1990—2020年麦盖提绿洲植被覆盖度时空演变特征及影响因素分析

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用Landsat系数据分析了1990—2020年麦盖提绿洲植被覆盖的演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明,麦盖提绿洲植被总体靠着叶尔羌河与提孜那甫河,绿洲内部到外侧从一级覆盖到三级覆盖展布,绿洲西部四级覆盖呈大面积片状分布;1990—2020年,麦盖提绿洲总植被覆盖面积、NDVI年均值及植被平均覆盖度均呈升高趋势,总植被覆盖面积增加了199.9 km²,增幅为12.26%。麦盖提绿洲植被覆盖绝对空间变化具有单独与共同存在时段性、区域性差异特征;2010—2020年绿洲植被覆盖一级改善区面积增加最显著,属于典型的时段性变化;绿洲兵团四十五团开垦区和库尔玛乡东北部改善最明显,麦盖提镇四周大面积退化也较为明显,属于典型的区域性变化。1990—2020年,麦盖提绿洲植被覆盖强度与速度分别为0.4%/年与6.4 km²/年。麦盖提绿洲31年间植被覆盖除四级覆盖整体向东南方向迁徙外,总植被覆盖、一级覆盖、二级覆盖和三级覆盖整体都向东北方向迁徙。麦盖提绿洲耕地面积增加是绿洲植被覆盖度增大的主要驱动力,但耕地用水需求提高挤占了沙漠绿洲天然植物生态灌水水资源,导致天然植被退化,威胁沙漠绿洲生态和谐平衡。

关键词: Landsat, 影像相减对比法, NDVI像元二分模型, 植被覆盖度, 植心迁徙模型, 麦盖提绿洲

Abstract: The evolution characteristics and influencing factors of vegetation coverage in Oasis of Makit County from 1990 to 2020 were analyzed using Landsat series data. The results showed that the vegetation in Oasis of Makit County was generally adjacent to the Yerqiang River and the Tizinapu River. The vegetation coverage from the inside to the outside of the oasis was from the first level to the third level, and the fourth level covered a large area in the west of the oasis. From 1990 to 2020, the total vegetation coverage area, annual average NDVI, and average vegetation coverage in Oasis of Makit County showed an upward trend, and the total vegetation coverage area increased by 199.9 km², with an increase of 12.26%. The absolute spatial variation of vegetation coverage in Oasis of Makit County had the characteristics of temporal and regional differences, both alone and in common. From 2010 to 2020, the area of the first level improvement area of vegetation coverage increased most significantly, which was a typical temporal change; the reclamation area of the 45th Oasis Corps and the northeast of Korma Township had been improved most obviously, and the large-scale degradation around Makit Town was also obvious, which was a typical regional change. From 1990 to 2020, the vegetation coverage intensity and speed in Oasis of Makit County were 0.4%/a and 6.4 km²/a respectively. During the 31 years, except for the overall migration of the fourth level coverage to the southeast, the total vegetation coverage, the first level coverage, the second level coverage and the third level coverage all migrated to the northeast. The increase of cultivated land area in Oasis of Makit County was the main driving force for the increase of oasis vegetation coverage degree, but the increase of cultivated land water demand had squeezed out the ecological irrigation water resources of natural plants in desert oases, leading to the degradation of natural plants, and threatening the harmonious balance of desert oasis ecology.

Key words: Landsat, image subtraction and contrast method, NDVI pixel dichotomy model, vegetation coverage degree, model of plant heart migration, Oasis of Makit County

中图分类号:

邓江. 1990—2020年麦盖提绿洲植被覆盖度时空演变特征及影响因素分析[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2023, 62(5): 35-43.

DENG Jiang. Temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of vegetation coverage in Oasis of Makit County from 1990 to 2020[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2023, 62(5): 35-43.

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