湖北农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (24): 128-132.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.24.031

• 园艺·特产 • 上一篇    下一篇

灌水上限和施肥量对温室番茄根际土壤酶及微生物活性的影响

李耀霞, 郁继华, 张国斌, 吴洮男   

  1. 甘肃农业大学园艺学院,兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-04 出版日期:2019-12-25 发布日期:2019-12-25
  • 通讯作者: 陈江平(1974-),主要从事林业科研工作,(电子信箱)389735835@qq.com。 作者简介:李耀霞(1995-),女,甘肃靖远人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为蔬菜栽培与生理生态,(电话)18394153186(电子信箱)
  • 作者简介:莫小锋(1979-),男,广西桂林人,工程师,主要从事林业科研工作,(电话)18978332071(电子信箱)156655266@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    桂林市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(20170108-6); 农业部农业产业技术体系建设资金项目(CARS-23-C-07); 甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(17ZD2NA015-02)

Effects of irrigation limits and fertilizing amount on enzyme and microbial activity in greenhouse tomato rhizosphere soil

LI Yao-xia, YU Ji-hua, ZHANG Guo-bin, WU Tao-nan   

  1. College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2019-01-04 Online:2019-12-25 Published:2019-12-25

摘要: 采用田间试验方法,设3个灌水上限W1(70% θF)、W2(80% θF)、W3(90% θF)和常规灌水4个水平,灌水下限为田间持水率的50%,N、P、K施肥量及配比设4个水平,分别为 F1[N(228 kg/hm2)、P2O5 (132 kg/hm2)、K2O(300 kg/hm2)],F2[N(285 kg/hm2)、P2O5(165 kg/hm2)、K2O(375 kg/hm2)],F3[N(342 kg/hm2)、P2O5(198 kg/hm2)、K2O(450 kg/hm2)]及常规施肥,研究不同灌水上限和施肥配比调控措施对日光温室番茄根际土壤酶及微生物活性的影响。结果表明,所有处理中,常规灌水施肥(CK)处理的EC值均低于其他处理,以处理F1W3为最高;pH以处理F2W2最低,有机质含量以处理F2W2、F2W3的高于其他处理,可促进植株的生长;细菌、真菌和放线菌在不同生育期的数量变化不同,但细菌数量在各生育期根际微生物的组成中占优势,且均在结果中期达到最高,均以处理F2W2的数量最高,分别为50.00×107、107.67×106和30.00×105 CFU/g;土壤酶总体表现为随灌水上限和施肥量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,蔗糖酶在结果前期和后期以处理F2W2为最高,过氧化氢酶除结果前期以处理F3W3最高外,其他处理均以处理F2W2最高,与常规灌水施肥(CK)处理存在显著差异。灌水上限和施肥组合在F2W2处理条件下,可提高温室番茄根际土壤酶及微生物活性,改善土壤环境,提高肥力和产量。

关键词: 番茄, 灌水上限, 施肥量, 微生物, 土壤酶

Abstract: Using a field test method, seted 3 irrigation upper limits W1(70% θF),W2(80% θF),W3(90% θF) and conventional irrigation 4 levels, the lower irrigation limit was 50% of field water holding capacity, NPK fertilization amount and ratio design 4 levels, respectively F1[N(228 kg/hm2)、P2O5 (132 kg/hm2)、K2O(300 kg/hm2)],F2[N(285 kg/hm2)、P2O5(165 kg/hm2)、K2O(375 kg/hm2)],F3[N(342 kg/hm2)、P2O5(198 kg/hm2)、K2O(450 kg/hm2)] and conventional fertilization,the effects of different regulation measures of irrigation upper limit and fertilization ratio on soil enzyme, micro-activity and biological activity in tomato rhizosphere of solar greenhouse were study. The results showed that the EC value of CK treatment was lower than that of other treatments, and the treatment of F1W3 was the highest. The pH value of treatment F2W2 was the lowest, and the organic matter content of treatment F2W2 and F2W3 were higher than other treatments. The number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes varied in different growth stages, and the number of bacteria was dominant in rhizosphere microorganism composition at different growth stages, and they all reached the highest level in the mid-fruiting stage, the number was the highest under treatment of F2W2, which were 50.00×107 CFU/g(dry substrate), 107.67×106 CFU/g(dry substrate) and 30.00×105 CFU/g(dry substrate), respectively.The overall performance of soil enzymes increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation upper limit and fertilization amount, sucrase was the highest under treatment of F2W2 at the early and late fruiting stages, catalase was the highest under treatment of F2W2, except treatment of F3W3 at the early fruiting stage was highest, and which was a significant difference with conventional irrigation and fertilization (CK) treatments. The upper irrigation limit and fertilization combination under the condition of F2W2 treatment can increase the soil enzyme and microbial activity in the rhizosphere soil of greenhouse tomato, improve soil environment, increase fertility and increase yield.

Key words: tomato, upper limit of irrigation water, fertilizer rate, microbes, soil enzyme

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