditions was the highest on the third day, and then began to decline. The results showed that the Baculovirus insect cell system was more suitable for large-scale expression of BTV VP7 protein by adherent culture.

Effects of mulberry leaf powder on egg physical index and cholesterol content

CHEN Ling, ZHANG Ting, CHENG Liang-kai, LIU Ke-hua, FAN Ao-yun, WANG Jian, KE Da-jun

2022, 61(23): 121-124. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.023

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5% mulberry leaf powder was added to the basic diet of laying hens to analyze its effect on egg physical indexes and cholesterol content, providing data reference for optimizing Ankang mulberry leaf egg physical indexes. The instruments were used to detect the egg shape, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, eggshell color, yolk color, egg weight and eggshell weight of eggs, and colorimetry was used to determine the cholesterol content of egg yolk. The results showed that the egg shape index of laying hens fed with 5% mulberry leaf powder was changed compared with that of ordinary eggs, but the difference was not significant; there was no difference in eggshell color between the groups, and the eggshell color uniformity was good; the eggshell strength and yolk color depth of mulberry leaf eggs were significantly higher than those of common eggs （P<0.05）; the ratio of eggshell weight to egg weight of mulberry leaf eggs （11.61%） was higher than that of common eggs （11.30%）, and the difference was not significant （P>0.05）; the eggshell thickness of mulberry leaf eggs was significantly higher than that of common eggs（P<0.01）; there was no significant difference in cholesterol content between mulberry leaf eggs and common eggs, but the cholesterol content of mulberry leaf eggs was lower than that of common eggs. From the taste, the eggs added with mulberry leaf powder had no fishy smell, and had the scent of mulberry leaves, which met the requirements of modern people for food.

Construction of recirculating aquaculture system and its application in larval rearing of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

MIN Rui, MEI Jie, XU Jiang, GUO Wen-jie

2022, 61(23): 125-128. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.024

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In order to improve the survival rate and quality of freshwater fish fry, the recirculating aquaculture system （RAS） was planned, designed and constructed in combination with the characteristics of freshwater aquaculture. Taking Pelteobagrus fulvidraco as an example, the application of the system in the breeding of fish fry was studied. During the breeding of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fry, the water temperature was always maintained at 28~29 ℃, and the water quality parameters were relatively stable. The dissolved oxygen （DO） was 5.0~7.0 mg/L, and the pH was 7.5~8.5. After 16 days of cultivation, the total length of the juvenile fish was about 2.5 cm, the weight was about 0.14 g, and the survival rate was more than 80%. In addition, the circulating aquaculture system used heat pump operation, which could save cost compared with the cost of coal combustion, and effectively the operating cost. To sum up, the mode of RAS not only improved the survival rate of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fry, but also reduced labor costs and realized energy conservation and emission reduction.

Effects of different feeding patterns on the growth of Micropterus salmoides

HAN Yu-zhang, WEN Zhou-rui, YI Ai-wu, HUANG Jun, ZHU Zhi-qiang, TONG Wen-yu, ZHENG Hong-ping

2022, 61(23): 129-131. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.025

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Three experimental groups with different feeding frequencies, different feeding rates and compensation feeding were set up to study their effects on the growth of Micropterus salmoides. The results showed that different feeding rates of 2%, 3% and 4% had no significant effect on the growth of Micropterus salmoides. Before the individual weight of 50 g, the feeding rate was 4%, and it gradually decreased to 2% in the later period. Under the condition that the feeding rate was relatively fixed, different feeding frequencies would have an impact on the growth of Micropterus salmoides. Under the conditions of suitable water temperature, it was reasonable to feed twice a day. The experimental fish fed for 5 days and then deprived of feed for 1 day showed fully compensated growth, and there was no significant difference in weight gain rate, daily weight gain and specific growth rate compared with the continuous feeding group （P>0.05）. Therefore, according to the feeding conditions of fish in the breeding process, stopping feeding for 1 day every 5 days could save feed and labor and improve breeding efficiency.

