Abstract: Based on the panel data of grain production of provinces （cities） in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2019, the DEA-BCC model was used to calculate its grain production efficiency. The results showed that the average comprehensive technical efficiency of the overall grain production in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was 0.852, indicating that the grain production in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2019 had not reached full efficiency. From the development trend, the overall development of the economic belt was relatively stable, but the efficiency value was low, which did not exceed 0.9, and the maximum was only 0.876, indicating that there was still a large room for optimization of the overall grain production of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. From the perspective of each region, the grain production efficiency in the middle reaches was the highest, followed by the downstream and the upstream. Among the provinces （cities）, only Shanghai City was fully effective in grain production in each year, the fully effective rate of grain production in Jiangsu Province was 70%, and that in Jiangxi Province was 30%. The other provinces （cities） were not fully effective. Among them, the lowest average grain production efficiency in Yunnan Province was only 0.586, less than 0.6, indicating that there was a lot of room for optimization of grain production in Yunnan Province.

Key words: Yangtze River Economic Belt, grain production, grain production efficiency, DEA-BCC model