湖北农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (18): 42-49.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.18.009

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

1981—2018年柴达木盆地作物生长季气象要素时空变化特征分析

许学莲1,2, 雷玉红1, 曹雪枫3, 许清霞4, 祁栋林2,5, 祝存兄5, 梁志勇1, 何生录1, 李存莲1, 李璠5   

  1. 1.格尔木市气象局,青海 格尔木 816099;
    2.青海省防灾减灾重点实验室,西宁 810001;
    3.都兰县气象局,青海 夏日哈 816100;
    4.海西州气象局,青海 德令哈 817000;
    5.青海省气象科学研究所,西宁 810001
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-18 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-10-11
  • 通讯作者: 祁栋林(1967-),男,青海乐都人,高级工程师,主要从事气候变化和大气成分研究,(电子信箱)qidl007@163.com。
  • 作者简介:许学莲(1982-),女,青海乐都人,工程师,主要从事综合观测工作,(电话)18095799459(电子信箱)45067322@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(IDM2018011); 国家自然科学基金项目(41765008); 浙江省气象科技计划项目; 青海省海西州科技局项目

Analysis on the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of meteorological elements during the crop growing season in Qaidam basin from 1981 to 2018

XU Xue-lian1,2, LEI Yu-hong1, CAO Xue-feng3, XU Qing-xia4, QI Dong-lin2,5, ZHU Cun-xiong5, LIANG Zhi-yong1, HE Sheng-lu1, LI Cun-lian1, LI Fan5   

  1. 1. Geermu Meteorological Bureau,Geermu 816099,Qinghai,China;
    2. Qinghai Key Laboratory of Disaster Preventing and Reducing,Xining 810001,China;
    3. Dulan Meteorological Bureau,Xiariha 816100,Qinghai,China;
    4. Haixi Meteorological Bureau,Delingha 817000,Qinghai,China;
    5. Institute of Qinghai Meteorological Science Research,Xining 810001,China
  • Received:2020-09-18 Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-10-11

摘要: 利用柴达木盆地1981—2018年4个国家级气象台站作物生长季(4—9月)逐日平均气温、降水、日照时数和风速等资料,统计≥0 ℃活动积温及活动积温日数和霜冻日数,并计算相对湿润度指数,采用线性趋势进行时空变化特征分析。结果表明,作物生长季热量资源增加明显,平均气温、≥0 ℃活动积温及活动积温日数呈明显上升趋势,气候倾向率分别达0.43 ℃/10年、77.86 ℃/10年和0.39 d/10年;作物生长季降水量和降水日数分别以17.08 mm/10年和1.64 d/10年的速率呈增加趋势,降水量增加趋势明显;日照时数、平均风速和霜冻日数分别以-38.77 h/10年、-0.17 m/(s·10年)和-0.71 d/10年的气候倾向率呈显著减少趋势。作物生长季平均气温在1991—1992年发生了突变,气温由相对偏冷期转变为相对偏暖期,气温突变前后降水量和≥0 ℃活动积温增加明显,日照时数、风速和霜冻日数减少明显,而降水日数、≥0 ℃活动积温日数和相对湿润度指数变化不明显。

关键词: 作物, 生长季, 柴达木盆地, 气候, 时空变化

Abstract: The daily average temperature, rainfall, sunshine hours and wind speed of the four national meteorological stations in the growing season (april-september) from 1981 to 2018 in the Qaidam basin were used to calculate the accumulated temperature, days of accumulated temperature and frost days ≥ 0 ℃, and the relative wetter index was calculated. The results showed that the heat resources increased significantly in the growing season, the average temperature, active accumulated temperature ≥ 0 ℃ and the number of days with active accumulated temperature increased significantly, and the climate trend rate reached 0.43 ℃/10a, 77.86 ℃/10a and 0.39 d/10a, respectively. The precipitation in the growing season and the number of precipitation days showed an increasing trend with the rates of 17.08 mm/10a and 1.64 d/10a, respectively. The climatic trend rates of sunshine hours, mean wind speed and frost days were significantly reduced with -38.77 h/10a, -0.17 m/(s· 10a) and -0.71 d/10a, respectively. Crop growing season average temperature between 1991 and 1992 mutations, the temperature by relatively cold period into a relatively warm period, the temperature before and after the mutation precipitation and accumulated temperature 0 ℃ or higher activity significantly increased, sunshine time, wind and frost days decreased obviously, and rainy days, acuity 0 ℃ accumulated temperature time and relatively humid index change was not obvious.

Key words: crops, the growing season, Qaidam basin, climate, spatial and temporal variation

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