稻田田面水氮素浓度变化特征及快速检测方法研究——以长江中游单季稻田为例

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.009

湖北农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (10): 56-63.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.10.009

稻田田面水氮素浓度变化特征及快速检测方法研究——以长江中游单季稻田为例

汪婳^1,2, 沈王政^1,2, 程子珍³, 张亮¹, 庄艳华¹, 张富林³, 范先鹏³

1.中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院/环境与灾害监测评估湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430077;
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049;
3.湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所/农业农村部潜江农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,武汉 430064

收稿日期:2021-05-06 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-06-14
通讯作者: 张富林,研究员,主要从事农业面源污染方向的研究,（电子信箱）fulinzhang@126.com。
作者简介:汪婳（1994-）,女,湖北鄂州人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为面源污染监测与评估,（电话）13872246360（电子信箱）wanghua18@mails.ucas.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0800500）; 湖北省技术创新专项（2018ACA148; 2018ABA097）; 湖北省农业科技创新中心项目; （2016-620-000-001-019）

Study on dynamic variation of nitrogen concentration in surface water of paddy field and its rapid detection method：Taking single-season rice fields in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as an example

WANG Hua^1,2, SHEN Wang-zheng^1,2, CHEN Zi-zhen³, ZHANG Liang¹, ZHUANG Yan-hua¹, ZHANG Fu-lin³, FAN Xian-peng³

1. Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation,Wuhan 430077,China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Qianjiang Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Conservation Scientific Observation and Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China

Received:2021-05-06 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-06-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示田面水的氮素浓度动态特征并探讨其快速检测方法,于2018年水稻生育期对稻田田面水的氮素浓度、常规水质参数进行原位监测。结果表明,水稻生育期内,人工栽秧稻田田面水的TN和NH₄⁺-N浓度在施基肥后1周分别迅速降至4.03 mg/L和3.02 mg/L,至下次施肥前变化趋于平稳,TN和NH₄⁺-N在追肥后2 d到达峰值,1周左右趋于平稳,机插秧稻田田面水的氮素动态特征与人工栽秧基本一致。基肥期田面水的TN和NH₄⁺-N从峰值随时间的衰减趋势近似符合指数衰减规律,人工栽秧和机插秧稻田田面水的TN浓度在基肥期峰值出现后2周内衰减幅度分别为62%和72%,NH₄⁺-N的衰减幅度分别为80%和83%。以DO、EC、pH、ORP为自变量,TN为因变量,得到了多元线性回归模型,为服务于稻田田面水氮素流失风险的监测和管理,按照GB 18918—2002中TN的限值15 mg/L（一级A标准）和GB 3838—2002中TN的限值2 mg/L（Ⅴ类）对TN的排放进行分级,得到模型预测的准确率为80%,基本满足水环境管理的需求。

关键词: 稻田田面水, 氮素, 动态变化, 快速检测

Abstract: In order to reveal the dynamic variation of nitrogen concentration in field water and explore its rapid detection methods, in-situ monitoring of nitrogen concentration in paddy field surface water and conventional water quality parameters were carried out during the rice growth period in 2018. The results showed that during the growth period of rice, the TN and NH₄⁺-N concentrations in the surface water of artificially planted rice fields dropped rapidly to 4.03 mg/L and 3.02 mg/L, respectively, one week after basal fertilizer application, and the changes became stable before the next fertilization. And TN and NH₄⁺-N reached the peak 2 days after topdressing, and stabilized in about 1 week. The nitrogen dynamic characteristics of the machine-transplanted rice field surface water were basically the same as those of artificial planting. The TN and NH₄⁺-N of the field surface water at the basal fertilizer period decreased from the peak value, which was approximately in line with the exponential decay law. The TN concentration of the artificially planted and machine-transplanted paddy fields in the two weeks after the peak of the basal fertilizer period attenuated 62% and 72%, respectively, and the attenuation amplitudes of NH₄⁺-N were 80% and 83%, respectively. With DO, EC, pH, ORP as the independent variables, and TN as the dependent variable, a multiple linear regression model was obtained. TN emissions were classified by the TN limit of 15 mg/L（Class A standard） in GB 18918—2002 and the TN limit of 2 mg/L （Class V） in GB 3838—2002. The accuracy of the model prediction was 80%, which could basically meet the needs of water environment management.

Key words: surface water of paddy field, nitrogen, dynamic variation, rapid detection

中图分类号:

S143.1

汪婳, 沈王政, 程子珍, 张亮, 庄艳华, 张富林, 范先鹏. 稻田田面水氮素浓度变化特征及快速检测方法研究——以长江中游单季稻田为例[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2022, 61(10): 56-63.

WANG Hua, SHEN Wang-zheng, CHEN Zi-zhen, ZHANG Liang, ZHUANG Yan-hua, ZHANG Fu-lin, FAN Xian-peng. Study on dynamic variation of nitrogen concentration in surface water of paddy field and its rapid detection method：Taking single-season rice fields in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as an example[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2022, 61(10): 56-63.

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稻田田面水氮素浓度变化特征及快速检测方法研究——以长江中游单季稻田为例

Study on dynamic variation of nitrogen concentration in surface water of paddy field and its rapid detection method：Taking single-season rice fields in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as an example

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