湖北农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (3): 26-31.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.03.006

• 育种·栽培 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同温湿度环境对黑龙江省春小麦穗发芽的影响

杜世超1, 薛盈文1,2, 郭伟2, 于立河1   

  1. 1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江 大庆 163319;
    2.黑龙江省普通高校寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室,黑龙江 大庆 163319
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-07 出版日期:2022-02-10 发布日期:2022-03-11
  • 通讯作者: 于立河(1960-),男,黑龙江人,教授,博士,主要从事作物生理生态和品质改良方向研究,(电子信箱)yulihe2002@126.com。
  • 作者简介:杜世超(1998-),女,内蒙古乌兰察市人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为小麦生理生化与品质关系,(电话)15148446556(电子信箱)578141932@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项和重点研发项目(GX18B040); 黑龙江八一农垦大学博士启动计划项目(XDB2015-3)

Influence of temperature and humidity environment on pre-harvest sprouting of spring wheat in Heilongjiang province

DU Shi-chao1, XUE Ying-wen1,2, GUO Wei2, YU Li-he1   

  1. 1. College of Agronomy, Heilongijang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Improvement and Cultivation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Education Department, Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China
  • Received:2021-02-07 Online:2022-02-10 Published:2022-03-11

摘要: 为明确不同温湿度条件对成熟期小麦穗发芽的影响效应,以黑龙江北部麦区的主栽品种龙麦35为试验材料,分别设定3个水平的温度(15、20、25 ℃)和相对湿度(80%、85%、90%),分析不同温湿度处理对成熟期小麦的穗发芽开始时间、穗发芽率、发芽势、整穗水分变化率和千粒重等指标的影响,以期为小麦穗发芽鉴定和收获管理提供理论参考。结果表明,温湿度互作对成熟期小麦穗发芽有显著影响,在15、20 ℃下, RH80%处理推迟了穗发芽开始时间,降低了穗发芽率、延缓了整穗水分变化速率,千粒重降幅趋缓,15 ℃、RH90%(T1H3)显著提高了穗发芽率,第3天就达到46.77%。但在25 ℃下,RH90%处理反而抑制了成熟期小麦的穗发芽进程,第7天的穗发芽率仅为27.87%。相同湿度下,随着温度的升高,萌发进程推迟、发芽开始时间延长,穗发芽率、发芽势、整穗水分变化率逐渐降低,千粒重下降速度减缓。15 ℃、RH90%(T1H3)处理可以显著加快成熟期春小麦的整穗水分变化、促进穗发芽进程、提高穗发芽率、发芽势。

关键词: 小麦, 穗发芽, 温度, 湿度

Abstract: In order to clarify the effects of different temperature and humidity conditions on pre-harvest sprouting during maturity, in this study, Longmai 35 was used as the test material which was the main cultivar in the Heilongjiang northern wheat region, set three levels of temperature (15、20、25 ℃) and relative humidity (80%, 85%, 90%), respectively. The effects of different temperature and humidity treatments in the mature period of pre-harvest sprouting start time, pre-harvest sprouting rate, germination energy, whole ear moisture change rate and thousand-grain weight were analyzed, in order to provide theoretical reference for pre-harvest sprouting identification and harvest management. The results showed that the interaction of temperature and humidity has a significant effect on pre-harvest sprouting at the mature stage. At 15 ℃ and 20 ℃, RH80% treatment delayed the start of pre-harvest sprouting, reduced the pre-harvest sprouting rate, delayed the rate of change of the whole ear moisture, and slowed down the thousand-grain weight. 15 ℃, RH90% (T1H3) significantly increased pre-harvest sprouting rate, reaching 46.77% on the third day. But at 25 ℃, RH90% treatment inhibited pre-harvest sprouting process of mature wheat, pre-harvest sprouting rate on the 7th day was only 27.87%. Under the same humidity, with the increase of temperature, the germination process is delayed, the germination start time is prolonged, the pre-harvest sprouting rate, germination energy, and the change rate of whole ear moisture are gradually reduced, and the thousand-grain weight decline rate slows down. 15℃, RH90% (T1H3) treatment can significantly accelerate the change of the whole ear moisture of mature spring wheat, promote pre-harvest sprouting process, increase pre-harvest sprouting rate and the germination energy.

Key words: wheat, pre-harvest sprouting, temperature, humidity

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