Study on freezing characteristics and quick-frozen quality change of fresh peanuts

LIU Xue-ping, HUANG Li, WANG Liang, GUO Yan-ping, ZHAO Li, ZHAO Xiao-dong, WANG Peng, LIU Ling-xiao, CUI Xiao-mei

2022, 61(23): 132-135. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.026

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The freezing characteristics of fresh peanuts at-25 ℃,-30 ℃ and -35 ℃, and the effects of quick freezing on the color difference, texture, sucrose content and moisture content of fresh peanuts were studied, which provided the theoretical basis and the technical support for determining the quick-freezing technology of fresh peanuts. The results showed that, the freezing point of fresh peanut was -1.5 ℃. When the quick-frozen temperature was below -30 ℃, the quick-frozen requirement of fresh peanuts could be met. When the fresh peanut was frozen at -35 ℃ for 0.5 h, the a* value and ΔE value of fresh peanuts were higher, the color of the peanut could be kept better under this condition, and the hardness, crispness and chewiness of the peanut reached the best at -35 ℃ for 0.5 h. There was a significant negative correlation between sucrose content and water content, the lower the quick-freezing temperature was, the less water content was. On the whole, freezing at -35 ℃ for 0.5 h could be used as the quick-freezing condition of fresh peanuts.

Optimization of the extraction process of volatile oil from Pistacia weinmannifolia leaves based on Box-Behnken response surface method

LI Wen-li, MA Jia-bao, LIANG Xiao-lian, ZHAO Feng-xian, YANG Zheng-teng

2022, 61(23): 136-140. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.027

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The factors and levels of response surface design were determined by the single factor test, and the extraction rate was used as the evaluation index. Combined with Box-Behnken design principle and response surface analysis method, the optimal extraction process of essential oil from Pistacia weinmannifolia leaves was determined. The results showed that the optimal extraction process of Pistacia weinmannifolia leaves was soaking for 2.23 h, adding 10.93 times of the amount of water to the medicinal materials, and extracting for 5.22 h. Under this condition, the extraction rate was 0.481 2%, which was the optimal condition to investigate the factors. The optimized process was simple and stable, and it provided a feasible scheme for the extraction of essential oil from Pistacia weinmannifolia leaves.

Study on freeze-drying process optimization and product characteristics of lactic acid bacteria fermented winter jujube

SHI Yong, SHI Xun, ZONG Wei, ZHANG Qi, PEI Tong-tong, JIAO Rui-ting

2022, 61(23): 141-144. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.028

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In order to determine the freeze-drying process conditions of lactic acid bacteria fermented winter jujube, the freeze-drying process conditions of lactic acid bacteria fermented winter jujube were optimized by orthogonal test, and the effects of different drying methods on product characteristics were compared. The results showed that the optimum conditions for freeze-drying of lactic acid bacteria fermented winter jujube were as follows ： freezing time 3 h, laying thickness 3 cm, partition temperature 50 ℃, vacuum pressure 60 Pa, and the rehydration ratio of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria fermented winter jujube was 3.25 g/g. The viable count, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, polysaccharides, flavonoids and sensory indexes of freeze-dried winter jujube were better than those of hot air drying and vacuum drying products, indicating that freeze-drying was a suitable drying method for fermented winter jujube.

Effects of oxygen concentration on tobacco alcoholization quality

ZHENG Hao, ZHAO Bao-liang, LI Jing-jing, DENG Dan, LI Ya-wen, FANG Yu-qiang

2022, 61(23): 145-149. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.029

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In order to investigate the effects of oxygen concentrations on tobacco alcoholization quality in Wuhan City, tobacco leaves were stored under five different oxygen concentrations （below 2%, 2%~6%, 6%~10%, 10%~15% and 21%）. The results showed that the sensory quality of tobacco leaves improved after one year of alcoholization, and it turned out that the sensory quality of tobacco leaves stored under the condition of 10%~15% oxygen concentration was the best. What’s more, the sensory quality of tobacco leaves was positively correlated with curing oxygen concentration. In terms of physical and chemical quality, there were no significant differences in the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen and nicotine among different treatment groups, while the content of plastid pigment and polyphenol changed the fastest at oxygen concentration of 10%~15%, indicating that the tobacco alcoholization rate was the fastest under this oxygen concentration. Therefore, as for tobacco alcoholization in Wuhan, the 10%~15% oxygen concentration in the alcoholization stage of four-stage controlled atmosphere storage was conducive, since under this oxygen concentration, the conversion rate of tobacco chemical components was faster, and the sensory quality of tobacco leaves was higher in the same time.

