麻地膜对无土栽培辣椒生长发育环境的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.10.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究麻地膜对无土栽培辣椒生长发育环境的影响,采用单因素变量法对无地膜土壤栽培（CK）、PE膜土壤栽培（T1）、PE地膜基质栽培（T2）、麻地膜覆盖无土栽培（T3）4种处理下土壤和基质基本理化性状、辣椒生长发育状况以及品质、辣椒根际土壤微生物数量的差异进行了研究。结果表明,对比CK、T1、T2处理,T3处理明显提高了辣椒的产量和品质,辣椒可溶性糖和VC含量较CK分别提高21.13%、49.26%。与定植前比较,CK、T1、T2、T3处理的土壤或基质中的有机质含量、速效氮含量、速效磷含量和速效钾含量均增加,其中T3处理含量增加最明显。通过分析可知,麻地膜对基质的理化性质提升较为明显,改善了基质电导率以及孔隙度大小,提高了地温,增加了基质中细菌的多样性,降低了真菌丰度,进而有利于加速养分分解,对植物根部环境和生长发育有较大的作用。

关键词: 辣椒, 麻地膜, 无土栽培, 土壤环境, 土壤微生物

Abstract: In order to study the effect of hemp mulch on the growth and development environment of soilless cultivated peppers, the basic physicochemical properties of soil and substrate, growth and development of peppers, as well as the quantity of soil microorganisms of peppers' inter-root were investigated by using the single facter variable method in four treatments, namely, soil culture without mulching （CK）, PE film soil culture （T1）, PE film substrate cultivation （T2）, and hemp film-covered soilless culture （T3）. The results showed that compared with the CK, T1 and T2 treatments, the T3 treatment significantly improved the yield and quality of peppers. Compared with the CK, the soluble sugar and VC content of peppers increased by 21.13% and 49.26%, respectively. Compared with the pre-planting period, the organic matter content, quick-acting nitrogen content, quick-acting phosphorus content and quick-acting potassium content in the soil or substrate of CK, T1, T2 and T3 treatments were increased, among which the content of the T3 treatment increased the most obviously. It could be seen from the analysis that hemp mulch enhanced the physicochemical properties of the substrate more obviously, improved the substrate conductivity as well as the porosity size, raised the ground temperature, increased the diversity of bacteria in the substrate, reduced the fungal abundance, which in turn was conducive to accelerating the decomposition of nutrients, and had a greater effect on the root environment and the growth and development of plants.

Key words: pepper, hemp mulching film, soilless culture, soil environment, soil microorganisms

中图分类号:

S641.3

牛艳蕾, 孙子壹, 孙晓莹, 陈晓峰. 麻地膜对无土栽培辣椒生长发育环境的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2023, 62(10): 124-131.

NIU Yan-lei, SUN Zi-yi, SUN Xiao-ying, CHEN Xiao-feng. Effects of hemp film on growth and development environment of soilless cultivated pepper[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2023, 62(10): 124-131.

