沱江流域地表水中重金属含量分布及风险评价

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.05.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解四川盆地沱江流域重金属分布情况和污染水平下的健康风险,2018年对沱江流域24个站点地表水中7种重金属Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Cr（Ⅵ）含量进行监测,并对其时空分布特征进行分析,然后利用重金属污染指数法（HPI）和健康风险评价模型对沱江流域水体重金属进行风险评价。结果表明,沱江流域水体重金属浓度整体维持在较低的水平,低于《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅰ类标准,无明显污染情况,在一些人口密集地区部分河段的重金属浓度略有增加,但都低于《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅰ类标准;在沱江干流段除Cu和Zn浓度存在一定的季节变化外,其他重金属浓度季节变化不明显。从空间分布上看,Cu的浓度峰值出现在球溪河,Zn的浓度在毗河和球溪河较高,Cd的浓度峰值出现九曲河和阳化河,As和Pb的浓度在沱江中下游段都较高,Hg和Cr（Ⅵ）浓度的空间分布差异不明显;HPI和健康风险评价结果表明沱江流域地表水重金属污染对人体的健康风险较低。

关键词: 重金属含量, 健康风险评价, 地表水, 时空分布, 沱江

Abstract: In order to understand the distribution of heavy metalsand health risks under pollution levels in the Tuojiang River of Sichuan Basin. In 2018, the contents of 7 heavy metals Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Cr（Ⅵ） in the surface water of 24 sites in the Tuojiang River were investigated and their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed, and then the heavy metal pollution index （HPI） and health risk assessment model were used to evaluate the risk of heavy metals in the waters of Tuojiang River. The results showed that the overall concentration of heavy metals in the waters of Tuojiang River was maintained at a low level,lower than the “Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard” Class I standard, and there was no obvious pollution. In some densely populated areas, the concentration of heavy metals in some river sections increased slightly, but they were all lower than the “Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard” Class I standard; In the main stream of the Tuojiang River, except for the seasonal variation of Cu and Zn concentrations, the seasonal variation of other heavy metal concentrations was not obvious. From the spatial distribution, the Cu concentration peak appeared in the Qiuxi River and the Zn concentration was higher in Pihe and Qiuxi River. The peaks of Cd concentration appeared in Jiuqu River and Yanghua River. The concentration of As and Pb were higher in the middle and lower reaches of Tuojiang River, and the spatial distribution of Hg and Cr（Ⅵ） concentration was not significantly different; The results of HPI and health risk assessment showed that the heavy metal pollution of surface water in the Tuojiang River posed a low risk to human health.

Key words: heavy metal content, health risk assessment, surface water, spatial and temporal distribution, Tuojiang River

中图分类号:

P595

陈嘉洛, 魏峣, 汪涛. 沱江流域地表水中重金属含量分布及风险评价[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2022, 61(5): 76-82.

CHEN Jia-luo, WEI Yao, WANG Tao. Distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface water of Tuojiang River basin[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2022, 61(5): 76-82.