Preparation and antioxidant activity evaluation of low molecular mass peptides from monkfish （Lophius litulon） roe

REN Zhe-xin, YAO Si-jia, YE Han-wei, CHEN Yuan-yuan, TANG Yun-ping

2022, 61(23): 150-154. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.030

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The monkfish（Lophius litulon） roe was used as the raw material, the low molecular weight peptide was prepared by complex enzymatic hydrolysis and its antioxidant activity was evaluated. The monkfish roe was hydrolyzed by pepsin and trypsin, respectively. After ultrafiltration, the monkfish roe peptide （MRP） with molecular mass less than 1 kDa was obtained, and its free radicals （DPPH, ABTS, and ·OH） were detected in vitro. In addition, the protective effects of H₂O₂-induced RAW 264.7 cell damage were studied by measuring the cell vitality, MDA, SOD, MDA and GSH-Px levels. The results showed that MRP had a good scavenging effect on DPPH, ABTS and ·OH, and could protect the oxidative damage of RAW 264.7 cells from H₂O₂ to a certain extent. MRP could improve the cell activity and the activities of CAT, SOD and GSH-Px, and reduce the level of MDA. In conclusion, our results indicated that MRP had good antioxidant capacity and could be used as an additive in the research and development of anti-oxidation related products.

Rapid determination of ten inorganic elements in animal muscle by graphite digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

WANG Xiao, CHANG Chen-yang, SHAO Li, LUN Cai-zhi

2022, 61(23): 155-159. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.031

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A method was established for the determination of ten elements in animal muscle by graphite digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the contents of each element were analyzed. With chicken as raw material, the type, dosage, digestion time, temperature and other parameters of the digestion reagent were optimized to determine the optimal graphite digestion conditions, and the matrix interference was eliminated by the on-line internal standard addition method. The results showed that chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic, cadmium and lead had a good linear relationship at the mass concentration of 0~500 ng/mL, and iron and zinc had a good linear relationship at the mass concentration of 0~1 000 ng/mL （r≥ 0.999 9）. The recovery rate of each element was 88.5%~99.3%, and the RSD was 0.15%~1.64%（n=6）. In the actual sample determination, the contents of chromium, arsenic, cadmium and lead in five kinds of animal muscles were lower than the limit requirements of the current national standards, and the contents of manganese, iron, copper, zinc 4 kinds of human body essential elements were abundant. The graphite digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method was suitable for the simple, rapid and accurate determination of 10 elements of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and lead in animal muscle.

Evaluation of pretreatment methods for determination of pesticide residues in peanut oil by GC-MS/MS

ZHOU Wei-jing, HOU Jing, XU Wei, WANG Shu

2022, 61(23): 160-164. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.032

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The extraction methods for the determination of pesticide residues in peanut oil by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS） were compared and optimized. The purification effects of four dispersive adsorbents including C₁₈, primary secondary amine （PSA）, C₁₈ zirconia-coated silica（Z-Sep⁺） and Enhanced Matrix Removal-Lipid（EMR-Lipid） were evaluated. The results showed that the recovery was the highest when the sample was extracted directly with acetonitrile. When the ratio of extraction solvent to sample was increased, the recovery rate was increased. PSA, Z-Sep+ and EMR-Lipid can reduce the interference of the matrix to a certain extent, but each adsorbent had its own characteristics and needs to be selected according to the actual situation of the detected compounds.

