湖北农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (13): 48-55.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.13.010

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

汉江洲滩平地夏玉米氮、磷、钾吸收分配与利用效率分析

丁亨虎1,2, 吴家琼1,2, 伍艮春3, 董华兵3, 刘克芝1,2, 孙玉海3   

  1. 1.潜江市土壤肥料工作站,湖北 潜江 433100;
    2.农业农村部潜江农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,湖北 潜江 433100;
    3.潜江市农业局,湖北 潜江 433100
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-14 出版日期:2019-07-10 发布日期:2019-12-06
  • 作者简介:丁亨虎(1961-),男,湖北仙桃人,研究员,从事土壤肥料技术研究与推广工作,(电话)13907228190(电子信箱)dinger8190@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家耕地质量保护与提升项目(鄂农计发〔2018〕38号);国家现代农业产业园建设项目(农规发〔2018〕12号)

Analysis on the absorption,distribution and utilization efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on summer maize in the beach area of Hanjiang river

DING Heng-hu1,2, WU Jia-qiong1,2, WU Gen-chun3, DONG Hua-bing3, LIU Ke-zhi1,2, SUN Yu-hai3   

  1. 1.Qianjiang Station of Soil and Fertilizer,Qianjiang 433100,Hubei,China;
    2.Qianjiang Scientific Observation Station of Agricultural Environment and the Cultivated Land Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of PRC,Qianjiang 433100,Hubei,China;
    3.Qianjiang Agricultural and Rural Department,Qianjiang 433100,Hubei,China
  • Received:2018-12-14 Online:2019-07-10 Published:2019-12-06

摘要: 为摸清汉江洲滩平地夏玉米(Zea mays L.)氮肥、磷肥、钾肥的利用现状,科学推荐夏玉米氮、磷和钾肥的施用量,按照“3414”部分方案实施了氮、磷和钾肥效用试验。结果表明,洲滩平地中等以下肥力田块小麦秸秆全量还田条件下,氮、磷、钾配施能显著提高玉米产量,氮、磷、钾肥增产幅度分别为27.49%、6.29%、3.15%。肥料行端(边)边际效应对肥料试验结果有一定的影响,此类田块氮、磷、钾肥行端(边)边际效应幅度为-5.37%~5.97%。夏玉米子粒氮、磷、钾养分吸收量推荐配方施肥(OPT)为2 471 mg/株,氮素对增加子粒产量贡献最大,表现为氮素>钾素>磷素;茎叶氮、磷、钾养分吸收量OPT为7 502 mg/株,钾素对增加茎叶产量贡献最大,表现为钾素>氮素>磷素。玉米每100 kg子粒氮、磷、钾养分吸收量和氮、磷、钾肥料利用率表现为土壤肥力越低其吸收量和利用率越高,OPT玉米每100 kg子粒氮、磷、钾养分吸收量为8.84 kg,其中N 4.25 kg、P2O5 0.73 kg、K2O 3.86 kg;氮、磷、钾肥当季回收利用率分别为65.43%、14.49%、27.74%;OPT氮、磷、钾协同利用率为63.85%,当地常规施肥氮、磷、钾协同利用率为48.66%,表明推荐施肥量N 204 kg/hm2、 P2O5 72 kg/hm2、K2O 72 kg/hm2为适宜施肥量。

关键词: 夏玉米(Zea mays L.), 养分分配, 氮、磷、钾肥, 利用效率, 汉江洲滩平地

Abstract: In order to figure out the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on summer maize (Zea mays L.) in the beach area of Hanjiang rive, and give scientifically recommendation of the amount used, the experiment was carried out according to part of “3414” fertilizer experiment method. The results showed that under the condition of returning wheat straw to the field of medium or lower fertility, N, P and K combined application could significantly increase maize yield, the yield of maize could be significantly increased by 27.49%, 6.29% and 3.15% by applying N, P, K fertilizers respectively. The marginal effect of crops has a certain influence on the result, and ranged from -5.37% to 5.97%. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrient absorption amount for summer maize kernels of the recommended formula (OPT) was 2 471 mg/plant, nitrogen contributed the most to the increase of grain yield, and the order from big to small was nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus. As for stem and leave was 7 502 mg/plant, potassium contributed the most to increase the yield of stems and leaves, and the order from big to small was potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus. It also showed that the lower the soil fertility, the higher the soil nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency was. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrient absorption amount per 100 kg grains of OPT was 8.84 kg, including 4.25 kg of N, 0.73 kg of P2O5,3.86 kg of K2O. The recovery efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the current season was 65.43%, 14.49%, 27.74%, respectively. The synergistic utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium under the OPT pattern was 63.85%, however the local conventional only was 48.66%. The result suggests that suitable amount of fertilization for maize in the beach area of Hanjiang rive was 204 kg/hm2 of N, 72 kg/hm2 of P2O5 and 72 kg/hm2 of K2O.

Key words: summer maize(Zea mays L.), nutrient distribution, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, utilization efficiency, beach area of Hanjiang rive

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