湖北农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (13): 51-59.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.010

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

2019年初长沙市一次典型重污染天气过程成因分析

胡燕1, 杨云芸1, 刘焕乾2, 尹忠海1, 周慧1, 王晓雷1   

  1. 1.湖南省气象台,长沙 410118;
    2.湖南省气象技术装备中心,长沙 410118
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-14 出版日期:2021-07-10 发布日期:2021-07-26
  • 通讯作者: 杨云芸,女,湖南长沙人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事环境气象预报与研究工作,(电子信箱)337850710@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:胡 燕(1980-),女,湖南永州人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事环境天气预报与研究工作,(电话)15973187830(电子信箱)16491614@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2020-088; CMAYBY2019-076); 湖南省气象局重点项目(CMAYBY2019-076)

Analysis of a typical heavy pollution process in Changsha city in early 2019

HU Yan1, YANG Yun-yun1, LIU Huan-qian2, YIN Zhong-hai1, ZHOU Hui1, WANG Xiao-lei1   

  1. 1. Hunan Meteorological Observatory,Changsha 410118,China;
    2. Meteorologic Technology Equip Center of Hunan,Changsha 410118,China
  • Received:2020-07-14 Online:2021-07-10 Published:2021-07-26

摘要: 利用湖南省生态环境监测中心提供的14个国控站2019年1月5—8日的逐小时空气质量指数(Air quality index,AQI)和6种主要污染物监测数据,对应时段的气象观测资料、风廓线雷达资料以及FY-4卫星资料,结合HYSPLIT4后向轨迹的模拟结果,深入分析了2019年1月上旬长沙市一次重污染天气过程。结果显示,此次长沙市重污染天气过程是一次以PM2.5为首要污染物的过程。后向轨迹分析表明,中低层污染气团轨迹相同,受气团叠加影响,污染物从河南省中部长距离传输影响长沙市,是导致此次污染的主要原因之一。积累和暴发阶段以大范围稳定性中低云为主,TBB大于-10 ℃。暴发阶段结合风廓线资料分析可知,污染物随东北气流向长沙市传输,外来源输入占主导地位。850~700 hPa中低层有明显逆温层或等温层、高层空气相对湿度小均为本次重污染天气的有利气象因子。

关键词: 重污染天气, 污染特征, 传输特征, 扩散条件, 气象条件, 长沙市

Abstract: The hourly air quality index (AQI) and six major pollutants monitoring data of 14 national control stations from January 5 to 8, 2019, meteorological observation data, wind profile radar data and FY-4 satellite data of corresponding periods provided by Hunan ecological environment monitoring center were used to deeply analyse a severe pollution weather process in Changsha city in early January 2019, combined with the HYSPLIT4 backward trajectory. The results showed that the severely polluted weather process in Changsha city was a process of taking PM2.5 as the primary pollutant. The backward trajectory analysis showed that the tracks of the air masses in the middle and lower layers were the same. Affected by the superposition of air masses, the pollutant of long-distance transmission from central Henan province affected Changsha city, which was one of the main pollution sources. In the accumulation and outbreak stage, the stable low and medium cloud was the main part, and TBB was more than -10 ℃. According to the analysis of wind profile data in the outbreak stage, pollutants were transported to Changsha city with the northeast air flow, and the input of external sources was dominant. From 850 hPa to 700 hPa, there were obvious inversion layer or isothermal layer in the middle and low relative humidity in the upper air, which were favorable meteorological factors for this heavy pollution weather.

Key words: heavy pollution weather, pollution characteristics, transmission characteristics, diffusion conditions, meteorological conditions, Changsha city

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