参考文献 39

[1]	BEM H, GALLORINI M,RIZZIO E, et al.Comparative studies on the concentrations of some elements in the urban air particulate matter in Lodz city of Poland and in Milan, Italy[J]. Environment international, 2004, 29(4):423-428.
[2]	WONG C S C,LI X D,ZHANG G, et al. Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in the Pearl River Delta, China[J]. Atmospheric environment, 2003, 37(6):767-776.
[3]	ADAIKPOH E O, NWAJEI G E, OGALA J E.Heavy metals concentrations in coal and sediments from River Ekulu in Enugu, Coal city of Nigeria[J]. Journal of applied sciences and environmental management, 2005, 9(3): 5-8.
[4]	AKOTO O,BRUCE T N,DARKO D.Heavy metals pollution profiles in streams serving the Owabi reservoir[J]. African journal of environmental science and technology, 2008, 2(11): 354-359.
[5]	KARBASSI A R,MONAVARI S M,BIDHENDI G R N, et al. Metal pollution assessment of sediment and water in the Shur River[J]. Environmental monitoring and assessment,2008,147(1/2/3):107-116.
[6]	RIM-RUKEH A,IKHIFA O G,OKOKOYO A P.Effects of agricultural activities on the water quality of Orogodo River, Agbor Nigeria[J]. Journal of applied sciences research, 2006, 2(5): 256-259.
[7]	KHADSE G K,PATNI P M,KELKAR P S, et al.Qualitative evaluation of Kanhan river and its tributaries flowing over central Indian plateau[J]. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2008, 147(1/2/3): 83-92.
[8]	JUANG D F,LEE C H,HSUEH S C.Chlorinated volatile organic compounds found near the water surface of heavily polluted rivers[J]. International journal of environmental science and technology, 2009, 6(4): 545-556.
[9]	VENUGOPAL T,GIRIDHARAN L,JAYAPRAKASH M, et al.A comprehensive geochemical evaluation of the water quality of River Adyar, India[J]. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2009, 82(2): 211-217.
[10]	SEKABIRA K,ORIGA H O,BASAMBA T A, et al.Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the urban stream sediments and its tributaries[J]. International journal of environmental science and technology, 2010, 7(3): 435-446.
[11]	GUEU S,YAO B,ADOUBY K, et al.Kinetics and thermodynamics study of lead adsorption on to activated carbons from coconut and seed hull of the palm tree[J]. International journal of environmental science and technology, 2007, 4(1): 11-17.
[12]	LEE C S L,LI X D,ZHANG G, et al. Heavy metals and Pb isotopic composition of aerosols in urban and suburban areas of Hong Kong and Guangzhou, South China—evidence of the long-range transport of air contaminants[J]. Atmospheric environment, 2007, 41(2): 432-447.
[13]	ADAMS R H,OSORIO F J G,CRUZ J Z. Water repellency in oil contaminated sandy and clayey soils[J]. International journal of environmental science and technology, 2008, 5(4): 445-454.
[14]	INODHINI R,NARAYANAN M.Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs of fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio (Common carp)[J]. International journal of environmental science and technology, 2008, 5(2): 179-182.
[15]	WARREN L A,ZIMMERMAN A P.Suspended particulate oxides and organic matter interactions in trace metal sorption reactions in a small urban river[J]. Biogeochemistry, 1994, 24(1): 21-34.
[16]	CALMANO W,HONG J,FÖRSTNER U. Binding and mobilization of heavy metals in contaminated sediments affected by pH and redox potential[J]. Water science and technology, 1993, 28(8/9): 223-235.
[17]	王晓蓉,章慧珠,周爱和,等. 金沙江重金属在颗粒物中的分布及其基本特征[J]. 环境化学, 1982, 1(2): 140-146.
[18]	陈静生,周家义. 中国水环境重金属研究[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1992.
[19]	金相灿,曹洪法,徐南妮,等.黄河中游悬浮物中镉、铜、铅形态分布及分析计算程序在形态分析中的应用[J] .环境科学研究,1986(1):42-47.
[20]	雷凯,卢新卫,王利军,等. 渭河西安段表层沉积物重金属元素分布及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 地质科技情报, 2008, 27(3):83-87.
[21]	徐争启,滕彦国,庹先国,等. 攀枝花市水系沉积物与土壤中重金属的地球化学特征比较[J]. 生态环境学报, 2007, 16(3):739-743.
[22]	杜明, 柳强, 罗彬,等. 岷、沱江流域水环境质量现状评价及分析[J]. 四川环境, 2016, 35(5):20-25.
[23]	郑美扬. 沱江流域磷矿开发利用中核素迁移及地表环境影响[D]. 成都:成都理工大学, 2010.
[24]	BING H,ZHOU J,WU Y, et al.Current state, sources, and potential risk of heavy metals in sediments of Three Gorges Reservoir, China[J]. Environmental pollution, 2016, 214: 485-496.
[25]	MOHAN S V,NITHILA P,REDDY S J.Estimation of heavy metals in drinking water and development of heavy metal pollution index[J]. Journal of environmental science and health part a, 1996, 31(2): 283-289.
[26]	USEPA. Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment[R].Washington D.C.,2005.
[27]	USEPA. Risk assessment guidance for superfund volume I human health evaluation manual (part a):Interim final[R]. Washington D.C.,1989.
[28]	丁昊天. 基于区间数的地下水重金属健康风险模糊综合评价[D]. 长沙:湖南大学, 2011.
[29]	WANG L,WANG Y,XU C, et al.Analysis and evaluation of the source of heavy metals in water of the River Changjiang[J]. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2011, 173(1/2/3/4): 301-313.
[30]	LITHNER G. Some fundamental relationships between metal toxicity in freshwater, physico-chemical properties and background levels[J]. Science of the total environment, 1989, 87-88: 356-380.
[31]	LI S,ZHANG Q.Spatial characterization of dissolved trace elements and heavy metals in the upper Han River (China) using multivariate statistical techniques[J]. Journal of hazardous materials, 2010, 176(1-3): 579-588.
[32]	KLAVINS M,BRIEDE A,RODINOV V,et al.Heavy metals in rivers of Latvia[J]. Science of the total environment,2000,262(1/2):175-183.
[33]	KRISHNA A K,SATYANARAYANAN M,GOVIL P K.Assessment of heavy metal pollution in water using multivariate statistical techniques in an industrial area: A case study from Patancheru, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India[J]. Journal of hazardous materials, 2009, 167(1-3): 366-373.
[34]	DENG M,YANG X,DAI X, et al.Heavy metal pollution risk assessments and their transportation in sediment and overlay water for the typical Chinese reservoirs[J]. Ecological indicators, 2020, 112:106166.
[35]	POSHTEGAL M K,MIRBAGHERI S A.The heavy metals pollution index and water quality monitoring of the Zarrineh River, Iran[J]. Environmental and engineering geoscience,2019,25(2): 179-188.
[36]	吴万富, 徐艳, 史德强,等. 我国河流湖泊砷污染现状及除砷技术研究进展[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2015,38(S1):190-197.
[37]	MANDAL B K,SUZUKI K T.Arsenic round the world: A review[J]. Talanta, 2002, 58(1): 201-235.
[38]	ATANASSOVA I,DOERR S.Organic compounds of different extractability in total solvent extracts from soils of contrasting water repellency[J]. European journal of soil science, 2010, 61(2): 298-313.
[39]	CHENG Y,LI P,XU G,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics and pollution evaluation of soil iron in the middle Hanjiang River[J]. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019, 16(21): 4075.