湖北农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (17): 49-53.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.17.011

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机、无机钾肥配施对生菜产量、品质及土壤状况的影响

王素萍1, 杜雷1, 洪娟1,2, 黄翔1, 张贵友1, 张利红1, 练志诚1, 叶莉霞1,2, 姜利1, 陈钢1,2   

  1. 1.武汉市农业科学院环境与安全研究所,武汉 430345;
    2.华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-25 发布日期:2020-10-23
  • 通讯作者: 陈 钢(1969-),女,正高级农艺师,博士,主要从事养分资源管理与新型肥料研发,(电子信箱)chengang@webmail.hzau.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:王素萍(1985-),女,山东泽州人,农艺师,主要从事蔬菜养分资源管理与现代施肥技术研究,(电话)13971613681(电子信箱)wsp12@163.com。.
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203013); 湖北省技术创新重大项目(2018ABA099)

Effect of different combination of organic and inorganic potassium on the yield,quality and soil regime of lettuce

WANG Su-ping1, DU Lei1, HONG Juan1,2, HUANG Xiang1, ZHANG Gui-you1, ZHANG Li-hong1, LIAN Zhi-cheng1, YE Li-xia1,2, JIANG Li1, CHEN Gang1,2   

  1. 1. Institute of Environmental and Safety, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430345, China;
    2. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
  • Received:2019-11-25 Published:2020-10-23

摘要: 为阐明生菜(Lactucas sativa L. var. ramosa Hort.)有机、无机钾肥施用的最佳配比,研究了不同有机钾与无机钾配施比例对生菜产量、品质及土壤微生物含量、酶活性的影响。结果表明,施用钾肥促进了生菜成熟期叶片数及莲座期SPAD值、净光合速率和蒸腾速率的增加,降低了叶片中硝酸盐含量和增加了可溶性糖含量,可显著提高生菜产量、钾素含量和钾素积累量,还可提高生菜收获后根际中脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和转化酶的活性,同时可增加土壤中可培养细菌和真菌的数量。等施钾量条件下,施用有机肥可以降低叶片中硝酸盐积累量,减少叶片维生素C含量,提高可溶性糖含量。有机钾肥和无机钾肥3∶7和1∶1配施的生菜产量、钾素积累量、钾素表观利用率和钾肥农学效率均较高,高于其他施钾处理,且有机钾肥与无机钾肥1∶1配比的土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性较高。综上所述,有机钾肥与无机钾肥配施较全部施用化肥可以提高生菜的产量、品质、肥料利用率及土壤酶活性,且以有机钾肥和无机钾肥3∶7或 1∶1配施效果较好。

关键词: 生菜(Lactucas sativa L. var. ramosa Hort.), 产量, 品质, 土壤状况, 有机钾肥, 无机钾肥, 配施

Abstract: In order to clarify the optimum proportion of organic and inorganic potassium fertilizer on lettuce (Lactucas sativa L. var. ramosa Hort.), the effects of different combination of organic and inorganic potassium on the yield, quality of lettuce, the content of soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activity in Wuhan were studied. The results showed that the application of potassium fertilizer promoted the increase of leaves, SPAD value, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, decreased the content of nitrate and increased soluble sugar in the leaves, and significantly increased the yield, potassium content and potassium accumulation of lettuce, and also increased the activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase in the rhizosphere of lettuce after harvest, and the number of bacteria and fungi that could be cultured in the soil. Under the condition of equal potassium application, the application of organic fertilizer could reduce the accumulation of nitrate in leaves, reduce the content of VC in leaves and increase the content of soluble sugar. The yield of lettuce, accumulation of potassium, apparent utilization rate and agronomic efficiency of potassium fertilizer with the ratio of organic and inorganic potassium of 3∶7 and 1∶1 were all higher than other potassium treatments, and the activity of urease and phosphatase in the soil with the ratio of 1∶1 was also higher.Analysis indicated that the application of organic and inorganic potash fertilizer could improve the yield, quality, fertilizer utilization rate and soil enzyme activity of lettuce, and the effect of organic and inorganic potash fertilizer was better than that of all chemical fertilizers. The ratio of 3∶7 or 1∶1 of organic and inorganic potash fertilizer had better effect.

Key words: lettuce(Lactucas sativa L. var. ramosa Hort. ), yield, quality, soil regime, organic potassium fertilizer, inorganic potassium fertilizer, combination application

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