Preliminary analysis on nutrition and taste substances of wild loach and Taiwan loach

ZHOU Mei-yu, ZHOU Xiao-ying, YANG Ming-rong, LI Da

2022, 61(23): 165-168. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.033

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The basic nutritional levels and common taste substances of wild loach and Taiwan loach were determined. The results showed that the protein contents of the two loaches were 19.5 and 19.2 g/100 g, respectively, with high content and excellent nutritional value. There was no significant difference in the composition of flavor substances （18 flavor amino acids, 3 flavor nucleotides and trimethylamine oxide）. Taste activity values （TAV） of different taste substances were obtained according to the stimulation threshold of each taste substance. The results showed that alanine, glutamic acid, histidine and glycine contributed more to the taste of wild loach and Taiwan loach, and other taste substances played a synergistic role. The equivalent umami concentration （EUC） value showed that the umami intensity of the two loaches was low, which might be related to the low content of flavor nucleotides.

Research on the characteristics extraction about morphological differences of rice varieties

LU Ze-ru, JIANG Shun-yao, XIONG Qin-xue, QIU Xian-Jin, ZHOU Zi-yao, YANG Quan

2022, 61(23): 169-172. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.034

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The premise of constructing the rice variety feature database is to establish the morphological difference characteristics of rice varieties. The paper quantified 41 morphological characteristics of 31 rice varieties using Image Pro Plus software, and 9 morphological characteristics that reflected the differences of rice varieties were obtained using the discriminant analysis method.There were 4 geometrical shapes（Aspect,Area,Axis （minor）,Axis （major））, and 5 color characteristics（Density（max）,Density（green）,Density（mean）,Density（blue）,Density （std））. The results obtained by clustering analysis of 31 rice varieties were consistent with the results obtained by clustering analysis of 41 morphological characteristic values, indicating that these 9 characteristic values could replace 41 morphological characteristic values and express the differences among rice varieties.

Application of artificial intelligence route planning algorithm for agricultural tourism

WANG Run

2022, 61(23): 173-179. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.035

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The traditional Ant colony algorithm and Genetic algorithm used in tourism route planning have some defects, which have a great impact on the accuracy of the algorithm. To solve this problem,Ant colony-genetic algorithm（AC-GA） was proposed. The complementation of the two algorithms could effectively make up for their respective shortcomings and give full play to their greatest advantages in the optimization of tourism routes. Taking 15 scenic spots in a county of Jiangsu Province as an example, the performance of the algorithm was verified by simulation using Matlab software. The results showed that, under the same parameter setting conditions, the number of iterations when using AC-GA fusion algorithm to find the optimal path was far lower than the traditional Ant colony algorithm, and the convergence speed was faster. The length of the optimal route output by the AC-GA fusion algorithm was 2 457.755 3 km shorter than that of the traditional Ant colony algorithm. The average number of iterations in 10 experiments was 51, which was 68.9% lower than the traditional algorithm. The average search time was 9.01s, which was 79.7% lower than the traditional algorithm. To sum up, the performance of AC-GA fusion algorithm was better than that of traditional algorithms, and it was suitable for agricultural tourism route planning research.

Design and experiment of control system of Lycium chinense intelligent spraying machine

YIN Wen-hao, SHI Ai-ping

2022, 61(23): 180-183. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.036

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The pneumatic sprayer could not spray according to the Lycium chinense plant adaptively, resulting in pesticide residues and insufficient application. Aiming at this problem, an intelligent control system for Lycium chinense spraying was designed. The system measured the size and density of plants through two groups （10 in total） of ultrasonic sensors arranged on both sides of the sprayer, and corrected the traveling speed of the tractor measured by the speed sensor. The controller calculateed the plant model and adjusted each valve separately, so as to achieve real-time adjustment of the spraying amount according to the target of a single plant. The experimental results showed that the intelligent control system could reduce the use of pesticides and effectively reduce pesticide residues.

