关键词: 清、民国时期, 河北地区, 冰雹灾害, 时空, 1644-1948年

Abstract: The records of hail disasters in Hebei during the Qing and Republican periods（1644—1948） were analyzed, and the spatial and temporal distribution and causes of hail disasters were studied. The results show that hail disasters occurred frequently in Hebei during this period, and the annual frequency showed a trend of turbulence. The hail disasters were prone to occur in the early Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty to the middle of the Republic of China. Hail disasters mostly occur in summer and autumn, and the probability of mild hail disasters is the highest; and the probability of moderate and severe hail disasters is similar. Mountain areas and plains are more prone to hail disasters, of which the Taihang Mountains, Yanshan Mountains, and the Central and South Plains of Hebei are the areas most prone to hail disasters. Hail disasters have been recorded in most areas of Hebei, which are the provinces that have suffered severe hail disasters.

Key words: Qing and Republican peirod of China, Hebei area, hail disaster, spatiotemporal characteristics, from 1644 to1948