参考文献

[1] 张惠媛. 辣椒在中国的选择性传播及其影响[J].现代食品,2021,27(4):73-76.
[2] 张国儒,唐亚萍,杨涛,等. 272份辣椒资源的农艺性状分析[J].新疆农业科学,2021,58(12):2300-2311.
[3] 程杰. 我国辣椒起源与早期传播考[J].阅江学刊,2020,12(3):103-126,142-143.
[4] 蒋文君,康银红,陈瑶,等. 不同覆盖方式对土壤水热分布的影响[J].土壤通报,2022,53(1):74-80.
[5] 徐红梅,霍轶珍,彭遵原,等.不同材料覆盖对土壤水热及小麦产量的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2019,33(5):107-111.
[6] 同斯捷. 覆盖对旱地春玉米水氮利用效率及土壤生物性状的影响[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2022.
[7] 丁凡,严昌荣,汪景宽. 黑土地保护中不容忽视的一个问题:地膜残留及其污染[J].土壤通报,2022,53(1):234-240.
[8] 黄艳,符瑞蕾,张志干,等.地膜残留对土壤养分和酶活性的影响[J].海南大学学报(自然科学版),2022,40(2):151-157.
[9] 池明眼,王天顺,卢芸笑,等.农用塑料薄膜对土壤环境的影响[J].中国林副特产,2019,34(3):79-82.
[10] 唐文雪,马忠明,魏焘,等.地膜残留量对河西绿洲灌区玉米田土壤理化性状的影响[J].甘肃农业科技,2022,53(6):82-87.
[11] 魏邦权,单志华.地膜的种类与研究进展[J].西部皮革,2019,41(17):53-55.
[12] 张相松,王献杰,房晓燕,等.可降解地膜农田适用性评价[J].安徽农业科学,2019,47(22):79-82.
[13] 杨福丽,张晓龙,孙永利,等.4种全生物可降解地膜在花生生产上的试验初报[J].中国农技推广,2019,35(9):64-66.
[14] 朱文悦,吴景贵,王蒙. 残留地膜对土壤物理性质及玉米根系生长的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2019,42(12):33-38.
[15] 李萍. 麻地膜覆盖栽培辣椒和无膜覆盖栽培辣椒对比试验[J].新农业,2019,49(11):46-47.
[16] 段青青,张禄祺,张自坤,等.可降解地膜对露地小型西瓜生长及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2020(14):18-24.
[17] 国佳宁. 可降解地膜使用过程中微塑料的形成及其对土壤—植物系统的影响[D].北京:北京化工大学,2022.
[18] 田航飞,宋晓勇,韩冰,等.麻地膜对设施网纹甜瓜产量质量与土壤环境的影响[J].福建农业学报,2021,36(3):290-295.
[19] 刘轩溢,邹浩然,张豪,等.麻地膜对铁把瓜生长发育和土壤理化性质的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2021,67(10):52-55.
[20] 王泽祥. 不同组分腐植酸对土壤水分运动和理化性质的影响[D].西安:西安理工大学,2021.
[21] 张瑞祥,米富丽,马慧霞,等.市场上常见辣椒品种的维生素C和辣椒碱含量分析[J].现代食品,2021,29(19):215-217.
[22] 刘衍晨. 以蛭石为主日光温室辣椒育苗及栽培基质配方筛选[D].新疆阿拉尔:塔里木大学,2022.
[23] 陈海生,刘守平,梁国钱.水旱轮作对滩涂绿花椰菜根际土壤真菌群落结构的影响[J].菌物学报,2021, 40(9):12.
[24] 安霞,金关荣,李鲁峰,等.麻地膜对设施樱桃番茄(Solanum lycopersivon)生长及产量的影响[J].分子植物育种,2020,18(3):1034-1038.
[25] 宋健,张海剑,刘莉,等.高通量测序分析高温覆膜对韭菜根际微生物多样性的影响[J].中国生物防治学报,2020,36(6):938-945.
[26] 郑丽,徐绳武,夏文娟,等.苎麻地膜覆盖防草的效果及对柑桔容器苗生长的影响[J].中国南方果树,2019,48(2):15-17.
[27] 邹丽娜,柳婷婷,李文略,等.麻地膜覆盖对番茄根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2023,64(2):371-378.
[28] LUO S S,WANG S J, ZHANG H J, et al.Plastic film mulching reduces microbial interactions in black soil of northeastern China[J]. Applied soil ecology, 2022, 169.
[29] IKRAM U,MAO H P,ZHANG C,et al.Optimization of irrigation and nutrient concentration based on economic returns, substrate salt accumulation and water use efficiency for tomato in greenhouse[J]. Archives of agronomy and soil science,2017,63(12):1748-1762.
[30] LIU X B, LI M, CASTELLE C J, et al.Insights into the ecology,evolution,and metabolism of the widespread Woesearchaeotal lineages[J]. Microbiome, 2018,6(1):1-16.
[31] 彭灯云,杨士红,李伟征,等.生物炭施用对节水灌溉稻田甲烷产生菌与氧化菌的影响[J].节水灌溉,2022,47(5):54-59.
[32] 徐丽慧,曾蓉,高士刚,等.土壤真菌多样性对土传病害影响的研究进展[J].上海农业学报,2017,33(3):161-165.
[33] 樊炳君,曹艳茹,赵洪莹,等.特殊生境放线菌在植物病害防治中的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2022,50(2):1-4,14.