Research on plowland boundaries extraction based on road-like network for agricultural applications in the plains

ZHENG Ming-xue, SHEN Xiang-cheng, LUO Zhi-qing, CHEN Pin-ting, GUAN Bo, MA Hai-rong

2022, 61(23): 184-189. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.037

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Focusing on the automatic recognition and extraction of plowland boundary in Jianghan Plain based on aerial images, the urban road network space research was introduced to make up for the defects of traditional farmland boundary extraction. The boundary of the plowland parcel in different forms was considered as roads in the urban road network space, and the road-like network space of plowland parcel boundary was constructed. The land parcel boundary was organized in a road-like network space environment, and an appropriate deep learning model was introduced to extract the global static and multi-morphological land parcel boundary. In general, based on the accumulation of previous achievements and the exploration of methods at this stage, a feasibility study had been made to solve the problem of automatic identification and extraction of cultivated land boundary in Jianghan Plain based on aerial images, which provided support and inspiration for other scholars to carry out research on farmland parcel boundary for plain agricultural applications.

Study on Ulva prolifera disaster monitoring based on domestic geostationary satellite GF4-MSS data

DONG Jing-ming, SHI Xuan-shuo, ZHANG Yin-yi, HAO ling, MA Chen-chen

2022, 61(23): 190-196. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.038

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Based on the top-of-atmosphere reflectance of the domestic geostationary satellite GF4-MSS （Multi-spectral Scanner） sensor, the greenness index obtained by tasseled cap transformation analysis was used to realize the accurate monitoring of Ulva prolifera disaster. The algorithm did not need atmospheric correction and cloud mask, which was easy to operate and implement, and could effectively eliminate cloud pixel interference. The greenness index was applied to multiple GF4-MSS remote sensing images in 2019 to effectively analyze the dynamic changes of Ulva prolifera bloom range, which provided new technical support for the monitoring of Ulva prolifera disasters by domestic high-resolution satellite series, and promoted the utilization rate of domestic optical satellite data.

Identification of konjac disease based on Convolutional Neural Network

LEI Meng, YU Shun-yuan

2022, 61(23): 197-201. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.039

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Konjac is susceptible to various diseases during the planting process. In order to automatically monitor the konjac disease in real time, the automatic identification algorithm of konjac disease based on machine vision was studied. Taking Inception V3 as the theoretical model of Convolutional Neural Network（CNN） algorithm, under the deep learning development environment, using the neuron structure algorithm, the neural network was built with neurons as the basic unit, and the identification of konjac disease types was realized. The precision and accuracy of recognition were improved through preprocessing such as normalization and refinement, and the internal and results of the model were visualized to increase the practicability of the algorithm. In the process of recognition, the model was optimized by adjusting the parameters and layer structure, so that the model could better balance accuracy and efficiency. The test results showed that the proposed algorithm could realize automatic disease identification of common konjac, and the accuracy rate was kept above 90%.

Effects of different media on anther culture of rice

ZHA Zhong-ping, GUO Ying, YIN De-suo, HU Jian-lin, ZHENG Xing-fei, DONG Hua-lin, LIU Yan-fang, WANG Hong-bo, XUE Lian, XU De-ze

2022, 61(23): 202-205. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.040

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The effects of different basic media [N6, He5, SK3, M8 and modified M8 （GM8）] on callus induction efficiency of rice （Oryza sativa L.） with different indica and japonica components were studied to select the most suitable induction medium for rice anther culture. The results showed that the optimal induction medium was GM8; then GM8 was used as the basic medium, HB568 （japonica rice）, HB570 （glutinous rice）, HB613 （indica rice） and 21ah36 （wild rice） were used as experimental materials to compare the effects of single and compound growth regulators on rice anther culture. The results showed that the addition of compound growth regulators could improve the anther culture ability, and the best medium for rice anther culture was GM8+1.0 mg/L KT+2.0 mg/L 2,4-D+3.0 mg/L NAA.

Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of common wild Lactarius sensu lato in Enshi area

HAN Yu, WU Yao, JIE Chun-yu, WANG Lin, WU Shuang-qing

2022, 61(23): 206-209. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.041

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DNA was extracted from the fruiting bodies of 24 wild Lactarius sensu lato collected from different locations in Enshi area. The sequencing results were compared with GenBank database, and the comparison results were drawn into a phylogenetic tree for analysis. The results showed that the similarity between the tested strains and the nearest homologues reached 99%~100%. The genetic distance between the target strain and the nearest homolog was analyzed. It was found that the genetic distance between S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S7, S8, S9, S10, S11, S12, S13, S14, S16 and S22 and the three nearest Lactarius vividus was 0, while S15 was 0.001 and S23 was 0.003. The genetic distance between S6, S17, S21 and Lactarius salmonicolor （JX852629.1） was 0. The genetic distance between S19, S20 and three different species of Lactarius hatsudake was 0, while there was a certain genetic distance between S18 and Lactarius hatsudake. The genetic distance between S24 and Lactifluus pilosus （MZ157882.1） was 0. The common wild mushrooms in Enshi were Lactarius vividus, Lactarius salmonicolor and Lactarius hatsudake, which were edible wild mushrooms. There was also a confusing poisonous fungus-Lactifluus pilosus.

Analysis on the current situation of agricultural products trade between China and five Central Asian countries under the background of “the Belt and Road Initiative”

DUAN Kai

2022, 61(23): 210-215. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.042

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Under the background of “the Belt and Road Initiative”, the agricultural products trade between China and five Central Asian countries was taken as the research object, and the trade volume and structure of agricultural trade were analyzed. The results showed that the import and export market of agricultural products between China and five Central Asian countries was unbalanced and had a single structure. China’s agricultural economic development was highly dependent on five Central Asian countries, and suggestions were put forward as follows： improve the level of agricultural trade facilitation between China and five Central Asian countries; improve the quality of agricultural products to form differentiated agricultural products; deepen agricultural trade exchanges and cooperation between China and five Central Asian countries, promote China and five Central Asian countries to establish a new space for long-term and stable economic development in agricultural trade, and practice the purpose and goal of the “the Belt and Road Initiative”.

Comparative advantage of vegetable production and its influencing factors in Shandong Province

LI Han, WANG Zhao-hua

2022, 61(23): 216-221. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.043

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Taking Shandong Province as an example, seven major vegetable producing provinces including Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guangdong were selected to calculate and compare the comparative advantages of vegetable production between Shandong Province and these seven provinces from 2003 to 2018, and on this basis, the influencing factors of the comparative advantages of major vegetable producing provinces were analyzed. The study found that the comparative advantage of vegetable production scale in Shandong Province needed to be expanded urgently, the comparative advantage of efficiency continued to increase, and the comprehensive comparative advantage needed to make progress while maintaining stability. The factors influencing the production advantage were quite different. The production advantage was significantly positively related to natural resource conditions and agricultural capital investment, and was significantly negatively related to the level of economic development, market environment and agricultural labor input. Based on this, some suggestions were put forward to ensure the sustainable development of vegetable industry in Shandong Province.

An empirical analysis of the factors influencing the production and management of small farmers under the background of rural revitalization：Taking the Jianghan Plain as an example

WANG Zi-wei, XU Hui

2022, 61(23): 222-228. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.044

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Based on the field survey data of Jianghan Plain, the three-stage DEA model was used to analyze the factors affecting the production and operation of small farmers. The results showed that the low comprehensive efficiency of small farmers was due to the low scale efficiency of small farmers. Environmental and random factors had a significant impact on agricultural production efficiency. Among environmental factors, the per capita disposable income of farmers and agricultural informatization were favorable factors for improving agricultural production efficiency; while financial support for agriculture and per capita years of education had not played their due role in agricultural production efficiency. Finally, according to the results of empirical analysis, relevant policy recommendations for small farmers and modern agriculture organic connection were put forward.

