兰州市主城区校园地表灰尘重金属时空污染特征及健康风险评价

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.05.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过分析兰州市主城区中小学校园地表灰尘重金属含量、时空污染特征及健康风险水平,在此基础上探究月均灰尘重金属含量及内梅罗综合污染指数与气候环境的相关性。结果表明,兰州市主城区校园地表灰尘中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb季节平均含量都超出了兰州市土壤背景值,总体表现为冬季高于夏季;各重金属空间分布特征为Cr、Ni高值区集中在西固区且呈组团状分布,Pb含量高值区集中分布于城关区中部,Cu、Zn高值在主城区不均匀分布。Cu、Zn、Pb是主要的污染因子,且重度污染多发于秋、冬季,综合污染水平表现为冬季严重、春季和夏季低、秋季不稳定。未成年人各重金属不同暴露途径的非致癌风险从大到小依次为手-口暴露、皮肤暴露、呼吸暴露,非致癌风险从大到小依次为Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr、Cu,致癌重金属Cr、Ni的致癌风险低。月均降水量、风力等级及东南风与灰尘重金属含量和内梅罗综合污染指数相关性明显,校园灰尘重金属污染主要来自校外。

关键词: 学校, 重金属, 时空分布, 健康风险, 兰州市

Abstract: The heavy metal content, temporal and spatial pollution characteristics and health risk levels of surface dust on some primary and secondary schools in the main urban area of Lanzhou city was studied, and the relationship between the monthly average heavy metal content of dust and the Nemeiro comprehensive pollution index and the climate environment was explored. The results showed that the seasonal average content of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in the campus dust in the main urban area of Lanzhou city exceeded the soil background value of Lanzhou city, and the overall performance was higher in winter than in summer. High values areas of Cr and Ni were concentrated in the west and the solid area was distributed in clusters. The areas with high Pb content were concentrated in the middle of the Chengguan area. The high values of Cu and Zn were unevenly distributed in the main urban area. Cu, Zn, and Pb were seriously polluted, and heavy pollution occured mostly in autumn and winter. The level of comprehensive pollution was severe in winter, low in spring and summer, and unstable in autumn. The non-carcinogenic risk of different exposure routes of heavy metals to juvenile from big to small was hand-oral exposure, skin exposure, respiratory exposure, and the non-carcinogenic risk was in the order of Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu. Carcinogenic heavy metals Cr and Ni had low carcinogenic risks. The monthly average precipitation, wind level and southeast wind had significant correlations with the heavy metal content of dust and the Nemeiro comprehensive pollution index. The heavy metal pollution on campus mainly came from outside the school.

Key words: school, heavy metals, spatio-temporal distribution, health risk, Lanzhou city

中图分类号:

李春艳, 胡梦珺, 王佳, 张亚云, 李娜娜. 兰州市主城区校园地表灰尘重金属时空污染特征及健康风险评价[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2021, 60(5): 39-47.

LI Chun-yan, HU Meng-jun, WANG Jia, ZHANG Ya-yun, LI Na-na. Spatial and temporal pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in surface dust on campus in Lanzhou city[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2021, 60(5): 39-47.

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