Abstract: The cointegration theory was used to test the relationship between factors affecting wheat production and output. Thus seed cost， fertilizer cost and pesticide cost were selected as explanatory variables， the stochastic frontier model of wheat technical efficiency was established. The technical efficiency of wheat production in China from 1998 to 2017 was calculated. The technical efficiency of wheat in 1998 was 0.263 4 and 0.839 7 in 2017， showing an increasing trend， with an average of 0.591 2. This showed that the factors of production management and scientific and technological progress effectively promoted the increase of wheat production and income. The calculation showed that under the same input， the technical efficiency of wheat had a growth space of 16.03%， and the estimated value of the constant term of the regression model was positive and significant， which showed that the progress of science and technology played a continuous role in wheat production. Although the technical efficiency increased year by year， but the growth aftereffect was insufficient， the growth scope was smaller and smaller. Finally， some suggestions are put forward from the following four aspects： Planting policy， agricultural science and technology progress， the combination of agricultural production factors and planting skill training.

Key words: technical efficiency, wheat production, stochastic frontier method