Effectiveness evaluation of rural targeted poverty alleviation based on SSA-BPNN

LAI A-long

2022, 61(23): 229-233. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.045

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In order to achieve the effectiveness evaluation of targeted poverty alleviation, the rural targeted poverty alleviation effectiveness evaluation model based on the salp swarm algorithm （SSA） optimization back propagation neural network （BPNN） based on farmers’ satisfaction was established. Firstly, from the perspectives of living environment dimensions, living conditions, the effects of targeted poverty alleviation policies, and human development and social security, the indicator system for evaluating the effectiveness of targeted poverty alleviation based on farmers’ satisfaction was established. Secondly, the score data of 16 secondary indicators for the effectiveness evaluation of targeted poverty alleviation and the evaluation grade of the effectiveness of targeted poverty alleviation were used as the input vector and the output vector of BPNN to establish a BPNN model for the effectiveness evaluation of targeted poverty alleviation. Finally, SSA was used to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the BPNN model, and establish the SSA-BPNN targeted poverty alleviation effectiveness evaluation model. The results showed that compared with other algorithms, SSA-BPNN had a higher accuracy rate and provided a method for evaluating the effectiveness of targeted poverty alleviation.

Research on the spatial pattern differentiation, causes and countermeasures of “non-grain production” cultivated land in Henan Province

SHAO Yu-fei

2022, 61(23): 234-238. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.046

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With the help of GIS spatial analysis tools, the overall status, spatial pattern differentiation, and causes of cultivated land “non-grain production” crops in Henan Province were proved by using the grain crop planting area and total crop planting data of Henan Province as a whole and 18 prefecture-level cities. The results showed that during the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, the overall “non-grain production” level of cultivated land in Henan Province was around 30%, and there was a slow growth trend. Spatially, the spatial differences in the level of “non-grain production” in the western and southern mountainous areas of Henan Province and the eastern and northern plains were obvious. Finally, in order to strengthen the management and control of the “non-grain production” phenomenon of cultivated land in Henan Province, countermeasures and suggestions were proposed from the aspects of moderately adjusting the agricultural production structure, improving the income of grain planting, delineating the red line of non-grain production crop planting, and strengthening the construction of farmland infrastructure.

Evaluation of input-output efficiency of agricultural products processing industry in Xinjiang based on DEA model

Muhabaiti Pareti, Reziyan Wakasi, DUAN Yu-qing

2022, 61(23): 239-242. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.047

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The comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency of agricultural products processing industry in Xinjiang from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed through the DEA efficiency model. The empirical results showed that the comprehensive efficiency of Xinjiang’s agricultural products processing industry was invalid in most years in recent years. Compared with the pure technical efficiency, the scale efficiency was the main reason for the ineffectiveness of DEA in agricultural products processing industry in Xinjiang. The DEA projection results showed that the DEA ineffectiveness of Xinjiang’s agricultural products processing industry was mainly reflected in the redundancy of industry assets and liabilities and the lack of industry profits. The main reasons for the ineffectiveness of DEA in Xinjiang’s agricultural products processing industry were the backward technology and equipment, the small number of leading enterprises and the lack of agricultural product processing talents. Based on this, some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward,such as strengthening the support of agricultural products processing industry in Xinjiang,strengthening the park construction, introducing leading enterprises, and cultivating agricultural product processing talents.

Study on the factors affecting the evolution of land ecological function in the Ili River Valley from the perspective of farmers

LIU Zhi-you, WEI Ran, QU Xiu-wu, MIN Yan-dong, NING Jing, DANG Hai-tao

2022, 61(23): 243-249. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.048

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The factors affecting the transfer of ecological land by farmers in the Ili River valley were analyzed by means of a three-month questionnaire survey and Logistic regression model. The results showed that farmers with the education level of high school were more inclined to convert other land into ecological land relative to those with the education level of undergraduates and above. Farmers whose main source of household income was non-agriculture were more inclined to convert other land to ecological land compared with farmers whose main source of household income was agriculture, agriculture-dominated part-time industry, and part-time industry dominated by non-agriculture. Compared with land circulation without supervision, land circulation with supervision and partial supervision was more inclined to convert other land into ecological land. In the option of whether relevant personnel carried out environmental protection publicity, farmers who had chosen “yes” were more inclined to convert other land to ecological land than those who had chosen “no”. Farmers who knew about land eco-environmental protection policy were more likely to choose to convert other land to ecological land than those who knew very little about land eco-environmental protection policy. Finally, suggestions were put forward, such as broadening the income source of farmers, strengthening the supervision of land transfer, intensifying the organization of environmental protection propaganda, and formulating development plans scientifically and reasonably according to local conditions.

