Abstract: Under “the Belt and Road Initiative”, based on the import and export trade data of agricultural products between China and five Central Asian countries from 2010 to 2019, the trade competitiveness index （TC） was used to analyze the agricultural product trade competitiveness between China and five Central Asian countries. The results showed that, from the perspective of overall agricultural trade, the overall competitiveness of China’s agricultural products was at a relative disadvantage, only higher than Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. From the classification of agricultural products trade, it had strong competitiveness in animal products and agricultural products, but weak competitiveness in plant products and animal and vegetable oil products. Trade in agricultural products between China and the five Central Asian countries was still at an early stage. Increasing the scale and quality of bilateral trade was an important task at present. Based on this, China should cultivate green superior agricultural products, break through green barriers, take the road of sustainable development, and improve the quality and competitiveness of agricultural products; train high-quality agricultural personnel, increase the number of agricultural research institutions, strengthen the construction of the education and cultivation system, and improve the ability to transform and apply agricultural research results; strengthen policy support, foster more specialized and large-scale agricultural export enterprises, and give full play to market leadership.

Key words: China and the five Central Asian countries, agricultural trade, competitiveness, “the Belt and Road Initiative”