Abstract: The aim of this study was to find the main influencing factors, and constructed the estimating method of oilseed rape yield components. Kernel weight per plant （KW）, pods number per plant （PN） and 1 000-kernel weight （1 000 KW） were taken as the research object. Using the data of agricultural meteorology observation data and varieties examination of rapeseed, and meteorological data for the corresponding period from 1995 to 2018 in Jiangsu province, 4 types of important factors, such as key meteorological factors in the main growth stages, growth period characteristics, varieties characteristics, planting density, were determined by combining with the physiological characteristics of oilseed rape. The 4 types of factors were collated to form 43 factors correlated with oilseed rape growth, whose correlations with yield elements were analyzed. Finally, the estimating models of oilseed rape yield elements were constructed with progressive regression method based on high correlation factors, and the prediction accuracy of each model was analyzed and verified. The results showed,①Multiple of the 43 correlated factors were significantly or extremely significantly correlated with oilseed rape yield elements;②The models for estimating 3 yield components all passed the significant test at the 0.01 level, and their goodness of fit were also good;③ The estimating accuracies（EA）of the components of intra-group and inter-groups were also at high level, generally more than 80%, among which the EA of 1 000 KW model was 88.31%. Researches show that the estimating models constructed in this paper have good applicability, which can provide theoretical basis and modeling idea for accurate measurement of oilseed rape yield.

Key words: oilseed rape, yield components, impact factors, estimating model