Research on public participation in rural ecological protection under the background of rural revitalization

WAN Yang, ZHU Xiao-ling

2022, 61(23): 250-255. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.049

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The main body of rural ecological protection was the majority of villagers. In order to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of villagers, make them take the initiative and participate widely, and make the rural environmental governance work effective, the public participation system in rural ecological protection was studied. It was found that the present situation of public participation in rural ecological protection was that the villagers’ participation was not high, the organization mechanism of public participation was not perfect, the participants were single, and the legal system was lacking. The main reasons for these situations were the lack of educated and high-quality talents in rural areas, insufficient social attention to rural ecological protection, the conflict between rural economic development and ecological protection, and inadequate publicity. At present, the protection of natural resources, ecological restoration, pollution control, prevention of ecological environment damage, and supervision of ecological protection in rural ecological environment protection needed public participation. Finally, some suggestions were put forward,such as broadening the main body of public participation, improving the organizational mechanism of public participation, strengthening publicity and education, raising the awareness of public participation and improving the legal guarantee mechanism of public participation.

Basic research on theoretical resources of protection path of traditional villages in Northern Jiangsu

JIN Ru-xin, WANG Lian, SHI Hua-wei

2022, 61(23): 256-261. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.050

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Taking the protection of traditional villages in Northern Jiangsu as the research object, the theoretical perspectives of cultural geography, environmental ecology and other integrated disciplines were introduced by using the thinking of system theory. Systematic and structural sorting and construction were carried out from four parts of disciplinary theoretical resources,policy theoretical resources, specialized research theoretical resources and practical theoretical resources, aiming to further form a constructive theoretical resource model for reference and provide a theoretical basis and demonstration premise for the choice of traditional village protection path in Northern Jiangsu.

Research on high quality integration of urban-rural development under the background of rural revitalization：A case study of Shaanxi Province

BAI Peng-fei, CUI Jia, BAI Hao

2022, 61(23): 262-266. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.051

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Taking the high-quality integration of urban-rural development areas in Shaanxi Province as the research object, based on the data from 2006 to 2020, the entropy method was used to quantify the weights,the evaluation index system was constructed from the aspects of economic integration, social integration, population integration, spatial integration and ecological integration, and a basic regression analysis was carried out on the secondary indicators and the overall integration level. The results showed that the overall trend of high-quality integration of urban-rural development in Shaanxi Province was good, the score of economic integration development was the highest, the score of population integration development was low, and the development of spatial and ecological integration was relatively balanced. Among them, the urban-rural fixed asset investment ratio, urban-rural population ratio and GDP energy consumption had more significant effects on high-quality urban-rural integration. Based on the point, policy suggestions were put forward to achieve the high-quality integrated development of urban and rural areas in Shaanxi Province, in order to provide reference for other provinces.

Study on the risk evaluation of poverty-returning farmers in Southern Xinjiang：Taking Y Township in Hotan Prefecture as an example

YANG Jie-lin, ZHANG Fei-yun

2022, 61(23): 267-272. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.23.052

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Taking 276 poverty-stricken farmers in Y Township, Hotan Prefecture as the research object, a poverty-returning risk evaluation index system was constructed, including six primary indicators of income, health, education, employment, resources and social network, and 22 secondary indicators. The weight was determined by combining the analytic hierarchy process and the CRITIC weighting method, and the risk of returning to poverty of the poverty-stricken farmers in the region was analyzed and evaluated. The research results showed that the comprehensive weights under the combination of subjective and objective weighting methods were more referable and practical. The employment, social network and income weights in the index system had a large weight, among which the national common language mastery level of the labor, the diversity of employment at home and government assistance were the factors that had a greater impact on the return of poverty-stricken farmers in Y Township. The main part of the sample farmers was B-level farmers with a low risk of returning to poverty, and higher-risk C-level farmers and high-risk D-level farmers account for 27.17% and 0.73% respectively, which required timely intervention and control.

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